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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaso_desechable" title="Vaso desechable – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaso desechable" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erabili_eta_botatzeko_edalontzi" title="Erabili eta botatzeko edalontzi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erabili eta botatzeko edalontzi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobelet_jetable" title="Gobelet jetable – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gobelet jetable" data-language-autonym="Français" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Drinking cup intended for a single use</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>may not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Disposable_cup" title="Talk:Disposable cup">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paper_cup.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Paper_cup.jpeg/220px-Paper_cup.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Paper_cup.jpeg/330px-Paper_cup.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Paper_cup.jpeg/440px-Paper_cup.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2166" data-file-height="1747" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">disposable</a> <a href="/wiki/Paper_cup" title="Paper cup">paper cup</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg/220px-Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg/330px-Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg/440px-Cups-pollution-Tamil_Nadu.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">Disposable</a> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortado_(6170237822).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg/220px-Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg/330px-Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg/440px-Cortado_%286170237822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Disposable" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable">disposable</a> foam cup containing coffee</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>disposable cup</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Tableware" title="Tableware">tableware</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">disposable food packaging</a>. Disposable cup types include <a href="/wiki/Paper_cup" title="Paper cup">paper cups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foam_cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Foam cup">foam cups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill_2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill_2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expanded <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> is used to manufacture foam cups,<sup id="cite_ref-Webster_2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webster_2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> is used to manufacture plastic cups.<sup id="cite_ref-Szaky_2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szaky_2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As they are produced for single use, disposable <a href="/wiki/Cup" title="Cup">cups</a> and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer and <a href="/wiki/Household_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Household waste">household waste</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zimring_William_L._Rathje_2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimring_William_L._Rathje_2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Paper_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper waste">paper waste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic waste">plastic waste</a>. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimring_William_L._Rathje_2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimring_William_L._Rathje_2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year,<sup id="cite_ref-MCD_foam_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCD_foam-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.<sup id="cite_ref-ciwm-journal.co.uk_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciwm-journal.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The disposable cone-shaped paper cup was invented in 1908 by Lawrence Luellen, and in 1912 Luellen and Hugh Moore began marketing the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_Kup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health Kup (page does not exist)">Health Kup</a>, another paper disposable cup.<sup id="cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aydelott_Buck_2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Health Kup was designed to create a means for people to drink water from public water barrels without spreading germs, which occurred when people would use a common (shared) cup or a dipper to hold the water.<sup id="cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aydelott_Buck_2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Health Kup was later renamed to <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixie Cup">Dixie Cup</a>, and was named after a brand of dolls.<sup id="cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aydelott_Buck_2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luellen and Moore later developed a disposable paper ice cream cup, which included lids with images of sportspeople, movie stars and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aydelott_Buck_2007-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_uses">Commercial uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commercial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some companies, such as coffee retailers<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_2015_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle_2015-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and doughnut shops,<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_Spoolman_2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Spoolman_2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sell their products in disposable cups. A 2011 book estimated that a chain of doughnut shops used one billion disposable coffee cups in a year, enough to circle the Earth twice.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_Spoolman_2011_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_Spoolman_2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2012 article in <i>OnEarth</i> said that <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> used over four billion disposable coffee cups in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cup_Noodles" title="Cup Noodles">Cup Noodles</a> brand of instant noodles uses expanded polystyrene foam cups to contain the product.<sup id="cite_ref-Roe_2004_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roe_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hot or boiling water is added to the dried noodles in the container, which cooks the product in a few minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-Roe_2004_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roe_2004-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nissin_Foods" title="Nissin Foods">Nissin Foods</a> began marketing the product in foam cups in the early 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Harlan_2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harlan_2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pollution">Pollution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The manufacturing of paper cups contributes to <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> when chemicals such as chlorine, <a href="/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide" title="Chlorine dioxide">chlorine dioxide</a> and reduced sulfides enter waterways.<sup id="cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Foam_cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Foam cup">foam cups</a> contributes to <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> when <a href="/wiki/Pentane" title="Pentane">pentane</a> is released into the air.<sup id="cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plastic content in <a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">plastic-coated paper</a> cups contributes to the <a href="/wiki/Plastic_pollution" title="Plastic pollution">plastic pollution</a> problem, when cups are disposed as <a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">litter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recycling_and_other_environmental_measures">Recycling and other environmental measures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recycling and other environmental measures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Curbside_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Curbside recycling">curbside recycling</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a> containers has gradually increased in some <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a>, but is still rather limited.<sup id="cite_ref-Szaky_2014_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szaky_2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> switched from foam cups to paper cups in 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-MCD_foam_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCD_foam-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is moving to recycle paper cups in the UK, as of 2016, in partnership with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simply_Cups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simply Cups (page does not exist)">Simply Cups</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cropper_(business)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cropper (business) (page does not exist)">James Cropper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ciwm-journal.co.uk_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciwm-journal.co.uk-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternatives">Alternatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alternatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several coffee chains offer a discount if the customer brings along their own cup.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At festivals such as the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a>, costs due to theft or breakage are avoided without using disposables: The customer pays an upfront fee for a drinking glass or mug and receives a <a href="/wiki/Rebate_(marketing)" title="Rebate (marketing)">rebate</a> at its return. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mishti_Doi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mishti_Doi.jpg/160px-Mishti_Doi.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mishti_Doi.jpg/240px-Mishti_Doi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Mishti_Doi.jpg/320px-Mishti_Doi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>A disposable <a href="/wiki/Kulhar" title="Kulhar">kulhar</a> clay bowl with <i><a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">dahi</a></i> (curd)</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Kulhar" title="Kulhar">kulhar</a> is a traditional handle-less <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> cup from <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, which are being used as alternatives to plastic cups due to their biodegradable nature. they are typically unpainted and unglazed, and meant to be disposable. The most interesting feature of <i>kulhar</i> is not being painted and that differentiates a <i>kulhar</i> from a terra-cotta cup. The <i>kulhar</i> cup is unglazed inside out.<sup id="cite_ref-jad64hajaw_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jad64hajaw-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <i>kulhars</i> are made by firing in a <a href="/wiki/Kiln" title="Kiln">kiln</a> and are almost never reused, they are inherently sterile and hygienic.<sup id="cite_ref-yup26jarey_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yup26jarey-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bazaars and food stalls in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> traditionally served hot beverages, such as tea, in <i>kuhlars</i>, which suffused the beverage with an "earthy aroma" that was often considered appealing.<sup id="cite_ref-diz84redeg_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diz84redeg-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">Yoghurt</a>, hot milk with sugar as well as some regional desserts, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kulfi" title="Kulfi">kulfi</a></i> (traditional ice-cream), are also served in kulhars.<sup id="cite_ref-rij49nowoq_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rij49nowoq-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kulhars have gradually given way to <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">coated paper</a> cups, because the latter are lighter to carry in bulk and cheaper.⁠<sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>⁠<sup id="cite_ref-tuw52wipow_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuw52wipow-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cutlery" class="mw-redirect" title="Disposable cutlery">Disposable cutlery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw-away_society" title="Throw-away society">Throw-away society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_Cup_Company" title="Solo Cup Company">Solo cup</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hill_2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hill_2010_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHill2010" class="citation book cs1">Hill, M.K. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-zaEGx_Y8cC&pg=PA519"><i>Understanding Environmental Pollution</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 519. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48640-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-48640-8"><bdi>978-1-139-48640-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Environmental+Pollution&rft.pages=519&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-48640-8&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=M.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-zaEGx_Y8cC%26pg%3DPA519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Worrell_Vesilind_Ludwig_2016_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorrellVesilindLudwig2016" class="citation book cs1">Worrell, W.A.; Vesilind, P.A.; Ludwig, C. 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Cengage Learning. p. 395. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-305-88835-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-305-88835-7"><bdi>978-1-305-88835-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Solid+Waste+Engineering%3A+A+Global+Perspective&rft.pages=395&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-305-88835-7&rft.aulast=Worrell&rft.aufirst=W.A.&rft.au=Vesilind%2C+P.A.&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUsgaCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webster_2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webster_2000_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster2000" class="citation book cs1">Webster, K. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eCewh284lkwC&pg=PA146"><i>Environmental Management in the Hospitality Industry: A Guide for Students and Managers</i></a>. Environmental Management in the Hospitality Industry: A Guide for Students and Managers. Cassell. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33234-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33234-2"><bdi>978-0-304-33234-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Management+in+the+Hospitality+Industry%3A+A+Guide+for+Students+and+Managers&rft.series=Environmental+Management+in+the+Hospitality+Industry%3A+A+Guide+for+Students+and+Managers&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-304-33234-2&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeCewh284lkwC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szaky_2014-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Szaky_2014_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szaky_2014_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzaky2014" class="citation book cs1">Szaky, T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McDonalds%27+Switch+to+Paper+Cups+Source+of+New+Demand+for+International+Paper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdismalscience.journalism.cuny.edu%2F2014%2F04%2F13%2Fmcdonalds-switch-to-paper-cups-source-of-new-demand-for-international-paper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciwm-journal.co.uk-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciwm-journal.co.uk_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciwm-journal.co.uk_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033227/http://ciwm-journal.co.uk/mcdonalds-uk-to-trial-plastic-coated-paper-cup-recycling/">"McDonald's UK To Trial Plastic-Coated Paper Cup Recycling"</a>. 25 January 2016. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=McDonald%27s+UK+To+Trial+Plastic-Coated+Paper+Cup+Recycling&rft.date=2016-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciwm-journal.co.uk%2Fmcdonalds-uk-to-trial-plastic-coated-paper-cup-recycling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aydelott_Buck_2007-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aydelott_Buck_2007_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydelottBuck2007" class="citation book cs1">Aydelott, J.; Buck, D. 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Teacher Created Resources. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4206-8237-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4206-8237-3"><bdi>978-1-4206-8237-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Read+Write+Respond+Using+Historic+Events&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Teacher+Created+Resources&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4206-8237-3&rft.aulast=Aydelott&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Buck%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnK4aaIB8hXgC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicle_2015-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_2015_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChronicle2015" class="citation web cs1">Chronicle, San Francisco (November 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/editorials/article/Much-ado-about-a-Starbucks-disposable-cup-6631154.php">"Much ado about a Starbucks disposable cup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Much+ado+about+a+Starbucks+disposable+cup&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.aulast=Chronicle&rft.aufirst=San+Francisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fopinion%2Feditorials%2Farticle%2FMuch-ado-about-a-Starbucks-disposable-cup-6631154.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_Spoolman_2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_Spoolman_2011_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_Spoolman_2011_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSpoolman2011" class="citation book cs1">Miller, G.T.; Spoolman, S. 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(2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ddnz-cIMglkC&pg=PA64"><i>Market Research in Action</i></a>. Thomson Learning. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86152-938-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86152-938-1"><bdi>978-1-86152-938-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Market+Research+in+Action&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Thomson+Learning&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86152-938-1&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dddnz-cIMglkC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harlan_2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harlan_2011_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlan2011" class="citation book cs1">Harlan, J. 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Ulysses Press. p. pt11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61243-004-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61243-004-1"><bdi>978-1-61243-004-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ramen+to+the+Rescue+Cookbook%3A+120+Creative+Recipes+for+Easy+Meals+Using+Everyone%27s+Favorite+Pack+of+Noodles&rft.pages=pt11&rft.pub=Ulysses+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61243-004-1&rft.aulast=Harlan&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwjRO3z1KcKUC%26pg%3DPT11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starbucks.com.au/Environmental-Stewardship.php">"Environmental Stewardship"</a>. <i>Starbucks Coffee Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hankin (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E2saAQAAIAAJ"><i>Hanklyn-janklin: a stranger's rumble-tumble guide to some words, customs, and quiddities, Indian and Indo-British</i></a>. Banyan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788186558065" title="Special:BookSources/9788186558065"><bdi>9788186558065</bdi></a>. <q>For the fussy, on request, the beverage will usually be served in a hand- less, unglazed, disposable earthenware pot, the kulhar, straight from the kiln ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanklyn-janklin%3A+a+stranger%27s+rumble-tumble+guide+to+some+words%2C+customs%2C+and+quiddities%2C+Indian+and+Indo-British&rft.pub=Banyan+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788186558065&rft.au=Nigel+B.+Hankin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE2saAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diz84redeg-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-diz84redeg_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?224684">"Storm In A Kulhar"</a>. <i>Outlook India</i>. August 2, 2004. <q>For those romantic souls who've regretted the loss of that earthy aroma and its replacement by the smell of plastic and detergent, railway minister Laloo Prasad Yadav is bringing back the bygone era ... kilns that use not only cowdung but also coal and wood.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=Storm+In+A+Kulhar&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Farticle.aspx%3F224684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rij49nowoq-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rij49nowoq_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203836/http://www.bittersweetnyc.com/cakesndesserts/cakesndesserts.shtml">"Cakes and Desserts"</a>. <i>bittersweetnyc.com</i>. Bittersweet NYC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bittersweetnyc.com/cakesndesserts/cakesndesserts.shtml">the original</a> on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2010</span>. <q>Kulfi (Indian Ice Cream) ... in India is traditionally served in Kulhars, unbaked terracotta ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bittersweetnyc.com&rft.atitle=Cakes+and+Desserts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bittersweetnyc.com%2Fcakesndesserts%2Fcakesndesserts.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indianexpress-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indianexpress_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonu_Jain2004" class="citation cs2">Sonu Jain (July 6, 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/50438/">"Why Laloo's kulhad isn't as green as he makes it out to be"</a>, <i>Indian Express</i>, <q>Contrary to common perception, the red kulhad takes nearly a decade to return to its natural form ... "The water in the clay disappears and the salts melt into a glassy state and bind together making the clay stronger," said D Chakravorty, ceramic engineer at CGCRI. It takes a while before this salt, exposed to vagaries of nature, decomposes ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Why+Laloo%27s+kulhad+isn%27t+as+green+as+he+makes+it+out+to+be&rft.date=2004-07-06&rft.au=Sonu+Jain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2FoldStory%2F50438%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuw52wipow-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tuw52wipow_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkatesh_Dutta2010" class="citation web cs1">Venkatesh Dutta (September 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livehindustan.com/news/1/1/1-1-54588.html">"कुल्हड़ में चाय और लस्सी नहीं चली लालू की रेल में (Kulhars for tea and lassi are a flop on Laloo's Railway)"</a>. <i>Live Hindustan</i>. <q>वेंडरों को यह महंगा सौदा पड़ा, क्योंकि कुल्हड़ पॉलिथीन के कप से महंगा पड़ रहा था। कुल्हड़ का वजन भी ज्यादा होता है। नतीजा यह हुआ कि फिर पॉलिथीन की कप में चाय बिकने लगी (Vendors found this an expensive deal because kulhars are more expensive than <a href="/wiki/Plastic_cup" title="Plastic cup">plastic cups</a>. Kulhars also weigh more. The result was that tea began selling again in plastic cups.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Hindustan&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%28Kulhars+for+tea+and+lassi+are+a+flop+on+Laloo%27s+Railway%29&rft.date=2010-09-04&rft.au=Venkatesh+Dutta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livehindustan.com%2Fnews%2F1%2F1%2F1-1-54588.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disposable_cup&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Disposable_cups" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Disposable cups">Disposable cups</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GEinXwAACAAJ"><i>Pertinent Characteristics of the Disposable Cup Industry as Related to Area Redevelopment</i></a>. ARA staff study. The Administration. 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pertinent+Characteristics+of+the+Disposable+Cup+Industry+as+Related+to+Area+Redevelopment&rft.series=ARA+staff+study&rft.pub=The+Administration&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGEinXwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADisposable+cup" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_box" title="Ammunition box">Ammunition box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_box" title="Banana box">Banana box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">Beer bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_wine" title="Box wine">Box wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_bag" title="Coffee bag">Coffee bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetic_packaging" title="Cosmetic packaging">Cosmetic packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_packaging" title="Currency packaging">Currency packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_food_packaging" title="Disposable food packaging">Disposable food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_can" title="Drink can">Drink can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_carton" title="Egg carton">Egg carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_packaging" title="Evidence packaging">Evidence packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_ration" title="Field ration">Field ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br />post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper 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