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id="toc-English_nickname" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_nickname"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>English nickname</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_nickname-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Japanese name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brewing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brewing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Brewing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brewing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Commercial production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_beverages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_beverages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Similar beverages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_beverages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Makgeolli</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makqolli" title="Makqolli – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Makqolli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makolio" title="Makolio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makolio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="ماکولی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکولی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EA%B1%B8%EB%A6%AC" title="막걸리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막걸리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB" title="Մակոլի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակոլի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkolli" title="Makkolli – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Makkolli" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="ماكجولى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكجولى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE" title="မက်ဂေါ်လီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဂေါ်လီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AA" title="マッコリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マッコリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Макколли – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макколли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="มักก็อลลี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มักก็อลลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Макколлі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макколлі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Makgeolli" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9" title="馬格利 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Korean raw rice wine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient"><i>Makgeolli</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Makgeolli_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Makgeolli_2.jpg/220px-Makgeolli_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Makgeolli_2.jpg/330px-Makgeolli_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Makgeolli_2.jpg/440px-Makgeolli_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A bowl of <i>makgeolli</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1_BC" title="1 BC">1 BC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a> </span></th><td class="infobox-data">6–9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">Milky, off-white</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flavor</th><td class="infobox-data">Ricey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nuruk" title="Nuruk">nuruk</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (beverage)">Cheongju</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">nigori</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">choujiu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Zutho" title="Zutho">zutho</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>Korean name</b></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">막걸리</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">makgeolli</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">makkŏlli</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[mak.k͈ʌl.li]</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Opaque wine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">탁주</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">濁酒</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">takju</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">t'akchu</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[tʰak̚.t͈ɕu]</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Farmer's wine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">농주</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline; font-size: 1rem;"><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">農酒</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">Revised Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Revised Romanization of Korean transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">nongju</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">McCune–Reischauer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="McCune–Reischauer transliteration"><i lang="ko-Latn">nongju</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[noŋ.dʑu]</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Makgeolli</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">막걸리</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> raw rice wine; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ko-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">[mak.k͈ʌɭɭi]</a></span>), sometimes anglicized to <b>makkoli</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-ODE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">MAK</span>-ə-lee</i></a>), is a <a href="/wiki/Korean_alcoholic_drinks" title="Korean alcoholic drinks">Korean alcoholic drink</a>. It is a milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a> that has a slight viscosity, and tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jung_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a low proof drink of six to nine percent <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than <a href="/wiki/Hard_liquor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard liquor">hard liquor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Korea, <i>makgeolli</i> is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the short <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a> of unpasteurized "draft" <i>makgeolli</i>, many exported <i>makgeolli</i> undergo <a href="/wiki/Pasteurization" title="Pasteurization">pasteurization</a>, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas have been added to makgeolli to create forms with new flavours.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>makgeolli</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">막걸리</span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a>, consisting of <i>mak</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">막</span></span>; "roughly, recklessly, carelessly") and a <a href="/wiki/Deverbal_noun" title="Deverbal noun">deverbal noun</a> derived from the verb stem <i>georeu-</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">거르-</span></span>; "to strain, to sift, to filter") to which is added a noun-forming <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <i>-i</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">-이</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-SKLD_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKLD-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of its cloudy appearance, <i>makgeolli</i> is also called <i><b>takju</b></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">탁주</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">濁酒</span></span>), meaning "opaque wine", as opposed to the refined, transparent <i><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (beverage)">cheongju</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">청주</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">淸酒</span></span>), meaning "clear wine".<sup id="cite_ref-SKLD_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKLD-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another name for <i>makgeolli</i> is <i><b>nongju</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">농주</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">農酒</span></span>), meaning "agricultural wine" or "farmer's wine", reflecting the traditional popularity of the beverage among <a href="/wiki/Farmer" title="Farmer">farmers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rane_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rane-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_nickname">English nickname</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: English nickname"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, the South Korean <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Food,_Agriculture,_Forestry_and_Fisheries_(South_Korea)" title="Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (South Korea)">Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries</a> announced "drunken rice" as the winning entry in a competition to find an English nickname for <i>makgeolli</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Makcohol" (makgeolli + alcohol) and "Markelixir" (makgeolli + elixir) were among the runners-up.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KH_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five-member panel reasoned that the chosen name would communicate the product's identity as a rice liquor and evoke associations with its ambassadors, the popular <a href="/wiki/Korean_hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean hip-hop">Korean hip-hop</a> group <a href="/wiki/Drunken_Tiger" title="Drunken Tiger">Drunken Tiger</a>. This met with a cool reception from the Korean public, with objections relating to translation of the noun <i>makgeolli</i>, felt to be unnecessary, and to the negative connotations of the word "drunken".<sup id="cite_ref-KH_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KH-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scottish band Colonel Mustard & The Dijon 5, playing at the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">DMZ</a> Peace Train Festival in 2018, called <i>makgeolli</i> 'Fight Milk', or 'Korean <a href="/wiki/Buckfast_Tonic_Wine" title="Buckfast Tonic Wine">Buckfast</a>'. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_name">Japanese name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Japanese name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, Korean importers in Japan began producing <i>makgeolli</i> products, promoting them with the name <i>makkori</i>, the Japanese pronunciation of <i>makgeolli</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joins_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joins-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, several Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a></i> companies, including <a href="/wiki/Gekkeikan" title="Gekkeikan">Gekkeikan</a> and Tatenokawa, launched cloudy rice wines under the name <i>makkori</i>, and announced plans to export the products to Asia, America, and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concerns were raised in Korea that this could lead to <i>makgeolli</i> being mistakenly regarded as traditionally Japanese rather than Korean, as had happened in the <a href="/wiki/Kimchi#1996_kimchi_standard_dispute_with_Japan" title="Kimchi">1996 kimchi-kimuchi case</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Makgeolli</i> is the oldest alcoholic beverage in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jung_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rice wine has been brewed since the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms</a> era, which ran from the 1st century BCE to the 7th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The consumption of rice wine during the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Dongmyeong_of_Goguryeo" title="Dongmyeong of Goguryeo">Dongmyeong</a> (37–19 BCE) is mentioned in the founding story of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Jewang_ungi" title="Jewang ungi">Jewang ungi</a></i> (Songs of Emperors and Kings), a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Goryeo" title="Goryeo">Goryeo</a> Korean book.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are a number of other early records mentioning rice wine in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Peninsula">Korean Peninsula</a>. The Goryeo Korean book <i><a href="/wiki/Samguk_yusa" title="Samguk yusa">Samguk yusa</a></i> (Memorabilia of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea" title="Three Kingdoms of Korea">Three Kingdoms</a>) mentions the brewing of <i>yorye</i> (<span title="Literary Chinese-language text"><span lang="lzh">醪醴</span></span>, "cloudy rice wine") in the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Silla" title="Silla">Silla</a> for <a href="/wiki/King_Suro" class="mw-redirect" title="King Suro">King Suro</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">Gaya</a> by his seventeenth-generation descendant in 661, in its section entitled <i>Garakguk gi</i> (Record of the <a href="/wiki/Gaya_confederacy" title="Gaya confederacy">State of Garak</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Il-yeon_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Il-yeon-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(265%E2%80%93420)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (265–420)">Jin Chinese</a> book <i><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81ngu%C3%B3zh%C3%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sānguózhì">Sānguózhì</a></i> (Records of the Three Kingdoms), the section <i><a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a></i> (Eastern Foreigners) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Wei_Shu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wei Shu">Wei Shu</a></i> (Book of Wei) contains the observation that "the <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo Koreans</a> are skilled in making fermented foods such as wine, <a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">soybean paste</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeotgal" title="Jeotgal">salted</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhae" title="Sikhae">fermented fish</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Chen_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka Japanese</a> book <i><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></i> (Records of Ancient Matters) makes reference in the section entitled <i>Ōjin-tennō</i> (Emperor Ōjin) to a man named <i>Inbeon</i> (<span title="Literary Chinese-language text"><span lang="lzh">仁番</span></span>) from the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje">Baekje</a> being taught how to brew wine.<sup id="cite_ref-O_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the poem <i>Gōngzishí</i> (<span title="Literary Chinese-language text"><span lang="lzh">公子時</span></span>), by the <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang Chinese</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Li_Shangyin" title="Li Shangyin">Li Shangyin</a>, refers to Silla wine (<span title="Literary Chinese-language text"><span lang="lzh">新羅酒</span></span>) made with non-glutinous rice.<sup id="cite_ref-DE_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Goryeo dynasty, <i>makgeolli</i> was called <i>ihwa-ju</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">이화주</span></span>; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">梨花酒</span></span>, pear blossom alcohol), as the liquor was made when the pear trees were in blossom.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was associated in many communities in Korea around that time with a tradition of all-night drinking and dancing in special ceremonies. <i>Makgeolli</i> was brewed at home for centuries<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was considered a "farmer's wine", or rural working-class beverage.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">period of Japanese rule of Korea</a> (1910-1945), the colonial government introduced a licensing system and taxed even for self-consumption, and by 1934, home brewing had been banned.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung-hee</a> dictatorship also banned its making (1965) because of rice shortages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, the South Korean ban on brewing with rice was finally lifted, with home brewing again becoming legal only at the beginning of the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the interim period, <i>makgeolli</i> was made from wheat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most-consumed alcoholic drink in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> in the 1960s and 1970s,<sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rane_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rane-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>makgeolli</i> began to lose popularity in the 1970s with the rise of imported alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, due to the national food shortage, the government banned making makgeolli using rice, and makgeolli was made by mixing 80% wheat flour and 20% corn. When flour was used, the quality of makgeolli deteriorated.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>makgeolli</i> was considered cheap and old-fashioned, sellers then focused on selling quantity rather than quality,<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many <i>makgeolli</i> companies turning to mass production. In this process, the rice wine is usually brewed with a non-traditionally manufactured fermentation starter instead of the traditional <i><a href="/wiki/Nuruk" title="Nuruk">nuruk</a>.</i> It is also diluted with water.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 21st century, <i>makgeolli</i> enjoyed a resurgence in urban areas and among younger generations.<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rane_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rane-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The health benefits and low alcohol proof of <i>makgeolli</i>, and a growing interest in cultural traditions in recent decades, have contributed to the revival.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The product continues to be inexpensive, with a plastic, <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drink</a>-style 750 ml (26 imp fl oz; 25 US fl oz) bottle costing around <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">₩</a>1,200 (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>1.05).<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rane_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rane-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novelty high-end <i>makgeolli</i> are also produced, using traditional methods free of artificial additives. There were at least 700 small-scale breweries in production in South Korea in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span data-darkreader-inline-color="" data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="">As of 2023, Geumjeongsanseong Makgeolli in </span><a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a> <span data-darkreader-inline-color="" data-darkreader-inline-bgcolor="">was the only officially recognized makgeolli master in the country.</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brewing">Brewing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brewing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brewing_makgeolli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brewing_makgeolli.jpg/220px-Brewing_makgeolli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brewing_makgeolli.jpg/330px-Brewing_makgeolli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Brewing_makgeolli.jpg/440px-Brewing_makgeolli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Brewing <i>makgeolli</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Makgeolli</i> is made from <a href="/wiki/Japonica_rice" title="Japonica rice">rice</a> using <i><a href="/wiki/Nuruk" title="Nuruk">nuruk</a></i>, a Korean <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_starter" title="Fermentation starter">fermentation starter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nuruk</i> is a dry cereal cake that has been allowed to ferment and mature to promote the growth of molds producing <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysis" title="Hydrolysis">hydrolyzable</a> enzymes that <a href="/wiki/Chemical_decomposition" title="Chemical decomposition">decompose</a> the starches of the cereal grain into sugar. This sugar is then used by <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a> to produce alcohol through <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Choi_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choi-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different kinds of <i>nuruk</i>, made with different ingredients such as rice, wheat, barley, or <a href="/wiki/Mung_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mung beans">mung beans</a>, produce <i>makgeolli</i> of a variety of flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steamed rice, <i><a href="/wiki/Nuruk" title="Nuruk">nuruk</a></i>, and sometimes additional flavoring ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chestnuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Chestnuts">chestnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs">herbs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> are mixed and left to ferment in <i><a href="/wiki/Onggi" title="Onggi">onggi</a></i>, the same permeable clay crocks used for making <a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soup_soy_sauce" title="Soup soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, and other fermented foods.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Callaghan_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaghan-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brewing process involves two stages: seed and main mash and main fermentation.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seed mash is the process of obtaining actively growing yeasts and enzymes in the mixture of yeast and <i>nuruk</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tastes and aromas of the main mash develop with the transformation of the rice-derived nutrients and amino acids.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Main fermentation lasts for about a week.<sup id="cite_ref-Kang_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kang-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Makgeolli</i> is best consumed fresh, a week or two after brewing.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When freshly brewed, it has a milder and creamier taste.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It acquires a stronger taste over time and turns into <a href="/wiki/Rice_vinegar" title="Rice vinegar">rice vinegar</a> after a couple of months.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, the wine was only created one way, but to reach out across the different age groups and for exporting purposes there are several different ways the wine is created. Once <i>makgeolli</i> has been exported, it can change as well. Many people also brew makgeolli at home these days.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyesun_House_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyesun_House-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, <i>makgeolli</i> is created unpasteurized. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_production">Commercial production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Commercial production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many mass-produced <i>makgeolli</i> are brewed with non-traditional manufactured fermentation starter instead of the traditional <i>nuruk</i>, and are diluted with water and contain additives such as <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">aspartame</a>. This gives the liquor sweetness without adding a fermentable carbohydrate, and thus increases <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flavorings such as fruit and <a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">ginseng</a> are also sometimes added. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><i>Makgeolli</i> production in South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-KPHA_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPHA-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Production </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>166,319 kL (5,873,500 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>170,165 kL (6,009,300 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>172,342 kL (6,086,200 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>176,398 kL (6,229,400 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>260,694 kL (9,206,300 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>412,269 kL (14,559,100 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>458,198 kL (16,181,100 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>448,046 kL (15,822,600 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>426,216 kL (15,051,700 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>430,896 kL (15,216,900 cu ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>416,046 kL (14,692,500 cu ft) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Makgeolli</i> is usually served chilled, in a bottle or in a pottery bowl with a ladle.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to drinking, it is stirred with the ladle, or the bottle is gently flipped upside down several times with the cap on, in order to mix in the settled sediment.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is then ladled or poured into individual small bowls, rather than cups, for drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because of the tendency of <i>makgeolli</i> to split into a cloudy white fraction that settles to the bottom and a clear, pale yellow liquid that rises to the top. </p><p><i>Makgeolli</i> is often served with fried <a href="/wiki/Buchimgae" title="Buchimgae">buchimgae</a>, Korean pancakes, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Pajeon" title="Pajeon">pajeon</a></i> (made with <a href="/wiki/Scallions" class="mw-redirect" title="Scallions">scallions</a>), <i>haemul-panjeon</i> (made with scallions and seafood), and <i><a href="/wiki/Bindae-tteok" title="Bindae-tteok">bindae-tteok</a></i> (made with mung beans and pork).<sup id="cite_ref-Hirsch_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jung_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consuming <i>makgeolli</i> with these pancakes is a custom often associated with rainy days.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are a number of theories regarding the origin. The first theory is the effect of <a href="/wiki/Association_(psychology)" title="Association (psychology)">association</a>, whereby the sound of the rain is similar to the sizzling sound of a pancake making, so when it rains, pajeon automatically comes to mind. The second theory has to do with traditional agricultural culture. When the farmers were not able to work due to the rain, especially during the rainy season of Summer, they made pajeon to soothe their hunger and accompanied it with makgeolli, a farmer’s favorite drink. Naturally, it became a seasonal food, and the tradition has been passed down to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Why_Koreans_love_chimaek_(chicken_&_beer),_and_eat_pajeon_&_makgeolli_on_rainy_days_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_Koreans_love_chimaek_(chicken_&_beer),_and_eat_pajeon_&_makgeolli_on_rainy_days-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Makgeolli</i> may also be mixed with ice and fruits such as mango and pineapple to make <a href="/wiki/Fruit_cocktail" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit cocktail">fruit cocktails</a>, or with <i>saida</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lemon-lime_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemon-lime drink">lemon-lime drink</a>) to make a simple cocktail named <i>maksa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schamberg_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schamberg-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jung_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jung-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Makgeolli</i> mixed with <i>kkul</i> (honey) is called <i>kkul-makgeolli</i>. </p><p>Because of the microorganisms present during fermentation, <i>makgeolli</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Probiotic" title="Probiotic">probiotic</a> product. It contains high levels of <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid_bacteria" title="Lactic acid bacteria">lactic acid bacteria</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Lactobacillus" title="Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a></i>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">fiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Son_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Son-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rane_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rane-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a 1.9 percent protein content, over 10 amino acids, vitamin B, <a href="/wiki/Inositol" title="Inositol">inositol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Choline" title="Choline">choline</a>, <i>makgeolli</i> is reputed to increase metabolism, relieve fatigue and improve the <a href="/wiki/Complexion" title="Complexion">complexion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makgeolli_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="bottled makgeolli"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Makgeolli_3.jpg/120px-Makgeolli_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Makgeolli_3.jpg/180px-Makgeolli_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Makgeolli_3.jpg/240px-Makgeolli_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1070" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">bottled makgeolli</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korea_Makgelli_18_(7934121404).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various makgeolli"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg/120px-Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg/180px-Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg/240px-Korea_Makgelli_18_%287934121404%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3336" data-file-height="2191" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Various makgeolli</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi(Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makgeolli and dubu-kimchi"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg/80px-Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg/120px-Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg/160px-Makgeolli_and_dubu-kimchi%28Tofu_with_Stir-Fried_Kimchi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Makgeolli and dubu-kimchi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Makgeolli_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Makgeolli on traditional Korean table"><img alt="Makgeolli on traditional Korean table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Makgeolli_01.jpg/80px-Makgeolli_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Makgeolli_01.jpg/120px-Makgeolli_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Makgeolli_01.jpg/160px-Makgeolli_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Makgeolli on traditional Korean table</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similar_beverages">Similar beverages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Similar beverages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dongdong-ju</i> ("float-float wine") is a drink very similar to <i>makgeolli</i>, but slightly creamier and with unfiltered floating rice grains. The word <i>dongdong</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Ideophone" title="Ideophone">ideophone</a> for a small object floating by. <i>Ihwa-ju</i> ("pear-blossom wine") is so named because it is brewed from rice with rice malt which ferments during the <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pear</a>-blossom season.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ihwaju</i> is often so thick that it is eaten with a spoon. <i><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></i> ("sweet wine") is a sweeter variety with partial fermentation. The Tibetan alcoholic beverage <a href="/wiki/Chhaang" title="Chhaang">Chhaang</a> is also very similar drink with its cloudy milky appearance along with its unfiltered rice sediments. During the Tibetan lunar new year, Tibetans drink a slight variation of Chaang by adding dried cheese, droma (a type of small tuber similar in taste to sweet potato) and nuts which is then heated and drunk warm. In Nepal, where chaang is enjoyed by the Newars and Sherpas, Korean produced bottled makgeoli is branded and sold as chaang. </p><p>Chinese <i><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">choujiu</a></i> and Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">nigori</a></i> are rice wines similar to <i>makgeolli</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Makgeolli" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">Nigori</a></i> – Japanese equivalent of Makgeolli</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></i> – Chinese equivalent of Makgeolli</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zutho" title="Zutho">Zutho</a></i> – Naga equivalent of Makgeolli</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (beverage)">Cheongju</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rice_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rice beverages">List of rice beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean alcoholic beverages">Korean alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makgeolli&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODE-1"><span 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=makkoli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fmakkoli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakgeolli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hirsch-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hirsch_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirsch2015" class="citation news cs1">Hirsch, J.M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&rft.atitle=The+next+sparkling+wine+to+try+is+Korean+makgeolli&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=J.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorontosun.com%2F2015%2F07%2F20%2Fthe-next-sparkling-wine-to-try-is-korean-makgeolli%2Fwcm%2F86d9fbf3-0a17-4699-b170-26b555b0da06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMakgeolli" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Son-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Son_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonMacDonald2017" class="citation news cs1">Son, Angela; MacDonald, Joan Vos (8 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/asia/makgeolli-south-korea-seoul-milky-liquor-alcohol-probiotic-bars-brewery-tours-festivals-a7881366.html">"Makgeolli in Seoul: Why this speciality liquor is only at its best in the South Korean capital"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/C%C6%A1m_r%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u" title="Cơm rượu">Cơm rượu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuniang" title="Jiuniang">Jiuniang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchikamizake" title="Kuchikamizake">Kuchikamizake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_khao" title="Lao khao">Lao khao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugdi" title="Lugdi">Lugdi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">Nigori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksi" title="Raksi">Raksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_baijiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice baijiu">Rice baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB#Rice_shōchū" title="Shōchū">Rice shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_%C4%91%E1%BA%BF" title="Rượu đế">Rượu đế</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_n%E1%BA%BFp" title="Rượu nếp">Rượu nếp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonti (beverage)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sra_peang" title="Sra peang">Sra peang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagozake" title="Tamagozake">Tamagozake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutho" title="Zutho">Zutho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-alcoholic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_rice_green_tea" title="Brown rice green tea">Brown rice green tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_rice_tea" title="Brown rice tea">Brown rice tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horchata" title="Horchata">Horchata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABrokucha" title="Jūrokucha">Jūrokucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mieum_(food)" title="Mieum (food)">Mieum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misu" title="Misu">Misu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkoh" title="Kokkoh">Kokkoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_milk" title="Rice milk">Rice milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_water" title="Rice water">Rice water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhye" title="Sikhye">Sikhye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan (beverage)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungnyung" title="Sungnyung">Sungnyung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rice_drinks" title="List of rice drinks">List of rice drinks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alcoholic_beverages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Template talk:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic_drinks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alcoholic drinks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alcoholic_beverages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alcoholic_drinks" title="List of alcoholic drinks">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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