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洪门 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-源流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#源流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>源流</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-源流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-團體之名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#團體之名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>團體之名稱</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-團體之名稱-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关團體之名稱子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-團體之名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-漢留、洪門、天地會傳說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢留、洪門、天地會傳說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>漢留、洪門、天地會傳說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢留、洪門、天地會傳說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-五舵主" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#五舵主"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>五舵主</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-五舵主-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-洪門典故" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洪門典故"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>洪門典故</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洪門典故-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-洪門暗號" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洪門暗號"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>洪門暗號</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洪門暗號-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>主要分支</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-主要分支-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关主要分支子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-主要分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-哥老會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哥老會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>哥老會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哥老會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三合會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三合會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>三合會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三合會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-致公堂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#致公堂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>致公堂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-致公堂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-洪門的發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洪門的發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>洪門的發展</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-洪門的發展-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关洪門的發展子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-洪門的發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-東南亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東南亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>東南亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東南亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中國大陸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>中國大陸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>美國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-組織" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#組織"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>組織</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-組織-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-哥老會、袍哥" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哥老會、袍哥"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>哥老會、袍哥</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哥老會、袍哥-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三合會_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三合會_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>三合會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三合會_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南洋私會黨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南洋私會黨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>南洋私會黨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南洋私會黨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天地會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天地會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>天地會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天地會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-會簿(廣東三合會的海底)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#會簿(廣東三合會的海底)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>會簿(廣東三合會的海底)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-會簿(廣東三合會的海底)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-三合會會簿" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三合會會簿"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>三合會會簿</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三合會會簿-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遺址及歷史考證" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遺址及歷史考證"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>遺址及歷史考證</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遺址及歷史考證-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重大影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重大影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>重大影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重大影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>其他影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-會黨(社團)與教門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#會黨(社團)與教門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>會黨(社團)與教門</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-會黨(社團)與教門-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关會黨(社團)與教門子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-會黨(社團)與教門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-白蓮教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#白蓮教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>白蓮教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-白蓮教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-青幫與洪門" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#青幫與洪門"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>青幫與洪門</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-青幫與洪門-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拜上帝會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拜上帝會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>拜上帝會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拜上帝會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-廣東三合會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#廣東三合會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>廣東三合會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-廣東三合會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-形成背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形成背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>形成背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形成背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-上海廣東帮派-小刀會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上海廣東帮派-小刀會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>上海廣東帮派-小刀會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-上海廣東帮派-小刀會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日月會" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日月會"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>日月會</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日月會-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-滿洲化的洪門會黨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#滿洲化的洪門會黨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>滿洲化的洪門會黨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-滿洲化的洪門會黨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-小说中的洪門天地会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#小说中的洪門天地会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>小说中的洪門天地会</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-小说中的洪門天地会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部連結子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-各山堂現況連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各山堂現況連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>各山堂現況連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各山堂現況連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">洪门</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。10种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandihui" title="Tiandihui – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tiandihui" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Общество на Небето и Земята – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Общество на Небето и Земята" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandihui" title="Tiandihui – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tiandihui" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandihui" title="Tiandihui – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiandihui" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80" title="洪門 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="洪門" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%8D%EB%AC%B8" title="홍문 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="홍문" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandihui" title="Tiandihui – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tiandihui" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_h%E1%BB%99i" title="Thiên Địa hội – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên Địa hội" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82ng-mn%CC%82g" title="Âng-mn̂g – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Âng-mn̂g" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80" title="洪門 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="洪門" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213387#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>,請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8" title="Talk:洪门">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年11月4日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&amp;as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">"洪门"</a> &#8212; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=&amp;as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&amp;q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&amp;as_brr=0&amp;as_pub=-icon&amp;q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&amp;q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&amp;safe=off&amp;q=%22%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%22">图像</a></span>),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>)。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可能需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86" title="Wikipedia:清理">清理</a>,以符合维基百科<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">质量标准</a>。</b>具体的理由是:来源中传说和正史真假参半<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请尽量协助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,详情请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8" title="Talk:洪门">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Disputed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/45px-System-search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/68px-System-search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/System-search.svg/90px-System-search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>內容<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">疑欠准确</a>,有待查證。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年2月10日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請在<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8" title="Talk:洪门">讨论页</a>討論問題所在及加以改善,若此條目仍有爭議及<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%87%86%E7%A1%AE%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE" title="Wikipedia:准确性争议">准确度</a>欠佳,會被提出<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E8%A8%8E%E8%AB%96" title="Wikipedia:頁面存廢討論">存廢討論</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/300px-%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/450px-%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/600px-%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1465" /></a><figcaption>19世纪末厦门洪门三房<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C" title="腰牌">腰牌</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/300px-%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/450px-%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG/600px-%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A%E8%85%B0%E7%89%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption>19世纪末广东洪门二房腰牌</figcaption></figure> <p><b>洪門</b>,原稱<b>天地會</b>,後全名為<b>洪門會</b>。為清朝主要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%BB%93%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="秘密结社">秘密结社</a>,主要活动于華南,以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="广东">广东</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="湖廣">湖廣</a>等地區更盛。有時史學家所謂的洪门一詞,代表一切反清的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E6%9C%83%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="祕密會社">祕密會社</a>,如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%AB" title="青幫">青幫</a>等。後來演變成名称不一的多個地下<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%9C%98" class="mw-disambig" title="社團">社團</a>或會黨,並隨著<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%83%91" class="mw-redirect" title="華僑">華僑</a>移民<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B4%8B" title="南洋">南洋</a>而傳播<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>。 </p><p>清末時,戴俊仁<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%BB%A8" title="中華革命黨">革命黨</a>為了推翻滿清需要而參與洪門;及至1911年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>肇建後,不少天地會、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="三合會">三合會</a>成員均有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">國民革命軍</a>身份。1949年後,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="香港三合會">香港三合會</a>組織的兩大<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="龍頭">龍頭</a>大佬<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E8%82%87%E7%85%8C" title="葛肇煌">葛肇煌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E5%89%8D" title="向前">向前</a>皆有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="中華民國國軍">中華民國國軍</a>將領<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8E" title="中華民國國軍軍階">軍階</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="源流"><span id=".E6.BA.90.E6.B5.81"></span>源流</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:源流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>關於洪門的源流有十幾種說法,有<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" title="鄭成功">鄭成功</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="陳近南">陳近南</a>創立說、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%A5%E6%99%BA" title="方以智">方以智</a>创立说、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99" title="康熙">康熙</a>甲寅說、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="雍正">雍正</a>甲寅說、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>二十六年<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%9B%B2%E9%BE%8D" title="萬雲龍">萬雲龍</a>首創說、始於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="雍正">雍正</a>初年說;群雄再創立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>說等等諸多說法。近年有学者爬梳文件提出天地会应是雍正初年到乾隆前半期出现的秘密会党,并举出乾隆年间抄出的多种天地会会簿抄本有用“木斗立世”隐指顺治、康熙、雍正、乾隆作为佐证。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="團體之名稱"><span id=".E5.9C.98.E9.AB.94.E4.B9.8B.E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1"></span>團體之名稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:團體之名稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢留、洪門、天地會傳說"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E7.95.99.E3.80.81.E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E3.80.81.E5.A4.A9.E5.9C.B0.E6.9C.83.E5.82.B3.E8.AA.AA"></span>漢留、洪門、天地會傳說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:漢留、洪門、天地會傳說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%91%E6%9E%97" title="南少林">南少林</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%88%90%E7%AB%A0" title="陶成章">陶成章</a>之著作《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81%E8%80%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="教會源流考(页面不存在)">教會源流考</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>中述:「志士仁人,不忍中原之塗炭,又結秘密團體,以求光復祖國,而洪門之會設也。何謂洪門?因<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="明太祖">明太祖</a>年號<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6" title="洪武">洪武</a>,故取以為名……始倡者為<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" title="鄭成功">鄭成功</a>,繼述而修整之者,則<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="陳近南">陳近南</a>也。」<sup id="cite_ref-香港黑社會前世今生_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港黑社會前世今生-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>以「一拜天為父,二拜地為母」<sup id="cite_ref-香港黑社會前世今生_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港黑社會前世今生-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>,簡稱「天父地母」,立誓<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%A9%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="反清復明">反清復明</a>,故稱「天地會」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="五舵主"><span id=".E4.BA.94.E8.88.B5.E4.B8.BB"></span>五舵主</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:五舵主"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%96" title="少林五祖">少林五祖</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="洪門典故"><span id=".E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E5.85.B8.E6.95.85"></span>洪門典故</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:洪門典故"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="明太祖">明太祖</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="年號">年號</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%AD%A6" title="洪武">洪武</a>,洪武之家門,是為洪門。</li> <li>「漢無中土」─ 拆字以「漢」字除去中間「中」、「土」二字,有漢失中土之意。</li> <li>「滿兒無頭」─ 拆字;取「滿」之頭、剩下「兒」之腿、合成「<b>洪</b>」字,有滿清滅亡之意。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="洪門暗號"><span id=".E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E6.9A.97.E8.99.9F"></span>洪門暗號</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:洪門暗號"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>“一拜天为父,二拜地为母”</li> <li>切口“明大复心一”,即“一心复大明”的反称。</li> <li>開口不離本 舉手不離三</li> <li>木立斗世天下知 順天行道和合同</li> <li>五人分開一首詩 身上洪英無人知 此事傳得眾兄弟 後來相識團圓時</li> <li>一指定中原,明月照乾坤,三山五嶽皆兄弟,五湖四海皆朋友,十面埋伏除奸狼,一柱擎天是大哥</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要分支"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>主要分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:主要分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="哥老會"><span id=".E5.93.A5.E8.80.81.E6.9C.83"></span>哥老會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:哥老會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%9A" title="袍哥会">袍哥会</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%8B%E8%97%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="曾國藩">曾國藩</a>戰勝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>後,恐怕清廷猜忌,除部分改編為<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="長江">長江</a>水師外,大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="湘軍">湘軍</a>被遣散,不少人因而參加反清的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98" class="mw-redirect" title="湘">湘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80" class="mw-disambig" title="蜀">蜀</a>一帶聚黨行事,<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E4%BF%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="遊俠">遊俠</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%9E%97" class="mw-disambig" title="綠林">綠林</a>,被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%AF%E5%99%9C" title="啯噜">哥老</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="四川話">四川話</a>方言,指一種賭徒,或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%8B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="結拜">結拜</a>的流氓),故稱<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%9A" title="袍哥会">哥老會</a>。有些哥老會黨徒甚至從事<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%90%E9%A8%99" title="詐騙">詐騙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%81%E6%9E%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="綁架">綁架</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AD%E5%8D%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="賭博">賭博</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%93%E9%99%A2" title="妓院">妓院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%B6%E5%8A%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="搶劫">搶劫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鴉片">鴉片</a>販賣等。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%9D%A4%E4%B8%80" title="劉坤一">劉坤一</a>擔任兩江總督及兩廣總督任內期間整頓治安,主力清剿哥老會及海盜;又在任兩廣總督時認為賭風不良而禁賭;在1892年肅清兩江境內的哥老會。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="湘軍">湘軍</a>之「哥老會」,再分出成「潘門」,又稱「潘家」等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="三合會"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.88.E6.9C.83"></span>三合會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:三合會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="三合會">三合會</a></div> <p>「三合會」代表三才相合:即是「人」參與「天、地」之間,其實就是「天地會」會友的代號。 </p><p>三合會是天地會的變名或分支,早於嘉慶十六年(1811年)即見於兩廣總督奏摺;出現時間比哥老會早。三合會的內容與性質,與天地會完全相同。1840年<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鴉片戰爭">鴉片戰爭</a>前後,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="佛山">佛山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%87%E6%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="肇慶">肇慶</a>地區的三合會活動更轉趨頻密。道光末年至咸豐年間,兩廣的會黨民變起義不斷。廣東三合會參與「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E6%B4%AA%E5%85%B5%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="广东洪兵起义">洪兵</a>」反清的起義。咸豐四年 (1854年),三合會的各個社團分別於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="佛山">佛山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%87%E6%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="肇慶">肇慶</a>各地起義,欲先佔<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>。兩廣總督<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%90%8D%E7%90%9B" title="葉名琛">葉名琛</a>大殺三合會會眾。不少三合會轉到香港、南洋、美洲。1857年,廣州被英法聯軍佔領後,鄰近鄉鎮紳民重建團練公局,佛山設總局。此後部分團練受三合會的影響,一一成為洪門團體。 </p><p>在晚清年间,三合会等积极参与革命,<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="黃興">黃興</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%88%90%E7%AB%A0" title="陶成章">陶成章</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%A1%A2%E9%9B%B2" title="楊衢雲">楊衢雲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%A3%AB%E8%89%AF" title="鄭士良">鄭士良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%85%B6%E7%BE%8E" title="陳其美">陳其美</a>等等都加入會黨。现代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%85%9A" title="中国致公党">中国致公党</a>即由近代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="天地会">天地会</a>在海外的分支<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a>发展而来。20世纪初成立于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>。 </p><p>现代有部分三合会轉而成為<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="黑社會">黑社會</a>組織;在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>,宣佈己身是三合会會友將可能遭致刑責。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="致公堂"><span id=".E8.87.B4.E5.85.AC.E5.A0.82"></span>致公堂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:致公堂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a></div> <p>致公堂原稱「洪順堂」,創於1848年舊金山。至1898年在舊金山市政府註冊「非牟利」公益團體牌照時,避免清廷公使抗議,而改名致公堂。致公堂的主要功能責任是維繫鐵路工人,及淘金業礦工的謀生權益。因而組織迅速擴大,六十年間,沿鐵路線發展到南北美洲各大城市都註有分堂。美國的鐵路線是由東西兩岸同步築建,因此紐約致公堂是「總分堂」。 </p><p>黃三德是當時舊金山致公總堂,及兼任墨西哥、南美其中兩個埠分堂的盟長。盟長的職能是聯絡、通報總堂行政方向和政䇿,但不干涉分堂的內政事務。1903年孫文到檀香山投靠他大哥孫眉,試圖籌款宣傳,但香山(中山人)同鄉梓里,因他是清廷欽犯,多不與理會,工作毫無進展,故想到美洲大陸發展。但美國與清廷有邦交,更有「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%9A%87%E4%BC%9A" title="保皇会">保皇會</a>」在美國主要城市的活動勢力。因此,亦不敢貿然行動。 </p><p>孫眉與黃三德是舊交,為幫助孫文到美洲發展,於是去信黃三德求教,因為洪門組織遍及南北美洲,只有洪門才可保孫文周全。惟一條件是,孫文必須是洪門會員。鑒於孫文的反清志向,與洪門的宗旨相同,故黃三德修書檀香山「國安會館」的鐘水養叔父,由黃三德自己作保人,薦孫文入門,由六十多會員見證,破格扎為「紅棍」,方便日後同門手足尊重招呼。亦因此,1904年5月,孫文由檀島抵達舊金山時,因保皇會告發,被海關以清廷欽犯身份扣押。致公堂才可循洪門則章,傾盡財力,按押堂產,延請華府律師解救「同門」,17天後孫文獲釋。 </p><p>1925年10月10日,在美國舊金山召開的五洲洪門懇親大會決定,成立<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國致公黨">中國致公黨</a>,1925年10月,中国致公党第一次代表大会选举<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%82%AF%E6%98%8E" title="陈炯明">陈炯明</a>为党的总理。12月陈炯明退居香港,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%BB%A8%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中央黨部">中央黨部</a>設於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>,而陳炯明、唐繼堯被推舉為正副總理,現主要分佈於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>。中國致公黨參加了中華人民共和國成立的事業,是1949年之前中國大陸八個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A%E6%B4%BE" title="民主党派">民主黨派</a>之一。 </p><p>1946年7月,在中國上海召開的五洲洪門懇親大會決議於9月1日成立中國洪門民治黨,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%BE%92%E7%BE%8E%E5%A0%82" title="司徒美堂">司徒美堂</a>、趙昱為正副主席,中央黨部設於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>,現主要分佈在海外。 </p><p>2010年5月21日,於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國內政部">內政部</a>登記成立第一個以“洪門”為正式名稱的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>即是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國洪門致公黨">中國洪門致公黨</a>(政黨證字第167號),乃台灣洪門二房致公堂系統,係以“事謀國家進展為先,時以人民福祉為念”為宗旨,由台灣洪門致公堂總堂主蕭明英(圓寶)暨洪門龍兄虎弟等於台灣<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%84%E5%B8%82" title="高雄市">高雄市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E9%A4%A8" title="國軍英雄館">國軍英雄館</a>忠誠廳正式成立,並尊中華民國國父<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="孫文">孫文</a>(中山)為總理,公舉由台灣洪門致公堂總堂主蕭明英擔任主席、中國洪門春寶山集團大龍頭李鳳山(鳳閣)大哥為永遠榮譽主席,其總部亦設於台灣高雄市,現黨員主要分佈在台灣暨海內外等地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="洪門的發展"><span id=".E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>洪門的發展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:洪門的發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東南亞"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E5.8D.97.E4.BA.9E"></span>東南亞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:東南亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>清中、晚期,洪門山堂支系遍及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97" title="江南">江南</a>及中國各地,甚至發展到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>及歐、美各國,會員以百萬稱。由於頑強抗清,洪門會黨成為了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a>的重要同盟軍。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%91%BE" title="秋瑾">秋瑾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%88%90%E7%AB%A0" title="陶成章">陶成章</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a>黨人曾先後加入洪門相關組織,孫中山先生甚至直稱洪門為民族老革命黨,天地會是唯一的中國革命團體。 </p><p>在清廷的鎮壓下,洪門會黨轉向海外發展組織,並始終站在各國<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%95%86" title="華商">華商</a>僑胞反抗新、老殖民主義剝削壓迫的前沿,因而引起早期西方殖民政權的仇視與重視。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>皇帝為剿滅洪門會黨,舉東南數省之力搜尋洪門會史,雖累積了約數百萬字的案牘文書,但仍感「終無確據」。 </p><p>洪門為推翻清廷的革命作出了巨大的貢獻;<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a>領導人之一<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9A%E4%BA%BA%E9%B3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="譚人鳳">譚人鳳</a>在《社團改進會意見書》中寫道:“<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="革命">革命</a>(辛亥革命)之成,實種於二百年于前之洪門會黨”“在運動之初,惟洪門兄弟能守秘密。發動之後,亦惟洪門兄弟能聽指揮。”“人無論遠近,事無論險夷,人人奮勇,個個當先,卒有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%98%8C%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="武昌起義">武昌起義</a>,各省回應,不數月而共和告成,軍隊之功,實亦洪門兄弟之功。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於洪門素有革命性質,神秘色彩未除,因此在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華民國政府">中華民國中央政府</a>播遷<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>後,長期未允洪門申請為公開的民間<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%9C%98" class="mw-disambig" title="社團">社團</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%9A%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="解嚴">解嚴</a>以後,洪門於1989年各山堂始組成社團法人「中華民國社會事業建設促進會」與外界交流,然而當時「洪門」二字猶未允公開使用。 </p><p>2004年1月11日,洪門南華山堂在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國內政部">中華民國內政部</a>登記成立「財團法人國際洪門中華民國總會」,始擁法人地位,為一般民間團體。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國內政部">中華民國內政部</a>登記的洪門相關<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>有: </p> <ul><li>原名中國台灣致公黨(政黨證字第098號);2017年12月16日,改名為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E9%BB%A8" title="中華民族致公黨">中華民族致公黨</a>。</li> <li>2010年5月21日,於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8" title="中華民國內政部">內政部</a>登記成立第一個以“洪門”為正式名稱的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="政黨">政黨</a>即是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國洪門致公黨">中國洪門致公黨</a>(政黨證字第167號),公舉由台灣洪門致公堂總堂主蕭明英為主席,宗旨係以“事謀國家進展為先,時以人民福祉為念”為宗旨。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%92%E8%93%AE%E9%BB%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中國青蓮黨(页面不存在)">中國青蓮黨</a>(政黨證字第184號),洪門青蓮堂系統,由世界公認之長房青蓮堂總堂主洪棍何俊元為主席。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80%E9%BB%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="中國新洪門黨(页面不存在)">中國新洪門黨</a>(政黨證字第200號)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80%E5%85%B1%E6%BF%9F%E9%BB%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="台灣洪門共濟黨(页面不存在)">台灣洪門共濟黨</a>(政黨證字第262號)等。</li></ul> <p>今台灣大部分之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E9%A0%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="山頭(页面不存在)">山頭</a>多以哥老會為主。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國大陸"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.B8"></span>中國大陸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:中國大陸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg/220px-Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg/330px-Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg/440px-Zhi_Gong_Party_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>1925年中国致公党成立</figcaption></figure> <p>1925年10月10日,在美國舊金山召開的五洲洪門懇親大會決定,成立<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國致公黨">中國致公黨</a>。1925年10月,中國致公党第一次代表大会选举<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%82%AF%E6%98%8E" title="陈炯明">陈炯明</a>为党的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="总理">总理</a>。1925年12月陈炯明退居<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>,中國致公黨中央黨部設於香港,而陳炯明、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B9%BC%E5%A0%AF" title="唐繼堯">唐繼堯</a>被推舉為正副總理。 </p><p>1949年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>成立后,中国致公党响应<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">中国共产党</a>的多党参政政策,成为中华人民共和国八大参政党之一。2007年4月,中国致公党中央副主席<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E9%92%A2" title="万钢">万钢</a>被任命為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国科学技术部">中华人民共和国科学技术部</a>部长,萬鋼及接任第13届中国致公党中央主席,並兼<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国人民政治协商会议第十一届全国委员会">中國人民政治協商會議第十一屆全國委員會</a>副主席,成爲自傅作義過世後30多年來首位非中國共產黨籍的部長,以聯繫海外洪門華僑團體回歸祖國。 </p><p>至于其他洪门分支组织大多奉行避世,据指在中国大陆现在存在着的洪门分支大多是辛亥革命时期的洪门组织遗留。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span>加拿大</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80%E6%B0%91%E6%B2%BB%E9%BB%A8" title="中國洪門民治黨">中国洪门民治党</a>驻加总部在温哥华唐人街,1888年成立。</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG/200px-Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG/300px-Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG/400px-Toronto_Chinese_Freemasons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>多伦多洪门民治党</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E6%B0%91%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%9A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="多伦多洪门民治党(页面不存在)">多伦多洪门民治党</a>成立于1894年,总部设于多伦多唐人街。辛亥革命时曾資以款項协助<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="孙中山">孙中山</a>實踐反清起義。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美國"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9C.8B"></span>美國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:美國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/1840%E5%B9%B4" title="1840年">1840年</a>前,只有少數華人移民北美地區;直到19世紀中葉,華人移民人數急遽增加,在當時估計已有數十萬中國移民。其包含傳言中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>的將領<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%BC%94%E6%B8%85" title="楊輔清">楊輔清</a>在反清起義失敗後,逃至美國舊金山成立秘密社團。到了20世紀,華人移民已在北美各大城市開枝散葉發展出<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97" title="唐人街">唐人街</a>並組織起「堂」(公會、公所)的次文化。舊金山是美國最早出現華人秘密社團的城市,在1882年建立第一個會所<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%85%AC%E6%89%80" title="中華公所">中華公所</a>(由六個會館組成);其他較著名的則有: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%94%E5%8B%9D%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="協勝公會(页面不存在)">協勝堂</a>:紐約及其他13個州的分支機構。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%89%AF%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="安良工商會">安良堂</a>:紐約。</li> <li>秉公堂:加利福尼亞州、華盛頓州。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%83%E5%8B%9D%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="萃勝工商會(页面不存在)">萃勝堂</a>:加利福尼亞州、俄勒岡州、美國華盛頓州及加拿大。</li> <li>合勝堂:加利福尼亞州、俄勒岡州、華盛頓州、愛達荷州、科羅拉多州。</li></ul> <p>其他尚有協義堂、金蘭公所、萃英堂、英端堂、廣德堂等等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="組織"><span id=".E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94"></span>組織</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:組織"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>洪門組織之優點是有縱橫系統,如在職位名稱上有<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="龍頭">龍頭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="坐館">坐堂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%B7%E5%A0%82&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="執堂(页面不存在)">執堂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E8%85%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="心腹(页面不存在)">心腹</a>、巡風到么滿的縱列,又有「言談」、「手勢」等的橫向系統。即使第一次見面的洪門弟兄,一見手勢動止,一聞「春典隱語」,一說「花亭結義」,則是兄弟也,即是生死之交,若原有仇恨也化為玉帛。這種縱橫系統,言談隱語、手勢均是洪門博學之士所編造的,在世界上並無其他任何<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="秘密组织">秘密組織</a>所能望其項背。洪門組織對入會無資格限制,僅須有介紹人,加入後彼此以手足相待,所以雖是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="秘密组织">秘密組織</a>,但發展迅速,由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>延伸至<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中國大陆</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96" class="mw-disambig" title="海外">海外</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="哥老會、袍哥"><span id=".E5.93.A5.E8.80.81.E6.9C.83.E3.80.81.E8.A2.8D.E5.93.A5"></span>哥老會、袍哥</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:哥老會、袍哥"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下之組織乃四川、長江流域<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%9A" title="袍哥会">哥老會</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="袍哥">袍哥</a>之山堂組織架構: </p> <ul><li>忠義總堂(「山 、堂、水、香」四字號) <ul><li>山主;或稱「寨主」、「<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="龍頭">龍頭</a>」大爺。</li> <li>副山主;或稱「副寨主」、「副<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="龍頭">龍頭</a>」大爺。</li></ul></li> <li>內八堂(內八堂皆為在朝「京官」、內閣閣員) <ul><li>香長;或稱「聖堂」大爺、開香堂時的主香人,為客卿。</li> <li>盟證;或稱「中堂」大爺、開香堂時的盟誓人,為客卿。</li> <li>坐堂;或稱「左相」大爺、總管山寨事務。</li> <li>陪堂;或稱「右相」大爺、協助總管山寨事務。</li> <li>管堂;或稱「總閣」大爺、負責人事升降賞罰。</li> <li>執堂;或稱「尚書」大爺、負責人員組訓工作。</li> <li>禮堂;或稱「東閣」大爺、負責教育禮儀。</li> <li>刑堂;或稱「西閣」大爺、執掌刑法。</li> <li>護印大爺</li> <li>護劍大爺</li></ul></li> <li>外八堂(外八堂為「軍隊」「分支」) <ul><li>心腹;「刑副」大爺、領軍武將。</li> <li>聖賢;「聖賢」二爺、軍師、負責謀畫(谋划)。</li> <li>恆侯;「當家」三爺、總管財務、糧餉等內務,又分披紅與插花。</li> <li>金鳳;「金鳳」四姐。</li> <li>管事;「管事」五爺、負責對外及總務,又分承行、執法、紅旗、藍旗、黑旗、青剛。</li> <li>巡風;「花冠」六爺、負責巡查,又分內巡風、外巡山、鎮山(光口)。</li> <li>銀鳳;「銀鳳」七姐。</li> <li>賢牌;「賢牌」八爺、登記功過、替人講情,又分白袍與八德。</li> <li>江口;「江口」九爺、職司掛牌,凡開山立堂,栽培新進或辦提陞之儀式人員,又分檢口、抖口、守口。</li> <li>么滿;「么滿」大爺、或稱「<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%85%E9%96%80" title="轅門">轅門</a>」,負責雜務的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B5" title="士兵">士兵</a>,又分總么滿、執法么滿、轅門、大么、小么、大滿、小滿、銅章、鐵印。</li> <li>少保;或稱「少姪」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%BF%9D" title="太保">太保</a>」,在組織裏的位階只有半步,入會人通常為未成年者,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E5%9C%98" class="mw-disambig" title="社團">社團</a>先予以記名,在組織裏見習並學習仁義。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="三合會_2"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.88.E6.9C.83_2"></span>三合會</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:三合會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下為珠江流域、東南沿海<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="三合會">三合會</a>組織架構,地緣關係與南洋地區的公所、會黨較為相似: </p> <ul><li>龍頭(四八九),又稱「坐館」、或稱「話事人」;為全社團最高領導人。</li> <li>二路元帥(四三八),又稱「香主、先鋒」;每堂口設有一名或多名,在平時二路如非坐館有職無權。</li> <li>紅棍(四二六),俗稱「揸fit人」<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span>;簡稱十二底,多是金牌打仔;眾四二六中最傑出者則被尊為雙花紅棍,意指文武全才。</li> <li>白紙扇(四一五),又稱「先生」「白扇」;簡稱十底。負責文職,講數,亦負責社團財務,管理數簿,為社團軍師。</li> <li>草鞋(四三二),又稱「鐵板」;簡稱九底(九底以上通稱為大底)。負責「信差」,對內外事務之聯繫。</li> <li>四九仔(四九),又稱「馬仔」(洪門大典開堂收馬);經入會儀式入會者則為四九,為普通會員。</li> <li>揸數,又稱「講數」,通常負責社團財務,管理數簿,屬文職,多由「白紙扇」兼任。</li> <li>掛藍燈籠,所有有意入會而未經儀式之非正式會員。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="南洋私會黨"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E6.B4.8B.E7.A7.81.E6.9C.83.E9.BB.A8"></span>南洋私會黨</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="编辑章节:南洋私會黨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下為星馬華人私會黨、公司、公所的組織架構: </p> <ul><li>大哥:也被稱「總理、元帥」,在星馬私會黨公司中,皆是指首領,是會黨的精神象徵。</li> <li>二哥、三哥:為私會黨公司中的副首領、助理首領。在大哥、二哥、三哥之下,各自帶領白扇、財副、虎將(先鋒)等。</li> <li>先生:先生者,須熟悉口令、詩句、禮儀,且通常較為年長,不屬於特定的公司;只有在主持入會儀式時,聘請先生出現。</li> <li>紅棍:被視為「法官」,與先生一樣不屬於特定的公司,只在會黨發生糾紛時,擔任仲裁角色。</li> <li>白扇:為會黨各香堂的軍師、頭目;有權發號司令,代表會黨對外談判,對內處理會務。</li> <li>財副:負責會黨財務管理,許多財副是由大哥或白扇兼任。組織規模大者,又有櫃匙(會計)、收櫃(出納)等職稱。</li> <li>虎將:也有稱「先鋒」者(如大伯公),為會黨的打手、小頭目,負責領兵維護地盤、收取規費等。</li> <li>草鞋:也被稱「鐵板」,會黨中擔任「信差」的小頭目,負責傳遞情報訊息、命令,領兵執行任務。</li> <li>馬仔:人數最多的普通會員。年資較深可帶新人入會者,被稱「老馬」或「帶馬」。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="天地會"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E5.9C.B0.E6.9C.83"></span>天地會</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="编辑章节:天地會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>傳統天地會大致上只有大哥與師傅(軍師)兩種稱謂,發起人為大哥,熟悉儀式者為師傅;隨著規模與人數增加,內部分工與職稱愈多細膩。然而,成立時間與地點不同的情況下,同職稱確有不同含義,也時有所見,如有「先生」與「香主」,在職稱上不同,但職務與地位相似的情形。不過天地會發展到成熟時期,一般只有三個主要職務統稱「三花及第」(指頭頂配戴的龍眼雙花、牡丹單花、鳳雀雙花),其職務具有以下共同特徵,分別象徵權力的「棍」、謀略的「扇」及行動的「鞋」: </p> <ul><li>洪<b>棍</b>(四二六,十二<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%AF" title="地支">地支</a>)統帥、爐主、總理大哥、負責開檯以及主持一切事務。</li> <li>紙<b>扇</b>(四一五,十<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="天干">天干</a>)軍師、師博、書房主,掌兵權、管錢糧。</li> <li>草<b>鞋</b>(四三二,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%AE%AE" title="九宮">九宮</a>)領兵將軍、頭目、具備文韜武略特質,傳遞情報、命令、執行任務。</li></ul> <p>在三個主要「及第」職務的底下就是 </p> <ul><li>會員(四九,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%A9%E7%BD%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="三十六天罡(页面不存在)">三十六天罡</a>;乃十八陰十八陽四九分)普通成員、士兵。</li></ul> <p>此外,後來衍生出在特定場合時(如開檯儀式等)才會出現「有職無位」的象徵性職務,即所謂「檯上有,檯下無」,大致有: </p> <ul><li>先生、香主(四八九)<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="陳近南">陳近南</a>職、熟悉教條禮儀、主持入會儀式。其詩詞,意喻主持儀式之職(四八九)仍是由資歷深、地位高的師博(四一五)在特定場合受爐主邀請來擔任,儀式結束即完成任務,領取謝酬後走人,並不直接涉入該組織事務。</li> <li>先鋒(四三八)<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%8B%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="洪英">天佑洪</a>職、領兵打頭陣;則是在特定場合由眾領兵將軍(四三二)中最優秀者由爐主推薦所扮演,協助儀式的進行,儀式結束後即恢復原本身分。</li></ul> <p>以上各職務並搭配「天干 地支 九宮 太極 易經」及歷史詩句等隱語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="會簿(廣東三合會的海底)"><span id=".E6.9C.83.E7.B0.BF.EF.BC.88.E5.BB.A3.E6.9D.B1.E4.B8.89.E5.90.88.E6.9C.83.E7.9A.84.E6.B5.B7.E5.BA.95.EF.BC.89"></span>會簿(廣東三合會的海底)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="编辑章节:會簿(廣東三合會的海底)"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>組織之秘密會冊,只有組織之高層擁有。內容為組織組成之歷史、現任組織名單、組成結構、入會形式、誓詞、違反組織之刑法、背(隱)語、手語、在公眾地方表達為組織中人之方式。隱語為「海底」,又名「金不換」。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%90%85" title="施琅">施琅</a>攻台時(1683年),<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%BD" title="鄭克塽">鄭克塽</a>將其祖父<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" title="鄭成功">鄭成功</a>開山(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="金台山(页面不存在)">金台山</a>)立堂(明遠堂)有關洪門<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>中的文件、名冊、印信等裝入鐵箱密封,沉入海底。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="三合會會簿"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.88.E6.9C.83.E6.9C.83.E7.B0.BF"></span>三合會會簿</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="编辑章节:三合會會簿"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>民國洪門中人<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%8A%E6%9D%BE%E7%94%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="樊松甫(页面不存在)">樊松甫</a>曾撰文說:1848年(道光28年、事隔166年後<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>前期),<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="永寧">永寧</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B0%B8%E6%B3%B0" title="郭永泰">郭永泰</a>開盡忠山,持有在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a>漁人手內獲得的《金台山實錄》,所以定名為「海底」。以後之三合會會簿,由此演變出來。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="遺址及歷史考證"><span id=".E9.81.BA.E5.9D.80.E5.8F.8A.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2.E8.80.83.E8.AD.89"></span>遺址及歷史考證</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="编辑章节:遺址及歷史考證"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>『洪門志』道聽塗說,云:「鄭成功據守台灣,推進漢留組織,開山立堂,定名為金台山,明倫堂;並遣<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%94%A1%E5%BE%B7%E5%BF%A0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蔡德忠(页面不存在)">蔡德忠</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="方大洪(页面不存在)">方大洪</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="胡德帝(页面不存在)">胡德帝</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E8%B6%85%E8%88%88&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="馬超興(页面不存在)">馬超興</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%8F%E9%96%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="李式開(页面不存在)">李式開</a>等,向中原發展。」「金台山」明倫堂是第一山堂,其根本交結條是: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>會合賢能<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" title="鄭成功">鄭成功</a>,文武全才興漢留,<br /> 據守<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>稱將領,部眾勇武抗<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="清兵">清兵</a>,<br /> 天下英雄風雲會,金台山堂首創立,<br /> 軍中誓盟結仁義,同心協力把漢留。 </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重大影響"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E5.A4.A7.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>重大影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="编辑章节:重大影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%A7%80%E5%85%A8" title="洪秀全">洪秀全</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="廣西">廣西</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%94%B0%E6%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="金田村">金田村</a>起兵反清,軍稱太平軍,建立太平天國,登基稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%8B_(%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="天王 (君主)">天王</a>,定鼎<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="金陵">金陵</a>,得力於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>三合會。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%80%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="小刀會">小刀會</a>首領<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%BA%97%E5%B7%9D" title="劉麗川">劉麗川</a>1845年於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>參加洪門組織三合會、同年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="英屬香港">英屬香港</a>響應清廷建議取締三合會。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>的革命事業,在檀香山時,由三合會首領介紹入會,並開立山堂,改組<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a>,創立<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="興中會">興中會</a>,山堂名“大陸山”。孫中山的「孫文學說」上說:「…迨至<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99" title="康熙">康熙</a>之世,清勢已盛,而明朝之忠烈亦死亡殆盡,二、三遺老見大勢已去,無可挽回,乃欲以民族主義之根苗流傳後代,故以反清復明之宗旨結為團體,以待後有起者可藉為資也。此乃洪門創設之本意也。」 </p> <ul><li>二戰後,三合會在香港演變成犯罪組織。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他影響"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>其他影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="编辑章节:其他影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣清治時期">台灣清領時期</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%B4" title="朱一貴">朱一貴</a>在康熙六十年(1721)起義,七日佔領全<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>,即借助洪門的力量。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>(1711-1799)時<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="莆田">莆田</a>、福清之<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>(一說成立於乾隆26年)領袖萬提喜(又稱萬提起、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%9B%B2%E9%BE%8D" title="萬雲龍">萬雲龍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%BE%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="雲龍和尚">雲龍和尚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E4%BA%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="洪二和尚">洪二和尚</a>)事件。</li> <li>台灣,出自福建天地會的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%88%BD%E6%96%87" title="林爽文">林爽文</a>(1787)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E6%BD%AE%E6%98%A5" title="戴潮春">戴潮春</a>(1862)等武裝反清事件。</li> <li>1855年,兩廣<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E5%9B%BD" title="大成国">大成國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E8%8C%82" title="李文茂">李文茂</a> 事件。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>時代,在官方長期的掃蕩下,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>民間對天地會仍然持續暗地而傳承下來。今日在鹿港就建有福靈宮,專為洪門天地會<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%88%BD%E6%96%87" title="林爽文">林爽文</a>反清起義事件所設立,其主神位是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%88%BD%E6%96%87" title="林爽文">林爽文</a>的平海大將軍「王勳」。另外在台中縣沙鹿「福興宮」,也是崇拜在林爽文事件中,以標榜「反清復明」<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="九龍山">九龍山</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8B%B3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="王勳">王勳</a>,尊為主神來祭祀。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="會黨(社團)與教門"><span id=".E6.9C.83.E9.BB.A8.EF.BC.88.E7.A4.BE.E5.9C.98.EF.BC.89.E8.88.87.E6.95.99.E9.96.80"></span>會黨(社團)與教門</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="编辑章节:會黨(社團)與教門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>近代中國秘密會社,分為「教」及「會」兩大類:「教」結合宗教信仰,普遍盛行於華北;「會」則為「異姓兄弟」,歃血結盟,多盛行於華南。天地會的源地福建漳、泉,長期盛行械鬥。鄉間人口少的姓氏以異姓結拜聯合對抗人口多的大姓,是「異姓結會」的社會源頭。清初到乾隆年間人口大增。福建、粵東人多地少。至乾隆中葉,大量無地農民成為流動人口。湧入各地都邑城鎮,為小商販、力役、或江湖遊子,無業遊民。加入秘密會社,多基於尋求保護的生活需要。入會者,不外幾個原因:互助以免被欺凌;無業遊民聚眾、搶劫、拒捕、綁票勒贖、械鬥、尋仇、收保護費;以傳會斂錢。 </p><p><br /> 清朝乾隆時,洪門遭多番圍攻,加上乾隆重用漢人、廣興<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%8D%84" title="文字獄">文字獄</a>、弗准民眾聚會,具規模的反滿武裝和文學組織難以延續,代之而起的便是地方性的社團和教門。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a>之始,革命党人說<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三合会">三合会</a>是以“反清复明”而成立的,是基於政治上的需要。他們需要争取国内的会党及海外的华侨支持,所以可以合作的会党,皆視為洪门组织。由於當時的会党是现成的有势力组织,加上海外的经济支援。同盟会提出“革命排满”來作号召。 </p><p>清代<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="暗語">暗語</a>說:「瓶中太滿水須走,青葉紅花白蓮藕」,即是意指「反對滿清的幫會,有青幫、洪門、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%93%AE%E6%95%99" title="白蓮教">白蓮教</a>三大主力」,又有俗諺說「紅花綠葉白蓮藕(指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="洪門">洪門</a>、青幫、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%93%AE%E6%95%99" title="白蓮教">白蓮教</a>),三教原來是一家」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="白蓮教"><span id=".E7.99.BD.E8.93.AE.E6.95.99"></span>白蓮教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="编辑章节:白蓮教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%93%AE%E6%95%99" title="白蓮教">白蓮教</a>始見於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>。清朝中期,由於耕地不足、農民生養艱困,白蓮教教徒在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="四川">四川</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西">陝西</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖北">湖北</a>一帶以農具反抗清朝地方政府,他們自稱「精通<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%89%93" title="神打">神打</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E6%A7%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="刀槍不入">刀枪不入</a>」,所以清廷稱他們為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E9%97%A8%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="白门邪教(页面不存在)">白门邪教</a>;后期发展到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>。又名「二四红宫」、「二四老君」。历时长久洪门实力范围不断广大,白门已面临末期,許多教友私下加入洪门。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="青幫與洪門"><span id=".E9.9D.92.E5.B9.AB.E8.88.87.E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80"></span>青幫與洪門</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="编辑章节:青幫與洪門"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>為了避免衝突,兩派仍多稱「青洪一家」,所謂「紅花綠葉白蓮藕(指<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="洪門">洪門</a>、青幫、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%93%AE%E6%95%99" title="白蓮教">白蓮教</a>),三教原來是一家」。尤其清末<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%BB%A8" title="中華革命黨">革命黨</a>思想勃興,不少青幫弟子也開始反清,兩派逐漸減少敵對。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拜上帝會"><span id=".E6.8B.9C.E4.B8.8A.E5.B8.9D.E6.9C.83"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%83" title="拜上帝會">拜上帝會</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="编辑章节:拜上帝會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1843年由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%A7%80%E5%85%A8" title="洪秀全">洪秀全</a>成立,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>的前身;有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>眾參與其中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="廣東三合會"><span id=".E5.BB.A3.E6.9D.B1.E4.B8.89.E5.90.88.E6.9C.83"></span>廣東三合會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="编辑章节:廣東三合會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>台灣林爽文起事後,在清律中明令禁止天地會,為首及情願入伙者,俱擬斬立決。為避官府追查,改名為「三點會」、「三合會」。道光十年(1830年),給事中劉光三一封奏折中稱:"廣東會匪,最為民害者,則有三點會,所謂,開口不離本,舉手不離三,粵東土民,莫不周知"。可見其時三合會在廣東已廣傳。1848年後,有關三合會的會簿(洪門會冊)傳說,據稱一福建漁民於海底所獲。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%BB%A3" title="兩廣">兩廣</a>的洪門組織於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>起義後(1851年),互相聯絡結盟、組織成三合會,曾於<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%8A%E8%8A%B1%E6%9C%83%E9%A4%A8" title="瓊花會館">瓊花會館</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%88%B9" title="紅船">紅船</a>中會議,發動<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%BB%A3" title="兩廣">兩廣</a>(特別在大城市,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="佛山">佛山</a>)的大武術<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="团体">團體</a>中成立堂口,訓練<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E5%85%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="洪兵(页面不存在)">洪兵</a>。 </p><p>得悉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>定都<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="金陵">金陵</a>後,1854年,三合會<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E8%8C%82" title="李文茂">李文茂</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%85%B5%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="洪兵起義">洪兵起義</a>,引起清廷火燒瓊花會館及所有紅船。之後三合會則傳出火燒<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B0%91%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="南少林寺">南少林寺</a>的傳說、說當時的不同南拳門派都源出福建<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%9E%97%E5%AF%BA" title="少林寺">少林寺</a>之少林五老,目的是將原來不團結的武術團體組織一起,共同反清。 </p><p>兩廣三合會會簿記錄:“其時(南)少林寺,武風甚盛,招清廷忌,派兵圍捕,攻而不下。適有新科<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="狀元">狀元</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E7%B6%AD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="陳文維(页面不存在)">陳文維</a>者,邀寵獻議,設法勾通寺僧馬甯兒等,四處縱火,裏應外合,少林寺被毀,僧徒四散。於是至善禪師(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%8B%B3" title="洪拳">洪拳</a>領袖)與白眉道人(<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%9C%89%E6%B4%BE" title="白眉派">白眉派</a>領袖)、五枚師太(<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%8B%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="詠春拳">詠春拳</a>之祖師)、苗顯(廣州<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%8B%B3" title="花拳">花拳</a>首領)、馮道德等五人亦分途出走。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="形成背景"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E6.88.90.E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>形成背景</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="编辑章节:形成背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>嘉、道年間,福建、廣東、廣西等地人口繼續幾何級數增長,破產農民和流動人口有增無減,為秘密會社提供大量發展空間。清初至道光,福建人口增長為十二倍,廣東為二十四倍,廣西更為三十倍。三合會隨著流動人口及移民,由福建廣東傳至廣西、貴州、雲南、江西各省。道光年間,三合會在廣西堂口即數以百計,已發展至「幾無村不有大哥」。三合會在地方結合土匪,結盟拜會,剽掠为生。或借「團練」、保鑣等名目,向各行業收取地方保護費。 </p><p>鴉片戰爭前的十年,道光十一年(1831年),已有報告指三合會漫延華南五六省,人數不計其數,而且吏役、兵丁等,亦多為三合會,鄉間搶刼頻頻,多與三合會有關。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%89%87%E5%BE%90" class="mw-redirect" title="林則徐">林則徐</a>1839年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%96%80%E9%8A%B7%E7%85%99" class="mw-redirect" title="虎門銷煙">虎門銷煙</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鴉片戰爭">鴉片戰爭</a>,林則徐知道<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="英軍">英軍</a>會用軍艦攻<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="粵">粵</a>報復,一早已經組織好<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>各鄉鎮地區之民兵團,特別是三江流域及海岸,屯守海衛。 </p><p>1843年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="南京條約">南京條約</a>簽訂後,開放了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%A3%E9%80%9A%E5%95%86" title="五口通商">五口通商</a>,英國人有進入廣州城內的權利。廣東城內的士族、民眾堅決反對,表示倘夷入城,嗚鼓攻之。<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E8%8B%B1" title="耆英">耆英</a>按照皇帝旨意,遵守已簽定的國際條約,保持與英國和平。無知及昧於國際形勢的土人,轉為對<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="滿清">滿清</a>地方政府怒狠。他們曾嘯聚數千人帶刀械,燒毀知府衙門。 </p><p>五口通商以後,廣東失去對外貿易壟斷而經濟衰敗,無業遊民大增。戰時由林則除在廣東各地成立的民團,變成散兵游勇,為三合會溫床。三合會及其他會黨在兩廣迅速壯大,不斷起義,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>起義。及後1854年,兩廣之各個三合會同時起義,成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E5%9B%BD" title="大成国">大成国</a>。其時的洪門人士,多來自廣東三江流域。大成国群龍無首,攻取廣州城失敗,被<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%90%8D%E7%90%9B" title="葉名琛">葉名琛</a>逐個擊破;對洪門子弟大開殺戒。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%B3%95%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="英法聯軍">英法聯軍</a>入侵<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>時,<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%90%8D%E7%90%9B" title="葉名琛">葉名琛</a>亦不主張動用民間團練。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>派遣<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E7%88%BE%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="額爾金">額爾金</a>於1857年12月中,聯合法軍發動佔領廣州戰爭,由於<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%90%8D%E7%90%9B" title="葉名琛">葉名琛</a>認為英法聯軍不會從陸路攻擊,沒有防禦之打算。不理<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E7%A6%BA%E5%8C%BA" title="番禺区">番禺</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7" title="南海">南海</a>各界招募鄉勇之議,導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>城迅速陷落。反而英軍沿途遭到各鄉勇自發抗戰。廣州於12月29日淪陷。英法成立委員會監督滿清官員<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E8%B2%B4" title="柏貴">柏貴</a>復職。柏貴治理廣州期間,英軍曾搜查多處團練機構,此舉更加深了各鄉鎮洪門人士對清廷及英人之不滿。 </p><p>1858年,英軍入城後,有關的社團及會黨為了自保,加入三合會的地下活動,後參與革命黨。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="上海廣東帮派-小刀會"><span id=".E4.B8.8A.E6.B5.B7.E5.BB.A3.E6.9D.B1.E5.B8.AE.E6.B4.BE.EF.BC.8D.E5.B0.8F.E5.88.80.E6.9C.83"></span>上海廣東帮派-小刀會</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="编辑章节:上海廣東帮派-小刀會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1849年,經營<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="砂糖">砂糖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="茶葉">茶葉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%B6%E7%B5%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="蠶絲">蠶絲</a>生意的香山人<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%BA%97%E5%B7%9D" title="劉麗川">劉麗川</a>,来到上海,建立同鄉會廣肇會館,他是著名的小刀會首领。當時廣肇帮中以香山人最多,人数有两萬多。小刀会起義失败后被清政府焚毁。可見廣東帮派傳入上海。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他_2"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96_2"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="编辑章节:其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="天地會">天地會</a>流傳極廣,其他尚有「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="清水會(页面不存在)">清水會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%95%E9%A6%96%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="匕首會(页面不存在)">匕首會</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E8%80%81%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="哥老会">哥老會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%99%E5%88%80%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雙刀會(页面不存在)">雙刀會</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%80%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="小刀會">小刀會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%85%E6%97%97%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="紅旗會(页面不存在)">紅旗會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%8D%E4%BB%94%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="劍仔會(页面不存在)">劍仔會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%A6%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="八卦會(页面不存在)">八卦會</a>」、「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%BB%E5%BC%9F%E6%9C%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="添弟會(页面不存在)">添弟會</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="三合會">三合會</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%B9%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="紅幫">紅幫</a>」及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="袍哥會">袍哥會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%A7%8D%E6%9C%83" title="紅槍會">紅槍會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%99%E6%9C%83" title="黃沙會">黃沙會</a>等名稱。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日月會"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.88.E6.9C.83"></span>日月會</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36" title="编辑章节:日月會"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日月为明 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="滿洲化的洪門會黨"><span id=".E6.BB.BF.E6.B4.B2.E5.8C.96.E7.9A.84.E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E6.9C.83.E9.BB.A8"></span>滿洲化的洪門會黨</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="编辑章节:滿洲化的洪門會黨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E8%AC%9B" class="extiw" title="s:三民主義/民族主義第三講">三民主義/民族主義第三講</a></b></div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孫中山">孫中山</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="三民主義">三民主義</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="民族主義">民族主義</a>第三講中曾以一段文章舉例: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">華僑在海外的會黨極多,有洪門三合會,即<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a>。他們原來的宗旨,本是反清復明,抱有種族主義的;因為保皇主義流行到海外以後,他們就歸化<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%9A%87%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="保皇黨">保皇黨</a>,專想保護大清皇室的安全。故由有種族主義的會黨,反變去保護滿洲皇帝。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>表示洪門會黨歸化了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%9A%87%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="保皇黨">保皇黨</a>,去保護滿族皇帝,不是原本<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%A9%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="反清復明">反清復明</a>的洪門會黨。 </p><p>孫文之後又一段文: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">中國的民族主義,自清初以來保存了很久。從左宗棠做了大龍頭之後,他知道其中的詳情,就把馬頭破壞了,會黨的各機關都消滅了。所以到我們革命的時候,便無機關可用。這個洪門會黨都被人利用了,所以中國的民族主義,真是老早亡了。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>表示洪門馬頭早已遭到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%A3%A0" title="左宗棠">左宗棠</a>破壞,所以到了孫中山要革命的時候,便無機關可用。孫中山舉兩例證明,正統道統中國「祖族河洛」民族主義,早就韃虜雜化敗亡了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="小说中的洪門天地会"><span id=".E5.B0.8F.E8.AF.B4.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E6.B4.AA.E9.96.80.E5.A4.A9.E5.9C.B0.E4.BC.9A"></span>小说中的洪門天地会</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="编辑章节:小说中的洪門天地会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E9%BC%8E%E8%AE%B0" title="鹿鼎记">鹿鼎记</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 19em; font-size: 90%;"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; font-size: 150%; background: MediumAquamarine;">天地会<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:PaleGoldenrod;;">小说</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E9%BC%8E%E8%AE%B0" title="鹿鼎记">鹿鼎记</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:PaleGoldenrod;;">时代</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:PaleGoldenrod;;">祖师</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F" title="鄭成功">萬雲龍</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%AB" title="青幫">青幫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%93%AE%E6%95%99" title="白蓮教">白蓮教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%8D%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%9A" title="袍哥会">袍哥会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E5%B9%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="華幫(页面不存在)">華幫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三合会">三合会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%BF%9F%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="共濟會">共濟會</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%8F%E7%9F%A9%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="規矩會">規矩會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%94%9F%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美生會">美生會</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%8D%E6%98%8E" title="反清复明">反清复明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%BE%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="雲龍和尚">雲龍和尚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%96" title="少林五祖">少林五祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="同盟会">同盟会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%A0%82" title="致公堂">致公堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%87%B4%E5%85%AC%E5%85%9A" title="中国致公党">中国致公党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中國武術">中國武術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%8B%B3" title="南拳">南拳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E6%B0%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="劉永福">劉永福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A7%81%E4%BC%9A%E5%85%9A" title="马来西亚私会党">马来西亚私会党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="公司">公司</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40" title="编辑章节:註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">英文「<span lang="en">chief</span>」的諧音。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41" title="编辑章节:參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">伟烈亚力 《中国研究·中国的秘密会社》Alexander Wylie, Secret Society in China, China Researches, p131, 1897, Shanghai, 美国Nabu公有文献重印出版社</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qsyj.ruc.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract2697.shtml">破解天地会起源之谜</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-09-01</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901180238/http://qsyj.ruc.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract2697.shtml">存档</a>于2024-09-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%BC%9A%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E4%B9%8B%E8%B0%9C&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqsyj.ruc.edu.cn%2FCN%2Fabstract%2Fabstract2697.shtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>《清史研究》2023年第5期,秦宝琦</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1928年,廣州:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中山大學">中山大學</a>歷史語言硏究所</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-香港黑社會前世今生-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-香港黑社會前世今生_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-香港黑社會前世今生_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130104093903/http://www.nfpeople.com/News-detail-item-3545.html">香港黑社會前世今生</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A" title="南方人物周刊">南方人物周刊</a>. 2012-08-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2012-08-30</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfpeople.com/News-detail-item-3545.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-01-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%BB%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%8A%E7%94%9F&amp;rft.date=2012-08-28&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfpeople.com%2FNews-detail-item-3545.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122222646/http://news.163.com/15/0202/16/AHF9QI7Q00014SEH.html">金庸《鹿鼎记》错误:天地会沐王府纷争系"拥唐<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span></a>. 网易. 2015-02-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2016-11-22</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/15/0202/16/AHF9QI7Q00014SEH.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-11-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E5%BA%B8%E3%80%8A%E9%B9%BF%E9%BC%8E%E8%AE%B0%E3%80%8B%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%BC%9A%E6%B2%90%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%9C%E7%BA%B7%E4%BA%89%E7%B3%BB%22%E6%8B%A5%E5%94%90%22&amp;rft.date=2015-02-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%E7%BD%91%E6%98%93&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F15%2F0202%2F16%2FAHF9QI7Q00014SEH.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.au=%E7%A7%A6%E5%AE%9D%E7%90%A6&amp;rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E5%8F%B2&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787211064441&amp;rft.place=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E&amp;rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF秦宝琦2000" class="citation book">秦宝琦. 洪门真史. 福州: 福建人民出版社. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787211022267" title="Special:网络书源/9787211022267"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787211022267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.au=%E7%A7%A6%E5%AE%9D%E7%90%A6&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E7%9C%9F%E5%8F%B2&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787211022267&amp;rft.place=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E&amp;rft.pub=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF胡珠生1996" class="citation book">胡珠生. 清代洪门史. 沈阳: 辽宁人民出版社. 1996. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787205034290" title="Special:网络书源/9787205034290"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787205034290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.au=%E8%83%A1%E7%8F%A0%E7%94%9F&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8%E5%8F%B2&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787205034290&amp;rft.place=%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3&amp;rft.pub=%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREF庄吉发1981" class="citation book">庄吉发. 清代天地会源流考. 台北: 国立故宫博物院. 1981.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;rft.au=%E5%BA%84%E5%90%89%E5%8F%91&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0%E4%BC%9A%E6%BA%90%E6%B5%81%E8%80%83&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&amp;rft.pub=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li>David Ownby著,劉平譯:《兄弟結拜與秘密會黨》(北京:商務印書館,2009)。</li> <li>三谷孝著,李恩民等譯:《秘密結社與中國革命》(北京:中國社會科學出版社,2002)。</li> <li>穆黛安:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106120413/http://qsyj.iqh.net.cn/CN/volumn/volumn_1193.shtml">西方学者有关天地会研究述略</a>〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E9%97%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div 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