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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-possessiveness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Non-possessiveness </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-possessiveness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compersion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compersion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Compersion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compersion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difficulties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difficulties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Difficulties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difficulties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legal issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parenting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Parenting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Domestic partnerships </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-discrimination_law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-discrimination_law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Anti-discrimination law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-discrimination_law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Marriage implications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevalence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevalence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Prevalence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevalence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acceptance_by_religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acceptance_by_religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Acceptance by religions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acceptance_by_religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acceptance_by_non-religious_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acceptance_by_non-religious_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Acceptance by non-religious organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acceptance_by_non-religious_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_a_clinical_setting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_a_clinical_setting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In a clinical setting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_a_clinical_setting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Media representation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_representation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media representation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1970s_to_2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_to_2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 1970s to 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_to_2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Increased_representation_in_the_2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Increased_representation_in_the_2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Increased representation in the 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Increased_representation_in_the_2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 2018–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyamory-related_observances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyamory-related_observances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Polyamory-related observances </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyamory-related_observances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyamory_rights_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyamory_rights_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Polyamory rights organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyamory_rights_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Opposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_practitioners_of_polyamory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_practitioners_of_polyamory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable practitioners of polyamory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_practitioners_of_polyamory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Polyamory</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamorie" title="Poliamorie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Poliamorie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A8" title="تعدد علاقات الحب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدد علاقات الحب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95)" title="বহুগামিতা (অবৈবাহিক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বহুগামিতা (অবৈবাহিক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamori" title="Poliamori – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Poliamori" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Полиамория – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полиамория" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamorie" title="Polyamorie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polyamorie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamori" title="Polyamori – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polyamori" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamorie" title="Polyamorie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polyamorie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%BCamooria" title="Polüamooria – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Polüamooria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Πολυσυντροφικότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολυσυντροφικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluramemo" title="Pluramemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pluramemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamodio" title="Poliamodio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poliamodio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="چندمهری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چندمهری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamour" title="Polyamour – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polyamour" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC" title="폴리아모리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴리아모리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բազմասիրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմասիրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C5%A1eljublje" title="Višeljublje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Višeljublje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamori" title="Poliamori – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Poliamori" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamor" title="Polyamor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polyamor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamore" title="Poliamore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Poliamore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="פוליאמוריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוליאמוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamoria" title="Poliamoria – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Poliamoria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="बहुकामुकता – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बहुकामुकता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamorie" title="Polyamorie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polyamorie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="बहुप्रेमी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बहुप्रेमी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="ポリアモリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポリアモリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamori" title="Polyamori – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polyamori" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%82" title="تعدد عشق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تعدد عشق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamoria" title="Poliamoria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poliamoria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliamor" title="Poliamor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poliamor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Полиамория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полиамория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamory" title="Polyamory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polyamory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyamoria" title="Polyamoria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polyamoria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the reality TV show, see <a href="/wiki/Polyamory:_Married_%26_Dating" title="Polyamory: Married & Dating">Polyamory: Married & Dating</a>. For the Breaking Benjamin song, see <a href="/wiki/Polyamorous_(song)" title="Polyamorous (song)">Polyamorous (song)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyromantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyromantic">Polyromantic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Polysexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysexuality">Polysexuality</a>.</div> <div class="nomobile"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Polyamory</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_(35639406753).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg/240px-Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg/360px-Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg/480px-Malm%C3%B6_Pride_2017_%2835639406753%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">A demonstrator (left) with a polyamorous pride flag in <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a>, Sweden, August 2017</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">Non-monogamy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subcategories</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:LightPink;">Other terms</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated terms</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship anarchy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_non-monogamy" 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Polyamory" title="Category:Polyamory">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">Non-monogamy</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">polyamory</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Relationships</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_dating" title="Casual dating">Casual dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_non-monogamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethical non-monogamy">Ethical non-monogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_marriage" title="Group marriage">Group marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois" title="Ménage à trois">Ménage à trois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_relationship" title="Open relationship">Open relationship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_marriage" title="Open marriage">Marriage</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Sexual practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuckold" title="Cuckold">Cuckold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cuckquean" title="Cuckquean">Cuckquean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troilism" class="mw-redirect" title="Troilism">Troilism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgy" title="Orgy">Orgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threesome" title="Threesome">Threesome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_hunting" title="Unicorn hunting">Unicorn hunting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Terminology_within_polyamory" title="Terminology within polyamory">Terms</a> and values</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiamory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambiamory">Ambiamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hookup_culture" title="Hookup culture">Hookup culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_relationship_energy" title="New relationship energy">New relationship energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_(polyamory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary and secondary (polyamory)">Primary and secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship anarchy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-bottom:1px solid #cee0f2;background:none;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_union" title="Free union">Free union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sologamy" title="Sologamy">Sologamy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polyamory_sidebar" title="Template:Polyamory sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polyamory_sidebar" title="Template talk:Polyamory sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polyamory_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polyamory sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Polyamory (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:πολύς">πολύς</a> (polús) 'many' and <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amor#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:amor">amor</a> '<a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>') is the practice of, or the desire for, <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">romantic relationships</a> with more than one partner at the same time, with the informed consent of all partners involved. Some people who identify as polyamorous believe in <a href="/wiki/Consensual_non-monogamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensual non-monogamy">consensual non-monogamy</a> with a conscious management of <a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">jealousy</a> and reject the view that sexual and relational exclusivity (<a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">monogamy</a>) are prerequisite for deep, committed, long-term, loving relationships.<a href="#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a> Others prefer to restrict their sexual activity to only members of the group, a closed polyamorous relationship that is usually referred to as <a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">polyfidelity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Miller1999-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Polyamory has come to be an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_term" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbrella term">umbrella term</a> for various forms of non-monogamous, multi-partner relationships, or non-exclusive sexual or romantic relationships.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian1-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Its usage reflects the choices and <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_love" title="Philosophy of love">philosophies</a> of the individuals involved, but with recurring themes or <a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)" class="mw-redirect" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">values</a>, such as love, intimacy, <a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">honesty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_communication" title="Interpersonal communication">communication</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Promise" title="Promise">commitment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a> It can often be distinguished from some other forms of <a href="/wiki/Consensual_non-monogamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensual non-monogamy">ethical non-monogamy</a> in that the relationships involved are loving intimate relationships, as opposed to purely sexual relationships.<a href="#cite_note-Brunning_2016-9">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Terminology_within_polyamory" title="Terminology within polyamory">Terminology within polyamory</a></div> The word polyamorous first appeared in an article by <a href="/wiki/Morning_Glory_Zell-Ravenheart" title="Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart">Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart</a>, "A Bouquet of Lovers", published in May 1990 in <a href="/wiki/Green_Egg" title="Green Egg">Green Egg Magazine</a>, as "poly-amorous".<a href="#cite_note-pitn-10">[10]</a> In May 1992, Jennifer L. Wesp created the <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> <a href="/wiki/Newsgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsgroup">newsgroup</a> alt.polyamory, and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (OED) cites the proposal to create that group as the first verified appearance of the word.<a href="#cite_note-pitn-10">[10]</a> In 1999, Zell-Ravenheart was asked by the editor of the OED to provide a definition of the term, and she provided it for the UK version as "the practice, state or ability of having more than one sexual loving relationship at the same time, with the full knowledge and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_consent" title="Sexual consent">consent</a> of all partners involved."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The words polyamory, polyamorous, and polyamorist were added to the OED in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-oed.com-12">[12]</a> Some reference works define polyamory as a relational form (whether <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">interpersonal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">romantic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">sexual</a>) that involves multiple people with the consent of all the people involved, like <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Living_Dictionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Living Dictionaries">Oxford Living Dictionaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thesaurus" title="Thesaurus">Thesaurus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Some criticized the <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> definition of polyamory, which defines the term as "the state or practice of having more than one open romantic relationship at a time,"<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> as missing a "vital component": consent.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The word polyamory combines the Greek word for "many" (poly) and the Latin word for "love" (amor).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Polyamory is not generally included in the <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypernymy_and_hyponymy" title="Hypernymy and hyponymy">umbrella</a> because it's not a sexuality or a gender identity.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_a_practice">As a practice</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: As a practice">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Polyamory_in_the_United_States" title="Polyamory in the United States">Polyamory in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png/220px-Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png/330px-Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png/440px-Pride_in_London_2016_-_Polyamorous_people_in_the_parade.png 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Polyamorous people parading under their banner with two <a href="/wiki/Furry_fandom" title="Furry fandom">furries</a> in front of them at Pride in London 2016</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Consensual_non-monogamy" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensual non-monogamy">Consensual non-monogamy</a>, which polyamory falls under,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> can take many different forms, depending on the needs and preferences of the individual(s) involved in any specific relationship(s). As of 2019, over one fifth of the United States population has, at some point in their lives, engaged in some sort of consensual non-monogamy.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Separate from polyamory as a philosophical basis for relationships are the practical ways in which people who live polyamorously arrange their lives and handle certain issues, as compared to those of a more conventional monogamous arrangement.<a href="#cite_note-:3-1">[1]</a> People of different <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientations">sexual orientations</a> are a part of the community and form networks of relationships, with consent and agreement of their partners.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-weiger-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Many things differentiate polyamory from other types of non-monogamous relationships. It is common for <a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">swinging</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_relationship" title="Open relationship">open couples</a> to maintain emotional monogamy while engaging in extra-dyadic sexual relations.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarkerLangdridge201271Swinging:_Pushing_the_Boundaries_of_Monogamy?-26">[26]</a> The friend or partner boundary in monogamous relationships and other forms of non-monogamy is typically fairly clear. Unlike other forms of non-monogamy, though, "polyamory is notable for privileging emotional intimacy with others."<a href="#cite_note-Brunning_2016-9">[9]</a> Benefits of a polyamorous relationship might include:<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> the ability of individuals to discuss issues with multiple partners, potentially mediating and thus stabilizing a relationship, and reducing polarization of viewpoints, and emotional support and structure from other committed adults within the familial unit. Other benefits include a wider range of adult experience, skills, resources, and perspective and support for companionate marriages, which can be satisfying even if no longer sexually vital, since romantic needs are met elsewhere. This acts to preserve existing relationships.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kinsey_Institute_for_Research_in_Sex,_Gender_and_Reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction">Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction</a> estimated that there were half-a-million "openly polyamorous families" in the United States in July 2009.<a href="#cite_note-bennett-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Additionally, 15–28% of heterosexual couples and about half of gay and bisexual people have a "non-traditional" arrangement of some kind as reported in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> in August 2013.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Polyamorous communities have been said to be outwardly <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> as women were central to the creation of such communities and <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> is a central tenet.<a href="#cite_note-bennett-29">[29]</a> For those who are polyamorous, <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a>, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, created ripples in existing relationships, leading some to split apart and others to struggle to maintain their connections with one another.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fidelity_and_loyalty">Fidelity and loyalty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fidelity and loyalty">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polyamorie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Polyamorie.jpg/220px-Polyamorie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Polyamorie.jpg/330px-Polyamorie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Polyamorie.jpg/440px-Polyamorie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5007" data-file-height="3213" /></a><figcaption>Three people in a polyamorous relationship.</figcaption></figure> A large percentage of polyamorists define fidelity not as sexual exclusivity, but as faithfulness to the promises and agreements made about a relationship.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-cook-37">[37]</a> As a relational practice, polyamory sustains a vast variety of open relationship or multi-partner constellations, which can differ in definition and grades of intensity, closeness and commitment.<a href="#cite_note-Fidelity-38">[38]</a> Specifically, polyamory can take the forms of a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois" title="Ménage à trois">triad</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[a]</a> of three people in an intimate relationship, a poly family of more than three people, one person as the pivot point of a relationship (a "vee"), a couple in a two-person relationship which portrays other relationships on their own, and various other intimate networks of individuals.<a href="#cite_note-weiger-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-bennett-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-davidson-40">[39]</a> There are also those who are swingers and engage in polyamory, or engage in poly-dating.<a href="#cite_note-davidson-40">[39]</a> A poly family is sometimes called kitchen table polyamory,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> a style of polyamory in which all members of a particular <a href="/wiki/Polycule" title="Polycule">polycule</a> are comfortable and connected enough with each other that it is not uncommon for them to literally gather around the kitchen table, as they may spend holidays, birthdays, or other important times together as a large group. This style places an emphasis on family-style connections, and not all members are necessarily sexually or romantically involved with every other person in the group.<a href="#cite_note-:6-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-43">[42]</a> Other styles of polyamory include parallel polyamory, where members of individual relationships prefer not to meet or know details of their partners' other relationships,<a href="#cite_note-:6-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-43">[42]</a> solo polyamory defines non-monogamous individuals who do not want a primary partner<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> and may resist the "relationship escalator" (an idea that relationships must follow a progression, or "escalator" from dating, to being exclusive, to becoming engaged, getting married, and having children).<a href="#cite_note-auto-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-46">[45]</a> For some, polyamory functions as an umbrella term for the multiple approaches of 'responsible non-monogamy'.<a href="#cite_note-Fidelity-38">[38]</a> A secret sexual relationship that violates those accords would be seen as a breach of fidelity. Polyamorists generally base definitions of commitment on considerations other than sexual exclusivity, e.g., "trust and honesty" or "growing old together".<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In an article in <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Health" title="Men's Health">Men's Health</a>, Zachary Zane states that commitment in a polyamorous relationship means that "you will be there for that person", supporting them, taking care of them, and loving them.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication_and_negotiation">Communication and negotiation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Communication and negotiation">edit</a>]</div> Because there is no "standard model" for polyamorous relationships, and reliance upon common expectations may not be realistic, polyamorists advocate explicitly negotiating with all involved to establish the terms of their relationships, and often emphasize that this should be an ongoing process of honest communication and respect. Polyamorists typically take a pragmatic approach to their relationships; many accept that sometimes they and their partners will make mistakes and fail to live up to these ideals, and that communication is important for repairing any breaches.<a href="#cite_note-polyoz_values-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-s.org-50">[49]</a> They also argue that polyamory is a response to challenges of relationships of a monogamous nature.<a href="#cite_note-bennett-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trust,_honesty,_dignity,_and_respect">Trust, honesty, dignity, and respect</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Trust, honesty, dignity, and respect">edit</a>]</div> Polyamory has been defined as loving more than one person at once, with respect, trust, and honesty for all partners involved.<a href="#cite_note-polyoz_values-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-s.org-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-mcchal-51">[50]</a> Ideally, a partner's partners are accepted as part of that person's life rather than merely tolerated, and usually a relationship that requires deception or a "don't-ask-don't-tell" policy is seen as a less than ideal model. <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a> additionally described polyamory as "not a sexuality" but as actually "having multiple intimate relationships".<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-possessiveness">Non-possessiveness</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-possessiveness">edit</a>]</div> Some polyamorists view excessive restrictions on other deep relationships as less than desirable, as such restrictions can be used to replace trust with a framework of ownership and control. It is usually preferred or encouraged that a polyamorist strive to view their partners' other significant others, often referred to as metamours or OSOs,<a href="#cite_note-Black_and_Poly_2017-53">[52]</a> in terms of the gain to their partners' lives rather than a threat to their own (<a href="#Compersion">compersion</a>). Therefore, jealousy and possessiveness are generally viewed not so much as something to avoid or structure the relationships around, but as responses that should be explored, understood, and resolved within each individual, with compersion as a goal.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> This is related to one of the types of polyamory, which is non-hierarchical, where "no one relationship is prioritized above the rest"<a href="#cite_note-weiger-24">[24]</a> and the fact that polyamorists insist on working through problems in their relationships "through open communication, patience, and honesty."<a href="#cite_note-bennett-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compersion">Compersion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Compersion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Mudita</a></div> Compersion is a term coined by members of the polyamorous community to describe an <a href="/wiki/Empathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Empathetic">empathetic</a> state of happiness and joy experienced when another individual experiences happiness and joy.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> In the context of polyamorous relationships, it describes positive feelings experienced by an individual when their intimate partner is enjoying another relationship.<a href="#cite_note-mcchal-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-PolySoc-59">[58]</a> It has been variously described as "the opposite or flip side of jealousy",<a href="#cite_note-PolyOz-60">[59]</a> analogous to the "joy parents feel when their children get married",<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> and a "positive emotional reaction to a lover's other relationship".<a href="#cite_note-:7-43">[42]</a> The term is traced to the <a href="/wiki/Kerista_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerista Commune">Kerista Commune</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PolySoc-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anapol-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaormino2008217-63">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Difficulties">Difficulties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Difficulties">edit</a>]</div> Morin (1999) and Fleckenstein (2014) noted that certain conditions are favorable to good experiences with polyamory, but that these differ from the general population.<a href="#cite_note-Shernoff-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fleckenstein_Cox_pp._94–116-65">[64]</a> Heavy public promotion of polyamory can have the unintended effect of attracting people to it for whom it is not well-suited. Unequal power-dynamics, such as financial dependence, can also inappropriately influence a person to agree to a polyamorous relationship against their true desires. Even in more equal power-dynamic relationships, the reluctant partner may feel coerced into a proposed non-monogamous arrangement due to the implication that if they refuse, the proposer will pursue other partners anyway, will break off the relationship, or that the one refusing will be accused of intolerance and not being open-minded.<a href="#cite_note-Sizemore-66">[65]</a> Polyamorous relationships present practical pitfalls. One common complaint from participants is time management, as more partners means one must divide one's time and attention between them, leaving less for each.<a href="#cite_note-Masters-67">[66]</a> Related is that the complexity of the arrangement can lead to so much effort being spent on the relationship that personal, individual needs can be overlooked.<a href="#cite_note-Brunning_2016-9">[9]</a> The strong emphasis on communication can unintentionally marginalize partners who are less articulate.<a href="#cite_note-Brunning_2016-9">[9]</a> Finally, negotiating the sometimes complex rules and boundaries of these relationships can be emotionally taxing, as can reconciling situations where one partner goes outside those boundaries.<a href="#cite_note-Brunning_2016-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Masters-67">[66]</a> Scientific study of psychological well-being and relationship satisfaction for participants in polyamory has been limited due to mostly being a "hidden population". While some results could be interpreted as positive, these findings often suffer from bias and methodological issues.<a href="#cite_note-Rubel_Bogaert-68">[67]</a> A significant number of studies rely on <a href="/wiki/Sample_size_determination" title="Sample size determination">small samples</a>, often recruited from referrals, <a href="/wiki/Snowball_sampling" title="Snowball sampling">snowball-sampling</a>, and websites devoted to polyamory.<a href="#cite_note-Rubel_Bogaert-68">[67]</a> Individuals recruited in this manner tend to be relatively homogeneous in terms of values, beliefs, and demographics, which limits the generalizability of the findings. These samples also tend to be <a href="/wiki/Self-selection_bias" title="Self-selection bias">self-selecting</a> toward individuals with positive experiences, whereas those who found polyamory to be distressing or hurtful might be more reluctant to participate in the research.<a href="#cite_note-Rubel_Bogaert-68">[67]</a> Most of the studies rely entirely on <a href="/wiki/Self-report_study" title="Self-report study">self-report measures</a>. Generally, self-reports of the degree of well-being and relationship satisfaction over time are flawed, and are often based on belief rather than actual experience.<a href="#cite_note-Rubel_Bogaert-68">[67]</a> Self-report measures are also at risk of <a href="/wiki/Self-enhancement" title="Self-enhancement">self-enhancement</a> bias, as subjects may feel pressure to give positive responses about their well-being and relationship satisfaction in the face of <a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">stereotype threat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rubel_Bogaert-68">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parenting">Parenting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parenting">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, a <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> court granted guardianship of a child to her grandmother and step-grandfather, after the child's mother April Divilbiss and partners <a href="/wiki/Outing" title="Outing">outed</a> themselves as polyamorous on <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>. After contesting the decision for two years, Divilbiss eventually agreed to relinquish her daughter, acknowledging that she was unable to adequately care for her child and that this, rather than her polyamory, had been the grandparents' real motivation in seeking custody.<a href="#cite_note-society-69">[68]</a> In 2017, three men became the first family in the state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> to have names of three fathers on their child's birth certificate.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In June 2018, a court in <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a> recognized three unmarried adults as legal parents of a child who was born within the polyamorous family they had formed; this was believed to be a first for Canadian law. The three adults included the child's mother and two men; the child's biological father was unknown.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> In November 2020, the issue of polyamory came to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Vermont">Supreme Court of Vermont</a> in the form of a dispute between two men and a woman in a polyamorous relationship.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> In April 2021, a British Columbia Supreme Court justice declared a woman was the third legal parent in a polyamorous "triad".<a href="#cite_note-Labbé_2021-73">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_partnerships">Domestic partnerships</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Domestic partnerships">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, writer <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Ruth_Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebecca Ruth Gould">Rebecca Ruth Gould</a> called for <a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">non-monogamy</a>, including polyamory, to receive "the legal recognition it deserves", saying that polyamory remains a "negative identity".<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In June 2020, the city council of <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>, voted to recognize polyamorous domestic partnerships in the city, becoming the first American city to do so. This measure was passed so that those in a polyamorous relationship would have access to their partners' health insurance amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In March 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> City Council approved an ordinance amending the city's laws, stipulating that "a domestic partnership needn't only include two partners."<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The measure was supported by the Polyamory Legal Advocacy Coalition, also known as PLAC, composed of the Chosen Family Law Center, Harvard Law School LGBTQ+ Advocacy Clinic, and some members on the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>'s Committee on Consensual Non-Monogamy. This ordinance was originally proposed in July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> In April 2021, the adjacent town of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington, Massachusetts</a>, approved domestic partnerships of more than two people through a motion at Town Meeting. Any motion approved at Arlington's Town Meeting is subject to review and approval from the state Attorney General's office;<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> by early January 2022 that office (the office of <a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a>) approved it.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-discrimination_law">Anti-discrimination law</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Anti-discrimination law">edit</a>]</div> People in polyamorous relationships sometimes experience punishment at work when they are open about having multiple partners, such as displaying pictures on their desk.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-86">[85]</a> In 2010, Ann Tweedy, a legal scholar, argued that polyamory could be considered a sexual orientation under existing <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">United States law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> This argument was opposed by Christian Keese, who wrote in 2016 that advocating a "sexual orientation model of polyamory is likely to reduce the complexity and transformative potential of poly intimacies," while also limiting the reach and scope of possible litigation, obstructing the ability of poly activists to form alliances with other groups, and increasing the possibility that poly activists will have to settle for legal solutions which are "exclusive and reproductive of a culture of privilege".<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> In March 2023, the city of <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a> passed an ordinance prohibiting discrimination against polyamorous people in employment and policing.<a href="#cite_note-Goldstein-86">[85]</a> In April 2024, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_City_Council" title="Oakland City Council">Oakland City Council</a> passed legislation banning discrimination based on family and relationship structure in businesses, civil services, and housing.<a href="#cite_note-McClurg_2024-89">[88]</a> In May 2024, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a> passed a law banning discrimination on the basis of relationship and family structure in businesses, city services, and housing.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_implications">Marriage implications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Marriage implications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Group_marriage" title="Group marriage">Group marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_polygamy" title="Legality of polygamy">Legality of polygamy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_polygamy_court_cases" title="List of polygamy court cases">List of polygamy court cases</a></div> Most <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">western</a> countries do not recognize <a href="/wiki/Polygamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygamous">polygamous</a> marriages, and consider <a href="/wiki/Bigamy#Legal_situation" title="Bigamy">bigamy a crime</a>. Several countries also prohibit people from living a polygamous lifestyle. This is the case in some states of the United States where <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_polygamy_in_the_United_States" title="Legality of polygamy in the United States">the criminalization of a polygamous lifestyle</a> originated as <a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">anti-Mormon</a> laws, although they are rarely enforced.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> Having multiple non-marital partners, even if married to one, is legal in most U.S. jurisdictions; at most it constitutes grounds for <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> if the spouse is non-consenting, or feels that the interest in a further partner has destabilized the marriage. In some jurisdictions, like <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, a spouse can sue a third party for causing "loss of affection" in or "criminal conversation" (<a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>) with their spouse,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> while more than twenty states in the US have laws against adultery, although they are infrequently enforced; the Supreme Court's ruling in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas" title="Lawrence v. Texas">Lawrence v. Texas</a> did not explicitly hold such laws to be unconstitutional but its <a href="/wiki/Ratio_decidendi" title="Ratio decidendi">reasoning</a> may imply that conclusion.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Polyamory, however, is on a continuum of family-bonds that includes group marriage<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> and it does not refer to <a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">bigamy</a> as long as no claim to being married in formal legal terms is made.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> The Social History of the American Family: An Encyclopedia (2014, edited by Marilyn J. Coleman and Lawrence H. Ganong) stated that under existing U.S. federal law, a polyamorous relationship is legal in all 50 states while polygamy is not.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> On November 23, 2011, the Supreme Court of British Columbia ruled that the anti-polygamy law of Canada does not affect unformalized polyamorous households; this is why Polyamory Day is celebrated every year on November 23.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-98">[97]</a> Even so, those in polyamorous relationships often face legal challenges when it comes to custody, morality clauses, adultery and bigamy laws, housing, and where they live.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> In 2012, legal scholar Deborah Anapol called for the revision of existing U.S. laws against bigamy to permit married persons to enter into additional marriages, provided that they have first given legal notice to their existing marital partner or partners, with a "dyadic networks" model.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In 2015, another legal scholar, Ronald C. Den Otter, wrote in the Emory Law Journal (in the article "Three May Not Be a Crowd: The Case for a Constitutional Right to Plural Marriage") that in the United States the constitutional rights of <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equal_protection" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal protection">equal protection</a> fully support marriage rights for polyamorous families.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> During a <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a> question-and-answer session in May 2015, Redfern Jon Barrett questioned <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Bennett" title="Natalie Bennett">Natalie Bennett</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">Green Party of England and Wales</a>, about her party's stance toward polyamorous marriage rights. Bennett responded by saying that her party is "open" to discussion on the idea of civil partnership or marriages between three people.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Bennett's announcement aroused media controversy on the topic and led to major international news outlets covering her answer.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> A follow-up article written by Barrett was published by PinkNews on May 4, 2015, further exploring the topic.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> In most countries, it is legal for three or more people to form and share a sexual relationship (subject sometimes to laws against <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a> if two of the three are married). With only minor exceptions no developed countries permit marriage among more than two people, nor do the majority of countries give legal protection (e.g., of rights relating to children) to non-married partners. Individuals involved in polyamorous relationships are generally considered by the law to be no different from people who live together, or "<a href="/wiki/Dating" title="Dating">date</a>", under other circumstances. In 2017, John Alejandro Rodriguez, Victor Hugo Prada, and Manuel Jose Bermudez became <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>'s first polyamorous family to have a legally recognized relationship,<a href="#cite_note-advocate1-106">[105]</a> though not a marriage, as by Colombian law, marriage is between two people, so they instead called it a "special patrimonial union".<a href="#cite_note-Guard01-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> Some have called for <a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">domestic partnership</a> laws to be expanded to include polyamorous couples<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> and have said that marriage-like entitlements should apply to such couples.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevalence">Prevalence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prevalence">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg/220px-Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg/330px-Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg/440px-Polyamory_Pride_at_CSD_Parade_Graz_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Preparations for Polyamory Pride at CSD Parade in <a href="/wiki/Graz,_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Graz, Austria">Graz, Austria</a>, in June 2017</figcaption></figure> Research into the prevalence of polyamory has been limited. A comprehensive government study of sexual attitudes, behaviors and relationships in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1992 (age 18–75, around 50% female and male) found that around 200 out of 2250 (8.9%) respondents "agreed or strongly agreed" with the statement "I could maintain several sexual relationships at the same time" and 8.2% indicated a relationship type "that best suits" at the present stage of life would involve multiple partners. By contrast, when asked about other relationships at the same time as a steady relationship, around 17% stated they had had other partners while in a steady relationship (50% no, 17% yes, 33% refused to answer).<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> The article What Psychology Professionals Should Know About Polyamory (by Geri Weitzman) based on a paper presented at the 8th Annual Diversity Conference in March 1999 in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, states that while openly polyamorous relationships are relatively rare there are "indications that private polyamorous arrangements within relationships are actually quite common."<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> They also note, citing 1983 study of 3,574 married couples in their sample that "15–28% had an understanding that allows nonmonogamy under some circumstances," with percentages are higher among "cohabitating couples (28%), lesbian couples (29%) and gay male couples (65%)." According to Jessica Fern, a psychologist and the author of Polysecure: Attachment, Trauma and Consensual Nonmonogamy, as of September 2020, about 4% of Americans, nearly 16 million people, are "practising a <a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">non-monogamous</a> style of relationship".<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> A study by Amy C. Moors, Amanda N. Gesselman and Justin R. Garcia published on 23 March 2021 and using a sample of 3,438 individuals has shown that 10.7% of the sample were engaged in a polyamorous relationship at some point in their life, and 16.8% reported a desire to try or be in one. The study also revelated a correlation between educational background and polyamory, showing lesser-educated male individuals were more likely to engage or having been engaged in polyamorous relationships. These findings indicate that the number of Americans who have engaged in polyamorous relationships is significantly higher than previously thought.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acceptance_by_religions">Acceptance by religions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Acceptance by religions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fornication" title="Fornication">Fornication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polygamy#Religious_attitudes_to_polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy § Religious attitudes to polygamy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polyandry#Religious_attitudes" title="Polyandry">Polyandry § Religious attitudes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oneida_Commune.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Oneida_Commune.png/220px-Oneida_Commune.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Oneida_Commune.png/330px-Oneida_Commune.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Oneida_Commune.png/440px-Oneida_Commune.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Land of Oneida Community between 1865 and 1875</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Oneida_Community" title="Oneida Community">Oneida Community</a> in the 1800s in New York (a Christian religious commune) believed strongly in a system of <a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">free love</a> known as a <a href="/wiki/Complex_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex marriage">complex marriage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> where any member was free to have sex with any other who consented.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> In 1993, the archives of the community were made available to scholars for the first time. Contained within the archives was the journal of Tirzah Miller,<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Noyes' niece, who wrote extensively about her romantic and sexual relations with other members of Oneida.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> Some Christians are polyamorous, but mainstream Christianity <a href="/wiki/Porneia" class="mw-redirect" title="Porneia">does not accept polyamory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Biblical_Manhood_and_Womanhood" title="Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood">Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood</a>, an evangelical Christian organization, released a manifesto on human sexuality known as the "<a href="/wiki/Nashville_Statement" title="Nashville Statement">Nashville Statement</a>". The statement was signed by 150 evangelical leaders, and includes 14 points of belief.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> Among other things, it states, "We deny that God has designed marriage to be a homosexual, polygamous, or polyamorous relationship."<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Some Jews are polyamorous, but mainstream Judaism does not accept polyamory. However, in 2000, Rabbi Jacob Levin came out as polyamorous to his synagogue's board in California without losing his job as rabbi.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> As well, in his book A Guide to Jewish Practice: Volume 1 – Everyday Living (2011), Rabbi David Teutsch wrote, "It is not obvious that monogamy is automatically a morally higher form of relationship than polygamy," and that if practiced with honesty, flexibility, egalitarian rules, and trust, practitioners may "live enriched lives as a result".<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Kleinbaum" title="Sharon Kleinbaum">Sharon Kleinbaum</a>, the senior rabbi at <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Beit_Simchat_Torah" title="Congregation Beit Simchat Torah">Congregation Beit Simchat Torah</a> in New York, said that polyamory is a choice that does not preclude a Jewishly observant and socially conscious life.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz.com-124">[123]</a> Some polyamorous Jews point to biblical patriarchs having multiple wives and concubines as evidence that polyamorous relationships can be sacred in Judaism.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> An email list is dedicated to polyamorous Jews; it is called AhavaRaba, which roughly translates to "big love" in Hebrew,<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> and which echoes God's "great" or "abounding" love mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Ahava_rabbah" title="Ahava rabbah">Ahava rabbah</a> prayer.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" title="LaVeyan Satanism">LaVeyan Satanism</a> is critical of Abrahamic sexual mores, considering them narrow, restrictive and hypocritical. Satanists are pluralists, accepting polyamorists, bisexuals, lesbians, gays, <a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a>, transgender people, and <a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">asexuals</a>. Sex is viewed as an indulgence, but one that should only be freely entered into with consent. <a href="/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism#The_Eleven_Satanic_Rules_of_the_Earth" title="LaVeyan Satanism">The Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth</a> only give two instructions regarding sex: "Do not make sexual advances unless you are given the mating signal" and "Do not harm little children", though the latter is much broader and encompasses physical and other abuse. This has always been a consistent part of CoS policy since its inception in 1966. Magister Peter H. Gillmore wrote in an essay supporting <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> that some people try to suggest that their attitude on sexuality is "anything goes" even though they have a principle of "responsibility to the responsible".<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalists_for_Polyamory_Awareness" title="Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness">Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness</a>, founded in 2001, has engaged in ongoing education and advocacy for greater understanding and acceptance of polyamory within the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-129">[128]</a> At the 2014 <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_(Unitarian_Universalist_Association)" title="General Assembly (Unitarian Universalist Association)">General Assembly</a>, two UUPA members moved to include the category of "family and relationship structures" in the UUA's nondiscrimination rule, along with other amendments; the package of proposed amendments was ratified by the GA delegates.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acceptance_by_non-religious_organizations">Acceptance by non-religious organizations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Acceptance by non-religious organizations">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, the Association of <a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a> Rabbis issued "A Statement on Sexual Ethics for the 21st Century", which states in part, "We commit to the freedom and empowerment of all adults to full consensual sexual expression, be it monogamous or polyamorous."<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_a_clinical_setting">In a clinical setting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In a clinical setting">edit</a>]</div> In 2002, a paper titled Working with polyamorous clients in the clinical setting (by Joy Davidson) addressed various areas of inquiry. This included the importance of talking about alternatives to monogamy, how therapists can work with those who are exploring polyamory, basic understandings of polyamory, and key issues that therapists need to watch for in the course of working with polyamorous clients. Its conclusions were that "Sweeping changes are occurring in the sexual and relational landscape" (including "dissatisfaction with limitations of serial monogamy, i.e. exchanging one partner for another in the hope of a better outcome"); that clinicians need to start by "recognizing the array of possibilities that 'polyamory' encompasses" and "examine our culturally-based assumption that 'only monogamy is acceptable'" and how this bias impacts on the practice of therapy; the need for self-education about polyamory, basic understandings about the "rewards of the poly lifestyle" and the common social and relationship challenges faced by those involved, and the "shadow side" of polyamory, the potential existing for coercion, strong emotions in opposition, and jealousy. The paper also states that the configurations a therapist would be "most likely to see in practice" are individuals involved in primary-plus arrangements, monogamous couples wishing to explore non-monogamy for the first time, and "poly singles".<a href="#cite_note-davidson-40">[39]</a> In 2002, the rights of polyamorous people were added to the mission of the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Sexual_Freedom" title="National Coalition for Sexual Freedom">National Coalition for Sexual Freedom</a>, an American <a href="/wiki/Sex-positive" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex-positive">sex-positive</a> advocacy and educational organization;<a href="#cite_note-ncsf-132">[131]</a> a manual for psychotherapists who deal with polyamorous clients was published by them in September 2009, called What Psychotherapists Should Know About Polyamory (written by Geri Weitzman and others).<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Sexual_Freedom" title="National Coalition for Sexual Freedom">National Coalition for Sexual Freedom</a> manages the Kink And Poly Aware Professionals Directory, which consists of an Internet directory of psychotherapeutic, medical, and other professionals who have volunteered to be contacted by people who are involved in polyamory (and/or <a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a>, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-OrtmannCommunities2012-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> The Polyamory-Friendly Professionals Directory is a directory on the Internet "of professionals who are sensitive to the unique needs of polyamorous clientele"; it includes psychologists, therapists, medical professionals, and other professionals.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_representation">Media representation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Media representation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_polyamorous_characters" title="List of fictional polyamorous characters">List of fictional polyamorous characters</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_to_2000s">1970s to 2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 1970s to 2000s">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a> is a 1972 novel by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>, a third of which is devoted to describing an alien race in an alien dimension where romantic relationships are usually composed of three individuals and where conception, and orgasm, is only possible during sexual intercourse between all three partners at the same time (i.e., a threesome).<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cosplay_of_Starfire,_Fanime_2015_(18142422915).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg/170px-Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg/255px-Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg/340px-Cosplay_of_Starfire%2C_Fanime_2015_%2818142422915%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption>Cosplay of the superhero Starfire at FanimeCon 2015</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Starfire_(Teen_Titans)" title="Starfire (Teen Titans)">Starfire</a>, also known as Princess Koriand'r, is a fictional <a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">superhero</a> appearing in books published by <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>, who debuted in a <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics_insert_previews" title="DC Comics insert previews">preview story inserted</a> within <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics_Presents" title="DC Comics Presents">DC Comics Presents</a> #26 (October 1980) and was created by <a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%A9rez" title="George Pérez">George Pérez</a>;<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> she was shown to be a polyamorous character. Starfire was raised on the world of Tamaran where it was acceptable to have an <a href="/wiki/Open_marriage" title="Open marriage">open marriage</a>. Some critics argue that after arriving on Earth, she remained sex-positive and free-thinking, remaining open to <a href="/wiki/Polygamous" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygamous">polygamous</a> relationships, open sex, and <a href="/wiki/Pansexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pansexual">pansexual</a> "free-love" with anyone, often leading to conflict with Earth's more reserved culture and customs.<a href="#cite_note-Century-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Starfire_Pansexual-142">[141]</a> For Starfire, polyamory was a personal and cultural preference.<a href="#cite_note-Century-141">[140]</a> In 1989, the anime series <a href="/wiki/Ranma_%C2%BD" title="Ranma ½">Ranma ½</a> included a polyamorous character, Tatewaki, who is in love with both Akane and the "Pigtail Girl" (Ranma's female form) and proposes to date both, but they do not return his feelings.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Freedom" title="A Taste of Freedom">A Taste of Freedom</a>" showed Old Man Waterfall, who is Zoidberg's defense attorney until killed by a giant crab warship, having seven wives and one husband.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> While Waterfall's case for Zoidberg is unsuccessful, the Supreme Court holds polygamy as legal, though this leads to jeers from spectators. The made-for-TV <a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a> film, <a href="/wiki/Futurama:_The_Beast_with_a_Billion_Backs" title="Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs">The Beast with a Billion Backs</a> (published 2008), featured two polyamorous characters: Colleen O'Hallahan and Yivo. Colleen had five boyfriends, Fry, Chu, Ndulu, Schlomo and Bolt Rolands,<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[b]</a> while Yivo is a planet-sized alien with no determinable gender, dating, then marrying all people of the universe at once.<a href="#cite_note-Callan-147">[145]</a> Fry and Colleen eventually break up. Afterwards, Yivo remains in a relationship with Colleen.<a href="#cite_note-Handlen-148">[146]</a> The 21st century brought various new forms of representation of polyamory. In 2007, Daniel Help Justice's book Dreyd featured Tarsa, a priestess, warrior, and bisexual woman, as part of a polyamorous love triad.<a href="#cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">[147]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Nicholls" title="Graham Nicholls">Graham Nicholls</a> founded www.polyamory.org.uk, the United Kingdom's first website about polyamory<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> and the Mom of Pina in Maria Pallotta-Chiarolli's novel, Love You Two was shown to be polyamorous and bisexual, leading Pina on a journey to explore the "complex spectrum of sex and love" in humanity itself.<a href="#cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">[147]</a> In 2010, the series <a href="/wiki/Lost_Girl" title="Lost Girl">Lost Girl</a> began. It included <a href="/wiki/Bo_(Lost_Girl)" title="Bo (Lost Girl)">Bo Dennis</a>, a bisexual <a href="/wiki/Succubus" title="Succubus">succubus</a> which must sustain herself by feeding from the <a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">life force</a> of male and female Fae and humans, via oral intake or the energy created through sex. In the first two seasons she was involved romantically with Dyson (a heterosexual <a href="/wiki/Shapeshifter" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapeshifter">shapeshifter</a>) and Lauren (a <a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">lesbian</a> human). Later on, Bo tried to have a <a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">monogamous</a> relationship with Lauren, with Bo and Lauren remaining in love with each other through ups and downs, and later accepting each other as a couple by the end of the series.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Increased_representation_in_the_2010s">Increased representation in the 2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Increased representation in the 2010s">edit</a>]</div> Polyamorous characters appeared in various media in the 2010s. In the 2010 television show <a href="/wiki/Caprica" title="Caprica">Caprica</a>, several main characters are portrayed as being in a <a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">polyfidelitous</a>-style marriage consisting of multiple men and women, with each member being equal socially and legally.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> From 2012 to 2013, the American <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> series on the American <a href="/wiki/Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television</a> <a href="/wiki/Cable_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable channel">network</a> <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polyamory:_Married_%26_Dating" title="Polyamory: Married & Dating">Polyamory: Married & Dating</a>, was broadcast. It followed polyamorous families as they navigated the challenges presented by polyamory.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> Around the same time, the webcomic Kimchi Cuddles began, which portrayed polyamorous people like other characters, "only with more partners to steal their blankets."<a href="#cite_note-Wong-157">[155]</a> The following years featured a polyamorous captain in Jacqueline Koyanagi's novel, Ascension,<a href="#cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">[147]</a> and three characters (Reese, David, and Amber) in a relationship in <a href="/wiki/Malinda_Lo" title="Malinda Lo">Malinda Lo</a>'s novel, Inheritance.<a href="#cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">[147]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Hotel" title="American Horror Story: Hotel">American Horror Story: Hotel</a> began, with Countess Elizabeth Johnson, played by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, beginning a relationship with famed film actor <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Natacha_Rambova" title="Natacha Rambova">Natacha Rambova</a>, as seen in episode seven.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> The following year, the YouTube show The Gay and Wondrous Life of Caleb Gallo would show a couple working through their decision to convert from monogamy to polyamory,<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> like Brian Jordan Alvarez, who considers himself polyamorous.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> From 2015 to 2017, in the webcomic Always Human by Ari North, the parents of Sunati (Nisa and Prav) were shown to be in a polyamorous relationship with a man named Vish, who Nisa calls "our boyfriend".<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> In another webcomic, Unknown Lands, which began in 2015, Vard is shown to be polyamorous,<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> along with most of the cast having a queer sexual identity. The webcomic itself has environmental, feminist, and LGBTQ+ themes.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> A few years later, the 2017 film <a href="/wiki/Professor_Marston_and_the_Wonder_Women" title="Professor Marston and the Wonder Women">Professor Marston and the Wonder Women</a> focuses on the real-life polyamorous relationship between the professor, psychologist <a href="/wiki/William_Moulton_Marston" title="William Moulton Marston">William Moulton Marston</a> (the creator of <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman" title="Wonder Woman">Wonder Woman</a>), his wife and research partner <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Holloway_Marston" title="Elizabeth Holloway Marston">Elizabeth Holloway Marston</a>, and their student, <a href="/wiki/Olive_Byrne" title="Olive Byrne">Olive Byrne</a>, as they share a "workplace, a bed, a home and eventually a family."<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> Furthermore, fiction writer <a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Clare" title="Cassandra Clare">Cassandra Clare</a> stated that Mark Blackthorn in <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Artifices" title="The Dark Artifices">The Dark Artifices</a> book series would "definitely be open to a polyamorous relationship",<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> but would not cheat or lie, while noting that another such relationship between other characters would not be possible.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> Eventually, he ends up in a polyamorous triangle, with a girlfriend and a boyfriend who are dating each other. Additionally, writer K. Ancrum confirmed that polyamorous characters were in two of her books (The Wicker King and The Weight of the Stars), but did not name any specific characters.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> At the same time, Em, best friend of the protagonist in two books by Leigh Matthews (Don't Bang the Barista and Go Deep) is a bisexual woman dating a man in the first book, but by the second book she has "happily settled into a poly triad", wondering how she will get married.<a href="#cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">[147]</a> On May 29, 2017, in the last season of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Universe" title="Steven Universe">Steven Universe</a>, Fluorite, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Off_Colors" title="Off Colors">Off Colors</a>, a fusion of six different gems into one being, with fusion as the physical manifestation of a relationship, was introduced. This character reappeared in various episodes in the show's fifth season ("Lars Head", "Lars of the Stars", "Your Mother and Mine"), the season 5 finale, "<a href="/wiki/Change_Your_Mind_(Steven_Universe)" title="Change Your Mind (Steven Universe)">Change Your Mind</a>", along with one in <a href="/wiki/Steven_Universe_Future" title="Steven Universe Future">Steven Universe Future</a> ("Little Graduation") and in <a href="/wiki/Steven_Universe:_The_Movie" title="Steven Universe: The Movie">Steven Universe: The Movie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> with the latter two as non-speaking appearances. The series creator, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Sugar" title="Rebecca Sugar">Rebecca Sugar</a>, confirmed that Fluorite is a representation of a polyamorous relationship at the show's <a href="/wiki/Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="Comic Con">Comic Con</a> panel in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tracybrown-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-shamuskelley-170">[168]</a> Sugar said at the panel, and at another conference, that she was inspired after talking with children at an LGBTQ+ center in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach">Long Beach</a>, California, who wanted a polyamorous character in the show.<a href="#cite_note-tracybrown-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-shamuskelley-170">[168]</a> Steven Universe was not alone in this regard. The <a href="/wiki/BoJack_Horseman_season_4" title="BoJack Horseman season 4">fourth season</a> of <a href="/wiki/BoJack_Horseman" title="BoJack Horseman">BoJack Horseman</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Adult_animation_in_the_United_States" title="Adult animation in the United States">mature animated series</a>, featured a character named Hollyhock, the sister of the protagonist, who has eight adoptive fathers<a href="#cite_note-172">[c]</a> in a polyamorous gay relationship.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> The same year, Unicornland premiered, with eight-episode web series focusing on Annie's exploration into polyamory after her divorce.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–present">2018–present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 2018–present">edit</a>]</div> Polyamory was the subject of the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Theroux" title="Louis Theroux">Louis Theroux</a> documentary Love Without Limits, where Theroux travels to <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, to meet a number of people engaged in polyamorous relationships.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> Also in 2018, <a href="/wiki/195_Lewis" title="195 Lewis">195 Lewis</a>, a web series about a <a href="/wiki/Black_lesbian_literature_in_the_United_States" title="Black lesbian literature in the United States">black lesbian</a> couple dealing with their relationship being newly polyamorous,<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> received the Breakthrough Series – Short Form award from the <a href="/wiki/Gotham_Awards" title="Gotham Awards">Gotham Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> The series premiered in 2017 and ran for five episodes.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The same year, the comic Open Earth premiered. The comic is set in the future and monogamous relationships are seen as outdated to all the young people on board the space station, all of whom are polyamorous. Author <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Mirk" title="Sarah Mirk">Sarah Mirk</a> said that she wanted to write a story where "open relationships can be really positive and wonderful" and said that it is realistic to believe that people would "explore multiple relationships".<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry_(TV_series)" title="Trigonometry (TV series)">Trigonometry</a> is an eight-part <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> TV drama series which started on March 15, 2020, and is about an existing couple being joined by a third person and forming a polyamorous relationship. The BBC said that Trigonometry is "A love story about three people who are made for each other."<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> In July 2021, Australian soap opera <a href="/wiki/Neighbours" title="Neighbours">Neighbours</a> explored polyamory with three of its main characters. Actress <a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Stapleton" title="Jacinta Stapleton">Jacinta Stapleton</a> was proud to be involved in the story arc, stating: "I think we should always try to reflect real intimate relationships in our society. Polyamory certainly is a part of that. The more we represent the beautifully diverse nature and uniqueness of humans, the more people will feel accepted and seen."<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polyamory-related_observances">Polyamory-related observances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Polyamory-related observances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg/220px-Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg/330px-Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg/440px-Polyamory_pride_in_San_Francisco_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption>Start of polyamory contingent at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Pride" title="San Francisco Pride">San Francisco Pride</a> 2004</figcaption></figure> Metamour Day is celebrated every year on February 28. It celebrates the relationships people have with their metamours (partners' other significant others, often referred to as metamours or OSOs.<a href="#cite_note-Black_and_Poly_2017-53">[52]</a>)<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> Polyamory Pride Day is celebrated every year on a day in <a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-98">[97]</a> Polyamory groups sometimes participate in <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">pride parades</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> International Solo Polyamory Day is celebrated every year on September 24.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-98">[97]</a> Polyamory Day is celebrated every year on November 23; that day was chosen because on November 23, 2011, the Supreme Court of British Columbia ruled that the anti-polygamy law of Canada does not affect unformalized polyamorous households.<a href="#cite_note-auto3-98">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polyamory_rights_organizations">Polyamory rights organizations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Polyamory rights organizations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridgette_Garozzo,_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG/220px-Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG/330px-Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG/440px-Bridgette_Garozzo%2C_spokesperson_for_the_Polyamory_Action_Lobby.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Bridgette Garozzo, spokesperson for the Polyamory Action Lobby, in May 2013</figcaption></figure> The Canadian Polyamory Advocacy Association (CPAA) was founded in 2009. It "advocates on behalf of Canadians who practice polyamory. It [also] promotes legal, social, government, and institutional acceptance and support of polyamory, and advances the interests of the Canadian polyamorous community generally."<a href="#cite_note-auto2-186">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-187">[184]</a> The Organization for Polyamory and Ethical Non-monogamy (OPEN) was founded in the United States in 2022 as "a nonprofit organization dedicated to normalizing and empowering non-monogamous individuals and communities."<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> The Polyamory Action Lobby (PAL) was founded in 2013 in Australia to fight cultural misconceptions about polyamorous people and to fight for their legal rights.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> The Polyamory Legal Advocacy Coalition (PLAC), based in the United States, "seeks to advance the civil and human rights of polyamorous individuals, communities, and families through legislative advocacy, public policy, and public education."<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> Polyamory Association (UKPA) was founded by Giulia Smith.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> Its mission statement is, “The UK Polyamory Association exists to support the needs of polyamorous people and communities across the UK. We aim to increase public awareness and acceptance of polyamory, and challenge stigma through advocacy, positive representation, and education.”<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalists_for_Polyamory_Awareness" title="Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness">Unitarian Universalists for Polyamory Awareness</a> (UUPA) was founded in 2001. It "has as its mission to serve the Unitarian Universalist Association and the community of polyamorous people within and outside the UUA by providing support, promoting education, and encouraging spiritual wholeness regarding polyamory."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-129">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Opposition">edit</a>]</div> Yasmin Nair, a co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Against_Equality" title="Against Equality">Against Equality</a>, has criticized polyamory. She has stated that polyamorists are not inherently <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a>,<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> and said that the discourse around polyamory is unengaging and not liberating, only <a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">fetishizing</a> a "peculiar form of monogamy...and long-term relationships".<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> In a 2013 article in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Bindel" title="Julie Bindel">Julie Bindel</a> described polyamory a "co-opting and rebranding of polygamy". She argued that contemporary proponents of polyamory often overlooked gender dynamics and characterized it as a choice predominantly made by "overwhelmingly white, affluent, university-educated, and privileged folk".<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> claimed that "widespread acceptance of polyamory could make society worse off" with supposed false notions of <a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">honesty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conor_Friedersdorf" title="Conor Friedersdorf">Conor Friedersdorf</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> in 2015, expressed his opposition to polyamorous <a href="/wiki/Civil_marriage" title="Civil marriage">civil marriages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_practitioners_of_polyamory">Notable practitioners of polyamory</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable practitioners of polyamory">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_polyamorists" title="List of polyamorists">List of polyamorists</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dossie_Easton" title="Dossie Easton">Dossie Easton</a>, co-author of <a href="/wiki/The_Ethical_Slut" title="The Ethical Slut">The Ethical Slut</a> and other works<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terisa_Greenan" title="Terisa Greenan">Terisa Greenan</a>, writer, actress, filmmaker, and creator of <a href="/wiki/Family:_the_web_series" title="Family: the web series">Family: the web series</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurell_K._Hamilton" title="Laurell K. Hamilton">Laurell K. Hamilton</a>, writer, known for <a href="/wiki/Anita_Blake:_Vampire_Hunter" title="Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter">Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Hardy" title="Janet Hardy">Janet Hardy</a>, writer and sex educator, and founder of <a href="/wiki/Greenery_Press" title="Greenery Press">Greenery Press</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Howard" title="Brenda Howard">Brenda Howard</a>, bisexual rights activist<a href="#cite_note-lgbthistorymonth2-206">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Smith" title="Willow Smith">Willow Smith</a>, American musician<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The earliest polyamory pride flag design, created by Jim Evans in 1995.[205] The Greek letter Pi stands for the first letter in the word polyamory. Evans wanted a symbol that could be used without drawing wider attention.[206]"><img alt="The earliest polyamory pride flag design, created by Jim Evans in 1995.[205] The Greek letter Pi stands for the first letter in the word polyamory. Evans wanted a symbol that could be used without drawing wider attention.[206]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/180px-Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/270px-Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/360px-Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The earliest polyamory <a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">pride flag</a> design, created by Jim Evans in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> letter <a href="/wiki/Pi_(letter)" title="Pi (letter)">Pi</a> stands for the first letter in the word polyamory. Evans wanted a symbol that could be used without drawing wider attention.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A polyamory pride flag designed by Red Howell. The design was chosen in 2022, selected from four candidates via an online survey conducted by the blog PolyamProud.[207][208]"><img alt="A polyamory pride flag designed by Red Howell. The design was chosen in 2022, selected from four candidates via an online survey conducted by the blog PolyamProud.[207][208]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/180px-Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/270px-Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg/360px-Tricolor_Polyamory_Pride_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="308" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A polyamory <a href="/wiki/Pride_flag" title="Pride flag">pride flag</a> designed by Red Howell. The design was chosen in 2022, selected from four candidates via an online survey conducted by the blog PolyamProud.<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Polyamory_woven.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "infinity heart" is a widely used symbol of polyamory.[209]"><img alt="The "infinity heart" is a widely used symbol of polyamory.[209]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Polyamory_woven.svg/180px-Polyamory_woven.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Polyamory_woven.svg/270px-Polyamory_woven.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Polyamory_woven.svg/360px-Polyamory_woven.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "infinity heart" is a widely used symbol of polyamory.<a href="#cite_note-ILIC-212">[209]</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a> – Assumption that everyone prospers with an exclusive, romantic relationship</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononormativity" title="Mononormativity">Mononormativity</a> – Social assumption of monogamous normativity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a> – Social movement that accepts all forms of love</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_marriage" title="Group marriage">Group marriage</a> – Three or more adults in a partnership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a> – Sexual behavior involving more than two participants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nage_%C3%A0_trois" title="Ménage à trois">Ménage à trois</a> – Romantic relationship with three partners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">Non-monogamy</a> – Intimate relationship that is not strictly monogamous</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_relationship" title="Open relationship">Open relationship</a> – Interpersonal relationship to form of a non-monogamous relationship</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyamory_in_the_United_States" title="Polyamory in the United States">Polyamory in the United States</a> – Polyamory specifically in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyday" title="Polyday">Polyday</a> – One-day convention/conference held in the UK, celebrating polyamory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a> – Form of non-monogamy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship anarchy</a> – Belief that relationships should be unbound by rules except those with a mutual agreement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a> – Classification of a person's romantic attraction towards others</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexual_orientation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sociosexual orientation">Sociosexual orientation</a> – Difference in the willingness to engage in sexual activity outside of a committed relationshipPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_within_polyamory" title="Terminology within polyamory">Terminology within polyamory</a> – Evolution and meaning of the word "polyamory" and related alternative definitions and concepts</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> The term "triad" for this type of arrangement was coined by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> in his 1972 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Gods_Themselves" title="The Gods Themselves">The Gods Themselves</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Fry breaks up with Colleen and becomes the messenger of Yivo after he states that their relationship is not working out. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> Dashawn Manheim, Steve Mannheim, Jose Guerrero, Cupe Robinson III, Otto Zilberschlag, Arturo "Ice Man" Fonzerelli, Gregory Hsung, and Quackers McQuack </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:3-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlesse2011" class="citation journal cs1">Klesse, C. 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(October 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-polyamorists-next-door/201310/solo-polyamory-singleish-single-poly">"Solo Polyamory, Singleish, Single & Poly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Today" title="Psychology Today">Psychology Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201224202156/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-polyamorists-next-door/201310/solo-polyamory-singleish-single-poly">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=Solo+Polyamory%2C+Singleish%2C+Single+%26+Poly&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft.aulast=Sheff&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog%2Fthe-polyamorists-next-door%2F201310%2Fsolo-polyamory-singleish-single-poly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-46"><a href="#cite_ref-auto5_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodgson2019" class="citation web cs1">Dodgson, Lindsay (February 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/dark-side-of-polyamory-2019-2">"There's a dark side of polyamory that nobody talks about"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Insider_Inc." title="Insider Inc.">Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200625233415/https://www.insider.com/dark-side-of-polyamory-2019-2">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2020. 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Retrieved July 10, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commitment+in+Polyamorous+Relationships&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphroweb.net%2Fpapers%2Fthesis%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZane2020" class="citation web cs1">Zane, Zachary (December 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a34823557/commitment-polyamorous-relationship/">"I'm in a Loving, Committed Relationship. I'm Also Polyamorous"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Health" title="Men's Health">Men's Health</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201216233451/https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a34823557/commitment-polyamorous-relationship/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Men%27s+Health&rft.atitle=I%27m+in+a+Loving%2C+Committed+Relationship.+I%27m+Also+Polyamorous&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft.aulast=Zane&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.menshealth.com%2Fsex-women%2Fa34823557%2Fcommitment-polyamorous-relationship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-polyoz_values-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polyoz_values_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polyoz_values_49-1">b</a> From PolyOz glossary: "Not in the [linguistic roots of the term] but very important is the commitment to honesty with all partners, and openly negotiated ground rules." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://polyoz.scm-rpg.com.au/postnuke2/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=8&meid=-1">Scm-rpg.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090227071434/http://polyoz.scm-rpg.com.au/postnuke2/index.php?module=ContentExpress&func=display&ceid=8&meid=-1">Archived</a> February 27, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-s.org-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s.org_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-s.org_50-1">b</a> From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20160310195736/http://www.sexuality.org/book/">sexuality.org</a>: "Two of the cultural cornerstones of the polyamory community are honesty and communication: it's expected that you and your existing long-term partner(s) will have talked over what you're comfortable with and what you aren't comfortable with, and that nobody is going around behind anyone else's back." </li> <li id="cite_note-mcchal-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcchal_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcchal_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCulloughHall2003" class="citation journal cs1">McCullough, Derek; Hall, David S. (February 27, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210093927/http://www.ejhs.org/volume6/polyamory.htm">"Polyamory – What it is and what it isn't"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Journal_of_Human_Sexuality" title="Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality">Electronic Journal of Human Sexuality</a>. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejhs.org/volume6/polyamory.htm">the original</a> on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+Human+Sexuality&rft.atitle=Polyamory+%E2%80%93+What+it+is+and+what+it+isn%27t&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.au=Hall%2C+David+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejhs.org%2Fvolume6%2Fpolyamory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreet2020" class="citation web cs1">Street, Mikelle (December 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.out.com/music/2020/12/03/yungblud-opens-about-sexuality-talks-male-hookups">"YungBlud Opens Up About Sexuality, Talks Male Hookups"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Out_(magazine)" title="Out (magazine)">Out</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203154115/https://www.out.com/music/2020/12/03/yungblud-opens-about-sexuality-talks-male-hookups">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Out&rft.atitle=YungBlud+Opens+Up+About+Sexuality%2C+Talks+Male+Hookups&rft.date=2020-12-03&rft.aulast=Street&rft.aufirst=Mikelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.out.com%2Fmusic%2F2020%2F12%2F03%2Fyungblud-opens-about-sexuality-talks-male-hookups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black_and_Poly_2017-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black_and_Poly_2017_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_and_Poly_2017_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackandpoly.org/dictionary">"Black and Poly Dictionary"</a>. Black and Poly. November 13, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701004527/http://blackandpoly.org/dictionary/">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+and+Poly&rft.atitle=Black+and+Poly+Dictionary&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblackandpoly.org%2Fdictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttridge2013" class="citation journal cs1">Attridge, Mark (February 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244013476054">"Jealousy and Relationship Closeness"</a>. SAGE Open. 3 (1): 215824401347605. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244013476054">10.1177/2158244013476054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Jealousy+and+Relationship+Closeness&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=215824401347605&rft.date=2013-02-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244013476054&rft.aulast=Attridge&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244013476054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzariniMcDonaldKohutLehmiller2021" class="citation journal cs1">Balzarini, Rhonda N.; McDonald, James N.; Kohut, Taylor; Lehmiller, Justin J.; Holmes, Bjarne M.; Harman, Jennifer J. (May 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-020-01853-1">"Compersion: When Jealousy-Inducing Situations Don't (Just) Induce Jealousy"</a>. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 50 (4): 1311–1324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01853-1">10.1007/s10508-020-01853-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2800">1573-2800</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34041641">34041641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Compersion%3A+When+Jealousy-Inducing+Situations+Don%27t+%28Just%29+Induce+Jealousy&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1311-1324&rft.date=2021-05-01&rft.issn=1573-2800&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34041641&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01853-1&rft.aulast=Balzarini&rft.aufirst=Rhonda+N.&rft.au=McDonald%2C+James+N.&rft.au=Kohut%2C+Taylor&rft.au=Lehmiller%2C+Justin+J.&rft.au=Holmes%2C+Bjarne+M.&rft.au=Harman%2C+Jennifer+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-020-01853-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThouin-SavardFlicker2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Thouin-Savard, Marie I.; Flicker, Sharon M. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_2472-1">"Compersion"</a>. In Shackelford, Todd K. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-08956-5_2472-1">10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_2472-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08956-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08956-5"><bdi>978-3-031-08956-5</bdi></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.familyprocess.org/Data/featured_articles/65_shernoff.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on April 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Family+Process&rft.atitle=Negotiated+nonmonogamy+and+male+couples.&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=407-18&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0014-7370&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17220111&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1545-5300.2006.00179.x&rft.aulast=Shernoff&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familyprocess.org%2FData%2Ffeatured_articles%2F65_shernoff.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleckenstein_Cox_pp._94–116-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Fleckenstein_Cox_pp._94–116_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleckensteinCox2014" class="citation journal cs1">Fleckenstein, James R.; Cox, Derrell W. 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Sexual and Relationship Therapy. 30 (1): 94–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14681994.2014.976997">10.1080/14681994.2014.976997</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1468-1994">1468-1994</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144311126">144311126</a>. <q>Regression analyses suggest that the factors which predict better health and happiness differ between the general population and those who participate in consensually non-exclusive sexual relationships</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexual+and+Relationship+Therapy&rft.atitle=The+association+of+an+open+relationship+orientation+with+health+and+happiness+in+a+sample+of+older+US+adults&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-116&rft.date=2014-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144311126%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1468-1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14681994.2014.976997&rft.aulast=Fleckenstein&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Cox%2C+Derrell+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sizemore-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Sizemore_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSizemoreOlmstead2017" class="citation journal cs1">Sizemore, Kayla M.; Olmstead, Spencer B. (October 6, 2017). "Willingness of Emerging Adults to Engage in Consensual Non-Monogamy: A Mixed-Methods Analysis". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 47 (5): 1423–1438. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10508-017-1075-5">10.1007/s10508-017-1075-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-0002">0004-0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28986760">28986760</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4030065">4030065</a>. <q>The final reason given by those in the 'Willing' group was that their engagement in CNM would be a sacrifice for their partner or for their relationship. 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Retrieved December 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Day&rft.atitle=Law+acknowledging+polyamorous+relationships+takes+step+forward%2C+two+councillors+holding+back&rft.date=2020-07-28&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeday.com%2F2020%2F07%2F28%2Flaw-acknowledging-polyamorous-relationships-takes-step-forward-two-councillors-holding-back%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cambridgema.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=2656&MediaPosition=&ID=12316&CssClass=">"POR 2020 #180 The City Manager be and hereby is requested to confer with the City of Cambridge Law Department to review the above changes to the language of the Domestic Partnerships Ordinance and report back to the Council. Passed to a Second Reading in Council July 27, 2020. To Be Ordained on or After September 14, 2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201214222512/https://cambridgema.iqm2.com/Citizens/Detail_LegiFile.aspx?Frame=&MeetingID=2656&MediaPosition=&ID=12316&CssClass=">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2020. 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Bloomington Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253213624" title="Special:BookSources/9780253213624"><bdi>9780253213624</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/247762494">247762494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desire+and+Duty+at+Oneida%3A+Tirzah+Miller%27s+Intimate+Memoir&rft.place=Bloomington+Indianapolis&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F247762494&rft.isbn=9780253213624&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=Tirzah+Miller&rft.au=Fogarty%2C+Robert+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChmielewski2001" class="citation journal cs1">Chmielewski, Wendy E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mutualcriticism0000onei">"Reviewed work: Desire and Duty at Oneida: Tirzah Miller's Intimate Memoir, Robert S. Fogarty"</a>. Utopian Studies. 12 (1): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mutualcriticism0000onei/page/176">176–178</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815621690" title="Special:BookSources/9780815621690"><bdi>9780815621690</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20718260">20718260</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5542766034">5542766034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Utopian+Studies&rft.atitle=Reviewed+work%3A+Desire+and+Duty+at+Oneida%3A+Tirzah+Miller%27s+Intimate+Memoir%2C+Robert+S.+Fogarty&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=176-178&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5542766034&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20718260%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9780815621690&rft.aulast=Chmielewski&rft.aufirst=Wendy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmutualcriticism0000onei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libchrist.com/bible/polygamy.html">"Multiple intimate relationships: a summary of liberated Christians' views"</a>. Liberated Christians. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015090448/http://www.libchrist.com/bible/polygamy.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liberated+Christians&rft.atitle=Multiple+intimate+relationships%3A+a+summary+of+liberated+Christians%27+views&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libchrist.com%2Fbible%2Fpolygamy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2017" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Holly (August 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/29/evangelical-manifesto-human-sexuality/614201001/">"More than 150 evangelical religious leaders sign 'Christian manifesto' on human sexuality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830024517/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/29/evangelical-manifesto-human-sexuality/614201001/">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=More+than+150+evangelical+religious+leaders+sign+%27Christian+manifesto%27+on+human+sexuality&rft.date=2017-08-29&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2017%2F08%2F29%2Fevangelical-manifesto-human-sexuality%2F614201001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2017" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Holly (August 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/30/what-nashville-statement-and-why-people-talking-it/619009001/">"What is the Nashville Statement and why are people talking about it?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831214949/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/08/30/what-nashville-statement-and-why-people-talking-it/619009001/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Nashville+Statement+and+why+are+people+talking+about+it%3F&rft.pub=USA+Today&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2017%2F08%2F30%2Fwhat-nashville-statement-and-why-people-talking-it%2F619009001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2007" class="citation web cs1">Goldstein, Sarah (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heebmagazine.com/an-unlikely-solution-to-the-vanishing-american-jew/58123">"A Modest Proposal for the "Vanishing American Jew""</a>. Heeb Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819003149/http://heebmagazine.com/an-unlikely-solution-to-the-vanishing-american-jew/58123">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020. <q>Rabbi Jacob Levin, 62, is an exception. When he came out to his synagogue's board seven years ago, his disclosure was met with a mix of confusion and dismay.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heeb+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Modest+Proposal+for+the+%22Vanishing+American+Jew%22&rft.date=2007-02&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheebmagazine.com%2Fan-unlikely-solution-to-the-vanishing-american-jew%2F58123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeutsch2011" class="citation book cs1">Teutsch, David (2011). A Guide to Jewish Practice: Volume 1 – Everyday Living. RRC Press. pp. 217–227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0938945185" title="Special:BookSources/978-0938945185"><bdi>978-0938945185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+Jewish+Practice%3A+Volume+1+%E2%80%93+Everyday+Living&rft.pages=217-227&rft.pub=RRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0938945185&rft.aulast=Teutsch&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz.com-124"><a href="#cite_ref-haaretz.com_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/1.551971">"Polyamorous Jews seek acceptance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. 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Retrieved June 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Married+and+dating%3A+Polyamorous+Jews+share+love%2C+seek+acceptance&rft.date=2013-03-10&rft.aulast=Lavin&rft.aufirst=Talia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2013%2F10%2F10%2Fnews-opinion%2Funited-states%2Fahava-raba-polyamorous-jews-engage-with-multiple-loves-and-their-jewish-traditions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2013/10/10/news-opinion/united-states/ahava-raba-polyamorous-jews-engage-with-multiple-loves-and-their-jewish-traditions#ixzz2hcUsvBTx">"Married and dating: Polyamorous Jews share love, seek acceptance"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. October 10, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131012154959/http://www.jta.org/2013/10/10/news-opinion/united-states/ahava-raba-polyamorous-jews-engage-with-multiple-loves-and-their-jewish-traditions#ixzz2hcUsvBTx">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2013. 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Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Futurama%3A+%22A+Taste+Of+Freedom%22%2F%22Bender+Should+Not+Be+Allowed+On+Television%22&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Handlen&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Ftvclub%2Ffuturama-taste-freedombender-should-not-be-allowed-221359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2008" class="citation news cs1">O'Connor, Stuart (May 16, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604211035/https://screenjabber.com/reviews/futurama_beastbillionbacksDVD/">"Futurama: The Beast With a Billion Backs (DVD)"</a>. ScreenJabber. Archived from the original on June 4, 2017. Retrieved December 24, 2020. <q>Fry decides to move in with Colleen [despite]...after making the horrifying discovery that he is merely one of the five boyfriends she shares her apartment with.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ScreenJabber&rft.atitle=Futurama%3A+The+Beast+With+a+Billion+Backs+%28DVD%29&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenjabber.com%2Freviews%2Ffuturama_beastbillionbacksDVD%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Callan-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Callan_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallan2008" class="citation news cs1">Callan, Jonathan (June 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801025333/https://www.cbr.com/review-futurama-the-beast-with-a-billion-backs/">"REVIEW - Futurama: The Beast with a Billion Backs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Resources" title="Comic Book Resources">CBR</a>. 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Your universe dresses provocatively.""</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBR&rft.atitle=REVIEW+-+Futurama%3A+The+Beast+with+a+Billion+Backs&rft.date=2008-06-25&rft.aulast=Callan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbr.com%2Freview-futurama-the-beast-with-a-billion-backs%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handlen-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Handlen_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHandlen2015" class="citation news cs1">Handlen, Zack (August 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/futurama-the-beast-with-a-billion-backs-1798184720">"Futurama: The Beast With A Billion Backs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. 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Retrieved December 24, 2020. <q>...while it's neat for Fry's relationship to Colleen to eventually end with Yivo deciding Colleen, with her group relationships, is the only person to really understand him, that doesn't make Colleen into a better written character, and it doesn't make Fry's romantic struggles more interesting in their own right.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=Futurama%3A+The+Beast+With+A+Billion+Backs&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft.aulast=Handlen&rft.aufirst=Zack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Ffuturama-the-beast-with-a-billion-backs-1798184720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stepaniuk-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stepaniuk_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stepaniuk_149-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stepaniuk_149-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stepaniuk_149-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stepaniuk_149-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStepaniuk2016" class="citation web cs1">Stepaniuk, Casey (November 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801034800/https://bookriot.com/eight-books-with-queer-polyamorous-characters/">"8 Books with Queer Polyamorous Characters"</a>. 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Retrieved December 24, 2020. <q>Dubbed by fans as the "throuple scene," this unusual sort of tit for tat homoerotic and polyamorous sexuality encapsulates the dynamic humor and sexual fluidity between characters on the show.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Carolinian+%28newspaper%29&rft.atitle=The+Gay+and+Wondrous+Life+of+Caleb+Gallo&rft.date=2016-06-26&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Catie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarolinianuncg.com%2F2017%2F08%2F23%2Fthe-gay-and-wondrous-life-of-caleb-gallo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2016" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Steven J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kancrum.com/book-f-a-q/">the original</a> on October 2, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Author+F.A.Q&rft.pub=K.+Ancrum%27s+official+website&rft.date=2020&rft.au=K.+Ancrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkancrum.com%2Fbook-f-a-q%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Sugar, Rebecca (director), Jones-Quartey, Ian (Writer), Brewster, Miki (Writer), Abrams, Lamar (Writer) (September 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191231185355/https://www.amazon.com/Cartoon-Network-Steven-Universe-Movie/dp/B07W8HR413/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Steven+Universe%3A+The+Movie&qid=1577818294&sr=8-1">Steven Universe: The Movie</a> [Steven Universe: The Movie] (TV Movie). United States: <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a>. Event occurs at 8 PM. B07W8HR413. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Cartoon-Network-Steven-Universe-Movie/dp/B07W8HR413/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Steven+Universe%3A+The+Movie&qid=1577818294&sr=8-1">the original</a> (Prime video) on December 31, 2019. 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Retrieved December 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Steven+Universe%3A+9+Things+We+Learned&rft.date=2017-08-01&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Shamus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fus%2Ftv%2Fsteven-universe%2F266722%2Fsteven-universe-9-things-we-learned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFslai2017" class="citation web cs1">slai (August 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animesuperhero.com/sdcc-2017-steven-universe-panel/">"SDCC 2017: The "Steven Universe" Panel"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotandline.net/hollyhock-bojack-horseman-season-4-456f9384f8b9/">the original</a> on March 27, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2020. <q>The adopted daughter of eight polyamorous fathers, she [Hollyhock] informs him [Bojack] right off the bat that she's not looking for a ninth dad in BoJack—who, thanks to the results of a Todd-facilitated DNA test, she believes to be her biological father.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dot+and+Line&rft.atitle=The+Tricky+Problem+With+Hollyhock+in+%27BoJack+Horseman%27+Season+4&rft.date=2017-09-21&rft.aulast=Nickalls&rft.aufirst=Sammy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdotandline.net%2Fhollyhock-bojack-horseman-season-4-456f9384f8b9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovick2017" class="citation web cs1">Novick, Ilana (April 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507213037/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/vvk5q9/tv-is-finally-starting-to-get-polyamory-right">"TV Is Finally Starting to Get Polyamory Right"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colorlines.com/articles/black-queer-couple-candidly-explores-polyamory-195-lewis">the original</a> on April 17, 2019. 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Retrieved March 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perfect+Bound&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclamormagazine.org%2Fissues%2F17%2Ffeature1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988">, issue 17, 2002 </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slutandsons.com/about/">"about the author"</a>. slutandsons.com. July 14, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706202923/https://slutandsons.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2022. 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April 28, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240117172323/https://www.today.com/popculture/willow-smith-comes-out-polyamorous-red-table-talk-t216783">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2024. Retrieved November 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TODAY.com&rft.atitle=Willow+Smith+comes+out+as+polyamorous+%E2%80%94+and+reveals+the+%27only%27+reason+she%27d+get+married&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fwillow-smith-comes-out-polyamorous-red-table-talk-t216783&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2022" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, Matthias (June 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/06/polyamorous-flag-look-like/">"What does the polyamorous flag look like?"</a>. LGBTQ Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625193539/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/06/polyamorous-flag-look-like/">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.atitle=What+does+the+polyamorous+flag+look+like%3F&rft.date=2022-06-17&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2022%2F06%2Fpolyamorous-flag-look-like%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumer2022" class="citation web cs1">Schumer, Lizz (May 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/g39944774/lgbtq-flags/">"21 LGBTQ Flags and What They Symbolize"</a>. Good Housekeeping. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220623055041/http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/g39944774/lgbtq-flags/">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Good+Housekeeping&rft.atitle=21+LGBTQ+Flags+and+What+They+Symbolize&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft.aulast=Schumer&rft.aufirst=Lizz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goodhousekeeping.com%2Flife%2Fg39944774%2Flgbtq-flags%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebar.com/story.php?321532">"LGBTQ Agenda: New polyamorous flag is revealed"</a>. Bay Area Reporter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bay+Area+Reporter&rft.atitle=LGBTQ+Agenda%3A+New+polyamorous+flag+is+revealed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebar.com%2Fstory.php%3F321532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polyamproud.com/flag/">"New Tricolor Polyamory Pride Flag"</a>. November 23, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123105339/https://www.polyamproud.com/flag/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2022. Retrieved November 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Tricolor+Polyamory+Pride+Flag&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polyamproud.com%2Fflag%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILIC-212"><a href="#cite_ref-ILIC_212-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest,_Alex2001" class="citation web cs1">West, Alex (February 6, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hevanet.com/alexwest/parrots/symbolist.html">"A List of Poly Symbols"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608074130/http://www.hevanet.com/alexwest/parrots/symbolist.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2002. <q>variations on Pi-and-the-three-colors the ILIC symbol ... The symbol that started this category, Jim Evans' Poly Pride Flag. He has put this image in the public domain ... "ILIC" stands for Infinite Love in Infinite Combinations (a reference to Star Trek's IDIC credo --- the D in the Star Trek version stands for "Diversity").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+List+of+Poly+Symbols&rft.date=2001-02-06&rft.au=West%2C+Alex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hevanet.com%2Falexwest%2Fparrots%2Fsymbolist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnapol1997" class="citation book cs1">Anapol, Deborah M. (1997). Polyamory: The New Love Without Limits: Secrets of Sustainable Intimate Relationships. IntiNet Resource Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1880789087" title="Special:BookSources/978-1880789087"><bdi>978-1880789087</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polyamory%3A+The+New+Love+Without+Limits%3A+Secrets+of+Sustainable+Intimate+Relationships&rft.pub=IntiNet+Resource+Center&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1880789087&rft.aulast=Anapol&rft.aufirst=Deborah+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntalffyHouston2016" class="citation journal cs1">Antalffy, Nikó; Houston, Lola D. (2016). "Polyamory". The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118663219.wbegss136">10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wiley+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Gender+and+Sexuality+Studies&rft.atitle=Polyamory&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118663219.wbegss136&rft.aulast=Antalffy&rft.aufirst=Nik%C3%B3&rft.au=Houston%2C+Lola+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkerLangdridge2012" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Meg; Langdridge, Darren (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Understanding-Non-Monogamies/Barker-Langdridge/p/book/9780415652964">Understanding non-monogamies</a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415652964" title="Special:BookSources/9780415652964"><bdi>9780415652964</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/574760499">574760499</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1107788606">1107788606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+non-monogamies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780415652964&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft.au=Langdridge%2C+Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FUnderstanding-Non-Monogamies%2FBarker-Langdridge%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780415652964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunning2022" class="citation book cs1">Brunning, Luke (2022). "Polyamory The Future of Love?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003014331-15/polyamory-luke-brunning">Philosophy of Love in the Past, Present, and Future</a> (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781003014331" title="Special:BookSources/9781003014331"><bdi>9781003014331</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Polyamory+The+Future+of+Love%3F&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Love+in+the+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781003014331&rft.aulast=Brunning&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781003014331-15%2Fpolyamory-luke-brunning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardosoPascoalMaiochi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cardoso, Daniel; Pascoal, Patricia M.; Maiochi, Francisco Hertel (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8321986">"Defining Polyamory: A Thematic Analysis of Lay People's Definitions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Archives_of_Sexual_Behavior" title="Archives of Sexual Behavior">Archives of Sexual Behavior</a>. 50: 1239–1252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10508-021-02002-y">10.1007/s10508-021-02002-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8321986">8321986</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Sexual+Behavior&rft.atitle=Defining+Polyamory%3A+A+Thematic+Analysis+of+Lay+People%E2%80%99s+Definitions&rft.volume=50&rft.pages=1239-1252&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8321986%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10508-021-02002-y&rft.aulast=Cardoso&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Pascoal%2C+Patricia+M.&rft.au=Maiochi%2C+Francisco+Hertel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8321986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dossie_Easton" title="Dossie Easton">Easton, Dossie</a>; <a href="/wiki/Janet_Hardy" title="Janet Hardy">Liszt, Catherine</a> (1997). <a href="/wiki/The_Ethical_Slut" title="The Ethical Slut">The Ethical Slut: A Guide to Infinite Sexual Possibilities</a>. Greenery Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307790484" title="Special:BookSources/9780307790484"><bdi>9780307790484</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/933473102">933473102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ethical+Slut%3A+A+Guide+to+Infinite+Sexual+Possibilities&rft.pub=Greenery+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F933473102&rft.isbn=9780307790484&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Dossie&rft.au=Liszt%2C+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ethicalslut00doss">The Ethical Slut: A Guide to Infinite Sexual Possibilities</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaTarantinoSanner2024" class="citation journal cs1">Gupta, Shivangi; Tarantino, Mari; Sanner, Caroline (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjftr.12546">"A scoping review of research on polyamory and consensual non‐monogamy: Implications for a more inclusive family science"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Family_Theory_%26_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Family Theory & Review">Journal of Family Theory & Review</a>. 16 (2): 151–190. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjftr.12546">10.1111/jftr.12546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Family+Theory+%26+Review&rft.atitle=A+scoping+review+of+research+on+polyamory+and+consensual+non%E2%80%90monogamy%3A+Implications+for+a+more+inclusive+family+science&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-190&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjftr.12546&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Shivangi&rft.au=Tarantino%2C+Mari&rft.au=Sanner%2C+Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fjftr.12546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHnatkovičováBianchi2022" class="citation journal cs1">Hnatkovičová, D.; Bianchi, G. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sexol.2022.03.003">"Model of motivations for engaging in polyamorous relationships"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sexologies" title="Sexologies">Sexologies</a>. 31 (3): 184–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sexol.2022.03.003">10.1016/j.sexol.2022.03.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexologies&rft.atitle=Model+of+motivations+for+engaging+in+polyamorous+relationships&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=184-194&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sexol.2022.03.003&rft.aulast=Hnatkovi%C4%8Dov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Bianchi%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.sexol.2022.03.003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaldera2005" class="citation book cs1">Kaldera, Raven (2005). Pagan Polyamory: Becoming a Tribe of Hearts. Llewellyn Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0738707627" title="Special:BookSources/0738707627"><bdi>0738707627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pagan+Polyamory%3A+Becoming+a+Tribe+of+Hearts&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0738707627&rft.aulast=Kaldera&rft.aufirst=Raven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabriola2010" class="citation book cs1">Labriola, Kathy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116074704/http://www.kathylabriola.com/Love-in-Abundance">Love in Abundance: A Counselor's Advice on Open Relationships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenery_Press" title="Greenery Press">Greenery Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kathylabriola.com/Love-in-Abundance">the original</a> on January 16, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Love+in+Abundance%3A+A+Counselor%27s+Advice+on+Open+Relationships&rft.pub=Greenery+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Labriola&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kathylabriola.com%2FLove-in-Abundance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavenscroft2004" class="citation book cs1">Ravenscroft, Anthony (2004). Polyamory: roadmaps for the clueless and hopeful. Fenris Brothers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1890109533" title="Special:BookSources/1890109533"><bdi>1890109533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polyamory%3A+roadmaps+for+the+clueless+and+hopeful&rft.pub=Fenris+Brothers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1890109533&rft.aulast=Ravenscroft&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbakkenSkrautvolMadsen2022" class="citation journal cs1">Sandbakken, Ella Marie; Skrautvol, Anita; Madsen, Ole Jacob (2022). "'It's my definition of a relationship, even though it doesn't fit yours': living in polyamorous relationships in a mononormative culture". Psychology & Sexuality. 13 (4): 1054–1067. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19419899.2021.1982755">10.1080/19419899.2021.1982755</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+%26+Sexuality&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98It%E2%80%99s+my+definition+of+a+relationship%2C+even+though+it+doesn%E2%80%99t+fit+yours%E2%80%99%3A+living+in+polyamorous+relationships+in+a+mononormative+culture&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1054-1067&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19419899.2021.1982755&rft.aulast=Sandbakken&rft.aufirst=Ella+Marie&rft.au=Skrautvol%2C+Anita&rft.au=Madsen%2C+Ole+Jacob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchippers2019" class="citation book cs1">Schippers, Mimi (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Polyamory-Monogamy-and-American-Dreams-The-Stories-We-Tell-about-Poly/Schippers/p/book/9781138895034">Polyamory, Monogamy, and American Dreams: The Stories We Tell about Poly Lives and the Cultural Production of Inequality</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138895034" title="Special:BookSources/9781138895034"><bdi>9781138895034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polyamory%2C+Monogamy%2C+and+American+Dreams%3A+The+Stories+We+Tell+about+Poly+Lives+and+the+Cultural+Production+of+Inequality&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781138895034&rft.aulast=Schippers&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FPolyamory-Monogamy-and-American-Dreams-The-Stories-We-Tell-about-Poly%2FSchippers%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138895034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2013" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Kate (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150218233450/http://katelstewart.com/books/">The Open Relationship Handbook</a>. Bookbaby. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DRIZL24">B00DRIZL24</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katelstewart.com/books/">the original</a> on February 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Open+Relationship+Handbook&rft.pub=Bookbaby&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00DRIZL24%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkatelstewart.com%2Fbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaormino2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Taormino" title="Tristan Taormino">Taormino, Tristan</a> (2008). Opening Up: A Guide to Creating and Sustaining Open Relationships. San Francisco, Calif: Cleis Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573444972" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573444972"><bdi>978-1573444972</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/701109107">701109107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opening+Up%3A+A+Guide+to+Creating+and+Sustaining+Open+Relationships&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+Calif&rft.pub=Cleis+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F701109107&rft.isbn=978-1573444972&rft.aulast=Taormino&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Jennifer Wilson, "Open Season: The rising popularity of polyamory", <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, 1 & 8 January 2024, pp. 49–52. "A good love affair, when you're inside it, feels like it could change the world. But changing the world takes more than spreading the love; you have to spread the wealth, too. Maybe that's just utopian, hippie nonsense. But what can I say? I'm a romantic." (p. 52.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitzman2019" class="citation book cs1">Weitzman, Geri D. (2019). "Polyamory". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_495">Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy</a>. Cham: Springer. pp. 2233–2236. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-49425-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-49425-8"><bdi>978-3-319-49425-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Polyamory&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Couple+and+Family+Therapy&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=2233-2236&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-319-49425-8&rft.aulast=Weitzman&rft.aufirst=Geri+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-49425-8_495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolyamory" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Polyamory at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Polyamory" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Polyamory">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Polyamory" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Polyamory">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Polyamory" class="extiw" title="q:Polyamory">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li></ul></div></div> </div> Polyamory-related media <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtdsZ8B7JQY">TEDx Talk: Polyamory</a></li></ul> Polyamory-related media coverage <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://polyinthemedia.blogspot.com/">Polyamory in the News</a> (2005–present)</li></ul> Research and articles <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114000025/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/haslam.html">The Kenneth R. Haslam Collection on Polyamory</a> hosted at the <a href="/wiki/Kinsey_Institute_for_Research_in_Sex,_Gender,_and_Reproduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction">Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction</a> includes a wide variety of materials related to polyamory, along with research data.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722071434/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/Pdf/Polyamory%20Bibliography.pdf">Polyamory Bibliography</a> from the Kinsey Institute.</li></ul> Guides <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paganicon.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/A-Boquet-of-Lovers.pdf">A Bouquet of Lovers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925190807/https://paganicon.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/A-Boquet-of-Lovers.pdf">Archived</a> September 25, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Example of prescriptive use of primary/secondary terminology</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interpersonal_relationships" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interpersonal_relationships" title="Template:Interpersonal relationships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Interpersonal_relationships" title="Template talk:Interpersonal relationships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Interpersonal_relationships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Interpersonal relationships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Interpersonal_relationships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">Interpersonal relationships</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boyfriend" title="Boyfriend">Boyfriend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girlfriend" title="Girlfriend">Girlfriend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">Cohabitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Significant_other" title="Significant other">Significant other</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_partnership" title="Domestic partnership">Domestic partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_relationship" title="Same-sex relationship">Same-sex relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogamy" title="Monogamy">Monogamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husband" title="Husband">Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife" title="Wife">Wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulmate" title="Soulmate">Soulmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">Widowhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-monogamy" title="Non-monogamy">Non-monogamy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_relationship" title="Open relationship">Open relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_marriage" title="Open marriage">Open marriage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">Concubinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistress_(lover)" title="Mistress (lover)">Mistress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual sex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casual_dating" title="Casual dating">Casual dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_with_benefits_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends with benefits relationships">Friends with benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enjo_k%C5%8Dsai" title="Enjo kōsai">Enjo kōsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_partner" title="Sexual partner">Sexual partner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-night_stand" title="One-night stand">One-night stand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtesan" title="Courtesan">Courtesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigolo" title="Gigolo">Gigolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_dating" title="Sugar dating">Sugar dating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-romantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquaintance" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquaintance">Acquaintance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy" title="Enemy">Enemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship" title="Friendship">Friendship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">Kinship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibling" title="Sibling">Siblings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship" title="Queerplatonic relationship">Queerplatonic relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger" title="Stranger">Stranger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Familiar_stranger" title="Familiar stranger">Familiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequential_stranger" class="mw-redirect" title="Consequential stranger">Consequential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sycophancy" title="Sycophancy">Sycophancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cicisbeo" title="Cicisbeo">Cicisbeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraglio_(harem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraglio (harem)">Seraglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_%C3%A0_la_fa%C3%A7on_du_pays" title="Marriage à la façon du pays">Marriage à la façon du pays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_mistress" title="Royal mistress">Royal mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite">Royal favorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresse-en-titre" title="Maîtresse-en-titre">Maîtresse-en-titre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_friendship" title="Romantic friendship">Romantic friendship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_bonding" title="Human bonding">Bonding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courtship" title="Courtship">Courtship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating" title="Dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mating_strategies" title="Human mating strategies">Mating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup" title="Breakup">Breakup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulment" title="Annulment">Annulment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li>Separation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_separation" title="Legal separation">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marital_separation" title="Marital separation">Marital</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meet_market" title="Meet market">Meet market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singles_event" title="Singles event">Singles event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Wedding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emotions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_(sociology)" title="Affinity (sociology)">Affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_in_adults" title="Attachment in adults">Attachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compersion" class="mw-redirect" title="Compersion">Compersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Intimacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jealousy" title="Jealousy">Jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limerence" title="Limerence">Limerence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_(emotion)" title="Passion (emotion)">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_love" title="Unconditional love">Unconditional love</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bride_price" title="Bride price">Bride price</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">Dower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">Dowry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_digger" title="Gold digger">Gold digging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infidelity" title="Infidelity">Infidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_transgression" title="Relational transgression">Transgression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">Abuse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_violence" title="Dating violence">Dating violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_abuse" title="Elder abuse">Elder abuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Close_plural_relationships" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Close_plural_relationships" title="Template:Close plural relationships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Close_plural_relationships" title="Template talk:Close plural relationships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Close_plural_relationships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Close plural relationships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Close_plural_relationships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Close plural relationships</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">Bigamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_marriage" title="Group marriage">Group marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_marriage" title="Open marriage">Open marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_relationship" title="Open relationship">Open relationship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyandry" title="Polyandry">Polyandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyfidelity" title="Polyfidelity">Polyfidelity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygynandry" title="Polygynandry">Polygynandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny" title="Polygyny">Polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_anarchy" title="Relationship anarchy">Relationship anarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combined_marriage" title="Combined marriage">Combined marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Christianity" title="Polygamy in Christianity">Polygamy in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_North_America" title="Polygamy in North America">Polygamy in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">Polygyny in Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mormonism_and_polygamy" title="Mormonism and polygamy">LDS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-Day_Saints" title="Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints">FLDS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Latter_Day_Saint_polygamy" title="Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_state_of_polygamy_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Current state of polygamy in the Latter Day Saint movement">Current state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latter_Day_Saint_practitioners_of_plural_marriage" title="List of Latter Day Saint practitioners of plural marriage">List of practitioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_marriage" title="Celestial marriage">Celestial marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealing_(Mormonism)" title="Sealing (Mormonism)">Sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_wifery" title="Spiritual wifery">Spiritual wifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placement_marriage" title="Placement marriage">Placement marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_boys_(Mormon_fundamentalism)" title="Lost boys (Mormon fundamentalism)">Lost boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_czar" title="Polygamy czar">Polygamy czar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polycule" title="Polycule">Polycule</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Compersion">Compersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_relationship_energy" title="New relationship energy">New relationship energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_(polyamory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary and secondary (polyamory)">Primary and secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_within_polyamory" title="Terminology within polyamory">Terminology within polyamory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_sexuality" title="Template talk:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_sexuality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human sexuality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_sexuality_and_sexology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">Human sexuality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">sexology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_relationship" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual relationship">Sexual relationship</a> phenomena</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictosexuality" title="Fictosexuality">Fictosexuality</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexuality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_dating" title="Casual dating">Casual relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_sex" title="Casual sex">Casual sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">Celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Love_shyness" class="mw-redirect" title="Love shyness">Love shyness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celibacy_syndrome" title="Celibacy syndrome">Celibacy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbivore_men" title="Herbivore men">Herbivore men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committed_relationship" title="Committed relationship">Committed relationship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_with_benefits_relationships" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends with benefits relationships">Friends with benefits relationships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-night_stand" title="One-night stand">One-night stand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_promiscuity" title="Female promiscuity">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romantic love</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_life" title="Sex life">Sex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_partner" title="Sexual partner">Sexual partner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_person" title="Single person">Single person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Sexual dynamics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypergamy" title="Hypergamy">Hypergamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_attractiveness" title="Physical attractiveness">Physical attractiveness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_frustration" title="Sexual frustration">Sexual frustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_female_sexuality" title="Human female sexuality">Human female sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_male_sexuality" title="Human male sexuality">Human male sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">Right to sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexecology" title="Sexecology">Sexecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">Sexual and reproductive health and rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Addicts_Anonymous" title="Sex Addicts Anonymous">Sex Addicts Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_jealousy" title="Sexual jealousy">Sexual jealousy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_norm" title="Sexual norm">Sexual norm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_v._Georgia" title="Stanley v. Georgia">Stanley v. Georgia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sex" title="Template:Sex"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sex" title="Template talk:Sex"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sex" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sex"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outline_of_human_sexuality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_human_sexuality" title="Outline of human sexuality">Outline</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">human sexuality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">Physiology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_erection" title="Clitoral erection">Clitoral erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erogenous_zone" title="Erogenous zone">Erogenous zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insemination" title="Insemination">Insemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">Libido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnal_emission" title="Nocturnal emission">Nocturnal emission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_ejaculation" title="Female ejaculation">Female</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ejaculation" title="Ejaculation">male ejaculation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_thrust" title="Pelvic thrust">Pelvic thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">Penile erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-ejaculate" title="Pre-ejaculate">Pre-ejaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_arousal" title="Sexual arousal">Sexual arousal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle" title="Human sexual response cycle">Sexual response cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_stimulation" title="Sexual stimulation">Sexual stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_lubrication" title="Vaginal lubrication">Vaginal lubrication</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masters_and_Johnson" title="Masters and Johnson">Masters and Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_and_sexuality" title="Obesity and sexuality">Obesity and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_therapy" title="Sex therapy">Sex therapy</a> (<a href="/wiki/PLISSIT_model" title="PLISSIT model">PLISSIT model</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexology" title="Sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_dysfunction" title="Sexual dysfunction">Sexual dysfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction" title="Erectile dysfunction">Erectile dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypersexuality" title="Hypersexuality">Hypersexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoactive_sexual_desire_disorder" title="Hypoactive sexual desire disorder">Hyposexuality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_surrogate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual surrogate">Sexual surrogate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">Sexually transmitted infection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_diversity" title="Sexual diversity">diversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Men who have sex with men">Men who have sex with men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women" title="Women who have sex with women">Women who have sex with women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_law" title="Sex and the law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_transmission_of_HIV" title="Criminal transmission of HIV">Criminal transmission of HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">Child sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indecent_exposure" title="Indecent exposure">Indecent exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">Obscenity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">Cybersex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" title="Sex trafficking">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">Sexual misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slavery" title="Sexual slavery">Sexual slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">Sexual violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenge_pornography" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenge pornography">Revenge pornography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_sexuality" title="History of human sexuality">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Movie" title="Blue Movie">Blue Movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Porn" title="Golden Age of Porn">Golden Age of Porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_erotic_depictions" title="History of erotic depictions">History of erotic depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">Sexual revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intimate_relationship" title="Intimate relationship">Relationships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Anarchism and love/sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">Extramarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flirting" title="Flirting">Flirting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm_gap" title="Orgasm gap">Orgasm gap</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polyamory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premarital_sex" title="Premarital sex">Premarital sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promiscuity" title="Promiscuity">Promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_(love)" title="Romance (love)">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">Sex-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">Sexual abstinence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">Sexual addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_attraction" title="Sexual attraction">Sexual attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_capital" title="Sexual capital">Sexual capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_ethics" title="Sexual ethics">Sexual ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_repression" title="Sexual repression">Sexual repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_slang" title="Sexual slang">Sexual slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexuality_by_country" title="Category:Sexuality by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sexuality in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_Philippines" title="Sexuality in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_South_Korea" title="Sexuality in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">Sexual activities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conventional_sex" title="Conventional sex">Conventional sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">Anal sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareback_(sexual_act)" title="Bareback (sexual act)">Bareback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDSM" title="BDSM">BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexuality" title="Child sexuality">Child sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creampie_(sexual_act)" title="Creampie (sexual act)">Creampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edging_(sexual_practice)" title="Edging (sexual practice)">Edging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_sexual_denial" title="Erotic sexual denial">Erotic sexual denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_(sexual_act)" title="Facial (sexual act)">Facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisting" title="Fisting">Fisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_fetishism" title="Foot fetishism">Foot fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footjob" title="Footjob">Footjob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_orgasm" title="Forced orgasm">Forced orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frot" title="Frot">Frot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_bang" title="Gang bang">Gang bang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_sex" title="Group sex">Group sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammary_intercourse" title="Mammary intercourse">Mammary intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex#Manual_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Manual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)#Anus" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Anal fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(sexual_act)" title="Fingering (sexual act)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handjob" title="Handjob">Handjob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masturbation" title="Masturbation">Masturbation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics_of_human_sexuality" title="Mechanics of human sexuality">Mechanics of sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_stimulation" title="Nipple stimulation">Nipple stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-penetrative_sex" title="Non-penetrative sex">Non-penetrative sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_sex" title="Oral sex">Oral sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69_(sex_position)" title="69 (sex position)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anilingus" title="Anilingus">Anilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunnilingus" title="Cunnilingus">Cunnilingus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellatio" title="Fellatio">Fellatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrumatio" title="Irrumatio">Irrumatio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraphilia" title="Paraphilia">Paraphilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompoir" title="Pompoir">Pompoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quickie_(sex)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quickie (sex)">Quickie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexercise" title="Sexercise">Sexercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_space" title="Sex in space">Sex in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_position" title="Sex position">Sex positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fantasy" title="Sexual fantasy">Sexual fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_fetishism" title="Sexual fetishism">Sexual fetishism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreplay" title="Foreplay">Foreplay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_penetration" title="Sexual penetration">Sexual penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumata">Sumata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_(sexual_practice)" title="Swinging (sexual practice)">Swinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribadism" title="Tribadism">Tribadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_intercourse" title="Urethral intercourse">Urethral intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urolagnia" title="Urolagnia">Urolagnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_sex" title="Virtual sex">Virtual sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybersex" title="Cybersex">Cybersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_talk" title="Erotic talk">Erotic talk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_T-shirt_contest" title="Wet T-shirt contest">Wet T-shirt contest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_nudity_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex and nudity in video games">Adult video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">Erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">Film actor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_sex" title="Survival sex">Survival sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">Red-light district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sex_museums" title="List of sex museums">Sex museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">Sex shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_tourism" title="Sex tourism">Sex tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_sex_tourism" title="Child sex tourism">Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_sex_tourism" title="Female sex tourism">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_worker" title="Sex worker">Sex worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_toy" title="Sex toy">Sex toy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_doll" title="Sex doll">Doll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">Strip club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webcam_model" title="Webcam model">Webcam model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_sexuality" title="Religion and sexuality">Religion and sexuality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_sexuality" title="Buddhism and sexuality">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and sexuality">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Christian_demonology" title="Sexuality in Christian demonology">Christian demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">Clerical celibacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monasticism" title="Buddhist monasticism">Buddhist monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Hindu monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_monasticism" title="Jain monasticism">Jain monasticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_sexual_practices" title="Taoist sexual practices">Daoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_sexuality" title="Judaism and sexuality">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and LGBT people">LGBT people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups" title="LGBT-affirming religious groups">LGBT-affirming religious groups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_Mormonism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexuality and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution" title="Sacred prostitution">Sacred prostitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_prostitution_in_ancient_Greece" title="Sacred prostitution in ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Bisexuality_symbol_(bold,_color).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/16px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/24px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg/32px-Bisexuality_symbol_%28bold%2C_color%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="16" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Human_sexuality" title="Portal:Human sexuality">Human sexuality portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gender_and_sexual_identities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Template:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Template talk:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gender and sexual identities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gender_and_sexual_identities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">sexual</a> identities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Genders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man" title="Man">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman" title="Woman">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgyny#Gender_identity" title="Androgyny">Androgyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boi_(slang)" title="Boi (slang)">Boi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dresser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femboy" title="Femboy">Femboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bender" title="Gender bender">Gender bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_fluidity" title="Gender fluidity">Gender fluidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">Gender variance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculine_of_center" title="Masculine of center">Masculine of center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary / genderqueer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akava%27ine" title="Akava'ine">Akava'ine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_man" title="Trans man">Trans man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_woman" title="Trans woman">Trans woman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB" title="Fakaleitī">Fakaleitī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mak_nyah" title="Mak nyah">Mak nyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rae-rae" title="Rae-rae">Rae-rae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transsexual" title="Transsexual">Transsexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Third_gender" title="Third gender">Third genders</a> and sexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgynos" title="Androgynos">Androgynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apwint" title="Apwint">Apwint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakla" title="Bakla">Bakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binabinaaine" title="Binabinaaine">Binabinaaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bugis_society" title="Gender in Bugis society">Bugis genders</a> <ul><li>Bissu</li> <li>Calabai</li> <li>Calalai</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibados" title="Chibados">Chibados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enaree" title="Enaree">Enaree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">Eunuch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galli" title="Galli">Galli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%27afafine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'afafine">Fa'afafine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakafifine" title="Fakafifine">Fakafifine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femminiello" title="Femminiello">Femminiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCevedoce" title="Güevedoce">Güevedoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathoey" title="Kathoey">Kathoey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Köçek">Köçek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekchuch" title="Koekchuch">Koekchuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhamana" title="Lhamana">Lhamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB" title="Māhū">Māhū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudoko_dako" title="Mudoko dako">Mudoko dako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhannathun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhannathun">Mukhannathun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muxe" title="Muxe">Muxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dleehi" title="Nádleehi">Nádleehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullo_(body_modification)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nullo (body modification)">Nullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palopa" title="Palopa">Palopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipiniq" title="Sipiniq">Sipiniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">Travesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumtum_(Judaism)" title="Tumtum (Judaism)">Tumtum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakasalewalewa" title="Vakasalewalewa">Vakasalewalewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winkte" title="Winkte">Winkte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-gender" title="X-gender">X-gender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">Sexual orientation identities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">Sexual orientations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asexuality" title="Asexuality">Asexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">Bisexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">Heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">Homosexual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Alternative labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjee" title="Banjee">Banjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi-curious" title="Bi-curious">Bi-curious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-gay_movement" title="Ex-gay movement">Ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-ex-gay" title="Ex-ex-gay">Ex-ex-gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">Gay men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_asexuality" title="Gray asexuality">Gray asexual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demisexuality" title="Demisexuality">Demisexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteroflexibility" title="Heteroflexibility">Heteroflexible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanith" title="Khanith">Khanith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian" title="Lesbian">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexual" title="Non-heterosexual">Non-heterosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pansexuality" title="Pansexuality">Pansexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Polysexuality">Polysexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer" title="Queer">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questioning_(sexuality_and_gender)" title="Questioning (sexuality and gender)">Questioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same_gender_loving" title="Same gender loving">Same gender loving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takat%C4%81pui" title="Takatāpui">Takatāpui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sociosexuality" title="Sociosexuality">Sociosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisexualism" title="Antisexualism">Antisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asociality" title="Asociality">Asociality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosociality" title="Homosociality">Homosociality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosociality" title="Heterosociality">Heterosociality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achillean" title="Achillean">Achillean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allosexuality" title="Allosexuality">Allosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analloeroticism" title="Analloeroticism">Analloeroticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androphilia_and_gynephilia" title="Androphilia and gynephilia">Androphilia and gynephilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanticism" title="Aromanticism">Aromanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attraction_to_transgender_people" title="Attraction to transgender people">Attraction to transgender people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinsey_scale" title="Kinsey scale">Kinsey scale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosexuality" title="Monosexuality">Monosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurisexuality" title="Plurisexuality">Plurisexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_orientation" title="Romantic orientation">Romantic orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphism" title="Sapphism">Sapphism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_assignment" title="Sex assignment">Gender assignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality" title="Queer heterosexuality">Queer heterosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_as_a_biological_variable" title="Sex as a biological variable">Sex as a biological variable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction" title="Sex–gender distinction">Sex–gender distinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures" title="Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures">Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_attraction_model" title="Split attraction model">Split attraction model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_archaeology" title="Transgender archaeology">Transgender archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&oldid=1258325930">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polyamory&oldid=1258325930</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interpersonal_relationships" title="Category:Interpersonal relationships">Interpersonal relationships</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intimate_relationships" title="Category:Intimate 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