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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Janiculum walls</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG/270px-Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG/405px-Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG/540px-Stemma_di_Urbano_VIII_sulle_mura_gianicolensi_01747.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> along the Janiculum walls</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_PlanFXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Janiculum walls is located in Rome"><img alt="Janiculum walls is located in Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roma_PlanFXD.jpg/270px-Roma_PlanFXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roma_PlanFXD.jpg/405px-Roma_PlanFXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Roma_PlanFXD.jpg/540px-Roma_PlanFXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1463" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_Plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roma_Plan.jpg/270px-Roma_Plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roma_Plan.jpg/405px-Roma_Plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Roma_Plan.jpg/540px-Roma_Plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1463" /></a></span></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.499%;left:16.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Janiculum walls"><img alt="Janiculum walls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Janiculum walls</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Rome</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_a0e2ab5e78eaba66d5953b345616c7fa028c9a70"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Janiculum_walls&revid=1232567306&groups=_a0e2ab5e78eaba66d5953b345616c7fa028c9a70" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Janiculum_walls&revid=1232567306&groups=_a0e2ab5e78eaba66d5953b345616c7fa028c9a70 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Click on the map for a fullscreen view</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Janiculum_walls&params=41_53_7.865_N_12_27_43.416_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°53′7.865″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°27′43.416″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.88551806°N 12.46206000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.88551806; 12.46206000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Janiculum walls</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <b>Mura gianicolensi</b>) are a stretch of defensive walls erected in 1643 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_VIII" title="Pope Urban VIII">Pope Urban VIII</a> as a completion of the <a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine wall</a> (defending the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a>) and for a better protection of the area of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> rising on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janiculum_walls&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The need for a fortification, preventing access to Rome through its south-west side, derived from a conflict between two noble Roman families, the <a href="/wiki/Barberini_family" title="Barberini family">Barberini</a> (the house of the Pontiff) and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Farnese" title="House of Farnese">Farnese</a>, due to economic interests and to the policy of expansion of the former against the latter. The <i><a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a></i>, cleverly arranged by Urban VIII himself, was the failure to pay to Barberinis the economic rents of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Castro" title="Duchy of Castro">Duchy of Castro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronciglione" title="Ronciglione">Ronciglione</a> (now in the province of <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>), governed by <a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma">Odoardo I Farnese</a>, the Duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Parma and Piacenza</a> and supported by <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Richelieu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>. </p><p>In the summer of 1641 the Pope himself, leading an army of 15,000 men with <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artilleries</a>, marched against the Duchy, occupying its territory and the town of <a href="/wiki/Castro,_Lazio" title="Castro, Lazio">Castro</a>: in effect, the economic interests concealed political matters, as well as a kind of <a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">feud</a> between rival families, and Urban was waiting for nothing but a pretext to set off the spark. </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Castro" title="Wars of Castro">War of Castro</a>", because of the involved powers, could however pose a threat also to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, the Barberini House and its properties in Rome. The town, though adequately protected, was nevertheless perilously exposed on the side of <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum</a> (what's more, too close to the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a>): on this side, the former wall erected by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a> was no more in condition to guarantee an effective protection. </p><p>The work was commissioned to Marcantonio De Rossi, a quite unknown architect, whose appointment was probably thanks to his friendship with the powerful <a href="/wiki/Olimpia_Maidalchini" title="Olimpia Maidalchini">Olimpia Maidalchini</a>. The surveys began in 1641, the building at the end of the following year and in 1643 the work was completed. </p><p>The new wall, rising on the west side of Janiculum, had serious consequences on the former defensive structures; in particular, the whole stretch of the <a href="/wiki/Aurelian_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurelian walls">Aurelian walls</a> on that side of the river was demolished, as it rose within the new perimeter. For the same reason, the <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastion</a> of the Leonine wall, built by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Sangallo_the_Younger" title="Antonio da Sangallo the Younger">Antonio da Sangallo the Younger</a> close to <a href="/wiki/Porta_Santo_Spirito" title="Porta Santo Spirito">Porta Santo Spirito</a>, as well as the Porta itself, were by now almost useless; <a href="/wiki/Porta_Settimiana" title="Porta Settimiana">Porta Settimiana</a> became useless as well, while Porta Portuensis, closed 453 m (1,486.2 ft) off the new wall, was demolished together with the Aurelian stretch and replaced with the new <a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Porta Portese</a> northward. The only structure that maintained its function was <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a>, where the new wall almost coincided to the ancient Aurelian structure.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, in the new wall only a gate was built from scratch. Completed in 1644, <a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Porta Portese</a> shows the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a>, the successor of Urban VIII, who had died in the meanwhile. From here, with a backward lengthening of the former street, starts the <a href="/wiki/Via_Portuensis" title="Via Portuensis">Via Portuensis</a>, that until then sprouted from <a href="/wiki/Porta_Portuensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Porta Portuensis">Porta Portuensis</a>, just south. </p><p>Despite the fears of Urban, the wall had to face no serious threat for two centuries, until in 1849 it became one of the main scenes of the fights between the French army of the General <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oudinot" title="Charles Oudinot">Oudinot</a> (helping the Pope, who was about to lose the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">temporal power</a> over the city) and the militias of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">2nd Roman Republic</a>. </p><p>The first tangle, on April 29, 1849, took place at the crossing between ancient and new <a href="/wiki/Via_Aurelia" title="Via Aurelia">Via Aurelia</a>; the next day the French troops advanced towards <a href="/wiki/Porta_Angelica" title="Porta Angelica">Porta Angelica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porta_Cavalleggeri" title="Porta Cavalleggeri">Porta Cavalleggeri</a> but, along the whole way up to <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a>, the defenders, sheltered behind the wallsm seriously impeded the Frenchmen: the bayonet fitting and then the standoff of the troops led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a> in the area of the Basilica of <a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">San Pancrazio</a> forced the assailants to beat a retreat. </p><p>The second fight, in the same area of <a href="/wiki/Villa_Doria_Pamphili" title="Villa Doria Pamphili">Villa Pamphilj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a>, began during the night between 2 and 3 June. After a battle lasted the whole day, with continuous turn-arounds and a very high death toll on both sides, the Frenchmen gained the upper hand, but the walls held up and the defenders didn't cede. </p><p>However, the walls of Urban had been built to resist the 17th-century artillery and, two centuries after, the firepower was quite different: indeed, after making eight breaches in the walls to the left of Porta San Pancrazio and destroying the Porta itself, during the night between 21 and 22 June the Frenchmen overlooked the walls. The desperate standoff in the whole area kept them stuck until 30 June, when the armistice was signed. On 3 July they entered Rome. </p><p>The signs of the later reconstruction of the wall are still visible, especially in the stretch that flanks Viale delle Mura Gianicolensi, before the crossing with Via Fratelli Bonnet (but also beyond): <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>, as soon as he had strengthened his own position, quickly reconstructed the stretch of wall that had been damaged, as shown by some plates. </p><p>The same area on the left of Porta San Pancrazio was the scene of another fight, on September 20, 1870, between the troops of General <a href="/wiki/Nino_Bixio" title="Nino Bixio">Nino Bixio</a> and the papal defenders; but the <a href="/wiki/Bersaglieri" title="Bersaglieri">Bersaglieri</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">entered Porta Pia</a> at the same time, and the papal troops gave up before the artilleries could destroy the wall again. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_layout">The layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janiculum_walls&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg/260px-Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg/390px-Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg/520px-Janiculum_walls_-_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Map of the walls</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg/220px-Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg/330px-Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg/440px-Porta_Portese_28_09_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="2724" /></a><figcaption>Porta Portese</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG/170px-V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG/255px-V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG/340px-V_Sciarra_lungo_le_mura_1170970.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villa_Sciarra_(Rome)" title="Villa Sciarra (Rome)">Villa Sciarra</a>: the walk along the walls</figcaption></figure> <p>The area of <a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Porta Portese</a>, just a few meters from the present <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sublicio" title="Ponte Sublicio">Ponte Sublicio</a>, is the lowest of the whole layout: the rise to the <a href="/wiki/Janiculum" title="Janiculum">Janiculum hill</a> begins soon beyond, partly due to the raising of the ground level. Between the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, the whole area became the centre of various settlements relevant to river transports: just within the gate rose the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ripa_Grande_and_Papal_Arsenal" title="Port of Ripa Grande and Papal Arsenal">Port of Ripa Grande</a>, that was the main dock of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a>, in front of the ancient <i>Emporium</i>, while just outside, in 1714, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XI" title="Pope Clement XI">Pope Clement XI</a> built the new “Papal Arsenal”, used for the maintenance of the river commercial fleet of the Pope; the Arsenal operated until the end of the 19th century, when the building of the <i>muraglioni</i> (embankments) of the Tiber interrupted any activity related to the river. The only surviving memory of the Port are two ramps descending to the river. </p><p>After a short stretch north-westward, the wall makes a right angle southwest and goes on in a non-linear way flanking Viale delle Mura Portuensi up to Largo Bernardino da Feltre, just where probably it crossed the ancient Aurelian layout. Three coats of arm of Urban VIII are visible along this stretch, where the wall is not particularly high due to the raising of the ground level: they were placed in 1644, when the Pope had already died. </p><p>Obviously nothing is left of the bastion that rose where Viale Trastevere - opened during the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Umberto_I_of_Italy" title="Umberto I of Italy">Umberto I</a> - now runs; the wall is again visible, though quite degraded, along the rise of Viale Aurelio Saffi, on the right. In correspondence to the first curve on the left there is a tunnel dug under the wall, used as an <a href="/wiki/Air-raid_shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-raid shelter">air-raid shelter</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war period</a>. </p><p>The wall goes on climbing and, in correspondence to the last, narrow curve of Viale Saffi, a blind arch is visible, probably used as a tunnel to pass on the other side. After a further, short stretch southward, the wall suddenly turns right, always flanking the street, that now changes its name into Viale delle Mura Gianicolensi. </p><p>At the corner there is a quite battered plate, in memory of the works of restoration: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“PIUS IX PONTIFEX MAXIMUS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">PROPUGNACULUM</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">INNOCENTIO X P M EXTRUCTUM</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ANGULIS PRORUENTIS LABE[…]</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">FATISCENS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">NOVA MOLITIONE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A FUNDAMENTIS RESTITUTUS IUSSIT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ANNO MDCCCLXI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">IOSEPHO FERRARI PREF. AER.”</div> <p>Next to the plate, a plaque </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“S.P.Q.R.</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">MDCCCXLIX”</div> <p>remembers the events of 1849. Furthermore, the entire stretch of wall from here up to <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a> is a sequence of signs, more or less visible, of restorations (patchings, traces of subsidences and collapses), that evidently lasted at least until 1861, according to the just mentioned plate of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>. </p><p>All along this first stretch, up to the crossing with Via Fratelli Bonnet, the inner side of the wall encircles the area of <a href="/wiki/Villa_Sciarra_(Rome)" title="Villa Sciarra (Rome)">Villa Sciarra</a> and is only partially visible since, in some places, it is covered by an embankment giving a modern example of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Agger_(ancient_Rome)" title="Agger (ancient Rome)">agger</a>, probably similar to the one next to the <a href="/wiki/Servian_Wall" title="Servian Wall">Servian Wall</a>. About halfway, there is an open <a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">postern</a>, serving as a secondary access to Villa Sciarra. Passing through this access gives an idea of the outstanding thickness of the base of the wall. </p><p>The stretch, starting soon after the two modern arches on Via Fratelli Bonnet allowing the viability, is the one most damaged by the military events of 1848, commemorated by two plates newly restored, placed just where a sizeable breach was opened. The first plate was placed by the Pope soon after the first restorations and is combined with the three coats of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Erba-Odescalchi" title="Erba-Odescalchi">Odescalchi</a> and Mastai-Ferretti families and of the Municipality of Rome: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“AN. SAL. REP. MDCCCL</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">AUCTORITATE PII IX PONT. MAX</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">S.P.Q.R.</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">MOENIA IANICULENSIA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">IN PERDUELLIBUS EX URBE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">FRANCORUM VIRTUTE PROFLIGANDIS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">QUI FATISCENTIA QUA DIRUTA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">INSTAURAVIT REFECIT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">VIRO PRINC, PRAES</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">PIETRO ODESCALCHI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">LAURENTIO ALIBRANDI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">VINCENTIO PERICOLI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">BARTOLOMEO CAPRANICA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JACOBO PALAZZI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ALEXANDRO TAVANI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">BARTOLOMEO BELLI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">IOANNE BAPT. BENEDETTI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JOSEPHO PULIERI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Poletti_(architect)" title="Luigi Poletti (architect)">ALOISIO POLETTI ARCH.</a></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">VIII VIRI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">URB CUR”</div> <p>The second plate, that is almost a spite with a totally opposite style, dates back to the period immediately following the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">temporal power</a>: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“IV GIUGNO MDCCCLXXI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">S.P.Q.R.</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">DOPO VENTI ANNI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">DA CHE L’ESERCITO FRANCESE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ENTRATO PER QUESTE LACERE MURA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">TORNO’ I ROMANI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">SOTTO IL GOVERNO SACERDOTALE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ROMA LIBERA E RICONGIUNTA ALL’ITALIA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ONORA LA MEMORIA DI COLORO</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">CHE COMBATTENDO STRENUAMENTE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">CADDERO IN DIFESA DELLA PATRIA”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <p>The highest point of the wall is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a>, rebuilt in 1854 by the architect <a href="/wiki/Virginio_Vespignani" title="Virginio Vespignani">Virginio Vespignani</a> (a plate remembers his intervention) in a 19th-century style having nothing to do with the style the gate had before the events of 1849 nor even with the original style of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_wall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurelian wall (page does not exist)">Aurelian wall</a>. Presently the gate rises isolated in order to ease viability. </p><p>The following downhill stretch shows completely different characteristics, as regards both history (it has suffered no damages from bombings and assaults) and landscape (the quite steep slope didn't allow a building growth in the close vicinity). Viale delle Mura Aurelie follows the wall in a quite winding way, according to the profile of the walls and bastions. </p><p>After bypassing the first bastion, the wall shows a <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> aedicula, in a quite elevated position, containing a statue of <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">St. Andrew</a>. According to the plate, this is the place where the head of the Saint, held within <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> since the 15th century, was discovered after being abandoned by the thief that had purloined it:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“ANDREAE APOSTOLO URBIS SOSPITATORI</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">PIUS IX PONT MAX</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">HIC UBI CAPUT EIUS FURTO ABLATUM REPERIT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">MONUMENTUM REI AUSPICATISS. DEDIC. AN. MDCCCXLVII”</div> <p>The wall of Urban VIII ends about 1 km beyond, joining the bastion erected by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pope Pius V</a> in 1568 in the area of the present Palazzo di <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Propaganda Fide</a>, just before Largo di Porta Cavalleggeri. All along this last stretch - not particularly interesting anyway - 12 coats of arms of Urban VIII and 3 of Pius IX are scattered; in the section corresponding to the square that houses the <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Garibaldi_(Rome)" title="Monument to Garibaldi (Rome)">monument to Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> there is a walled-in and quite recessed <a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">postern</a>; a plate in remembrance of the restoration works carried up in 1849 in the area of <a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">Porta San Pancrazio</a> and two further plates in remembrance of as many further restorations by Pius IX; the first one, dated 1857, is not easily readable: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">"PROVIDENTIA PII IX PONT MAX</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">URBIS MOENIA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A PORTA NOVA PANCRATII HIEROMARTYRIS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">AD PORTAM PETRI APOSTOLI PRINCIPIS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">MONTIS IMPENDENTIS ALTITUDINE</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">AC TEMPORIS INIURIA FATISCENTIA</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JOSEPHUS FERRARI ANTIST. URB. PRAEF. AERAR.</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">INSTAURANDA RETICIENDAQUE CURAVIT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">AN. CHR. MDCCCLVII”.</div> <p>The second one, dated 1870, is probably the last artifact of this kind dating back to the age of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">temporal power</a>: </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">“PIUS IX PONT. MAX</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">MURI URBANIANI PARTEM</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">QUAM LABES COLLIS SUBSIDENTIS</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">EVERTERAT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">A. FUND. REFECIT</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">ANNO CHR. MDCCCLXX</div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">JOSEPHUS FERRARIO ANTIST. URB. PRAEF. AER.”</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janiculum_walls&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">To be more precise, the new gate was a few meters away from the former one.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IV JUNE MDCCCLXXI / S.P.Q.R. / TWENTY YEARS AFTER / THAT THE FRENCH ARMY / ENTERED THESE TORN WALLS / AND SENT THE ROMANS AGAIN / UNDER THE PRIESTLY RULE / ROME FREE AND REJOINED TO ITALY / HONORS THE MEMORY OF THOSE / WHO STRENUOUSLY FIGHTING / FELL DEFENDING THE HOMELAND</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1964 <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> returned the relic to the town of <a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>, the hometown of the Apostle, as a sign of détente between <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">greek Orthodox</a> Churches.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janiculum_walls&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mauro Quercioli, <i>“Le mura e le porte di Roma”</i>, Newton & Compton, Rome, 1982</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janiculum_walls&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLucentini2012" class="citation book cs1">Lucentini, M. (31 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=laMDAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Rome Guide: Step by Step through History's Greatest City</i></a>. Interlink. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781623710088" title="Special:BookSources/9781623710088"><bdi>9781623710088</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rome+Guide%3A+Step+by+Step+through+History%27s+Greatest+City&rft.pub=Interlink&rft.date=2012-12-31&rft.isbn=9781623710088&rft.aulast=Lucentini&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlaMDAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaniculum+walls" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mura_gianicolensi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mura gianicolensi">Mura gianicolensi</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Preceded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Castra_Praetoria" title="Castra Praetoria">Castra Praetoria</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><b>Landmarks of Rome</b><br />Janiculum walls </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Succeeded by<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Servian_Wall" title="Servian Wall">Servian Wall</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Template talk:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments_of_Rome" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monuments of Rome"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Landmarks_of_Rome" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Landmarks of Rome</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Walls and gates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_Walls" title="Aurelian Walls">Aurelian Walls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Ardeatina" title="Porta Ardeatina">Ardeatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Asinaria" title="Porta Asinaria">Asinaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Latina" title="Porta Latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore" title="Porta Maggiore">Maggiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Metronia" title="Porta Metronia">Metronia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Nomentana" title="Porta Nomentana">Nomentana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pia" title="Porta Pia">Pia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pinciana" title="Porta Pinciana">Pinciana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_del_Popolo" title="Porta del Popolo">Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Portese" title="Porta Portese">Portese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pancrazio" title="Porta San Pancrazio">San Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo" title="Porta San Paolo">San Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Giovanni_(Rome)" title="Porta San Giovanni (Rome)">San Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Sebastiano" title="Porta San Sebastiano">San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Settimiana" title="Porta Settimiana">Settimiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Tiburtina" title="Porta Tiburtina">Tiburtina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Cavalleggeri" title="Porta Cavalleggeri">Cavalleggeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Pertusa" title="Porta Pertusa">Pertusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Santo_Spirito" title="Porta Santo Spirito">Santo Spirito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castra_Praetoria" title="Castra Praetoria">Castra Praetoria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Janiculum Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Terreus" title="Murus Terreus">Terreus Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murus_Romuli" title="Murus Romuli">Romuli Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servian_Wall" title="Servian Wall">Servian Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Caelimontana" title="Porta Caelimontana">Caelimontana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Capena" title="Porta Capena">Capena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Collina" title="Porta Collina">Collina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Esquilina" title="Porta Esquilina">Esquilina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Fontinalis" title="Porta Fontinalis">Fontinalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Viminale" title="Porta Viminale">Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Naevia" title="Porta Naevia">Naevia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Querquetulana" title="Porta Querquetulana">Querquetulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Trigemina" title="Porta Trigemina">Trigemina</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Ancient <a href="/wiki/List_of_obelisks_in_Rome" title="List of obelisks in Rome">obelisks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Obelisk" title="Lateran Obelisk">Lateran Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Obelisk" title="Flaminio Obelisk">Flaminian Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_and_Obelisk" title="Elephant and Obelisk">Obelisk of Minerveo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_of_Montecitorio" title="Obelisk of Montecitorio">Obelisk of Montecitorio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_monuments_in_Rome" title="List of ancient monuments in Rome">Ancient Roman<br />landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Triumphal arches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Constantine" title="Arch of Constantine">Arch of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Dolabella" title="Arch of Dolabella">Arch of Dolabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Drusus" title="Arch of Drusus">Arch of Drusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Gallienus" title="Arch of Gallienus">Arch of Gallienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Janus" title="Arch of Janus">Arch of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Septimius_Severus" title="Arch of Septimius Severus">Arch of Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Titus" title="Arch of Titus">Arch of Titus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arcus_Novus" title="Arcus Novus">Arcus Novus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Aqueducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Appia" title="Aqua Appia">Aqua Appia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Alexandrina" title="Aqua Alexandrina">Aqua Alexandrina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Vetus" title="Aqua Anio Vetus">Aqua Anio Vetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Anio_Novus" title="Aqua Anio Novus">Aqua Anio Novus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Claudia" title="Aqua Claudia">Aqua Claudia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Julia" title="Aqua Julia">Aqua Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Marcia" title="Aqua Marcia">Aqua Marcia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tepula" title="Aqua Tepula">Aqua Tepula</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Sewers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Maxima" title="Cloaca Maxima">Cloaca Maxima</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloaca_Circi_Maximi" title="Cloaca Circi Maximi">Cloaca Circi Maximi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Public baths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Agrippa" title="Baths of Agrippa">Baths of Agrippa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Caracalla" title="Baths of Caracalla">Baths of Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Diocletian" title="Baths of Diocletian">Baths of Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Nero" title="Baths of Nero">Baths of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Trajan" title="Baths of Trajan">Baths of Trajan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ara_Pacis" title="Ara Pacis">Ara Pacis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Antoninus_and_Faustina" title="Temple of Antoninus and Faustina">Temple of Antoninus and Faustina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Palatinus" title="Temple of Apollo Palatinus">Temple of Apollo Palatinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_Sosianus" title="Temple of Apollo Sosianus">Temple of Apollo Sosianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hadrian" title="Temple of Hadrian">Temple of Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hercules_Victor" title="Temple of Hercules Victor">Temple of Hercules Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Janus_(Forum_Holitorium)" title="Temple of Janus (Forum Holitorium)">Temple of Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus" title="Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus">Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_Tonans" title="Temple of Jupiter Tonans">Temple of Jupiter Tonans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Minerva_Medica_(nymphaeum)" title="Temple of Minerva Medica (nymphaeum)">Temple of Minerva Medica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Portunus" title="Temple of Portunus">Temple of Portunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Saturn" title="Temple of Saturn">Temple of Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta" title="Temple of Vesta">Temple of Vesta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Vestals" title="House of the Vestals">House of the Vestals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Largo_di_Torre_Argentina" title="Largo di Torre Argentina">Largo di Torre Argentina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupercal" title="Lupercal">Lupercal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_Maggiore_Basilica" title="Porta Maggiore Basilica">Porta Maggiore Basilica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Fora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Forum" title="Roman Forum">Roman Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_fora" title="Imperial fora">Imperial fora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Augustus" title="Forum of Augustus">Forum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Caesar" title="Forum of Caesar">Forum of Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Nerva" title="Forum of Nerva">Forum of Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Peace,_Rome" title="Temple of Peace, Rome">Forum of Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Forum" title="Trajan's Forum">Trajan's Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Boarium" title="Forum Boarium">Forum Boarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forum_Holitorium" title="Forum Holitorium">Forum Holitorium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Civic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Argentaria" title="Basilica Argentaria">Basilica Argentaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Julia" title="Basilica Julia">Basilica Julia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Junius_Bassus" title="Basilica of Junius Bassus">Basilica of Junius Bassus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius" title="Basilica of Maxentius">Basilica of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Neptune" title="Basilica of Neptune">Basilica of Neptune</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilica_Ulpia" title="Basilica Ulpia">Basilica Ulpia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comitium" title="Comitium">Comitium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Curia_Julia" title="Curia Julia">Curia Julia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portico_Dii_Consentes" title="Portico Dii Consentes">Portico Dii Consentes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Octaviae" title="Porticus Octaviae">Porticus Octaviae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabularium" title="Tabularium">Tabularium</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circus_Maximus" title="Circus Maximus">Circus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Maxentius" title="Circus of Maxentius">Circus of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludus_Magnus" title="Ludus Magnus">Ludus Magnus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Maecenas" title="Gardens of Maecenas">Gardens of Maecenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust" title="Gardens of Sallust">Gardens of Sallust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_of_Domitian" title="Stadium of Domitian">Stadium of Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Marcellus" title="Theatre of Marcellus">Theatre of Marcellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pompey" title="Theatre of Pompey">Theatre of Pompey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Palaces and <i>villae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Augustana" title="Domus Augustana">Domus Augustana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Aurea" title="Domus Aurea">Domus Aurea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Domus_Transitoria" title="Domus Transitoria">Domus Transitoria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavian_Palace" title="Flavian Palace">Flavian Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Augustus" title="House of Augustus">House of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Domitian" title="Palace of Domitian">Palace of Domitian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Villa_Gordiani" title="Villa Gordiani">Villa Gordiani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_Livia" title="Villa of Livia">Villa of Livia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insula_dell%27Ara_Coeli" title="Insula dell'Ara Coeli">Insula dell'Ara Coeli</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_of_the_Quintilii" title="Villa of the Quintilii">Villa of the Quintilii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_dei_Sette_Bassi" title="Villa dei Sette Bassi">Villa of the <i>sette bassi</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Column monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Antoninus_Pius" title="Column of Antoninus Pius">Column of Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius" title="Column of Marcus Aurelius">Column of Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Column_of_Phocas" title="Column of Phocas">Column of Phocas</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Column" title="Trajan's Column">Trajan's Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Columns_Monument" title="Five-Columns Monument">Five-Columns Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Porticus_Aemilia" title="Porticus Aemilia">Porticus Aemilia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Market" title="Trajan's Market">Trajan's Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Tombs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Casal_Rotondo" title="Casal Rotondo">Casal Rotondo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Domitilla" title="Catacombs of Domitilla">Catacombs of Domitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Rome" title="Catacombs of Rome">Catacombs of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_San_Sebastiano" title="Catacombs of San Sebastiano">Catacombs of San Sebastiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbarium_of_Pomponius_Hylas" title="Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas">Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Augustus" title="Mausoleum of Augustus">Mausoleum of Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Helena" title="Mausoleum of Helena">Mausoleum of Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Maxentius" title="Mausoleum of Maxentius">Mausoleum of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Cestius" title="Pyramid of Cestius">Pyramid of Cestius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eurysaces_the_Baker" title="Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker">Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Hilarus_Fuscus" title="Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus">Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Haterii" title="Tomb of the Haterii">Tomb of the Haterii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Scipios" title="Tomb of the Scipios">Tomb of the Scipios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombs_of_Via_Latina" title="Tombs of Via Latina">Tombs of Via Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Priscilla" title="Tomb of Priscilla">Tomb of Priscilla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vigna_Randanini" title="Vigna Randanini">Vigna Randanini</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Cestius" title="Pons Cestius">Pons Cestius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pons_Fabricius" title="Pons Fabricius">Pons Fabricius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Milvio" title="Ponte Milvio">Ponte Milvio</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Ponte Sant'Angelo">Ponte Sant'Angelo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Roman Catholic<br />basilicas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Maggiore" title="Santa Maria Maggiore">Basilica of Saint Mary Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_fuori_le_mura" title="San Lorenzo fuori le mura">S. Lorenzo fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agnese_fuori_le_mura" title="Sant'Agnese fuori le mura">S. Agnese fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Agostino,_Rome" title="Sant'Agostino, Rome">S. Agostino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia_al_Palatino" title="Sant'Anastasia al Palatino">S. Anastasia al Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_delle_Fratte" title="Sant'Andrea delle Fratte">S. Andrea delle Fratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">S. Andrea della Valle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antonio_da_Padova_in_Via_Merulana" title="Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana">S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Apollinare,_Rome" title="Sant'Apollinare, Rome">S. Apollinare alle Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">Ss. Apostoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Balbina" title="Santa Balbina">S. Balbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">S. Bartolomeo all'Isola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Bonifacio_ed_Alessio" title="Santi Bonifacio ed Alessio">Ss. Bonifacio ed Alessio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Camillo_de_Lellis" title="San Camillo de Lellis">S. Camillo de Lellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ambrogio_e_Carlo_al_Corso" title="Sant'Ambrogio e Carlo al Corso">S. Carlo al Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cecilia_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Cecilia in Trastevere">S. Cecilia in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Celso_e_Giuliano" title="Santi Celso e Giuliano">Ss. Celso e Giuliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_al_Laterano" title="San Clemente al Laterano">S. Clemente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Cosma_e_Damiano,_Rome" title="Santi Cosma e Damiano, Rome">Ss. Cosma e Damiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crisogono,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="San Crisogono, Rome">S. Crisogono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Via_Flaminia" title="Santa Croce in Via Flaminia">S. Croce in Via Flaminia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce_in_Gerusalemme" title="Santa Croce in Gerusalemme">S. Croce in Gerusalemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eugenio" title="Sant'Eugenio">S. Eugenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Eustachio" title="Sant'Eustachio">S. Eustachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Francesca_Romana" title="Santa Francesca Romana">S. Francesca Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_a_Porta_Latina" title="San Giovanni a Porta Latina"> S. Giovanni a Porta Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_al_Celio" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio">Ss. Giovanni e Paolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Damaso" title="San Lorenzo in Damaso">S. Lorenzo in Damaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_in_Lucina" title="San Lorenzo in Lucina">S. Lorenzo in Lucina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Ausiliatrice,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome">S. Maria Ausiliatrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marco_Evangelista_al_Campidoglio,_Rome" title="San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio, Rome">S. Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli_e_dei_Martiri" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri">S. Maria degli Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Miracoli_and_Santa_Maria_in_Montesanto" title="Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto">S. Maria in Montesanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Cosmedin" title="Santa Maria in Cosmedin">S. Maria in Cosmedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Domnica" title="Santa Maria in Domnica">S. Maria in Domnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Ara_Coeli" title="Santa Maria in Ara Coeli">S. Maria in Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo">S. Maria del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">S. Maria sopra Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Santa Maria in Trastevere">S. Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via" title="Santa Maria in Via">S. Maria in Via</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_in_Via_Lata" title="Santa Maria in Via Lata">S. Maria in Via Lata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">S. Maria della Vittoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Martino_ai_Monti" title="San Martino ai Monti">S. Martino ai Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Nereo_e_Achilleo" title="Santi Nereo e Achilleo">Ss. Nereo e Achilleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nicola_in_Carcere" title="San Nicola in Carcere">S. Nicola in Carcere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pancrazio" title="San Pancrazio">S. Pancrazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheon,_Rome" title="Pantheon, Rome">Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">S. Pietro in Vincoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Prassede" title="Santa Prassede">S. Prassede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Pudenziana" title="Santa Pudenziana">S. Pudenziana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Quattro_Coronati" title="Santi Quattro Coronati">Ss. Quattro Coronati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba,_Rome" title="San Saba, Rome">S. Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sabina" title="Santa Sabina">S. Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Maria" title="Sacro Cuore di Maria">Sacro Cuore di Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Cristo_Re" title="Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re">Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacro_Cuore_di_Ges%C3%B9_a_Castro_Pretorio" title="Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio">Sacro Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sebastiano_fuori_le_mura" title="San Sebastiano fuori le mura">S. Sebastiano fuori le mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Silvestro_in_Capite" title="San Silvestro in Capite">S. Silvestro in Capite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sisto_Vecchio" title="San Sisto Vecchio">S. Sisto Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia_a_Via_Boccea" title="Santa Sofia a Via Boccea">S. Sofia a Via Boccea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_al_Monte_Celio" title="Santo Stefano al Monte Celio">S. Stefano Rotondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa,_Rome" title="Santa Teresa, Rome">S. Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale,_Rome" title="San Vitale, Rome">S. Vitale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">Other churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">List of churches in Rome</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Castles and palaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arx_(Roman)" title="Arx (Roman)">Arx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_dei_Cavalieri_di_Rodi" title="Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi">Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27Angelo" title="Castel Sant'Angelo">Castel Sant'Angelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Internationalis_Paulus_VI" title="Domus Internationalis Paulus VI">Domus Internationalis Paulus VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Aragona_Gonzaga" title="Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga">Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini_ai_Giubbonari" title="Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari">Palazzo Barberini ai Giubbonari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Borghese" title="Palazzo Borghese">Palazzo Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Cancelleria" title="Palazzo della Cancelleria">Palazzo della Cancelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigi_Palace" title="Chigi Palace">Palazzo Chigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_della_Consulta" title="Palazzo della Consulta">Palazzo della Consulta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Farnese" title="Palazzo Farnese">Palazzo Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Fusconi-Pighini" title="Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini">Palazzo Fusconi-Pighini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Giustiniani,_Rome" title="Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome">Palazzo Giustinani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Palace" title="Lateran Palace">Lateran Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Madama,_Rome" title="Palazzo Madama, Rome">Palazzo Madama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Rome" title="Palace of Justice, Rome">Palazzo di Giustizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Massimo_alle_Colonne" title="Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne">Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mattei" title="Palazzo Mattei">Palazzo Mattei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Palace" title="Quirinal Palace">Palazzo del Quirinale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pamphilj" title="Palazzo Pamphilj">Palazzo Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Poli" title="Palazzo Poli">Palazzo Poli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Corsini,_Rome" title="Palazzo Corsini, Rome">Palazzo Riario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Ruspoli" title="Palazzo Ruspoli">Palazzo Ruspoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Spada" title="Palazzo Spada">Palazzo Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Valentini" title="Palazzo Valentini">Palazzo Valentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Vidoni-Caffarelli" title="Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli">Palazzo Vidoni-Caffarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Viminale" title="Palazzo del Viminale">Palazzo del Viminale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Wedekind" title="Palazzo Wedekind">Palazzo Wedekind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Zuccari,_Rome" title="Palazzo Zuccari, Rome">Palazzo Zuccari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Giulia" title="Villa Giulia">Villa Giulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Madama" title="Villa Madama">Villa Madama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Fountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Api" title="Fontana delle Api">Api</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Felice" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Felice">Acqua Felice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dell%27Acqua_Paola" title="Fontana dell'Acqua Paola">Acqua Paola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babuino" title="Babuino">Babuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Barcaccia" title="Fontana della Barcaccia">Barcaccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Facchino" title="Il Facchino">Il Facchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marforio" title="Marforio">Marforio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Moro" title="Fontana del Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasone" title="Nasone">Nasone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Navicella,_Rome" title="Fontana della Navicella, Rome">Navicella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune,_Rome" title="Fountain of Neptune, Rome">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Nettuno,_Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Fontana del Nettuno, Piazza del Popolo">Nettuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pantheon" title="Fontana del Pantheon">del Pantheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Pianto" title="Fontana del Pianto">Pianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Fontana di Piazza d'Aracoeli">di Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Colonna" title="Fontana di Piazza Colonna">di Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontane_di_Piazza_Farnese" title="Fontane di Piazza Farnese">di Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_della_Piazza_dei_Quiriti" title="Fontana della Piazza dei Quiriti">della Piazza dei Quiriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_di_Piazza_Nicosia" title="Fontana di Piazza Nicosia">di Piazza Nicosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_in_Piazza_Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere" title="Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere">in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontanone_di_Ponte_Sisto" title="Fontanone di Ponte Sisto">di Ponte Sisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_dei_Quattro_Fiumi" title="Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi">Quattro Fiumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_Fontane" title="Quattro Fontane">Quattro Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_delle_Tartarughe" title="Fontana delle Tartarughe">Tartarughe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevi_Fountain" title="Trevi Fountain">Trevi Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_the_Tritons" title="Fountain of the Tritons">Tritons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontana_del_Tritone,_Rome" title="Fontana del Tritone, Rome">Tritone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Other landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_Monument" title="Victor Emmanuel II Monument">Altare della Patria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Italy)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Italy)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier of Italy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Verano" title="Campo Verano">Campo Verano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Capocci" title="Torre dei Capocci">Capocci Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Immaculate_Conception,_Rome" title="Column of the Immaculate Conception, Rome">Column of the Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_dei_Conti" title="Torre dei Conti">Conti Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ospedale_di_Santo_Spirito_in_Sassia" title="Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Sassia">Hospital of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_delle_Milizie" title="Torre delle Milizie">Milizie Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Sisto" title="Ponte Sisto">Sisto Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Steps" title="Spanish Steps">Spanish Steps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Piazzas_in_Rome" title="Category:Piazzas in Rome">Squares</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Rome" title="List of streets in Rome">streets</a><br />and public spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_Capitolinus" title="Clivus Capitolinus">Clivus Capitolinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Colonna" title="Piazza Colonna">Piazza Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_d%27Aracoeli" title="Piazza d'Aracoeli">Piazza d'Aracoeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Minerva" title="Piazza della Minerva">Piazza della Minerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_della_Repubblica,_Rome" title="Piazza della Repubblica, Rome">Piazza della Repubblica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Farnese" title="Piazza Farnese">Piazza Farnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Navona" title="Piazza Navona">Piazza Navona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">Piazza San Pietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Venezia" title="Piazza Venezia">Piazza Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Coronari" title="Via dei Coronari">Via dei Coronari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_del_Corso" title="Via del Corso">Via del Corso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_dei_Fori_Imperiali" title="Via dei Fori Imperiali">Via dei Fori Imperiali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Sacra" title="Via Sacra">Via Sacra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Veneto" title="Via Veneto">Via Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Rome" title="List of parks and gardens in Rome">Parks, gardens</a><br />and zoos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioparco_di_Roma" title="Bioparco di Roma">Bioparco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Ada" title="Villa Ada">Villa Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Borghese_gardens" title="Villa Borghese gardens">Villa Borghese gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Doria_Pamphili" title="Villa Doria Pamphili">Villa Doria Pamphili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Medici" title="Villa Medici">Villa Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Torlonia_(Rome)" title="Villa Torlonia (Rome)">Villa Torlonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_degli_Acquedotti" title="Parco degli Acquedotti">Parco degli Acquedotti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Rome" title="List of museums in Rome">Museums and<br />art galleries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boncompagni_Ludovisi_Decorative_Art_Museum" title="Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum">Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_di_Goethe" title="Casa di Goethe">Casa di Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Borghese" title="Galleria Borghese">Galleria Borghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Comunale_d%27Arte_Moderna,_Rome" title="Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Rome">Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Doria_Pamphilj" title="Galleria Doria Pamphilj">Galleria Doria Pamphilj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Antica" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Nazionale_d%27Arte_Moderna" title="Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna">Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico_House_Museum" title="Giorgio de Chirico House Museum">Giorgio de Chirico House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galleria_Spada" title="Galleria Spada">Galleria Spada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Rome" title="Jewish Museum of Rome">Jewish Museum of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keats%E2%80%93Shelley_Memorial_House" title="Keats–Shelley Memorial House">Keats–Shelley Memorial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAXXI" title="MAXXI">MAXXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Archeologico_Ostiense" title="Museo Archeologico Ostiense">Museo Archeologico Ostiense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Barracco_di_Scultura_Antica" title="Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica">Museo Barracco di Scultura Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Civico_di_Zoologia" title="Museo Civico di Zoologia">Museo Civico di Zoologia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_anime_del_Purgatorio" title="Museo delle anime del Purgatorio">Museo delle anime del Purgatorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_delle_Mura" title="Museo delle Mura">Museo delle Mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma" title="Museo di Roma">Museo di Roma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Roma_in_Trastevere" title="Museo di Roma in Trastevere">Museo di Roma in Trastevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_nazionale_del_Palazzo_di_Venezia" title="Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia">Museo nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Etruscan_Museum" title="National Etruscan Museum">Museo Nazionale Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Nazionale_Romano" title="Museo Nazionale Romano">Museo Nazionale Romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Storico_Nazionale_dell%27Arte_Sanitaria" title="Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria">Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_of_Rome" title="Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome">Museum of Contemporary Art of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roman_Civilization" title="Museum of Roman Civilization">Museum of Roman Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Ara_Pacis" title="Museum of the Ara Pacis">Museum of the Ara Pacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Liberation_of_Rome" title="Museum of the Liberation of Rome">Museum of the Liberation of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Oriental_Art" title="National Museum of Oriental Art">National Museum of Oriental Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Colonna" title="Palazzo Colonna">Palazzo Colonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_delle_Esposizioni" title="Palazzo delle Esposizioni">Palazzo delle Esposizioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigorini_National_Museum_of_Prehistory_and_Ethnography" title="Pigorini National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography">Pigorini National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Paolo_Railway_Museum" title="Porta San Paolo Railway Museum">Porta San Paolo Railway Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia_Musical_Instruments_Museum" title="Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum">Santa Cecilia Musical Instruments Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venanzo_Crocetti_Museum" title="Venanzo Crocetti Museum">Venanzo Crocetti Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Belvedere" title="Apollo Belvedere">Apollo Belvedere</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta" title="Augustus of Prima Porta">Augustus of Prima Porta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossus_of_Constantine" title="Colossus of Constantine">Colossus of Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocca_della_Verit%C3%A0" title="Bocca della Verità">La Bocca della Verità</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons">Laocoön and His Sons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovisi_Battle_sarcophagus" title="Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus">Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Ecstasy of Saint Teresa">Ecstasy of Saint Teresa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portonaccio_sarcophagus" title="Portonaccio sarcophagus">Portonaccio sarcophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velletri_Sarcophagus" title="Velletri Sarcophagus">Velletri Sarcophagus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Seven_Hills" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Seven_hills_of_Rome" title="Seven hills of Rome">Seven Hills</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Hill" title="Aventine Hill">Aventine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caelian_Hill" title="Caelian Hill">Caelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Hill" title="Capitoline Hill">Capitoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Hill" title="Esquiline Hill">Esquiline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Hill" title="Palatine Hill">Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Hill" title="Quirinal Hill">Quirinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminal_Hill" title="Viminal Hill">Viminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiber_Island" title="Tiber Island">Tiber Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Testaccio" title="Monte Testaccio">Monte Testaccio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Metropolitan City<br />of Rome Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way_Regional_Park" title="Appian Way Regional Park">Appian Way Regional Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capo_di_Bove" title="Capo di Bove">Capo di Bove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castello_Orsini-Odescalchi" title="Castello Orsini-Odescalchi">Castello Orsini-Odescalchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frascati" title="Frascati">Frascati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnese" title="Villa Farnese">Villa Farnese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space:normal; 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