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Reports - ARTICLE 19
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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNTc0IDEwMzYiIHdpZHRoPSIxNTc0IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMzYiIGRhdGEtdT0iaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuYXJ0aWNsZTE5Lm9yZyUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyMyUyRjA4JTJGYmFja2dyb3VuZC1TTTRQLTEuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjE1NzQiIGRhdGEtaD0iMTAzNiIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" class="attachment-super size-super" alt="Abstract ARTICLE 19 graphic." decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset=" " sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /> </div> </div> <div class="site-overlay"></div> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main gutenberg"> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <p style="font-size:1.25rem">Discover ARTICLE 19’s reports, featuring expert insights and actionable recommendations on free expression, digital rights, and internet freedom. Our research delves into critical global challenges, such as safeguarding free expression in conflict zones and leveraging technology to advance online freedoms.</p> <div style="height:5rem" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-inner-contained is-top-angle-reverse has-lightgreybg-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div style="height:2em" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-card stk-block-card stk-block stk-bf1656d is-style-horizontal" data-v="2" data-block-id="bf1656d"><div class="stk--no-padding stk-container stk-bf1656d-container stk-hover-parent"><figure class="stk-block-card__image stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-352808" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNTQyIDEwMjgiIHdpZHRoPSIxNTQyIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwMjgiIGRhdGEtdT0iaHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuYXJ0aWNsZTE5Lm9yZyUyRndwLWNvbnRlbnQlMkZ1cGxvYWRzJTJGMjAyNCUyRjEyJTJGY2xlYXJpbmctdGhlLWZvZy1vZi13YXItaGVyby5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTU0MiIgZGF0YS1oPSIxMDI4IiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" width="1024" height="683" alt="Photographer wearing gas mask holds camera surrounded by tear gas." srcset=" " sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure><div class="stk-container-padding stk-block-card__content"><div class="stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-bf1656d-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-e4e77fc" id="information-saves-lives-how-expression-protects-civilians-in-armed-conflict" data-block-id="e4e77fc"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Information saves lives: How expression protects civilians in armed conflict</h2></div> <p>ARTICLE 19鈥檚 new policy sets out how international law protects people鈥檚 right to free expression during armed conflict.</p> <p></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-7f42752" data-block-id="7f42752"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button stk-block stk-535c0b1" data-block-id="535c0b1"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/free-expression-war-conflict/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div> <div style="height:3.5em" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-inner-contained is-top-angle has-yellow-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-feature-grid alignwide stk-block-feature-grid stk-block-columns stk-block stk-1150073 is-style-default" data-block-id="1150073"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-1150073-column alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-9572e1f" data-v="4" data-block-id="9572e1f"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-9572e1f-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-9572e1f-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-2ec8074" data-block-id="2ec8074"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-347556" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwOSUyRkVUSUYtd2ViLWJhbm5lci5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTIwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI2MDAiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" width="1200" height="600" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-9448732" id="engaging-tech-for-internet-freedom-in-authoritarian-countries" data-block-id="9448732"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Engaging tech for internet freedom in authoritarian countries</h2></div> <p>ARTICLE 19 examines the human rights responsibilities of tech companies operating in authoritarian countries.<br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-be12997" data-block-id="be12997"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-61a05d5" data-block-id="61a05d5"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/engaging-tech-for-internet-freedom/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-3491e85" data-v="4" data-block-id="3491e85"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-3491e85-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-3491e85-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-c5a5cf1" data-block-id="c5a5cf1"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-347010" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxODAwIDkwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjE4MDAiIGhlaWdodD0iOTAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwOSUyRkFJLXJlZGxpbmVzLWJhbm5lci0wOS0yNC5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTgwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI5MDAiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" width="1800" height="900" alt="Graphic depicting digital artificial intelligence surveillance." /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-c88dc9a" id="ai-technologies-where-do-we-draw-the-line" data-block-id="c88dc9a"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">AI technologies: Where do we draw the line?</h2></div> <p>A growing number of states and private companies are deploying advanced AI tools to monitor, track, and surveil people.<br><br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-3ef9602" data-block-id="3ef9602"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-e258761" data-block-id="e258761"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/ai-technologies-where-do-we-draw-the-line/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-5197955" data-v="4" data-block-id="5197955"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-5197955-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-5197955-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-e747d09" data-block-id="e747d09"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-337566" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNDQwIDczMCIgd2lkdGg9IjE0NDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNzMwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwNiUyRnF1ZWVyLWRhdGluZy1hcHBzLWJhbmVyLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxNDQwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjczMCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" width="1440" height="730" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-5302d24" id="queer-resistance-to-digital-oppression-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa" data-block-id="5302d24"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Queer resistance to digital oppression in the Middle East and North Africa</h2></div> <p>LGBTQI+ people across the Middle East and North Africa tell how police are weaponising dating, messaging, and social media apps to persecute them.</p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-a42e1a7" data-block-id="a42e1a7"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-0e5294b" data-block-id="0e5294b"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/queer-resistance-to-digital-oppression/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-feature-grid alignwide stk-block-feature-grid stk-block-columns stk-block stk-f20f51e is-style-default" data-block-id="f20f51e"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-f20f51e-column alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-958f42d" data-v="4" data-block-id="958f42d"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-958f42d-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-958f42d-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-f297cd6" data-block-id="f297cd6"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-331059" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNjAwIDkwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjE2MDAiIGhlaWdodD0iOTAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwNCUyRmNoaW5hLWRpZ2l0YWwtcmVwcmVzc2lvbi1zb2NpYWwtbWVpZGEtMi1jb3B5LTE2MDAuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjE2MDAiIGRhdGEtaD0iOTAwIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" width="1600" height="900" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-a018ca1" id="the-digital-silk-road-china-and-the-rise-of-digital-repression-in-the-indo-pacific" data-block-id="a018ca1"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">The Digital Silk Road: China and the rise of digital repression in the Indo-Pacific</h2></div> <p>China continues to export its digital authoritarianism playbook across the Indo-Pacific, reveals ARTICLE 19鈥檚 new report.</p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-c695c1f" data-block-id="c695c1f"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-59a7e49" data-block-id="59a7e49"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/resources/china-the-rise-of-digital-repression-in-the-indo-pacific/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-cbfcb7b" data-v="4" data-block-id="cbfcb7b"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-cbfcb7b-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-cbfcb7b-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-4e256da" data-block-id="4e256da"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-296127" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjMlMkYwMiUyRlRCVC1iYW5uZXItLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxMjAwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjYwMCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" width="1200" height="600" alt="Collage of faces and social media icons." /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-09c97eb" id="taming-big-tech-protecting-expression-for-all" data-block-id="09c97eb"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Taming Big Tech: Protecting expression for all</h2></div> <p>ARTICLE 19鈥檚 policies on how to regulate social media platforms, tackle Big Tech鈥檚 excessive power, and protect freedom of expression online.<br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-ab648f5" data-block-id="ab648f5"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-de3b09a" data-block-id="de3b09a"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/taming-big-tech-protecting-expression-for-all/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-13ffc57" data-v="4" data-block-id="13ffc57"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-13ffc57-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-13ffc57-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-6c7f1a6" data-block-id="6c7f1a6"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-292939" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjIlMkYxMiUyRkNlbnRyYWwtQXNpYS1Gb0UtT25saW5lLUJhbm5lci0uanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjEyMDAiIGRhdGEtaD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" width="1200" height="600" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-de23d4c" id="central-asia-freedom-of-expression-online" data-block-id="de23d4c"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Central Asia: Freedom of expression online</h2></div> <p>ARTICLE 19’s reports analysing these growing challenges and advocating for robust protection of free expression online in Central Asia.<br><br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-ef0d41b" data-block-id="ef0d41b"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-503ce7c" data-block-id="503ce7c"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/central-asia-freedom-of-expression-online/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-inner-contained is-top-angle-reverse has-orange-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-feature-grid alignwide stk-block-feature-grid stk-block-columns stk-block stk-a23ab72 is-style-default" data-block-id="a23ab72"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-a23ab72-column alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-91c14b3" data-v="4" data-block-id="91c14b3"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-91c14b3-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-91c14b3-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-c2fb5e5" data-block-id="c2fb5e5"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-271726" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMjAwIDYwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEyMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjIlMkYwNiUyRmluZG9uZXNpYW4tam91cm5hbGlzdHMuanBnIiBkYXRhLXc9IjEyMDAiIGRhdGEtaD0iNjAwIiBkYXRhLWJpcD0iIj48L3N2Zz4=" data-spai="1" width="1200" height="600" alt="Group of journalists with cameras and smartphones in Berau, Indonesia" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-206c325" id="bridging-the-gap-local-voices-in-content-moderation" data-block-id="206c325"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Bridging the Gap: Local voices in content moderation</h2></div> <p>Social media companies fail to consider local contexts in content moderation. This can have a dramatic impact. But ARTICLE 19 has a solution.<br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-5ab559e" data-block-id="5ab559e"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-ab6a969" data-block-id="ab6a969"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/bridging-the-gap-local-voices-in-content-moderation/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-69a7fbf" data-v="4" data-block-id="69a7fbf"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-69a7fbf-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-69a7fbf-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-dbefdb0" data-block-id="dbefdb0"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-266416" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxOTIwIDk2MCIgd2lkdGg9IjE5MjAiIGhlaWdodD0iOTYwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjIlMkYwNCUyRmVxdWFsbHktc2FmZS1oZXJvLmpwZyIgZGF0YS13PSIxOTIwIiBkYXRhLWg9Ijk2MCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" width="1920" height="960" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-d711c71" id="equally-safe-towards-a-feminist-approach-to-the-safety-of-journalists" data-block-id="d711c71"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Equally Safe: Towards a feminist approach to the safety of journalists</h2></div> <p>ARTICLE 19鈥檚 project, Equally Safe: Towards a Feminist Approach to the Safety of Journalists, offers new research, global case studies, practical guidelines, and advocacy tools.</p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-45623b4" data-block-id="45623b4"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-89eaf48" data-block-id="89eaf48"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/equally-safe/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-932f15c" data-v="4" data-block-id="932f15c"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-932f15c-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-932f15c-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-d92ac6e" data-block-id="d92ac6e"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-346215" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMTAzIDYyMSIgd2lkdGg9IjExMDMiIGhlaWdodD0iNjIxIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwOSUyRlNvY2lhbC1tZWRpYS5wbmciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTEwMyIgZGF0YS1oPSI2MjEiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" width="1103" height="621" alt="Graphic depicting digital artificial intelligence surveillance." /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-15c7a58" id="malaysia-what-do-we-need-to-know-about-social-media-licensing" data-block-id="15c7a58"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Malaysia: What do we need to know about social media licensing?</h2></div> <p>As social media companies in Malaysia face new licensing requirements, what will the implications be for freedom of expression?<br><br></p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-6cc34ec" data-block-id="6cc34ec"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-60116a2" data-block-id="60116a2"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/resources/malaysia-what-do-we-need-to-know-about-social-media-licensing/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-feature-grid alignwide stk-block-feature-grid stk-block-columns stk-block stk-214545f is-style-default" data-block-id="214545f"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-214545f-column alignwide"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-d675f1f" data-v="4" data-block-id="d675f1f"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-d675f1f-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-d675f1f-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-d5bfa5d" data-block-id="d5bfa5d"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-344490" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMzA1IDczNSIgd2lkdGg9IjEzMDUiIGhlaWdodD0iNzM1IiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjQlMkYwOCUyRlByb3Rlc3QtVWdhbmRhLUFudGktSG9tb3NleHVhbGl0eS1BY3QtU291dGgtQWZyaWNhLTIwMjMtUkVVVEVSUy1BbGV0LVByZXRvcml1cy5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTMwNSIgZGF0YS1oPSI3MzUiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" width="1305" height="735" alt="EU documents in cubbies." /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-14bfc2c" id="eastern-africa-a-year-of-repression-and-resistance" data-block-id="14bfc2c"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Eastern Africa: A year of repression and resistance</h2></div> <p>Across Eastern Africa, the democratic reversals captured in ARTICLE 19鈥檚 Global Expression Report are having a devastating impact on people鈥檚 right to speak and to know.</p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-dea3b85" data-block-id="dea3b85"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-cca0756" data-block-id="cca0756"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/resources/eastern-africa-a-year-of-repression-and-resistance/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-a041d64" data-v="4" data-block-id="a041d64"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-a041d64-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-a041d64-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-c6c18ef" data-block-id="c6c18ef"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-341237" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA5NDIgNTU0IiB3aWR0aD0iOTQyIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjU1NCIgZGF0YS11PSJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnd3dy5hcnRpY2xlMTkub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDI0JTJGMDclMkZUVE4tZmVhdHVyZS5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iOTQyIiBkYXRhLWg9IjU1NCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" width="942" height="554" alt="illustration about social media" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-0402a98" id="tightening-the-net-irans-new-phase-of-digital-repression" data-block-id="0402a98"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Tightening the Net: Iran鈥檚 new phase of digital repression</h2></div> <p>The Iranian regime is using the Supreme Council of Cyberspace to strengthen its control over the internet and shrink digital rights.<br> </p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-423e30d" data-block-id="423e30d"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center stk-block stk-f0852c8" data-block-id="f0852c8"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/resources/tightening-the-net-irans-new-phase-of-digital-repression/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-ac1d07a" data-v="4" data-block-id="ac1d07a"><div class="stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-ac1d07a-container stk-hover-parent"><div class="has-text-align-left stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-ac1d07a-inner-blocks"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-image stk-block-image stk-block stk-7fe9839" data-block-id="7fe9839"><figure><span class="stk-img-wrapper stk-image--shape-stretch"><img decoding="async" class="stk-img wp-image-322858" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA4NzAgMzkwIiB3aWR0aD0iODcwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjM5MCIgZGF0YS11PSJodHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnd3dy5hcnRpY2xlMTkub3JnJTJGd3AtY29udGVudCUyRnVwbG9hZHMlMkYyMDI0JTJGMDIlMkZDb3Zlci1LZW55YS1jaXZpYy1zcGFjZS5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iODcwIiBkYXRhLWg9IjM5MCIgZGF0YS1iaXA9IiI+PC9zdmc+" data-spai="1" width="870" height="390" alt="Protest against Uganda鈥檚 proposed Anti-Homosexuality Act in Pretoria, South Africa, on 31 March 2023. (REUTERS/Alet Pretorius)" /></span></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-stackable-heading stk-block-heading stk-block-heading--v2 stk-block stk-a21bc0e" id="kenya-how-measures-to-tackle-terrorism-and-extremism-affect-civil-society" data-block-id="a21bc0e"><h2 class="stk-block-heading__text">Kenya: How measures to tackle terrorism and extremism affect civil society</h2></div> <p>Efforts to counter terrorism and extremism and other national security measures in Kenya have had a significant impact on civil society.</p> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-aaa4679" data-block-id="aaa4679"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button has-text-align-center is-style-plain stk-block stk-19b9280" data-block-id="19b9280"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/resources/kenya-how-measures-to-tackle-terrorism-and-extremism-affect-civil-society/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Read the report</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div> <div style="height:1em" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-inner-contained is-top-angle has-white-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center" id="read-more-about-article-19">Find out more about ARTICLE 19</h2> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img decoding="async" width="1300" height="800" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxMzAwIDgwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjEzMDAiIGhlaWdodD0iODAwIiBkYXRhLXU9Imh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LmFydGljbGUxOS5vcmclMkZ3cC1jb250ZW50JTJGdXBsb2FkcyUyRjIwMjElMkYwMyUyRnRoYWlsYW5kLXByb3Rlc3RvcnMxLW1pbi5qcGciIGRhdGEtdz0iMTMwMCIgZGF0YS1oPSI4MDAiIGRhdGEtYmlwPSIiPjwvc3ZnPg==" data-spai="1" alt="" class="wp-image-73321" style="aspect-ratio:3/2;object-fit:cover" /></figure> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button-group stk-block-button-group stk-block stk-90b9933" data-block-id="90b9933"><div class="stk-row stk-inner-blocks has-text-align-center stk-block-content stk-button-group"> <div class="wp-block-stackable-button stk-block-button stk-block stk-0da1a92" data-block-id="0da1a92"><a class="stk-link stk-button stk--hover-effect-darken" href="https://www.article19.org/podcasts/"><span class="has-text-color stk-button__inner-text"><strong>Our podcasts</strong></span></a></div> </div></div> </div> <div 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