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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti_magnetov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti_magnetov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vlastnosti magnetov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti_magnetov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fyzikálny_pôvod_magnetizmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fyzikálny_pôvod_magnetizmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fyzikálny pôvod magnetizmu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fyzikálny_pôvod_magnetizmu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Fyzikálny pôvod magnetizmu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fyzikálny_pôvod_magnetizmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Permanentné_magnety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanentné_magnety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Permanentné magnety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanentné_magnety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektrické_vytvorenie_magnetizmu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektrické_vytvorenie_magnetizmu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Elektrické vytvorenie magnetizmu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektrické_vytvorenie_magnetizmu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektromagnety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektromagnety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Elektromagnety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektromagnety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charakteristiky_magnetov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakteristiky_magnetov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Charakteristiky magnetov</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Charakteristiky_magnetov-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Charakteristiky magnetov</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Charakteristiky_magnetov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Permanentné_magnety_a_dvojpóly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanentné_magnety_a_dvojpóly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Permanentné magnety a dvojpóly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanentné_magnety_a_dvojpóly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Určenie_severného_pólu_a_zemské_magnetické_pole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Určenie_severného_pólu_a_zemské_magnetické_pole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Určenie severného pólu a zemské magnetické pole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Určenie_severného_pólu_a_zemské_magnetické_pole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pozri_aj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pozri_aj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pozri aj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pozri_aj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 129 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-129" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">129 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneet" title="Magneet – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Magneet" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – nemčina (švajčiarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemčina (švajčiarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%8D%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%A2%E1%88%B5" title="መግነጢስ – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መግነጢስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n" title="Imán – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Imán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مغناطيس – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مغناطيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="هندة – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هندة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95" title="চুম্বক – ásamčina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চুম্বক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ásamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n" title="Imán – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Imán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achkatasiri" title="Achkatasiri – aymarčina" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Achkatasiri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqnit" title="Maqnit – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maqnit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دمیرقاپان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دمیرقاپان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – bavorština" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnets" title="Magnets – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Magnets" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosi_Barani" title="Bosi Barani – batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Bosi Barani" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Магніт – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магніт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Магніт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Магніт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95" title="চুম্বক – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চুম্বক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Суранзан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Суранзан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imant" title="Imant – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Imant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-ti%C3%A9k" title="Cṳ̀-tiék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cṳ̀-tiék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="موگناتیس – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="موگناتیس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μαγνήτης – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγνήτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magneto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n" title="Imán – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Imán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iman" title="Iman – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="آهنربا – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آهنربا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneetti" title="Magneetti – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Magneetti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimant" title="Aimant – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aimant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneet" title="Magneet – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Magneet" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maighn%C3%A9ad" title="Maighnéad – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maighnéad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%A1n" title="Imán – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Imán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98" title="מגנט – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="चुम्बक – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चुम्बक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbak_loha" title="Chumbak loha – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chumbak loha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lland%C3%B3_m%C3%A1gnes" title="Állandó mágnes – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állandó mágnes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Մագնիս – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մագնիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnete" title="Magnete – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Magnete" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnete" title="Magnete – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Magnete" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipitchak" title="Nipitchak – inupik" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nipitchak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Magneto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segull" title="Segull – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Segull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnete" title="Magnete – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magnete" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E7%9F%B3" title="磁石 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="磁石" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A8t" title="Magnèt – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Magnèt" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მაგნიტი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაგნიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosi_Barani" title="Bosi Barani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bosi Barani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4" title="ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%84%9D" title="자석 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자석" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A0%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B3" title="مؠقناطیٖس – kašmírčina" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مؠقناطیٖس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmírčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangneet" title="Mangneet – kolínčina" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Mangneet" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kolínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C5%9Fanek" title="Kişanek – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kişanek" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnes" title="Magnes – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magnes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneet" title="Magneet – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Magneet" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetas" title="Magnetas – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Magnetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C4%93ts" title="Magnēts – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Magnēts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basi_barani" title="Basi barani – minangkabaučina" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Basi barani" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabaučina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магнет – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Магнет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="കാന്തം – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാന്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Соронз – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Соронз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="चुंबक – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चुंबक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besi_berani" title="Besi berani – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Besi berani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="သံလိုက် – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံလိုက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneet" title="Magneet – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Magneet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="चुम्बक – nepálčina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चुम्बक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%95" title="चुम्बक – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चुम्बक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneet" title="Magneet – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Magneet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimant" title="Asimant – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Asimant" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagneetii(loobilaa)" title="Maagneetii(loobilaa) – oromčina" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maagneetii(loobilaa)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%95" title="ਚੁੰਬਕ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੁੰਬਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnes" title="Magnes – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Magnes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnete" title="Magnete – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Magnete" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%DD%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مقݨاطیس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مقݨاطیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مقناطيس – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مقناطيس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dman" title="Íman – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Íman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27askachimuq" title="K'askachimuq – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'askachimuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Магнит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Маґнет – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Маґнет" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamita" title="Calamita – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Calamita" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%82%D9%85%D9%82" title="چقمق – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چقمق" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magneti" title="Magneti – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Magneti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Магнет – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магнет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magn%C3%A9t" title="Magnét – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Magnét" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet" title="Magnet – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Magnet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumaku" title="Sumaku – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sumaku" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="காந்தம் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காந்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4" title="ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ – tuluština" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಅಯಸ್ಕಾಂತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="అయస్కాంతం – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయస్కాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Оҳанрабо – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оҳанрабо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="แม่เหล็ก – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่เหล็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batubalani" title="Batubalani – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Batubalani" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1knat%C4%B1s" title="Mıknatıs – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mıknatıs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сорунза – tuviančina" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Сорунза" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82" title="Магніт – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магніт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مقناطیس – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مقناطیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit" title="Magnit – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Magnit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnit" title="Magnit – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Magnit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_ch%C3%A2m" title="Nam châm – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam châm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inmant" title="Inmant – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inmant" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batubarani" title="Batubarani – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Batubarani" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijjaan" title="Bijjaan – wolofčina" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bijjaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E9%93%81%E7%9F%B3" title="吸铁石 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="吸铁石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%AD%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჭაჭმენტი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭაჭმენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98" title="מאגנעט – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאגנעט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gb%C3%A9ringb%C3%A9rin" title="Gbéringbérin – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gbéringbérin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E9%90%B5" title="磁鐵 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="磁鐵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khip-chio%CC%8Dh" title="Khip-chio̍h – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khip-chio̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="攝石 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="攝石" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11421#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Upraviť medzijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upraviť odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Menné priestory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magnet" title="Zobraziť obsah stránky [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stránka</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusia:Magnet&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusia o obsahu stránky (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenčina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazenia"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Magnet"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=history" title="Minulé revízie tejto stránky. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akcie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Magnet0873.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Magnet0873.png/220px-Magnet0873.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Magnet0873.png/330px-Magnet0873.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Magnet0873.png/440px-Magnet0873.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Železné piliny v magnetickom poli</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Magnet</b> je objekt, ktorý v priestore vo svojom okolí vytvára <a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%A9_pole" title="Magnetické pole">magnetické pole</a>. Môže mať formu <a href="/wiki/Permanentn%C3%BD_magnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanentný magnet">permanentného magnetu</a> alebo <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnet" title="Elektromagnet">elektromagnetu</a>. Permanentné magnety nepotrebujú k vytváraniu magnetického poľa žiadnu vonkajšiu energiu. Vyskytujú sa prirodzene v niektorých nerastoch, ale dajú sa tiež vyrobiť. Elektromagnety potrebujú k vytvoreniu magnetického poľa <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A1_energia" title="Elektrická energia">elektrickú energiu</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti_magnetov">Vlastnosti magnetov</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vlastnosti magnetov" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti magnetov"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Magnety sú priťahované alebo odpudzované inými materiálmi. Materiál, ktorý je silno priťahovaný k magnetu má vysokú <a href="/wiki/Permeabilita_(magnetizmus)" title="Permeabilita (magnetizmus)">permeabilitu</a>. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">Železo</a> a <a href="/wiki/Oce%C4%BE" title="Oceľ">oceľ</a> sú dva príklady materiálov s veľmi vysokou permeabilitou a sú veľmi silno priťahované magnetmi. Voda má tak nízku permeabilitu, že je magnetickým poľom ľahko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Odpudivos%C5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odpudivosť (stránka neexistuje)">odpudzovaná</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/SI" title="SI">SI</a>-je jednotkou magnetickej indukcie, ktorá je nesprávne považovaná za „intenzitu“ magnetického poľa, je <a href="/wiki/Tesla_(jednotka)" title="Tesla (jednotka)">tesla</a> (značka T). Homogénne magnetické pole, majúce magnetickú indukciu 1 T pôsobí na každý meter priameho vodiča pretekaného elektrickým prúdom 1 <a href="/wiki/Amp%C3%A9r" title="Ampér">ampér</a> silou 1 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(jednotka)" title="Newton (jednotka)">newton</a>. Jednotkou SI intenzity magnetického poľa je ampér na meter (A/m). Jednotkou SI <a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%BD_tok" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetický tok">magnetického toku</a> je <a href="/wiki/Weber_(jednotka)" title="Weber (jednotka)">Weber</a> (značka Wb). Magnetický tok je súčinom magnetickej indukcie a plochy, ktorou pole prechádza; 1 Wb = 1 T·m<sup>2</sup>. Je to veľmi vysoká hodnota magnetického toku. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce História"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovo <i>magnet</i> pochádza z <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9%C4%8Dtina" class="mw-disambig" title="Gréčtina">gréckeho</a> <i>μαγνήτης λίθος</i> (<i>magnētēs lithos</i>), čo znamená „magnéziový kameň“. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnesia (stránka neexistuje)">Magnesia</a> bola oblasť v <a href="/wiki/Antick%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9cko" class="mw-redirect" title="Antické Grécko">Antickom Grécku</a>, dnešná <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manisa (stránka neexistuje)">Manisa</a> v <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecku</a>, kde boli objavené zásoby <a href="/wiki/Magnetit" title="Magnetit">magnetitu</a> už v antike. Starodávni čínski navigátori boli medzi prvými zaznamenanými užívateľmi magnetických kompasov. </p><p>V mytológii arabských moreplavcov hrala významnú rolu povesť o magnetovej hore. V pätnástom storočí sa Arabi magnetovej hory báli natoľko, že vo svojich plavidlách nepoužívali žiadne železné predmety (teda ani klince). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fyzikálny_pôvod_magnetizmu"><span id="Fyzik.C3.A1lny_p.C3.B4vod_magnetizmu"></span>Fyzikálny pôvod magnetizmu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Fyzikálny pôvod magnetizmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fyzikálny pôvod magnetizmu"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanentné_magnety"><span id="Permanentn.C3.A9_magnety"></span>Permanentné magnety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Permanentné magnety" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Permanentné magnety"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hmota je zložená z častíc ako sú <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3n" title="Protón">protóny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutr%C3%B3n" title="Neutrón">neutróny</a> a <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3n" title="Elektrón">elektróny</a> a všetky majú základnú vlastnosť: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvantov%C3%BD_mechanick%C3%BD_spin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvantový mechanický spin (stránka neexistuje)">kvantový mechanický spin</a>. Spin dáva každej tejto častici určité magnetické pole. Preto by sa dalo očakávať, že všetka hmota bude magnetická, aj <a href="/wiki/Antihmota" title="Antihmota">antihmota</a> by mala mať magnetické vlastnosti. Napriek tomu to tak nie je. </p><p>V každom atóme a molekule je spin týchto častíc prísne usporiadaný podľa <a href="/wiki/Pauliho_vylu%C4%8Dovac%C3%AD_princ%C3%ADp" title="Pauliho vylučovací princíp">Pauliho vylučovacieho princípu</a>. Tento princíp usporiadania spinu ale neplatí na veľkú vzdialenosť <i>medzi</i> atómami a molekulami. Bez tohto vzdialeného usporiadania tu nevzniká sieťové magnetické pole, pretože magnetický moment každej z častíc je vyrušený momentom ostatných častíc. </p><p>Permanentné magnety sú zvláštne v tom, že pri nich vzdialené usporiadanie existuje. Najvyšší stupeň usporiadania existuje v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetick%C3%A1_dom%C3%A9na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetická doména (stránka neexistuje)">magnetických doménach</a>. To sa dá prirovnať k mikroskopickým susedstvám, v ktorých je silné pôsobenie medzi časticami a výsledkom toho je vysoká úroveň usporiadanosti. Čím vyššia je usporiadanosť v doméne, tým silnejšie je výsledné pole. </p><p>Vzdialené usporiadanie (a výsledné silné magnetické pole) je hlavným znakom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feromagnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feromagnet (stránka neexistuje)">feromagnetických</a> materiálov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektrické_vytvorenie_magnetizmu"><span id="Elektrick.C3.A9_vytvorenie_magnetizmu"></span>Elektrické vytvorenie magnetizmu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Elektrické vytvorenie magnetizmu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Elektrické vytvorenie magnetizmu"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elektróny hrajú hlavnú rolu vo vytváraní magnetického poľa. Vo vnútri atómu môžu elektróny existovať buď samostatne alebo v pároch na akomkoľvek <a href="/wiki/Orbita" class="mw-disambig" title="Orbita">orbite</a>. Ak sú spárované, tak jednotlivé elektróny z tohto páru majú opačný spin – jeden horný, druhý dolný. Fakt, že spiny sú opačné znamená, že jeden druhého vyrušia. Ak sú všetky elektróny spárované, magnetické pole sa nevytvorí. </p><p>V niektorých atómoch sú nespárované elektróny. Všetky magnety majú nespárované elektróny, ale nie všetky atómy s nespárovanými elektrónmi sú feromagnetické. Aby bol materiál feromagnetický, musí obsahovať nespárované elektróny, ale tieto na sebe musia pôsobiť cez veľkú vzdialenosť tak, aby boli všetky orientované na rovnakú stranu. Špecifické postavenie elektrónov v atóme (a taktiež vzdialenosť medzi atómami) je to čo vytvára vzdialené usporiadanie. Elektróny majú nižšiu energiu pokiaľ sú rovnako orientované. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektromagnety">Elektromagnety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Elektromagnety" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Elektromagnety"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elektromagnet vo svojej najjednoduchšej forme, je drôt zvinutý do jednej alebo viacerých slučiek. Takejto slučke sa hovorí <a href="/wiki/Solenoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Solenoid">solenoid</a>. Keď slučkou prechádza elektrický prúd, vytvorí sa okolo nej magnetické pole. Orientácia tohto poľa sa dá určiť podľa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pravidlo_pravej_ruky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pravidlo pravej ruky (stránka neexistuje)">pravidla pravej ruky</a>. Sila poľa je ovplyvnená niekoľkými faktormi. Počet slučiek určuje rozsah pôsobenia, množstvo prúdu určuje množstvo aktivity a materiál v jadre určuje <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_odpor" title="Elektrický odpor">elektrický odpor</a>. Čím viac slučiek a čím vyšší prúd, tím silnejšie magnetické pole vznikne. </p><p>Ak je slučka vo svojom strede dutá, bude generovať len veľmi slabé pole. Do stredu cievky možno vkladať rôzne feromagnetické alebo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnet (stránka neexistuje)">paramagnetické</a> materiály, čo zosilní ich magnetické pole, napríklad železný klinec. Pre tento účel sa bežne používa mäkké železo. Pridanie takýchto vecí môže pole zosilniť stokrát až tisíckrát. </p><p>Na dlhé vzdialenosti sa magnetické polia riadia zákonom nepriameho štvorca. To znamená, že sila poľa je nepriamo úmerná štvorcu vzdialenosti od magnetu. </p><p>Ak je magnet v kontakte s rovným kovovým plátkom, sila potrebná na ich oddelenie musí byť tým väčšia, čím tesnejší je kontakt medzi oboma povrchmi. Čím rovnejšie povrchy, tým je medzi nimi väčší počet styčných bodov a tým je menší <a href="/wiki/Odpor" class="mw-disambig" title="Odpor">odpor</a> medzi magnetickým okruhom a magnetickým poľom. </p><p>Elektromagnety sa používajú v mnohých prípadoch, od <a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%BDch%C4%BEova%C4%8D_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc" title="Urýchľovač častíc">urýchľovača častíc</a> cez žeriavy na šrotovisku až po stroje pre <a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%A1_rezonancia" title="Magnetická rezonancia">magnetickú rezonanciu</a>. Existujú taktiež špeciálne procesy, ktoré vyžadujú viac než jednoduchý dvojpólový magnet, ako napríklad <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tvorp%C3%B3lov%C3%BD_magnet" title="Štvorpólový magnet">štvorpólový magnet</a>, ktorý sa používa pre zaostrovanie lúčov častíc. </p><p>Ak slučkou elektromagnetu prechádza dostatok prúdu, magnetická sila medzi susediacimi slučkami cievky môže spôsobiť, že sa elektromagnet rozdrví vlastnou magnetickou silou. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristiky_magnetov">Charakteristiky magnetov</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Charakteristiky magnetov" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakteristiky magnetov"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanentné_magnety_a_dvojpóly"><span id="Permanentn.C3.A9_magnety_a_dvojp.C3.B3ly"></span>Permanentné magnety a dvojpóly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Permanentné magnety a dvojpóly" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Permanentné magnety a dvojpóly"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Všetky magnety majú aspoň dva póly: čiže majú najmenej jeden severný a jeden južný pól. Póly nie sú párom vecí na alebo vo vnútri magnetu. Na začiatku článku je obrázok magnetu, póly na ňom vyzerajú ako dve špecifické oblasti, pretože najväčšia povrchová intenzita poľa sa objavuje na póloch magnetu, ale neznamená to, že ide o špecifické oblasti. </p><p>K pochopeniu pólov si možno predstaviť rad ľudí, ktorí sa všetci pozerajú rovnakým smerom a stoja v jednej rovine. Aj keď môžeme vymedziť oblasť, kde sa nachádzajú všetky čelá a kde všetky tylá, neexistuje jediný bod v ktorom by sa nachádzali všetky. Každý jediný človek má na jednej strane čelo a na druhej týl. Keď sa rad rozdelí na polovicu, každá polovica bude stále mať čelo a týl. Dokonca i keď rad rozdelíme na jednotlivé osoby, každá z nich bude mať svoje čelo a týl. Takto sa dá postupovať do nekonečna. </p><p>Rovnaké je to s magnetmi. Na magnete nie je miesto, kde by sa nachádzali všetky južné či severné póly. Keď sa magnet rozdelí na dva, tak obidva budú mať severný aj južný pól. Tieto dva menšie magnety sa dajú ďalej rozdeliť a každý diel bude mať zase oba póly. Vo väčšine prípadov sa stane, že keď budeme materiál rozdeľovať na stále menšie a menšie časti, časom sa dostaneme do bodu, kedy už budú jednotlivé čiastočky natoľko malé, že si nedokážu udržať magnetické pole. Napriek tomu sa ale nestanú oddelenými pólmi, len stratia schopnosť udržať si magnetické pole. Niektoré materiály ale môžeme rozdeliť až na <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekulárnu úroveň</a> a stále si zachovajú pole s južným a severným pólom. Existujú teórie o samostatných južných a severných póloch – <a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%BD_monop%C3%B3l" title="Magnetický monopól">magnetických monopóloch</a>, ale taký monopól ešte nebol nikde nájdený. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Určenie_severného_pólu_a_zemské_magnetické_pole"><span id="Ur.C4.8Denie_severn.C3.A9ho_p.C3.B3lu_a_zemsk.C3.A9_magnetick.C3.A9_pole"></span>Určenie severného pólu a zemské magnetické pole</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Určenie severného pólu a zemské magnetické pole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Určenie severného pólu a zemské magnetické pole"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Štandardné pomenovanie pólov magnetu je dôležité. Už v histórii termíny severný a južný ukazovali na uvedomenie si vzťahu medzi magnetmi a <a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%A9_pole_Zeme" title="Magnetické pole Zeme">magnetickým poľom zeme</a>. Voľne podopretý magnet sa časom vždy natočí od severu k juhu, pretože je priťahovaný k severnému a južnému zemskému pólu. Koniec magnetu, ktorý smeruje k <a href="/wiki/Zem" title="Zem">zemskému</a> geografickému <a href="/w/index.php?title=Severn%C3%AD_P%C3%B3l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severní Pól (stránka neexistuje)">severnému pólu</a>, sa označuje ako severný pól magnetu, časť smerujúca k juhu zase ako južný pól magnetu. </p><p>Súčasný geografický <i>severný pól</i> je vlastne <i>magnetickým juhom</i>. Aby sa situácia ešte skomplikovala, zmagnetizované horniny na oceánskom dne ukazujú, že magnetické pole Zeme sa v minulosti otočilo, takže toto pomenovanie pólov bude v budúcnosti pravdepodobne zase naopak. </p><p>Našťastie použitím elektromagnetu a pravidla pravej ruky sa dá orientácia magnetického poľa magnetu určiť aj bez znalostí zemského geomagnetického poľa. </p><p>Aby sa predišlo problémom medzi geografickými a magnetickými pólmi, pri magnetoch sa často používa označenie <i>pozitívny</i> a <i>negatívny</i> pól. Pozitívny je ten, ktorý sa otáča na sever. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pozri_aj">Pozri aj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Pozri aj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnet&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pozri aj"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetick%C3%A9_pole" title="Magnetické pole">Magnetické pole</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnet&oldid=7756667">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnet&oldid=7756667</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategória</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Magnetizmus" title="Kategória:Magnetizmus">Magnetizmus</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 11. december 2023, 11:19.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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