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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Victorio's War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache%E2%80%93Mexico_Wars" title="Apache–Mexico Wars">Apache–Mexico Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Victorio_Chiricahua_Apache_Chief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Victorio_Chiricahua_Apache_Chief.jpg/260px-Victorio_Chiricahua_Apache_Chief.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Victorio_Chiricahua_Apache_Chief.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="365" /></a></span><br />Victorio</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1879–1880<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">Southwest United States</a>, Northwestern Mexico</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Joint Mexico–U.S. victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aguila_de_centenario.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/24px-Aguila_de_centenario.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/36px-Aguila_de_centenario.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/48px-Aguila_de_centenario.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Porfiriato" title="Porfiriato">Mexico</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aguila_de_centenario.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/24px-Aguila_de_centenario.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/36px-Aguila_de_centenario.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Aguila_de_centenario.png/48px-Aguila_de_centenario.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaquin_Terrazas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquin Terrazas (page does not exist)">Joaquin Terrazas</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">Victorio</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nana_(chief)" title="Nana (chief)">Nana</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 150</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apache_Wars5963" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Apache_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Apache Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apache_Wars5963" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Jicarilla_War" title="Jicarilla War">Jicarilla War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/White_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="White Massacre">Point of Rocks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wagon_Mound_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagon Mound Massacre">Wagon Mound</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bell%27s_Fight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bell's Fight (page does not exist)">Bell's Fight</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cieneguilla" title="Battle of Cieneguilla">Cieneguilla</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ojo_Caliente_Canyon" title="Battle of Ojo Caliente Canyon">Ojo Caliente Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Indian_wars" title="Texas–Indian wars">Texas–Indian wars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Diablo_Mountains" title="Battle of the Diablo Mountains">Diablo Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Hills_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Antelope Hills Expedition">Antelope Hills Expedition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Little_Robe_Creek" title="Battle of Little Robe Creek">Little Robe Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Adobe_Walls" title="First Battle of Adobe Walls">1st Adobe Walls</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas#Apache_war_leader" title="Mangas Coloradas">Chiricahua Wars</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cooke%27s_Spring" title="Battle of Cooke's Spring">Cooke's Spring</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bonneville_Expedition_(1857)" title="Bonneville Expedition (1857)">Bonneville Expedition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larcena_Pennington_Page" title="Larcena Pennington Page">Madera Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mimbres_River" title="Battle of the Mimbres River">Mimbres River</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bascom_affair" title="Bascom affair">Bascom affair</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tubac" title="Siege of Tubac">Tubac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cookes_Canyon" title="Battle of Cookes Canyon">Cookes Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Florida_Mountains" title="Battle of the Florida Mountains">Florida Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gallinas_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallinas Massacre">Gallinas Mountains</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Placito" title="Battle of Placito">Placito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pinos_Altos" title="Battle of Pinos Altos">Pinos Altos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="First Battle of Dragoon Springs">1st Dragoon Springs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Dragoon_Springs" title="Second Battle of Dragoon Springs">2nd Dragoon Springs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Apache_Pass" title="Battle of Apache Pass">Apache Pass</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Big_Bug,_Arizona" title="Big Bug, Arizona">Big Bug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mowry_Massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Mowry Massacres">Mowry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Gray" title="Battle of Mount Gray">Mount Gray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skirmish_in_Doubtful_Canyon" title="Skirmish in Doubtful Canyon">Doubtful Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Buchanan" title="Battle of Fort Buchanan">Fort Buchanan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk_War_(1865%E2%80%9372)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hawk War (1865–72)">Black Hawk's War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pipe_Spring_National_Monument" title="Pipe Spring National Monument">Pipe Spring</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Yavapai_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavapai War">Yavapai War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Camp_Grant_massacre" title="Camp Grant massacre">Camp Grant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wickenburg_Massacre" title="Wickenburg Massacre">Wickenburg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Burro_Canyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Burro Canyon (page does not exist)">Burro Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Crook#Tonto_Basin_campaign" title="George Crook">Tonto Basin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salt_River_Canyon" title="Battle of Salt River Canyon">Salt River Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turret_Peak" title="Battle of Turret Peak">Turret Peak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sunset_Pass" title="Battle of Sunset Pass">Sunset Pass</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Hunters%27_War" title="Buffalo Hunters' War">Buffalo Hunters' War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yellow_House_Canyon" title="Battle of Yellow House Canyon">Yellow House Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victorio's War</a></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#1879">Battle of Ojo Caliente (1879)</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Battle_of_Las_Animas_Canyon">Las Animas Canyon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hembrillo_Basin" title="Battle of Hembrillo Basin">Hembrillo Basin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alma_Massacre" title="Alma Massacre">Alma</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Fort Tularosa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Battle of Tres Castillos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizo_Canyon" title="Battle of Carrizo Canyon">Carrizo Canyon</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Geronimo_Campaign" title="Geronimo Campaign">Geronimo's War</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cibecue_Creek" title="Battle of Cibecue Creek">Cibecue Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Apache" title="Battle of Fort Apache">Fort Apache</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/McMillenville,_Arizona" title="McMillenville, Arizona">McMillenville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Big_Dry_Wash" title="Battle of Big Dry Wash">Big Dry Wash</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chatto_(Apache)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatto (Apache)">Lordsburg Road</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Devil%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Devil's Creek">Devil's Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Little_Dry_Creek" title="Battle of Little Dry Creek">Little Dry Creek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawford Affair">Nacori Chico</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bear_Valley_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Valley Raid">Bear Valley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bear_Valley_Raid#Aftermath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Valley Raid">Pinito Mountains</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Post_1887_Apache_Wars_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Post 1887 Apache Wars period">Post 1887 period</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Grade_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelvin Grade Massacre">Kelvin Grade (1889)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Creek_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Creek Campaign">Cherry Creek (1890)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apache_Campaign_(1896)" title="Apache Campaign (1896)">Guadalupe Canyon (1896)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mexican–Apache_Wars1455" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Apache%E2%80%93Mexico_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Apache–Mexico Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Apache%E2%80%93Mexico_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Apache–Mexico Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Apache%E2%80%93Mexico_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Apache–Mexico Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mexican–Apache_Wars1455" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Apache%E2%80%93Mexico_Wars" title="Apache–Mexico Wars"><span class="wrap">Mexican–Apache Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Campaign_(1732)" title="Apache Campaign (1732)">San Sabá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Terrenate" title="First Battle of Terrenate">1st Terrenate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Magdalena_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Magdalena Massacre">2nd Magdalena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tucson" title="First Battle of Tucson">1st Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tucson" title="Second Battle of Tucson">2nd Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Tucson_(1782)" title="Third Battle of Tucson (1782)">3rd Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Tucson" title="Fourth Battle of Tucson">4th Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Catalina_River" title="Battle of the Catalina River">Catalina River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pinal_Mountains" title="Battle of the Pinal Mountains">Pinal Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_period_of_the_Apache_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Renegade period of the Apache Wars">Renegade Period</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victorio's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars#Geronimo's_War" title="Apache Wars">Geronimo's War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The Apache can endure fatigue and famine and can live without water for periods that would kill the hardiest mountaineer ... In fighting them we must of necessity be the pursuers and unless we can surprise them by sudden and unexpected attack, the advantage is all in their favor ... You rarely see an Indian; you see the puff of smoke and hear the whiz of his bullets, but the Indian is thoroughly hidden in his rocks ... </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—General George Crook<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p><b>Victorio<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s War</b>, or the <b>Victorio Campaign</b>, was an <a href="/wiki/Armed_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed conflict">armed conflict</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> followers of <a href="/wiki/Tribal_chief" title="Tribal chief">Chief</a> <a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">Victorio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> beginning in September 1879. Faced with arrest and forcible relocation from his homeland in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> to <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="San Carlos Indian Reservation">San Carlos Indian Reservation</a> in southeastern <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, Victorio led a <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla war">guerrilla war</a> across southern New Mexico, west <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and northern Mexico. Victorio fought many battles and skirmishes with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> and raided several settlements until the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Army" title="Mexican Army">Mexican Army</a> killed him and most of his <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">warriors</a> in October 1880 in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tres_Castillos" title="Battle of Tres Castillos">Battle of Tres Castillos</a>. After Victorio's death, his lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Nana_(chief)" title="Nana (chief)">Nana</a> led a raid in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholar Dan Thrapp wrote of Victorio's War that "never again were [Apache] fighters in such numbers to roam and ravage that country, nor were they again to be so ably led and managed."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victorio, according to scholar Robert N. Watt, "is widely acknowledged as being one of the best guerrilla leaders of the Apache Wars."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1879, Victorio was about 55 years old. He was a veteran warrior and leader of the Warm Springs (<i>Ojo Caliente</i> in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>) or Chihenne band of Apaches. The homeland of the Warm Springs band was north of present-day <a href="/wiki/Monticello,_New_Mexico" title="Monticello, New Mexico">Monticello, New Mexico</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Alamosa,_New_Mexico" title="Canada Alamosa, New Mexico">Cañada Alamosa</a>. A reservation at Ojo Caliente was established for Victorio and his band, and a census in 1876 recorded 916 Apache men, women, and children in residence.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1870s, the U.S. government pursued the policy of concentrating all Apache bands at the San Carlos Indian Reservation in the Arizona desert. Victorio and the Warm Springs Apache opposed the move, both peacefully and violently. Some of the Apaches at San Carlos were enemies of the Warm Springs band, the management of the reservation by government agents was corrupt,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and San Carlos was characterized by overcrowding, little grass for livestock to graze or <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">game</a> to hunt, bad water, and hot temperatures. Deaths of Apaches at the reservation were numerous, especially from <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, a disease previously almost unknown among them.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG/220px-BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG/330px-BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG/440px-BuffaloSolderOfElPaso.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>A memorial to Victorio's opponents, the African-American Buffalo Soldiers</figcaption></figure> <p>The commander of the U.S. army in New Mexico, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hatch" title="Edward Hatch">Edward Hatch</a>, and the local commander at Ojo Caliente, Lt. Charles W. Merritt, of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry</a> (made up of African-Americans, the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo Soldiers">Buffalo Soldiers</a> as they were called by the Apache) unsuccessfully petitioned the government in Washington, D.C. to allow Victorio a reservation at Ojo Caliente.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_skirmish">Early skirmish</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early skirmish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Victorio's Apaches attacked settlers near <a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City</a> beginning in April 1879. 9th Cavalry began its almost constant pursuit of Victorio's band. Captain Beyer and Lieutenant Wright's C Troop, along with some men of I troop, two Navaho scouts, and John R. Foster, a local guide, left <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bayard_Historic_District" title="Fort Bayard Historic District">Fort Bayard</a> in pursuit on May 25, 1879. Following a tip from local settlers, and finding dead animal carcasses nearby, the 9th Cavalry encountered Victorio's band on May 29, 1879 in a canyon in the <a href="/wiki/Mimbres_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimbres Mountains">Mimbres Mountains</a>. Negotiation broke down, the Apache band moved their women and children to safety, and shooting broke out. I Troop flanked the right side, climbing the mountain toward the Apaches and the Apaches fled on foot without leaving a trail. The cavalry destroyed the Apache camp equipment. Apache losses were unknown, the 9th Cavalry lost one man, and Beyer's force patrolled for 14 more days before returning to Fort Bayard. Victorio would not be encountered again until August 1879. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boyne" title="Thomas Boyne">Sergeant Thomas Boyne</a> would receive the Medal of Honor for his actions on May 29, 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1879, Victorio and others were charged by a civilian court in <a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City, New Mexico</a>, with murder and horse theft. Victorio, Nana, and other Warm Springs Apaches were then at the <a href="/wiki/Mescalero" title="Mescalero">Mescalero</a> reservation in New Mexico. Fearing arrest, Victorio left the reservation on August 21, 1879, to escape both possible punishment and removal from his homeland by the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fleeing with him were approximately 80 warriors and their wives and children. His band was soon augmented by additional followers from the Mescalero and other Apache bands.<sup id="cite_ref-Gott_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gott-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he never had more than 200 warriors under his command—and rarely, if at all, were they concentrated in one place at one time.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victorio's chief lieutenants were his sister <a href="/wiki/Lozen" title="Lozen">Lozen</a> and Nana, reputed to be more than 70 years old in 1879. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battles,_skirmishes,_and_raids"><span id="Battles.2C_skirmishes.2C_and_raids"></span>Battles, skirmishes, and raids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battles, skirmishes, and raids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1879">1879</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1879"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Ojo Caliente</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.57_N_107.60_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°34′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.57°N 107.60°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.57; -107.60</span></span></span></a></span></span>, September 4, 1879. From the Mescalero reservation, Victorio and his followers headed for their homeland at Ojo Caliente. Victorio needed horses and he stole about a dozen near <a href="/wiki/Three_Rivers,_New_Mexico" title="Three Rivers, New Mexico">Tres Rios</a>. Arriving at Ojo Caliente, 40 of Victorio's men attacked a company of the 9th Cavalry, killing 5 soldiers and 3 civilians and capturing 68 horses and mules.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>McEvers Ranch</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.72_N_107.57_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°43′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°34′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.72°N 107.57°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.72; -107.57</span></span></span></a></span></span>, September 11, 1879. Victorio ambushed an armed group of civilian volunteers searching for him. The Apaches killed ten armed civilians near McEvers Ranch (Lake Valley) and stole livestock from ranches in the area, also killing a family living nearby at Jaralosa Creek. The survivors of the ambush said the Apache force consisted of 100 men.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Las Animas Canyon</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.05_N_107.75_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°03′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°45′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.05°N 107.75°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.05; -107.75</span></span></span></a></span></span>, September 18, 1879. From McEvers Ranch, Victorio headed north to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Range" title="Black Range">Black Range</a>. Four companies (more than 100 men) of the 9th Cavalry found Victorio's trail and were lured into Las Las Animas Canyon. Victorio and 150 men<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ambushed the soldiers and from the heights above the canyon pinned the soldiers down for the remainder of the day. Late in the afternoon, First Sergeant <a href="/wiki/John_Denny_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="John Denny (Medal of Honor)">John Denny</a> and another soldier, while under fire, carried Private A. Freeland to safety across four hundred yards of open ground. <a href="/wiki/Matthias_W._Day" title="Matthias W. Day">Lieutenant Day</a> also rescued a soldier while under fire. The cavalry was able to withdraw after dark, leaving much of its camp gear to be captured by Apaches.<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five or six soldiers and two or three <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> scouts were reported killed—although a cemetery at the site of the battle has at least 32 graves. The canyon where the battle took place is called "Massacre Canyon" and a nearby flat area is called Victorio Park.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant Day received the Medal of Honor for his actions eleven years later, and First Sergeant John Denny received his Medal of Honor almost sixteen years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Schubert_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schubert-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Robert_Temple_Emmet" title="Robert Temple Emmet">Robert Temple Emmet</a> also received the Medal of Honor for his actions at Las Animas Canyon. </p><p><b>Cuchillo Negro</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.45_N_107.71_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°43′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.45°N 107.71°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.45; -107.71</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), September 29–30, 1879. A two-day running fight in which 200 soldiers of the 9th Cavalry and 36 Indian scouts attempted to find and defeat Victorio in the northern Black Range. Two soldiers were killed and Victorio suffered what were probably his first casualties of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Lloyd's Ranch</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.57_N_107.44_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°34′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°26′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.57°N 107.44°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.57; -107.44</span></span></span></a></span></span>, October 10–12, 1879. Victorio raided the ranch, present day <a href="/wiki/Nutt,_New_Mexico" title="Nutt, New Mexico">Nutt, New Mexico</a>, and killed four armed civilians in a rescue party; on October 12 he killed five of another rescue party (among its members was gunfighter <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ringo" title="Johnny Ringo">Johnny Ringo</a>). The civilians abandoned the goods in a wagon train to the Apaches.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Guzman Mountains, Mexico</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31.36_N_107.74_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°44′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.36°N 107.74°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.36; -107.74</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), October 27–28, 1879. Victorio crossed the border into Mexico and was followed by Major Morrow and 81 men of the 9th Cavalry and <a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Gatewood" title="Charles B. Gatewood">Charles B. Gatewood</a>'s Apache scouts. Morrow attempted to dislodge Victorio from the mountains, but gave up because of lack of water and exhaustion. The official death toll was one soldier, but Gatewood recalled several soldiers and one Apache scout killed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Candelaria Mountains, Mexico</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31_07_N_106_57_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°07′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°57′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.117°N 106.950°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.117; -106.950</span></span></span></a></span></span>, November 9, 1879. An armed force of 18 Mexican civilians searching for Victorio was ambushed and killed. A relief force of 35 men sent out to look for the missing men was also ambushed with fifteen killed. Victorio did not bother to collect the antique arms of the dead Mexicans, indicating that he had sufficient and better arms. This battle stimulated cooperation between the U.S. and Mexico to hunt down Victorio. After these battles, Victorio moved through northern Mexico, raiding and accumulating supplies. Efforts by the government of Mexico to find and defeat him were unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1880">1880</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1880"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Apache_rancheria_with_two_men_holding_rifles_-_NARA_-_530902.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1710" /></a><figcaption>Apache warriors and dwellings, called <a href="/wiki/Wikiup" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiup">wikiups</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Percha Creek</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.92_N_107.62_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°37′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.92°N 107.62°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.92; -107.62</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), January 12, 1880. Victorio evaded U.S. efforts to block him at the border and slipped back into New Mexico in early January. Major Morrow and a strong force of the 9th Cavalry with artillery caught him at Percha Creek on the eastern slopes of the Black Range, west of <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_New_Mexico" title="Hillsboro, New Mexico">Hillsboro, New Mexico</a>. Morrow had one man killed and Nana later said the Apaches had 6 killed. Victorio continued on northward.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>San Mateo Mountains</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.55_N_107.43_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°26′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.55°N 107.43°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.55; -107.43</span></span></span></a></span></span>, January 17, 1880. Returning to his old home in Ojo Caliente, Victorio attempted to negotiate terms of surrender that would allow him and his followers to remain at Ojo Caliente. Failing that, he fought the 9th cavalry in the San Mateo Mountains, probably near Vicks Mountain (named after him), killing one American officer and eluding capture or defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Caballo Mountains</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.13_N_107.21_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°08′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°13′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.13°N 107.21°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.13; -107.21</span></span></span></a></span></span>, January 30, 1880. Captain Rucker and a 9th cavalry contingent crossed the Rio Grande river and approximately one mile east of the river the Apache lured him into an ambush. The army had several horses killed and one soldier wounded before they were able to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Aleman</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.00_N_106.9_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°54′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.00°N 106.9°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.00; -106.9</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), February 3, 1880. Victorio entered the <a href="/wiki/Jornada_del_Muerto" title="Jornada del Muerto">Jornada del Muerto</a> pursued by Major Morrow with 5 companies of cavalry (~150 men) and Indian scouts. He had a skirmish with the 9th Cavalry which cost the soldiers one dead, and Victorio many of his horses. Morrow reported several Indians killed. The <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th Cavalry</a> of Buffalo Soldiers was called in from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Bliss, Texas">Fort Bliss, Texas</a> to assist in the hunt for Victorio.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>San Andres Mountains</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.92_N_106.55_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°55′N</span> <span class="longitude">106°33′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.92°N 106.55°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.92; -106.55</span></span></span></a></span></span>, February 9, 1880. The Apache routed a company of the 9th Cavalry in Hospital Canyon, driving them from the mountains, and capturing supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major Morrow and much of the 9th Cavalry retired from the field, exhausted and short of horses after chasing Victorio for the previous month.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Rio Grande Valley</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.86_N_107.29_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°52′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°17′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.86°N 107.29°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.86; -107.29</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), March 1880. War parties sent out by Victorio raided with impunity settlements along the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> for livestock, supplies, and ammunition, killing at least 20 civilians. The cavalry, having lost many horses, rested and resupplied during the month and prepared to take on an expanded campaign against Victorio.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hembrillo_Basin" title="Battle of Hembrillo Basin">Hembrillo Basin</a></b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.924_N_106.645_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°55′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°38′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.924°N 106.645°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.924; -106.645</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), April 5–8, 1880. In the largest battle of the war in numbers engaged. More than 500 soldiers and Indian scouts attempted to encircle Victorio's camp. Not all the U.S. troops found their way to the battlefield and after skirmishing at long distance Victorio withdrew successfully. The U.S. had two dead and three Apache bodies were reported found on the battlefield.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Mescalero Reservation</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.16_N_105.77_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°46′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.16°N 105.77°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.16; -105.77</span></span></span></a></span></span>, April 16, 1880. In the aftermath of the Battle of Hembrillo Basin, 1,000 U.S. soldiers descended upon the Mescalero reservation. In an effort to cut off Victorio from men and supplies provided him by the Mescaleros, the soldiers imprisoned many of the men and killed 14 who resisted or attempted to flee.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Alma</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.38_N_108.90_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">108°54′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.38°N 108.90°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.38; -108.90</span></span></span></a></span></span>, April 28, 1880. His forces divided into several war bands, Victorio raged through the rugged <a href="/wiki/Mogollon_Mountains" title="Mogollon Mountains">Mogollon Mountains</a>, killing a reported 41 civilians, including the <a href="/wiki/Alma_Massacre" title="Alma Massacre">Alma Massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Fort Tularosa</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.88_N_108.54_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°53′N</span> <span class="longitude">108°32′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.88°N 108.54°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.88; -108.54</span></span></span></a></span></span>, May 14, 1880. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Battle of Fort Tularosa</a> about 100 Apaches attacked a makeshift fort defended by 25 soldiers of the 9th Cavalry. Local residents of <a href="/wiki/Aragon,_New_Mexico" title="Aragon, New Mexico">Aragon, New Mexico</a> also took refuge in the fort. Nobody was hurt among the defenders and they claimed to have inflicted several casualties on Victorio's Apaches.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Palomas Creek</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=33.14_N_107.80_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°08′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°48′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.14°N 107.80°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.14; -107.80</span></span></span></a></span></span>, May 24, 1880. A force of approximately 60 Apache scouts headed by Chief of Scouts Henry K. Parker surrounded and surprised Victorio and a large number of his followers. They killed about 30 men, women, and children before running out of ammunition and withdrawing. Victorio was wounded. This was the first major defeat of Victorio, and it was accomplished by Apache scouts rather than soldiers. After this defeat, Victorio divided his followers into several groups and fled toward Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Deming</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=32.23_N_107.43_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°14′N</span> <span class="longitude">107°26′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.23°N 107.43°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.23; -107.43</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), June 5, 1880. Tracking Victorio's forces south to Mexico, Parker's Apache scouts found a group of Apaches and killed 10 of them, including Victorio's son Washington, who had a reputation as a fierce warrior.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Northern Mexico</b>, June and early July 1880. Victorio raided ranches and settlements in northern Mexico to gather supplies and livestock, with the apparent intention of driving the livestock to New Mexico, especially the Mescalero Reservation, to trade for arms and ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July, several Mexican soldiers and Apaches were killed in clashes between Victorio and Mexican military forces.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A,_C,_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg/220px-Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg/330px-Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg/440px-Battle_at_Quitman_Canyon_on_30_July_1880_when_10th_US_Cavalry_Troops_A%2C_C%2C_and_G_stop_Victorio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Artist's depiction of the Battle of Quitman Canyon, also called Tinaja de las Palmas</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tinaja de las Palmas</b> (or <b>Quitman Canyon</b>), <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31.01_N_105.24_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°01′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°14′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.01°N 105.24°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.01; -105.24</span></span></span></a></span></span>, July 30, 1880. Victorio crossed the Rio Grande into Texas and encountered the <a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th Cavalry</a> of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Grierson" title="Benjamin Grierson">Benjamin Grierson</a>. Rather than chasing Victorio, Grierson's strategy was to station soldiers at strategic locations, such as the infrequent waterholes in the deserts of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a> Texas. Grierson and three companies of African-American soldiers prevented Victorio and 125 warriors from accessing the Tinaja (waterhole) de las Palmas. One soldier was killed. Grierson claimed to have killed 7 Apaches.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Rattlesnake Springs</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31.35_N_104.86_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°21′N</span> <span class="longitude">104°52′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.35°N 104.86°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.35; -104.86</span></span></span></a></span></span>, August 6, 1880. Badly in need of water and probably attempting to return to New Mexico, Victorio headed north from Mexico toward Rattlesnake Springs, Texas. After a grueling march, Grierson beat him to Rattlesnake Springs. Victorio made several attempts to reach the water in the springs, but was fended off by the soldiers. Grierson had 3 dead, but estimated that he had killed or wounded 30 Apaches. Victorio turned back to Mexico after the battle, unable to reach territory familiar to him in New Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mountain and canyon in the area are named for Victorio. </p><p><b>Fort Quitman</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31.03_N_105.35_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°02′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°21′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.03°N 105.35°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.03; -105.35</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), August 10, 1880. Returning to Mexico, Victorio attacked a <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> and killed the driver and wounded a passenger, James. J. Byrne, a general during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Byrne died a few days later. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg/220px-Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg/330px-Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg/440px-Prisoners_of_tres_castillos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Apache prisoners and Mexican soldiers after the Battle of Tres Castillos</figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tres_Castillos" title="Battle of Tres Castillos">Tres Castillos</a></b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=29.97_N_105.78_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°47′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.97°N 105.78°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.97; -105.78</span></span></span></a></span></span>, October 14–15, 1880. Victorio took refuge in the desert of northern Mexico, sending out two raiding parties in search of badly needed ammunition and horses. A Mexican force of 250 men encircled his encampment and killed 62 men and boys, including Victorio, and 16 women and children, taking 68 women and children prisoners. Three Mexicans were killed. Nana was leading a raiding party and was not present during the battle. Victorio's sister, Lozen, was one of the few Apaches to escape the battle. Author Dan L. Thrapp called the battle a "massacre" as Victorio had little ammunition to resist the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Ojo Caliente (Texas)</b>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818" /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Victorio%27s_War&params=31.06_N_105.58_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">105°35′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.06°N 105.58°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.06; -105.58</span></span></span></a></span></span> (approximate), October 28, 1880. Thirty-five Apaches en route to reinforce Victorio ambushed and killed 5 soldiers of the 10th Cavalry near the Rio Grande and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Quitman" title="Fort Quitman">Fort Quitman</a>, Texas. This would be the single worst day (in terms of deaths) for the 10th Cavalry until June 21, 1916 at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizal" title="Battle of Carrizal">the Battle of Carrizal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1881">1881</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1881"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizo_Canyon" title="Battle of Carrizo Canyon">Carrizo Canyon</a></b>, August 12, 1881. Nineteen soldiers and Captain Parker from K Troop of the 9th Cavalry, from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wingate" title="Fort Wingate">Fort Wingate</a> chased <a href="/wiki/Nana_(chief)" title="Nana (chief)">Nana's</a> band of about forty to sixty Apaches into the Carrizo Canyon. Five Apaches were killed, two Privates from the 9th Cavalry were killed, and Nana escaped. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shaw_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Thomas Shaw (Medal of Honor)">Sergeant Thomas Shaw</a> was awarded the Medal of Honor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Battle of Cuchillo Negro Creek</b>, August 16, 1881. Lieutenant Gustavus Valois and I Troop of the 9th Cavalry, on patrol from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Craig" title="Fort Craig">Fort Craig</a>, encountered an exhausted Mexican who informed the cavalry that Nana's Apaches killed his family at his nearby ranch. <a href="/wiki/George_Ritter_Burnett" title="George Ritter Burnett">Lieutenant George R. Burnett</a> and 15 soldiers from I Troop along with Mexican volunteers (a combined force of about 50 men) searched for Nana's warriors and found the mutilated family. The soldiers followed the Apache trail and found Nana's group of about 40 to 60 warriors disguised as Mexicans near the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Range" title="Black Range">Black Range</a> at Chuchillo Negro Creek. The Apaches opened fire and a prolonged engagement followed, with the Apaches retreating into the mountains. At one point, the soldiers thought their commanding officer was retreating (his horse ran away) and began to retreat, but were brought back to the fight. At dark, Nana and his warriors dispersed into the mountain. Two of the 9th Cavalry were wounded and six of the cavalry's horses were killed. <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Walley" title="Augustus Walley">Private Augustus Walley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_Williams_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Moses Williams (Medal of Honor)">First Sergeant Moses Williams</a>, and Lieutenant George Burnett all received the Medal of Honor for their actions on this day.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Gavilan Canyon</b>, August 19, 1881. Lieutenant George W. Smith and B Troop of the 9th Cavalry, on patrol from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Cummings" title="Fort Cummings">Fort Cummings</a> were ambushed by Chief Nana and his Apache band in the Gavilan Canyon (a stream bed between the Mimbres Mountains and the Mimbres River, to the south of Carrizo Canyon). Smith and three troopers were immediately killed. <a href="/wiki/Brent_Woods" title="Brent Woods">Sergeant Brent Woods</a> took command after a brief period of confusion and led a charge up the canyon wall against the Apaches. Nana and his warriors retreated. Reinforcements arrived to give chase, but Nana and his band escaped back to Mexico. Sergeant Woods received the Medal of Honor for his actions.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Karl W. Laumbach, <i>Hembrillo, an Apache Battlefield of the Victorio War</i>, 2000</li> <li>Kendall D. Gott, <i>In Search of an Elusive Enemy: The Victorio campaign, 1879-1880</i>, Combat Studies Institute Press</li> <li>John Wilson, <i>Victorio's War</i>, Orca Book Publishers, 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache-Mexico_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache-Mexico Wars">Apache-Mexico Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Alamosa,_New_Mexico" title="Canada Alamosa, New Mexico">Canada Alamosa, New Mexico</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michno, pp. 335–340</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haley, p. 396</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921033654/http://www.buffalosoldier.net/BuffaloSoldiers%26ChiefVictorio.htm">"Buffalo Soldiers & Chief Victorio"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buffalosoldier.net/BuffaloSoldiers%26ChiefVictorio.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buffalo+Soldiers+%26+Chief+Victorio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buffalosoldier.net%2FBuffaloSoldiers%2526ChiefVictorio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp, Dan L. (1974), <i>Victorio and the Mimbes Apaches</i>, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt. Robert N. (2011), "Victorio's Military and Political Leadership of the Warm Springs Apaches", <i>War in History</i>, Vol. 18 (4), p. 457</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1967), pp. 181–182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1967), p. 257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberts, David (1993), <i>Once They Moved Like the Wind: Cochise, Geronimo, and the Apache Wars</i>, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp, Dan L (1974), <i>The Conquest of Apacheria,</i> Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 180–181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/49"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/49">49–53</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=49-53&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 217–218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gott-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gott_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGott" class="citation book cs1">Gott, Kendall D. <i>In Search of an Elusive Enemy: The Victorio Campaign</i>. Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+an+Elusive+Enemy%3A+The+Victorio+Campaign&rft.place=Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute+Press&rft.aulast=Gott&rft.aufirst=Kendall+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clodfelter, Micheal (2017), <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and other Figures, 1492-2015</i>, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 220–221, Roberts, p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), p. 237; Springer, Craig, Hillsboro's Other 9/11s" <i>Desert Exposure</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.desertexposure.com/201209/201209_hillsboros_911s_php">http://www.desertexposure.com/201209/201209_hillsboros_911s_php</a>, accessed 2 Jun 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schubert-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schubert_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schubert_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schubert_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/54"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/54">54–59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=54-59&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 237–240; Bowser, David (2012), Massacre In Las Animas Canyon", <i>Livestock Weekly</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://sofarfromheaven.com/2012/06/28/massacre-canyon-long-after-the-dust-settled/">[1]</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.amtopo.com/wordpress/2011/06/22/battle-of-las-animas-canyon-monument-buffalo-soldier-cemetery-victoria-park-nm-quadrangle/">[2]</a>, accessed 2 Jun 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 239–244; <i>Annual Report of the Secretary of War, Vol. 1</i>, United States War Department, U.S.Government Printing Office, p. 520</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, David D. (2008), <i>John Ringo: King of the Cowboys: His Life and Times from the Hoo Doo War to Tombstone,</i> Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press, pp. 114–116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 248–251; Watt (2011), p. 464</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 252–257; Watt. p. 464; Utley, Robert M., "Victorio's War", <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.historynet.com/victorios-war.htm">http://www.historynet.com/victorios-war.htm</a>, accessed 3 Jun 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweeney, Edwin R. (2012), <i>From Cochise to Geronimo: The Chiricahua Apaches, 1874-1886,</i> Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, p. 149; Watt, p. 464</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, Robert N. (nd), <i>Apache Tactics 1830-1886,</i> Osprey Publishing, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 262–263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1967), pp 192-193; Nunnally, Michael (2010), <i>American Indian Wars</i>, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 149–150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt (2011), p. 472</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, (2011), p. 465; Thrapp (1974), pp. 266–267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laumbach, Karl W. (2001). "Fire Fight at Hembrillo Basin". Archaeology. 54 (6): 37–38. . Downloaded from JSTOR.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sonnichsen, C.L. (1958). <i>The Mescalero Apaches</i>, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, pp. 195–206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Alma Massacre, Alma New Mexico",<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007024700/http://www.huntel.com/~artpike/almamass.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20081007024700/http://www.huntel.com/~artpike/almamass.htm</a>, accessed 5 Jun 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Battle of Fort Tularosa",<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/battle-tularosa-14-may-1880e">http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/battle-tularosa-14-may-1880e</a>, accessed 6 Jun 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 277–281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 282, 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, Robert N. (2015), "A Reevaluation of Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson's Trans-Pecos Campaign against Victorio, July–August 1880", <i>Southwestern Historical Quarterly</i>, Vol. 118 (3), p. 245. Downloaded from Project Muse.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp 286-287</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcChristian1995" class="citation web cs1">McChristian, Douglas C. (August 1, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qft01">"Tinaja de las Palmas, Battle of"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas</i>. Texas State Historical Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803055748/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qft01">Archived</a> from the original on Aug 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas&rft.atitle=Tinaja+de+las+Palmas%2C+Battle+of&rft.date=1995-08-01&rft.aulast=McChristian&rft.aufirst=Douglas+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fqft01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michno, Gregory F. (2003), <i>Encyclopedia of Indian Wars: Western Battles and Skirmishes, 1850-1890,</i> Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Company, pp 335-335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thrapp (1974), pp. 293–307</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michno, p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/77"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/77">77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/77"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/77">77–79</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=77-79&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/79"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/79">79–83</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=79-83&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchubert1997" class="citation book cs1">Schubert, Frank N. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/83"><i>Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 1870-1898</i></a>. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackvalorbuffal00schu/page/83">83–86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780842025867" title="Special:BookSources/9780842025867"><bdi>9780842025867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Valor%3A+Buffalo+Soldiers+and+the+Medal+of+Honor%2C+1870-1898&rft.pages=83-86&rft.pub=Scholarly+Resources+Inc.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780842025867&rft.aulast=Schubert&rft.aufirst=Frank+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackvalorbuffal00schu%2Fpage%2F83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVictorio%27s+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victorio%27s_War&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Victorio%27s_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Victorio's War">Victorio's War</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buffalo_Soldiers4373" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Template:Buffalo Soldiers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Buffalo_Soldiers" title="Template 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rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buffaloes._367th_Infantry,_(African_American)_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/195px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/293px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg/390px-Buffaloes._367th_Infantry%2C_%28African_American%29_troops_return_colors_to_Union_League_Club._Men_draw_._._._-_NARA_-_533590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Original units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">10th Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="24th Infantry Regiment (United States)">24th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Regiment (United States)">25th Infantry Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipients <br /> (1866–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Baker_Jr." title="Edward L. Baker Jr.">Edward L. Baker Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Bell_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Dennis Bell (Medal of Honor)">Dennis Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Boyne" title="Thomas Boyne">Thomas Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Benjamin Brown (Medal of Honor)">Benjamin Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ritter_Burnett" title="George Ritter Burnett">George Ritter Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter" title="Louis H. Carpenter">Louis H. Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denny_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="John Denny (Medal of Honor)">John Denny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey_Factor" title="Pompey Factor">Pompey Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Greaves" title="Clinton Greaves">Clinton Greaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Medal_of_Honor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Johnson (Medal of Honor)">Henry Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jordan_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="George Jordan (Medal of Honor)">George Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitz_Lee_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Fitz Lee (Medal of Honor)">Fitz Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Mays" title="Isaiah Mays">Isaiah Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McBryar" title="William McBryar">William McBryar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Paine" title="Adam Paine">Adam Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Payne" title="Isaac Payne">Isaac Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shaw_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Thomas Shaw (Medal of Honor)">Thomas Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Stance" title="Emanuel Stance">Emanuel Stance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Stowers" title="Freddie Stowers">Freddie Stowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Thompkins" title="William H. Thompkins">William H. Thompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Walley" title="Augustus Walley">Augustus Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Wanton" title="George H. Wanton">George H. Wanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="John Ward (Medal of Honor)">John Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Williams_(Medal_of_Honor)" title="Moses Williams (Medal of Honor)">Moses Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Othello_Wilson" title="William Othello Wilson">William Othello Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Woods" title="Brent Woods">Brent Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Notable battles <br /> (1866–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saline_River" title="Battle of the Saline River">Saline River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas%E2%80%93Indian_wars" title="Texas–Indian wars">Texas–Indian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beecher_Island" title="Battle of Beecher Island">Beecher Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_M._Nolan#Defense_of_the_Wichita" title="Nicholas M. Nolan">Wichita I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter#Battle_of_Beaver_Creek" title="Louis H. Carpenter">Beaver Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_North_Fork_of_the_Red_River" title="Battle of the North Fork of the Red River">North Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_War" title="Red River War">Red River War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Carpenter#Defense_of_the_Wichita_II" title="Louis H. Carpenter">Wichita II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wars" title="Apache Wars">Apache Wars</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victorio Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Tularosa" title="Battle of Fort Tularosa">Fort Tularosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannock_War_of_1895" title="Bannock War of 1895">Bannock Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Uprising" title="Yaqui Uprising">Yaqui Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bear_Valley" title="Battle of Bear Valley">Bear Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeker_Massacre" title="Meeker Massacre">Meeker Massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Guasimas" title="Battle of Las Guasimas">Las Guasimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tayacoba" title="Battle of Tayacoba">Tayacoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Caney" title="Battle of El Caney">El Caney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_Hill" title="Battle of San Juan Hill">San Juan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Santiago" title="Siege of Santiago">Santiago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Philippine%E2%80%93American_War" title="Philippine–American War">Philippine–American War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Rebellion" title="Moro Rebellion">Moro Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Border_War_(1910%E2%80%931919)" class="mw-redirect" title="Border War (1910–1919)">Border War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_Expedition" title="Pancho Villa Expedition">Pancho Villa Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carrizal" title="Battle of Carrizal">Carrizal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ambos_Nogales" title="Battle of Ambos Nogales">Ambos Nogales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">Third Battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_campaigns_in_World_War_I#Oise-Aisne,_18_August_–_11_November_1918" title="United States campaigns in World War I">Oise-Aisne Offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wham_Paymaster_Robbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Wham Paymaster Robbery">Wham Paymaster Robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownsville Affair">Brownsville Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_Riot" title="Bisbee Riot">Bisbee Riot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history of African Americans</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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