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href="#Kidnapping_by_Medellín_Cartel_and_elected_Mayor_of_Bogotá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kidnapping by Medellín Cartel and elected Mayor of Bogotá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidnapping_by_Medellín_Cartel_and_elected_Mayor_of_Bogotá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_candidacy_for_President_of_Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_candidacy_for_President_of_Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First candidacy for President of Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_candidacy_for_President_of_Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_Colombia_(1998–2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_Colombia_(1998–2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>President of Colombia (1998–2002)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_Colombia_(1998–2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ambassador of Colombia to the United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ambassador of Colombia to the United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Resignation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Web_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Web pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrés Pastrana Arango</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88" title="أندريس باسترانا أرانغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أندريس باسترانا أرانغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88" title="آندرس پاسترانا آرانگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آندرس پاسترانا آرانگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8C%8C%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%82%98" title="안드레스 파스트라나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안드레스 파스트라나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B" title="आन्द्रेस पस्त्राना अरांगो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आन्द्रेस पस्त्राना अरांगो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95" title="אנדרס פאסטראנה אראנגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנדרס פאסטראנה אראנגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andreas Pastrana Arango – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Andreas Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88" title="اندريس باسترانا ارانجو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اندريس باسترانا ارانجو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4" title="アンドレス・パストラーナ・アランゴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンドレス・パストラーナ・アランゴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" title="Andrés Pastrana – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Andrés Pastrana" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Пастрана Аранго, Андрес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пастрана Аранго, Андрес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Андрес Пастрана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Андрес Пастрана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Андрес Пастрана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Андрес Пастрана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Andrés Pastrana Arango" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_Spanish plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" class="extiw" title="es:Andrés Pastrana">the corresponding article</a> in Spanish</b>.  <i><small>(May 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAndr%C3%A9s_Pastrana&sl=es&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Andrés Pastrana]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|es|Andrés Pastrana}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" title="Talk:Andrés Pastrana Arango">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> Pastrana</i> and the second or maternal family name is <i> Arango</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/His_Excellency" class="mw-redirect" title="His Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Andrés Pastrana Arango</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Andres_Pastrana_Arango_(2001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg/220px-Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg/330px-Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg/440px-Andres_Pastrana_Arango_%282001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="653" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Pastrana in 2001</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">30th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 August 1998 – 7 August 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice President</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Bell" title="Gustavo Bell">Gustavo Bell Lemus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">30th <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador of Colombia to the United States">Ambassador of Colombia to the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 October 2005 – 11 July 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Álvaro Uribe</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Moreno" title="Luis Alberto Moreno">Luis Alberto Moreno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Barco_Isakson" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina Barco Isakson">Carolina Barco Isakson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />7 August 1998 – 2 September 1998</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper Pizano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">18th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Bogotá">Mayor of Bogotá</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 January 1988 – 1 January 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Julio César Sánchez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Juan Martín Caycedo Ferrer</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1954-08-17</span>) </span>17 August 1954<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 70)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Bogotá, D.C.">Bogotá, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Great_Alliance_for_Change" title="Great Alliance for Change">Great Alliance for Change</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Nohra_Puyana_Bickenbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Nohra Puyana Bickenbach">Nohra Puyana Bickenbach</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1981)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Misael_Pastrana_Borrero" title="Misael Pastrana Borrero">Misael Pastrana Borrero</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(father)</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_Arango_Vega" title="María Cristina Arango Vega">María Cristina Arango Vega</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(mother)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Santiago Pastrana Puyana</li> <li>Laura Pastrana Puyana</li> <li>Valentina Pastrana Puyana</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of the Rosary University">Our Lady of the Rosary University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>, 1977)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nowrap">(<a href="/wiki/Weatherhead_Center_for_International_Affairs" title="Weatherhead Center for International Affairs">WCIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a>, 1978)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Lawyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andrés Pastrana Arango's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg/128px-Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg/192px-Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg/256px-Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Andrés Pastrana Arango</b> (born 17 August 1954) is a Colombian politician who was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Colombia" title="List of presidents of Colombia">30th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> from 1998 to 2002,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following in the footsteps of his father, <a href="/wiki/Misael_Pastrana_Borrero" title="Misael Pastrana Borrero">Misael Pastrana Borrero</a>, who was president from 1970 to 1974. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pastrana was born on 17 August 1954 in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> to <a href="/wiki/Misael_Pastrana_Borrero" title="Misael Pastrana Borrero">Misael Pastrana Borrero</a>, who later served as the 23rd President of Colombia, and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Cristina_Arango_Vega" title="María Cristina Arango Vega">María Cristina Arango Vega</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Colombia" title="First Lady of Colombia">First Lady of Colombia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiempo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiempo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his father's presidency, he was a high school student at <a href="/wiki/Colegio_San_Carlos" title="Colegio San Carlos">Colegio San Carlos</a> where he served as president of the student council and graduated in 1973. He later acquired a degree in law at the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of the Rosary University">Our Lady of the Rosary University</a> in 1977, and attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> as a 1978 <a href="/wiki/Weatherhead_Center_for_International_Affairs" title="Weatherhead Center for International Affairs">Weatherhead Center for International Affairs</a> Fellow.<sup id="cite_ref-Tiempo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiempo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He founded the magazine <i>Guión</i> and a <i><a href="/wiki/Programadora" title="Programadora">programadora</a></i> known as Datos y Mensajes, whose flagship program was the newscast <i>Noticiero TV Hoy</i>. As a regular news anchor he became a nationally known figure.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, he formally began his political career by gaining a seat on the local <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> council. He also specialized in press articles on the production and trafficking of <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> for which he gained many journalistic awards. In 1991, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Senator</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kidnapping_by_Medellín_Cartel_and_elected_Mayor_of_Bogotá"><span id="Kidnapping_by_Medell.C3.ADn_Cartel_and_elected_Mayor_of_Bogot.C3.A1"></span>Kidnapping by Medellín Cartel and elected Mayor of Bogotá</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kidnapping by Medellín Cartel and elected Mayor of Bogotá"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a></div> <p>He was kidnapped on January 18, 1988, in <a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Department" title="Antioquia Department">Antioquia</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a>, which was pressuring the Colombian government into preventing the extradition of <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" title="Pablo Escobar">Pablo Escobar</a> and other drug lords to the United States. He was found by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Police">National Police</a> a week later, and in March, he was elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Bogotá">Mayor of Bogotá</a>, a position that he held until 1990. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_candidacy_for_President_of_Colombia">First candidacy for President of Colombia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First candidacy for President of Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, he stood for the presidency against the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Liberal</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a>, and lost by only 2% in the second round. Pastrana immediately accused Samper of using drug money to finance his campaign and provided audio recordings to the authorities that subsequently attracted much media attention and eventually led to a scandal known as <i>8.000 Process</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Proceso_8000" title="Proceso 8000">Proceso 8.000</a></i>). </p><p>While the accusation underwent a parliamentary investigation, Pastrana retired into his private life. In 1998, Pastrana announced his intention to run for president. This time, he won <a href="/wiki/1998_Colombian_presidential_election" title="1998 Colombian presidential election">that year's presidential election</a>. </p><p>Former paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Mancuso" title="Salvatore Mancuso">Salvatore Mancuso</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/United_Self-Defense_Forces_of_Colombia" title="United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia">AUC</a>, admitted in 2023 that his organisation had supported Andres Pastrana's presidential campaign in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_Colombia_(1998–2002)"><span id="President_of_Colombia_.281998.E2.80.932002.29"></span>President of Colombia (1998–2002)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: President of Colombia (1998–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clintonandvallenatokids.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Clintonandvallenatokids.png/200px-Clintonandvallenatokids.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Clintonandvallenatokids.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="198" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, Andrés Pastrana (center) and <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a> in Cartagena, Colombia, 30 August 2000.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Great_Alliance_for_Change" title="Great Alliance for Change">Great Alliance for Change</a> and <a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932002_FARC%E2%80%93Government_peace_process" title="1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process">1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process</a></div> <p>His presidency is remembered for his negotiations with the two left-wing guerrilla groups <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">FARC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejército de Liberación Nacional">ELN</a>, culminating in the grant of a demilitarized safe haven to the guerrillas the size of Switzerland, and for his breaking off the negotiations. It is also remembered for a growing degree of unpopularity in polls as his term progressed. Some critics accused him of possibly accepting unspecified bribes from leading FARC and ELN members, but no concrete evidence of that was presented during his presidency. He was also heavily criticized for all the seemingly-pleasure trips that he took around the world during his term. </p><p>In 1999, he and U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a> to fight the communist guerrillas with the payment by the United States of $1.6 billion over three years to the Colombian army. An amendment quickly emphasized the plan's second function: to encourage foreign investment by "insisting that the Colombian government complete the urgent reforms designed to open its economy completely to foreign investment and trade."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military counterguerrilla operations cause the <a href="/wiki/Forced_displacement" title="Forced displacement">forced displacement</a> of more than one million people in four years. <a href="/wiki/Cocaine_production_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocaine production in Colombia">Cocaine production</a> increased by 47% during that period.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>'<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambassador_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States">Ambassador of Colombia to the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ambassador of Colombia to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg/200px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg/300px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg/400px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Andres_Pastrana_Pentagon_Feb_2001_010226-D-9880W-030.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption>US Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> meeting with Andrés Pastrana.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2005 President <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe Vélez</a>, who had been a critic of Pastrana's peace process with the FARC and had received criticisms from Pastrana regarding his negotiations with Colombian paramilitary groups, surprisingly offered the former president the post of Ambassador to the United States in Washington, DC. After consulting his family and his political supporters, Pastrana accepted. </p><p>Some political analysts theorized that Uribe considered that Pastrana would be a useful diplomat in Washington because he would help to renegotiate Plan Colombia and in general to maintain U.S. aid to Colombia, which has contributed to the successes of the Uribe administration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2006, a few days after Uribe had appointed former President <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a> as Colombian ambassador to France, Pastrana told Uribe that he was "morally impeded" from participating in a government along with ex-President Samper. Pastrana resigned and returned to Colombia, and Samper rejected his own appointment. However, that move was not well received by the Conservative Party, which was committed to Uribe, who had won the presidency as an independent, and left Pastrana alone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pastrana is a board member in the <a href="/wiki/International_Foundation_for_Electoral_Systems" title="International Foundation for Electoral Systems">International Foundation for Electoral Systems</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ifesboard_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifesboard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the honorary president of the <i><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Latin_American_Parties" title="Union of Latin American Parties">Union of Latin American Parties</a></i> (UPLA).<sup id="cite_ref-ifesboard_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ifesboard-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac_Foundation_for_Sustainable_Development_and_Cultural_Dialogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Chirac Foundation for Sustainable Development and Cultural Dialogue">Fondation Chirac</a>'s honour committee,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the Club de Madrid, a group of more than 80 former leaders of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democratic leadership worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastrana also serves on the board of advisors for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalpanel.org">Global Panel Foundation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a counsellor for the One Young World <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> summit in 2014, along with four other former presidents from <a href="/wiki/Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American">Latin American</a> countries.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He now maintains a distant and hostile relation with his own party, even referring to it as "absolutely corrupt". He has also levied accusations of corruption against two of the most prominent party leaders, Efraín Cepeda and Hernán Andrade.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He campaigns in 2016 against the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">peace agreements</a> signed between the Colombian government and the guerrilla.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is a signatory of the Madrid Charter launched in 2020 by the Spanish party <a href="/wiki/Vox_(political_party)" title="Vox (political party)">Vox</a> to unite the radical right in Spain and Latin America against "narco-communism, the left and organized crime."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2021, his name was mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Pandora_Papers" title="Pandora Papers">Pandora Papers</a> as the owner of a company located in Panama, a country considered a tax haven, through which he makes investments in Colombia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He supports far-right candidate <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a> in <a href="/wiki/2023_Argentine_general_election" title="2023 Argentine general election">2023 Argentine general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_(Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_%28Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="975" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of Andrés Pastrana as knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Pastrana was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Hanno_R._Ellenbogen_Citizenship_Award" title="Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award">Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award</a> jointly by the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Society_for_International_Cooperation" title="Prague Society for International Cooperation">Prague Society for International Cooperation</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globalpanel.org">Global Panel Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreign honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Spain: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/70px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/105px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg/140px-Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic_-_Sash_of_Collar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Knight of the Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Malaysia: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_(Crown_of_the_Realm)_-_DMN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg/70px-MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg/105px-MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg/140px-MY_Darjah_Utama_Seri_Mahkota_Negara_%28Crown_of_the_Realm%29_-_DMN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Honorary Recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_the_Realm" title="Order of the Crown of the Realm">Order of the Crown of the Realm</a> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Poland: <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/70px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/105px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/140px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland">Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland</a> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pastrana was a guest star on the TV Soap Opera <i><a href="/wiki/Yo_soy_Betty,_la_fea" title="Yo soy Betty, la fea">Yo soy Betty, la fea</a></i>.</li> <li>Andrés Pastrana is portrayed by the actor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Ogilvie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrés Ogilvie (page does not exist)">Andrés Ogilvie</a> in TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/Escobar,_el_Patr%C3%B3n_del_Mal" class="mw-redirect" title="Escobar, el Patrón del Mal">Escobar, el Patrón del Mal</a></i>.</li> <li>In TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Tres_Ca%C3%ADnes" title="Tres Caínes">Tres Caínes</a></i> is portrayed by Andrés Suárez as the character of Antonio Arango.</li> <li>In TV Series <i><a href="/wiki/En_la_boca_del_lobo" title="En la boca del lobo">En la boca del lobo</a></i> is portrayed by an unknown model as the character of Esteban Aldana.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kidnappings" title="List of kidnappings">List of kidnappings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solved_missing_person_cases:_pre-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="List of solved missing person cases: pre-2000">List of solved missing person cases</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Andrés Pastrana Arango." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2010. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21 Jan. 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/446131/Andres-Pastrana-Arango">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiempo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tiempo_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tiempo_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHugo_Sabogal" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hugo Sabogal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416194859/https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-818658">"AL ESTILO DE ANDRÉS"</a>. <i>El Tiempo</i> (in Spanish). 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Spanish Official Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.boe.es&rft.atitle=Real+Decreto+439%2F1999%2C+de+12+de+marzo%2C+por+el+que+se+concede+el+Collar+de+la+Orden+de+Isabel+la+Cat%C3%B3lica+a+su+excelencia+se%C3%B1or+Andr%C3%A9s+Pastrana+Arango+Presidente+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Colombia.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fbuscar%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-1999-6122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Pastrana+Arango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160528001917/http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/Tahun_2001.pdf">"Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 2001"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/Tahun_2001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senarai+Penuh+Penerima+Darjah+Kebesaran%2C+Bintang+dan+Pingat+Persekutuan+Tahun+2001.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istiadat.gov.my%2Fv8%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FTahun_2001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Pastrana+Arango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809220109/https://www.prezydent.pl/prezydent/kompetencje/ordery-i-odznaczenia/ordery/order-zaslugi-rp">"Order Zasługi RP"</a>. <i>prezydent.pl</i> (in Polish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prezydent.pl/prezydent/kompetencje/ordery-i-odznaczenia/ordery/order-zaslugi-rp">the original</a> on 9 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prezydent.pl&rft.atitle=Order+Zas%C5%82ugi+RP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prezydent.pl%2Fprezydent%2Fkompetencje%2Fordery-i-odznaczenia%2Fordery%2Forder-zaslugi-rp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndr%C3%A9s+Pastrana+Arango" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_pages">Web pages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Web pages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcolombiano.com.co/proyectos/balancepresidencial/default.htm">El Colombiano - President Pastrana's job performance</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-8547">El Tiempo - President Uribe and ambassador Pastrana meet</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/politica/ARTICULO-WEB-PLANTILLA_NOTA_INTERIOR-5246208.html">El Tiempo - Ex president Pastrana accuses Constitutional Court</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana_Arango" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Andrés Pastrana Arango">Andrés Pastrana Arango</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidob.org/en/documentacio/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/andres_pastrana_arango">Biography by CIDOB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214118/http://www.cidob.org/en/documentacio/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/andres_pastrana_arango">Archived</a> 4 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Spanish)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Julio César Sánchez</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="List of mayors of Bogotá">Mayor of Bogotá</a> </b><br />1988–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Juan Martín Caycedo Ferrer</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> </b><br />1998–2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Hern%C3%A1n_Lloreda_Caicedo" title="Rodrigo Hernán Lloreda Caicedo">Rodrigo Hernán Lloreda</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Conservative</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1994_Colombian_presidential_election" title="1994 Colombian presidential election">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_Colombian_presidential_election" title="1998 Colombian presidential election">1998</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Camilo_Restrepo_Salazar" title="Juan Camilo Restrepo Salazar">Juan Camilo Restrepo Salazar</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">Withdrew</span></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary General of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> </b><br />1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Moreno" title="Luis Alberto Moreno">Luis Alberto Moreno</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Colombia_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Colombia to the United States">Colombian Ambassador to the United States</a> </b><br />2005–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Barco" title="Carolina Barco">Carolina Barco</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a></div><i><b>as former President </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_order_of_precedence" title="Colombian order of precedence">Order of precedence of Colombia</a><br />former President </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a></div><i><b>as former President </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Colombia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Colombia" title="Template:Presidents of Colombia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Colombia" title="Template talk:Presidents of Colombia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Colombia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Colombia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">Presidents of Colombia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents and<br />presidencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="display:flex"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;flex:1;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Núñez (politician)">Rafael Núñez</a> (1887–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Antonio_Caro" title="Miguel Antonio Caro">Miguel Antonio Caro</a> (1894–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Antonio_Sanclemente" title="Manuel Antonio Sanclemente">Manuel Antonio Sanclemente</a> (1898–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="José Manuel Marroquín">José Manuel Marroquín</a> (1900–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Reyes" title="Rafael Reyes">Rafael Reyes</a> (1904–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Ramón González Valencia">Ramón González Valencia</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Eugenio_Restrepo" title="Carlos Eugenio Restrepo">Carlos Eugenio Restrepo</a> (1910–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vicente_Concha" title="José Vicente Concha">José Vicente Concha</a> (1914–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Fidel_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Marco Fidel Suárez">Marco Fidel Suárez</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Jorge Holguín">Jorge Holguín</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nel_Ospina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Nel Ospina">Pedro Nel Ospina</a> (1922–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Abad%C3%ADa_M%C3%A9ndez" title="Miguel Abadía Méndez">Miguel Abadía Méndez</a> (1926–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Olaya_Herrera" title="Enrique Olaya Herrera">Enrique Olaya Herrera</a> (1930–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Pumarejo" title="Alfonso López Pumarejo">Alfonso López Pumarejo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Pumarejo" title="Presidencies of Alfonso López Pumarejo">1934–1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Santos_Montejo" title="Eduardo Santos Montejo">Eduardo Santos Montejo</a> (1938–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Pumarejo" title="Alfonso López Pumarejo">Alfonso López Pumarejo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Pumarejo" title="Presidencies of Alfonso López Pumarejo">1942–1946</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Ospina_P%C3%A9rez" title="Mariano Ospina Pérez">Mariano Ospina Pérez</a> (1946–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laureano_G%C3%B3mez" title="Laureano Gómez">Laureano Gómez</a> (1950–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</a> (1953–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lleras_Camargo" title="Alberto Lleras Camargo">Alberto Lleras Camargo</a> (1958–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Le%C3%B3n_Valencia" title="Guillermo León Valencia">Guillermo León Valencia</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Lleras_Restrepo" title="Carlos Lleras Restrepo">Carlos Lleras Restrepo</a> (1966–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misael_Pastrana_Borrero" title="Misael Pastrana Borrero">Misael Pastrana Borrero</a> (1970–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_L%C3%B3pez_Michelsen" title="Alfonso López Michelsen">Alfonso López Michelsen</a> (1974–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_C%C3%A9sar_Turbay_Ayala" title="Julio César Turbay Ayala">Julio César Turbay</a> (1978–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belisario_Betancur" title="Belisario Betancur">Belisario Betancur</a> (1982–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Barco_Vargas" title="Virgilio Barco Vargas">Virgilio Barco Vargas</a> (1986–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gaviria" title="César Gaviria">César Gaviria</a> (1990–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Samper" title="Ernesto Samper">Ernesto Samper</a> (1994–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pastrana" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrés Pastrana">Andrés Pastrana</a> (1998–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Presidency of Álvaro Uribe">2002–2010</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Juan Manuel Santos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Presidency of Juan Manuel Santos">2010–2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Duque" title="Iván Duque">Iván Duque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Iv%C3%A1n_Duque" title="Presidency of Iván Duque">2018–2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gustavo_Petro" title="Presidency of Gustavo Petro">2022–present</a>)</li></ol> </div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Colombia" title="Category:Presidents of Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Colombia" title="List of presidents of Colombia">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mayors_of_Bogotá" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Template:Mayor of Bogotá"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Template talk:Mayor of Bogotá"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayor_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mayor of Bogotá"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mayors_of_Bogotá" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="List of mayors of Bogotá">Mayors of Bogotá</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal mayors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Javier Tobar Ahumada (1910–1911)</li> <li>Manuel María Mallarino (1911–1913)</li> <li>Emilio Cuervo Márquez (1913–1914)</li> <li>Andrés Marroquín Osorio (1914–1917)</li> <li>Raimundo Rivas (1917)</li> <li>Gerardo Arrubla (1917–1918)</li> <li>Santiago de Castro (1918–1920)</li> <li>Tadeo de Castro (1920)</li> <li>Cenón Escobar (1920)</li> <li>Ernesto Sánz de Santamaría (1920–1925)</li> <li>Leonidas Ojeda (1925)</li> <li>José Posada Tavera (1925–1926)</li> <li>José María Piedrahita (1926–1929)</li> <li>Luis Borrero Mercado (1929)</li> <li>Luis Augusto Cuervo (1929)</li> <li>Alfonso Robledo (1929)</li> <li>Hernando Carrizosa (1929–1930)</li> <li>Luis Carlos Páez (1930)</li> <li>Enrique Vargas Nariño (1930–1931)</li> <li>Francisco Umaña Bernal (1931)</li> <li>Enrique Vargas Nariño (1931)</li> <li>Luis Patiño Galvis (November 1931 – December 1933)</li> <li>Alfonso Esguerra (December 1933 – March 1934)</li> <li>Julio Pardo Dávila (March 1934 – January 1935)</li> <li>Diego Montaña Cuéllar (January 1935 – February 1935)</li> <li>Jorge Merchán (February 1935 – October 1935)</li> <li>Carlos Arango Vélez (October 1935 – March 1936)</li> <li>Francisco José Arévalo (March 1936 – June 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n_Ayala" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala">Jorge Eliécer Gaitán Ayala</a> (June 1936 – March 1937)</li> <li>Gonzalo Restrepo (March 1937 – May 1937)</li> <li>Manuel Rueda Vargas (May 1937 – March 1938)</li> <li>Gustavo Santos (March 1938 – October 1938)</li> <li>Germán Zea Hernández (October 1938 – April 1941)</li> <li>Julio Pardo Dávila (May 1941 – August 1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Sanz_de_Santamar%C3%ADa" title="Carlos Sanz de Santamaría">Carlos Sanz de Santamaría</a> (August 1942 – March 1944)</li> <li>Jorge Soto del Corral (March 1944 – November 1944)</li> <li>Gabriel Paredes (November 1944 – January 1945)</li> <li>Juan Pablo Llinás (January 1945 – June 1945)</li> <li>Ramón Muñoz Toledo (June 1945 – September 1946)</li> <li>Juan Salgar Martín (October 1946 – March 1947)</li> <li>Francisco José Arévalo (April 1947 – March 1948)</li> <li>Fernando Mazuera Villegas (April 1948 – October 1948)</li> <li>Carlos Reyes Posada (October 1948 – December 1948)</li> <li>Fernando Mazuera Villegas (December 1948 – May 1949)</li> <li>Carlos Reyes Posada (May 1949 – June 1949)</li> <li>Gregorio Obregón (June 1949 – September 1949)</li> <li>Marco Tulio Amaya (September 1949 – October 1949)</li> <li>Santiago Trujillo (October 1949 – July 1952)</li> <li>Manuel Briceño (July 1952 – June 1953)</li> <li>José Rodríguez Mantilla (June 1953 – July 1953)</li> <li>Col. Julio Cervantes (July 1953 – September 1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayors of the<br />Special District</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Roberto Salazar Gómez (1954–1955)</li> <li>Andrés Rodríguez Gómez (1955–1957)</li> <li>Fernando Mazuera Villegas (1957–1958)</li> <li>Juan Pablo Llinás (1958–1961)</li> <li>Jorge Gaitán Cortés (1961–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Barco_Vargas" title="Virgilio Barco Vargas">Virgilio Barco Vargas</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li>Emilio Urrea Delgado (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Alb%C3%A1n_Holgu%C3%ADn" title="Carlos Albán Holguín">Carlos Albán Holguín</a> (1970–1973)</li> <li>Aníbal Fernández de Soto (1973–1974)</li> <li>Alfonso Palacio Rudas (1974–1975)</li> <li>Luis Prieto Ocampo (1975–1976)</li> <li>Bernardo Gaitán Mahecha (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Dur%C3%A1n_Duss%C3%A1n" title="Hernando Durán Dussán">Hernando Durán Dussán</a> (1978–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Ram%C3%ADrez_Ocampo" title="Augusto Ramírez Ocampo">Augusto Ramírez Ocampo</a> (1982–1984)</li> <li>Hisnardo Ardila (1984–1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_Pardo_Koppel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego Pardo Koppel (page does not exist)">Diego Pardo Koppel</a> (1985–1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julio_C%C3%A9sar_S%C3%A1nchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julio César Sánchez (page does not exist)">Julio César Sánchez</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andrés Pastrana Arango</a> (1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Caicedo_Ferrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Martín Caicedo Ferrer (page does not exist)">Juan Martín Caicedo Ferrer</a> (1990–1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayors of the <br />Capital District of<br />Santa Fe de Bogotá</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Mart%C3%ADn_Caicedo_Ferrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Martín Caicedo Ferrer (page does not exist)">Juan Martín Caicedo Ferrer</a> (1991–1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Dur%C3%A1n_de_Infante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonia Durán de Infante (page does not exist)">Sonia Durán de Infante</a> (ad-hoc) (1992–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Castro_Castro" title="Jaime Castro Castro">Jaime Castro Castro</a> (1992–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Mockus" title="Antanas Mockus">Antanas Mockus</a> (1995–1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Bromberg_Silverstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Bromberg Silverstein (page does not exist)">Paul Bromberg Silverstein</a> (1996–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mayors of the <br />Capital District of Bogotá</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1alosa" title="Enrique Peñalosa">Enrique Peñalosa</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antanas_Mockus" title="Antanas Mockus">Antanas Mockus</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Eduardo_Garz%C3%B3n" title="Luis Eduardo Garzón">Luis Eduardo Garzón</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Moreno_Rojas" title="Samuel Moreno Rojas">Samuel Moreno Rojas</a> (2008 – June 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Fernanda_Campo_Saavedra" title="María Fernanda Campo Saavedra">María Fernanda Campo Saavedra</a> (Acting Mayor, May 2011 – June 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_L%C3%B3pez_Obreg%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Clara López Obregón">Clara López Obregón</a> (Acting Mayor, June 2011 – December 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> (2012 – March 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Pardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Pardo">Rafael Pardo</a> (Acting Mayor, March 2014 – April 2014)</li> <li>María Mercedes Maldonado (Acting Mayor, April 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a> (April 2014 – 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1alosa" title="Enrique Peñalosa">Enrique Peñalosa</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_L%C3%B3pez" title="Claudia López">Claudia López</a> (2020–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fernando_Gal%C3%A1n" title="Carlos Fernando Galán">Carlos Fernando Galán</a> (2024—<i>Present</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315975#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315975#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315975#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000101282757">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/25917881">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/86674026">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/65378/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHhVp6dxrG94cTm9dCwC">WorldCat</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjBFf76HfPkTVcQTrhCHhb">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1047954168">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80161300">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16973412t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16973412t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1062300">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p15222176X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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