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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tissue distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tissue_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clinical application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inhibitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inhibitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Inhibitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inhibitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aging_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aging_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aging studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aging_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CD38</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38" title="CD38 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CD38" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38" title="CD38 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="CD38" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38" title="CD38 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="CD38" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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<div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png/250px-Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png/375px-Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png/500px-Protein_CD38_PDB_1yh3.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P56528%20or%20P28907">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P56528,P28907">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4TMF">4TMF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1YH3">1YH3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ZVM">1ZVM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2EF1">2EF1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2HCT">2HCT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I65">2I65</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I66">2I66</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2I67">2I67</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O3Q">2O3Q</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O3R">2O3R</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O3S">2O3S</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O3T">2O3T</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2O3U">2O3U</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2PGJ">2PGJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2PGL">2PGL</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZF">3DZF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZG">3DZG</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZH">3DZH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZI">3DZI</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZJ">3DZJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3DZK">3DZK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3F6Y">3F6Y</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3I9M">3I9M</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3I9N">3I9N</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3OFS">3OFS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3RAJ">3RAJ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ROK">3ROK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ROM">3ROM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ROP">3ROP</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3ROQ">3ROQ</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3U4H">3U4H</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3U4I">3U4I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4CMH">4CMH</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4F45">4F45</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4F46">4F46</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4OGW">4OGW</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4XJS">4XJS</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4XJT">4XJT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5F1K">5F1K</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5F1O">5F1O</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5F21">5F21</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/1667">CD38</a></span>, ADPRC1, ADPRC 1, CD38 molecule</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/107270">107270</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:107474">107474</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=1345">1345</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD38">CD38</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000004468">CD38 - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?enzyme+2.4.99.20">2.4.99.20</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 4 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 4 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_4_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 4 (human)">Chromosome 4 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 4 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 4 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_4_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 19.056268277505px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD38"><img alt="Genomic location for CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 25.1px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD38"><img alt="Genomic location for CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">4p15.32</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">15,778,275 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">15,853,232 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 5 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 5 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 5 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 79.929134229694px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD38"><img alt="Genomic location for CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 85.9px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for CD38"><img alt="Genomic location for CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">5 B3|5 23.85 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">44,025,895 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">44,069,717 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000004468">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">seminal vesicula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bone marrow cells</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lymph node</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">thymus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">appendix</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">bronchial epithelial cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gonad</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">granulocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">muscle of thigh</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000029084">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">stroma of bone marrow</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left colon</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">seminal vesicula</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">spleen</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mesenteric lymph nodes</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">Paneth cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">jejunum</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lumbar subsegment of spinal cord</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left lung lobe</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">duodenum</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000004468">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_CD38_205692_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/952/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016740">transferase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016798">hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050135">NAD(P)+ nucleosidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016787">hydrolase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061809">NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0003953">NAD+ nucleosidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016849">phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042802">identical protein binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016021">integral component of membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016020">membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043231">intracellular membrane-bounded organelle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009986">cell surface</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005634">nucleus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005886">plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016323">basolateral plasma membrane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030667">secretory granule membrane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0050853">B cell receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0034097">response to cytokine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032355">response to estradiol</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070555">response to interleukin-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001666">response to hypoxia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032526">response to retinoic acid</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007204">positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032570">response to progesterone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007565">female pregnancy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043066">negative regulation of apoptotic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0033194">response to hydroperoxide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045893">positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030307">positive regulation of cell growth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030890">positive regulation of B cell proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045907">positive regulation of vasoconstriction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060292">long-term depression</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0097190">apoptotic signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009725">response to hormone</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045892">negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007165">signal transduction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032024">positive regulation of insulin secretion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045779">negative regulation of bone resorption</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0019674">NAD metabolic process</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008284">positive regulation of cell population proliferation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010977">negative regulation of neuron projection development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014824">artery smooth muscle contraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=952&rn=1">952</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12494&rn=1">12494</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000004468;db=core">ENSG00000004468</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000029084;db=core">ENSMUSG00000029084</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P28907">P28907</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P56528">P56528</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001775">NM_001775</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_007646">NM_007646</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001766">NP_001766</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_031672">NP_031672</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr4:15778275-15853232">Chr 4: 15.78 – 15.85 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr5:44025895-44069717">Chr 5: 44.03 – 44.07 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14885119" class="extiw" title="d:Q14885119">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14885126" class="extiw" title="d:Q14885126">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>CD38</b> (<a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">cluster of differentiation</a> 38), also known as <b>cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein" title="Glycoprotein">glycoprotein</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid18759251_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18759251-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found on the surface of many immune cells (<a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">white blood cells</a>), including <a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a><sup>+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a><sup>+</sup>, <a href="/wiki/B_lymphocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="B lymphocyte">B lymphocytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">natural killer cells</a>. CD38 also functions in <a href="/wiki/Cell_adhesion" title="Cell adhesion">cell adhesion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signal_transduction" title="Signal transduction">signal transduction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_signaling" title="Calcium signaling">calcium signaling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the <i>CD38</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> which is located on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_4_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 4 (human)">chromosome 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid2319135_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid2319135-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid9074508_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9074508-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>CD38</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Paralog" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralog">paralog</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/BST1" title="BST1">CD157</a></i>, which is also located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23576305_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23576305-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD38 was first identified in 1980 as a surface marker (<a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">cluster of differentiation</a>) of <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">thymus cell</a> <a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">lymphocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HCLee_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCLee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid6966400_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid6966400-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992 it was additionally described as a surface marker on <a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">natural killer cells</a> (NK cells).<sup id="cite_ref-HCLee_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCLee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, CD38 was discovered to be not simply a marker of cell types, but an activator of B cells and T cells.<sup id="cite_ref-HCLee_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCLee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992 the enzymatic activity of CD38 was discovered, having the capacity to synthesize the calcium-releasing <a href="/wiki/Second_messenger_system" title="Second messenger system">second messengers</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_ADP-ribose" title="Cyclic ADP-ribose">cyclic ADP-ribose</a> (cADPR) and <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acid_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate">nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate</a> (NAADP).<sup id="cite_ref-HCLee_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCLee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tissue_distribution">Tissue distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tissue distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD38 is most frequently found on <a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell" title="Plasma cell">plasma B cells</a>, followed by natural killer cells, followed by B cells and T cells, and then followed by a variety of cell types.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29118010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29118010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD38 can function either as a receptor or as an enzyme.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30951198_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30951198-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a receptor, CD38 can attach to <a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a> on the surface of <a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cells</a>, thereby activating those cells to produce a variety of <a href="/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine">cytokines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30951198_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30951198-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 activation cooperates with TRPM2 channels to initiate physiological responses such as cell volume regulation.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22219339_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22219339-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD38 is a multifunctional <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> that catalyzes the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose" title="Adenosine diphosphate ribose">ADP ribose</a> (ADPR) (97%) and <a href="/wiki/Cyclic_ADP-ribose" title="Cyclic ADP-ribose">cyclic ADP-ribose</a> (cADPR) (3%) from <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide">NAD+</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32709019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32709019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid32480246_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32480246-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 is thought to be a major regulator of NAD+ levels, its <a href="/wiki/NAD%2B_glycohydrolase" title="NAD+ glycohydrolase">NADase</a> activity is much higher than its function as an ADP-rybosyl-cyclase: for every 100 molecules of NAD+ converted to ADP ribose it generates one molecule of cADPR.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29634344_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29634344-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid32709019_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32709019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotinic acid">nicotinic acid</a> is present under acidic conditions, CD38 can hydrolyze <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate">nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate</a> (NADP+) to <a href="/wiki/Nicotinic_acid_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate" title="Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate">NAADP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32709019_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32709019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These reaction products are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18626062_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18626062-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 occurs not only as an ectoenzyme on cell outer surfaces, but also occurs on the inner surface of cell membranes, facing the <a href="/wiki/Cytosol" title="Cytosol">cytosol</a> performing the same enzymatic functions.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31672920_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31672920-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD38 is believed to control or influence <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter">neurotransmitter</a> release in the brain by producing cADPR.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32085567_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32085567-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 within the brain enables release of the affiliative <a href="/wiki/Neuropeptide" title="Neuropeptide">neuropeptide</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32360414_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32360414-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like CD38, <a href="/wiki/BST1" title="BST1">CD157</a> is a member of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family of enzymes that <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalyze</a> the formation of cADPR from NAD+, although CD157 is a much weaker catalyst than CD38.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31881755_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31881755-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/SARM1" title="SARM1">SARM1</a> enzyme also catalyzes the formation of cADPR from NAD+,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31672920_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31672920-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but SARM1 elevates cADPR much more efficiently than CD38.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31128467_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31128467-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The loss of CD38 function is associated with impaired immune responses, metabolic disturbances, and behavioral modifications including social amnesia possibly related to autism.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18626062_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18626062-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Higashida_2012_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higashida_2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a> on <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Endothelial cell">endothelial cells</a> binds to the CD38 receptor on <a href="/wiki/Natural_killer_cell" title="Natural killer cell">natural killer cells</a> for those cells to attach to the <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32245149_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32245149-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid31963337_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31963337-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 on <a href="/wiki/Leukocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukocyte">leukocytes</a> attaching to <a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a> on endothelial cells allows for leukocyte binding to blood vessel walls, and the <a href="/wiki/Leukocyte_extravasation" title="Leukocyte extravasation">passage of leukocytes through blood vessel walls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23576305_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23576305-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cytokine <a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">interferon gamma</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gram_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram negative">Gram negative</a> bacterial cell wall component <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">lipopolysaccharide</a> induce CD38 expression on <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid31963337_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid31963337-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interferon gamma strongly induces CD38 expression on <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18626062_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18626062-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cytokine <a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor" title="Tumor necrosis factor">tumor necrosis factor</a> strongly induces CD38 on airway <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a> cells inducing cADPR-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup>, thereby increasing dysfunctional contractility resulting in <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29576747_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29576747-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The CD38 protein is a marker of cell activation. It has been connected to <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> infection, <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myeloma" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloma">myelomas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> solid tumors, <a href="/wiki/Type_II_diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Type II diabetes mellitus">type II diabetes mellitus</a> and bone metabolism, as well as some genetically determined conditions. </p><p>CD38 increases airway contractility hyperresponsiveness, is increased in the lungs of <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthmatic</a> patients, and amplifies the inflammatory response of airway smooth muscle of those patients.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32480246_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32480246-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_application">Clinical application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Clinical application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CD38 inhibitors may be used as therapeutics for the treatment of asthma.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27939939_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27939939-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CD38 has been used as a prognostic marker in <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11137554_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11137554-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daratumumab" title="Daratumumab">Daratumumab</a> (Darzalex) which targets CD38 has been used in treating <a href="/wiki/Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26729183_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26729183-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27910963_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27910963-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of Daratumumab can interfere with pre-<a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">blood transfusion</a> tests, as CD38 is weakly expressed on the surface of <a href="/wiki/Erythrocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocytes">erythrocytes</a>. Thus, a screening assay for irregular antibodies against red blood cell antigens or a direct immunoglobulin test can produce false-positive results.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29781081_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29781081-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be sidelined by either pretreatment of the <a href="/wiki/Erythrocytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrocytes">erythrocytes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dithiothreitol" title="Dithiothreitol">dithiothreitol</a> (DTT) or by using an anti-CD38 antibody neutralizing agent, e.g. DaraEx. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inhibitors">Inhibitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inhibitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassic acid">Cassic acid</a> (Rhein) <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD38-IN-78c" title="CD38-IN-78c">CD38-IN-78c</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysanthemin" title="Chrysanthemin">Chrysanthemin</a> (Kuromanin) <sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>compound 1ai <sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>compound 1am <sup id="cite_ref-pmid29576271_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29576271-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30489181_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30489181-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daratumumab" title="Daratumumab">Daratumumab</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isatuximab" title="Isatuximab">Isatuximab</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sarclisa_EPAR_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarclisa_EPAR-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felzartamab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felzartamab (page does not exist)">Felzartamab</a> (MOR202)<sup id="cite_ref-Raab2020_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raab2020-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">apigenin</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid23172919_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23172919-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteolinidin" title="Luteolinidin">Luteolinidin</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28108596_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28108596-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>MK-0159<sup id="cite_ref-pmid35762533_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid35762533-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid35704572_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid35704572-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>TNB-738<sup id="cite_ref-pmid35867844_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid35867844-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aging_studies">Aging studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aging studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A gradual increase in CD38 has been implicated in the decline of <a href="/wiki/NAD%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="NAD+">NAD+</a> with age.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment of old mice with a specific CD38 inhibitor, <a href="/wiki/CD38-IN-78c" title="CD38-IN-78c">78c</a>, prevents age-related NAD+ decline.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CD38 <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">knockout mice</a> have twice the levels of NAD+ and are resistant to age-associated NAD+ decline,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32595066_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32595066-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with dramatically increased NAD+ levels in major organs (liver, muscle, brain, and heart).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32594513_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32594513-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, mice <a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">overexpressing</a> CD38 exhibit reduced NAD+ and <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_disease" title="Mitochondrial disease">mitochondrial dysfunction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32595066_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32595066-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">Macrophages</a> are believed to be primarily responsible for the age-related increase in CD38 expression and NAD+ decline.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32774895_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32774895-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_senescence" title="Cellular senescence">Cellular senescence</a> of macrophages increases CD38 expression.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32774895_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32774895-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macrophages accumulate in <a href="/wiki/Visceral_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Visceral fat">visceral fat</a> and other tissues with age, leading to chronic <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28721272_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28721272-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factor</a> <a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a> and CD38 are mutually activating.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32774895_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32774895-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Senescence-associated_secretory_phenotype" title="Senescence-associated secretory phenotype">Secretions</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cellular_senescence" title="Cellular senescence">senescent cells</a> induce high levels of expression of CD38 on macrophages, which becomes the major cause of NAD+ depletion with age.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33199924_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33199924-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Decline of NAD+ in the brain with age may be due to increased CD38 on <a href="/wiki/Astrocyte" title="Astrocyte">astrocytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microglia" title="Microglia">microglia</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Neuroinflammation" title="Neuroinflammation">neuroinflammation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neurodegeneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurodegeneration">neurodegeneration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32085567_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32085567-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist 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href="#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000029084">GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029084</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ensembl_genome_database_project" title="Ensembl genome database project">Ensembl</a>, May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=952">"Human PubMed Reference:"</a>. <i>National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. 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</ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatesWalsethLee1992" class="citation journal cs1">States DJ, Walseth TF, Lee HC (December 1992). "Similarities in amino acid sequences of Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase and human lymphocyte antigen CD38". <i>Trends in Biochemical Sciences</i>. <b>17</b> (12): 495. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0968-0004%2892%2990337-9">10.1016/0968-0004(92)90337-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1471258">1471258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biochemical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Similarities+in+amino+acid+sequences+of+Aplysia+ADP-ribosyl+cyclase+and+human+lymphocyte+antigen+CD38&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=495&rft.date=1992-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0968-0004%2892%2990337-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1471258&rft.aulast=States&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Walseth%2C+TF&rft.au=Lee%2C+HC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalavasiFunaroRoggeroHorenstein1994" class="citation journal cs1">Malavasi F, Funaro A, Roggero S, Horenstein A, Calosso L, Mehta K (March 1994). "Human CD38: a glycoprotein in search of a function". <i>Immunology Today</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 95–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0167-5699%2894%2990148-1">10.1016/0167-5699(94)90148-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8172650">8172650</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Immunology+Today&rft.atitle=Human+CD38%3A+a+glycoprotein+in+search+of+a+function&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=95-7&rft.date=1994-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0167-5699%2894%2990148-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8172650&rft.aulast=Malavasi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Funaro%2C+A&rft.au=Roggero%2C+S&rft.au=Horenstein%2C+A&rft.au=Calosso%2C+L&rft.au=Mehta%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuse1999" class="citation journal cs1">Guse AH (May 1999). "Cyclic ADP-ribose: a novel Ca2+-mobilising second messenger". <i>Cellular Signalling</i>. <b>11</b> (5): 309–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0898-6568%2899%2900004-2">10.1016/S0898-6568(99)00004-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10376802">10376802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+Signalling&rft.atitle=Cyclic+ADP-ribose%3A+a+novel+Ca2%2B-mobilising+second+messenger&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=309-16&rft.date=1999-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0898-6568%2899%2900004-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10376802&rft.aulast=Guse&rft.aufirst=AH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunaroMalavasi1999" class="citation journal cs1">Funaro A, Malavasi F (1999). "Human CD38, a surface receptor, an enzyme, an adhesion molecule and not a simple marker". <i>Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 54–61. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10432444">10432444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Regulators+and+Homeostatic+Agents&rft.atitle=Human+CD38%2C+a+surface+receptor%2C+an+enzyme%2C+an+adhesion+molecule+and+not+a+simple+marker&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-61&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10432444&rft.aulast=Funaro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Malavasi%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallonePerin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Mallone R, Perin PC (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763400">"Anti-CD38 autoantibodies in type? diabetes"</a>. <i>Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 284–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fdmrr.626">10.1002/dmrr.626</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763400">2763400</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16544364">16544364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes%2FMetabolism+Research+and+Reviews&rft.atitle=Anti-CD38+autoantibodies+in+type%3F+diabetes&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=284-94&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2763400%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16544364&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fdmrr.626&rft.aulast=Mallone&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Perin%2C+PC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2763400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartidá-SánchezRivero-NavaShiLund2007" class="citation book cs1">Partidá-Sánchez S, Rivero-Nava L, Shi G, Lund FE (2007). "CD38: an ecto-enzyme at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immune responses". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780387348131/page/171"><i>Crossroads between Innate and Adaptive Immunity</i></a></span>. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetologia&rft.atitle=A+missense+mutation+in+the+CD38+gene%2C+a+novel+factor+for+insulin+secretion%3A+association+with+Type+II+diabetes+mellitus+in+Japanese+subjects+and+evidence+of+abnormal+function+when+expressed+in+vitro&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1024-8&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs001250051026&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9754820&rft.aulast=Yagui&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Shimada%2C+F&rft.au=Mimura%2C+M&rft.au=Hashimoto%2C+N&rft.au=Suzuki%2C+Y&rft.au=Tokuyama%2C+Y&rft.au=Nata%2C+K&rft.au=Tohgo%2C+A&rft.au=Ikehata%2C+F&rft.au=Takasawa%2C+S&rft.au=Okamoto%2C+H&rft.au=Makino%2C+H&rft.au=Saito%2C+Y&rft.au=Kanatsuka%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs001250051026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACD38" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CD38&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=CD38+Antigens">CD38+Antigens</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li>Human <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&singleSearch=knownCanonical&position=CD38"><i>CD38</i></a> genome location and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGene?db=hg38&hgg_type=knownGene&hgg_gene=CD38"><i>CD38</i></a> gene details page in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a>.</li> <li>GeneCard CD38 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD38">[1]</a></li> <li>Overview of all the structural information available in the <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> for <a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/pdbe-kb/proteins/P28907">P28907</a></i> (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1) at the <a href="/wiki/PDBe-KB" title="PDBe-KB">PDBe-KB</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.longevitywiki.org/wiki/CD38">CD38</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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structure of human CD38 extracellular domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PDB_1yh3_EBI.png/180px-PDB_1yh3_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PDB_1yh3_EBI.png/270px-PDB_1yh3_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/PDB_1yh3_EBI.png/360px-PDB_1yh3_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1yh3</b>: Crystal structure of human CD38 extracellular domain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1zvm_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1zvm: Crystal structure of human CD38: cyclic-ADP-ribosyl synthetase/NAD+ glycohydrolase"><img alt="1zvm: Crystal structure of human CD38: cyclic-ADP-ribosyl synthetase/NAD+ glycohydrolase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PDB_1zvm_EBI.png/180px-PDB_1zvm_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PDB_1zvm_EBI.png/270px-PDB_1zvm_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PDB_1zvm_EBI.png/360px-PDB_1zvm_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1zvm</b>: Crystal structure of human CD38: cyclic-ADP-ribosyl synthetase/NAD+ glycohydrolase</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2ef1_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2ef1: Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human CD38"><img alt="2ef1: Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/PDB_2ef1_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2ef1_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/PDB_2ef1_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2ef1_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/PDB_2ef1_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2ef1_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2ef1</b>: Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2hct_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2hct: Acidic residues at the active sites of CD38 and ADP-ribosyl cyclase determine NAAPD synthesis and hydrolysis activities"><img alt="2hct: Acidic residues at the active sites of CD38 and ADP-ribosyl cyclase determine NAAPD synthesis and hydrolysis activities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_2hct_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2hct_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_2hct_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2hct_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PDB_2hct_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2hct_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2hct</b>: Acidic residues at the active sites of CD38 and ADP-ribosyl cyclase determine NAAPD synthesis and hydrolysis activities</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2i65_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2i65: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis"><img alt="2i65: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2i65_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2i65_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2i65_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2i65_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/PDB_2i65_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2i65_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2i65</b>: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2i66_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2i66: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis"><img alt="2i66: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PDB_2i66_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2i66_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PDB_2i66_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2i66_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PDB_2i66_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2i66_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2i66</b>: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2i67_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2i67: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis"><img alt="2i67: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PDB_2i67_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2i67_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PDB_2i67_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2i67_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/PDB_2i67_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2i67_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2i67</b>: Structural Basis for the Mechanistic Understanding Human CD38 Controlled Multiple Catalysis</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2o3q_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2o3q: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38"><img alt="2o3q: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PDB_2o3q_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2o3q_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PDB_2o3q_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2o3q_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/PDB_2o3q_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2o3q_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2o3q</b>: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2o3r_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2o3r: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38"><img alt="2o3r: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PDB_2o3r_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2o3r_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PDB_2o3r_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2o3r_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PDB_2o3r_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2o3r_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2o3r</b>: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2o3s_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2o3s: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38"><img alt="2o3s: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PDB_2o3s_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2o3s_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PDB_2o3s_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2o3s_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/PDB_2o3s_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2o3s_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2o3s</b>: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2o3t_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2o3t: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38"><img alt="2o3t: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PDB_2o3t_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2o3t_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PDB_2o3t_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2o3t_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/PDB_2o3t_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2o3t_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2o3t</b>: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2o3u_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2o3u: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38"><img alt="2o3u: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_2o3u_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2o3u_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_2o3u_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2o3u_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/PDB_2o3u_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2o3u_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2o3u</b>: Structural Basis for Formation and Hydrolysis of Calcium Messenger Cyclic ADP-ribose by Human CD38</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2pgj_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2pgj: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human cd38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog"><img alt="2pgj: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human cd38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PDB_2pgj_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2pgj_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PDB_2pgj_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2pgj_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/PDB_2pgj_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2pgj_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2pgj</b>: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human cd38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_2pgl_EBI.png" class="mw-file-description" title="2pgl: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human CD38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog"><img alt="2pgl: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human CD38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PDB_2pgl_EBI.png/180px-PDB_2pgl_EBI.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PDB_2pgl_EBI.png/270px-PDB_2pgl_EBI.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/PDB_2pgl_EBI.png/360px-PDB_2pgl_EBI.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>2pgl</b>: Catalysis associated conformational changes revealed by human CD38 complexed with a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Template talk:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters of differentiation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Proteins:_clusters_of_differentiation_(see_also_list_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">clusters of differentiation</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/List_of_human_clusters_of_differentiation" title="List of human clusters of differentiation">list of human clusters of differentiation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">1–50</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD1" title="CD1">CD1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_1_CD1" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 1 CD1">a-c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1A" title="CD1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1b" title="CD1b">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1D" title="CD1D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD1E" title="CD1E">1E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD2" title="CD2">CD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD3G" title="CD3G">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3D" title="CD3D">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD3E" class="mw-redirect" title="CD3E">ε</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD5_(protein)" title="CD5 (protein)">CD5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD6" title="CD6">CD6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD7" title="CD7">CD7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD8A" title="CD8A">a</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD9" title="CD9">CD9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">CD10</a></li> <li><i>CD11</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD11a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M" title="Integrin alpha M">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAD">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD15" class="mw-redirect" title="CD15">CD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">CD16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3A" title="FCGR3A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR3B" title="FCGR3B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD19" title="CD19">CD19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD22" title="CD22">CD22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD24" title="CD24">CD24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RA" title="IL2RA">CD25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4">CD26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD28" title="CD28">CD28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrin_beta_1" title="Integrin beta 1">CD29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD30" title="CD30">CD30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD32" title="CD32">CD32</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2A" title="FCGR2A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR2B" title="FCGR2B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_1" title="Complement receptor 1">CD35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD37" title="CD37">CD37</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENTPD1" title="ENTPD1">CD39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA2B">CD41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_Ib" title="Glycoprotein Ib">CD42</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IX" title="Glycoprotein IX">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BA" title="GP1BA">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BB" title="GP1BB">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP5_(gene)" title="GP5 (gene)">d</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD43" title="CD43">CD43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD44" title="CD44">CD44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRC" title="PTPRC">CD45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD46" title="CD46">CD46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD47" title="CD47">CD47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD48" title="CD48">CD48</a></li> <li><i>CD49</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD49a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49a">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49b" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49b">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD49d" class="mw-redirect" title="CD49d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA5" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGA6" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA6">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM3" title="ICAM3">CD50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">51–100</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITGAV" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGAV">CD51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD52" title="CD52">CD52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD53" title="CD53">CD53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM-1" title="ICAM-1">CD54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor" title="Decay-accelerating factor">CD55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Neural cell adhesion molecule">CD56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3GAT1" title="B3GAT1">CD57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD58" title="CD58">CD58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD59" title="CD59">CD59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">CD61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectin" title="Selectin">CD62</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-selectin" title="E-selectin">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin" title="P-selectin">P</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD63" title="CD63">CD63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">CD64</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1A" title="FCGR1A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1B" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCGR1C" class="mw-redirect" title="FCGR1C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoembryonic_antigen" title="Carcinoembryonic antigen">CD66</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM1" title="CEACAM1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM8" title="CEACAM8">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM6" title="CEACAM6">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM3" title="CEACAM3">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEACAM5" title="CEACAM5">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSG1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="PSG1 (gene)">f</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD69" title="CD69">CD69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD70" title="CD70">CD70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFRC" class="mw-redirect" title="TFRC">CD71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD72" title="CD72">CD72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NT5E" title="NT5E">CD73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD74" title="CD74">CD74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD78" title="CD78">CD78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79" title="CD79">CD79</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79B" title="CD79B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD80" title="CD80">CD80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD81" title="CD81">CD81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD82_(gene)" title="CD82 (gene)">CD82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD83" title="CD83">CD83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD84" title="CD84">CD84</a></li> <li><i>CD85</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LILRB3" title="LILRB3">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB2" title="LILRB2">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA3" title="LILRA3">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRA2" title="LILRA2">h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB1" title="LILRB1">j</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LILRB4" title="LILRB4">k</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD86" title="CD86">CD86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase_receptor" title="Urokinase receptor">CD87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C5a_receptor" title="C5a receptor">CD88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCAR" title="FCAR">CD89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD90" title="CD90">CD90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">CD91</a> - <a href="/wiki/SLC44A1" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC44A1">CD92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD93" title="CD93">CD93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRD1" title="KLRD1">CD94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_receptor" title="Fas receptor">CD95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD96" title="CD96">CD96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD97" title="CD97">CD97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD98" title="CD98">CD98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD99" title="CD99">CD99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA4D" title="SEMA4D">CD100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">101–150</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IGSF2" title="IGSF2">CD101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICAM2" title="ICAM2">CD102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGAE" title="ITGAE">CD103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITGB4" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGB4">CD104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoglin" title="Endoglin">CD105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCAM-1" title="VCAM-1">CD106</a></li> <li><i>CD107</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAMP1" title="LAMP1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP2" title="LAMP2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEMA7A" title="SEMA7A">CD108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD109" title="CD109">CD109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myeloproliferative_leukemia_virus_oncogene" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene">CD110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL1" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL1">CD111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL2" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL2">CD112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PVRL3" class="mw-redirect" title="PVRL3">CD113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor" title="Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor">CD115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">CD116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIT_(gene)" title="KIT (gene)">CD117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor_receptor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor">CD118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_receptor_1" title="Interferon gamma receptor 1">CD119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD120" title="CD120">CD120</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1A">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF1B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF1B">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>CD121</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_I" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type I">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor,_type_II" title="Interleukin 1 receptor, type II">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL2RB" title="IL2RB">CD122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL3RA" title="IL3RA">CD123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-4_receptor" title="Interleukin-4 receptor">CD124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5_receptor_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit">CD125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">CD126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">CD127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-9_receptor" title="Interleukin-9 receptor">CD129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_130" title="Glycoprotein 130">CD130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSF2RB" title="CSF2RB">CD131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_gamma_chain" title="Common gamma chain">CD132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD133" title="CD133">CD133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD134" title="CD134">CD134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD135" title="CD135">CD135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MST1R" title="MST1R">CD136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD137" title="CD137">CD137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndecan_1" title="Syndecan 1">CD138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDGFRB" title="PDGFRB">CD140b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombomodulin" title="Thrombomodulin">CD141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_factor" title="Tissue factor">CD142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme" title="Angiotensin-converting enzyme">CD143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VE-cadherin" title="VE-cadherin">CD144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD146" title="CD146">CD146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basigin" title="Basigin">CD147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTPRJ" title="PTPRJ">CD148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLAMF1" title="SLAMF1">CD150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">151–200</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD151" title="CD151">CD151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTLA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA-4">CD152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD153" title="CD153">CD153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD155" title="CD155">CD155</a></li> <li><i>CD156</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAM8" title="ADAM8">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM17" title="ADAM17">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADAM10" title="ADAM10">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BST1" title="BST1">CD157</a></li> <li><i>CD158</i> (<a href="/wiki/KIR2DL1" title="KIR2DL1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DL4" title="KIR2DL4">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL1" title="KIR3DL1">e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR2DS4" title="KIR2DS4">i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KIR3DL2" title="KIR3DL2">k</a>)</li> <li><i>CD159</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NKG2" title="NKG2">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRC2" title="KLRC2">c</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD160" title="CD160">CD160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLRB1" title="KLRB1">CD161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-selectin_glycoprotein_ligand-1" title="P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1">CD162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD163" title="CD163">CD163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD164" title="CD164">CD164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALCAM" title="ALCAM">CD166</a></li> <li><i>CD167</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DDR1" title="DDR1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoidin_domain-containing_receptor_2" title="Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaluronan-mediated_motility_receptor" title="Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor">CD168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sialoadhesin" title="Sialoadhesin">CD169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC5" title="SIGLEC5">CD170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L1_(protein)" title="L1 (protein)">CD171</a></li> <li><i>CD172</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signal-regulatory_protein_alpha" title="Signal-regulatory protein alpha">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPB1" title="SIRPB1">b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIRPG" title="SIRPG">g</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fucosyltransferase_3" title="Fucosyltransferase 3">CD174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD177" title="CD177">CD177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fas_ligand" title="Fas ligand">CD178</a></li> <li><i>CD179</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPREB1" title="VPREB1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGLL1" title="IGLL1">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD180" title="CD180">CD180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha">CD181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_beta" title="Interleukin 8 receptor, beta">CD182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR3" title="CXCR3">CD183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR4" title="CXCR4">CD184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR5" title="CXCR5">CD185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CXCR6" title="CXCR6">CD186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR1" title="CCR1">CD191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR2" title="CCR2">CD192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR3_(gene)" title="CCR3 (gene)">CD193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR4" title="CCR4">CD194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR5" title="CCR5">CD195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 6">CD196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_7" title="C-C chemokine receptor type 7">CD197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR8_(gene)" title="CCR8 (gene)">CDw198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCR9" title="CCR9">CDw199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD200" title="CD200">CD200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">201–250</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endothelial_protein_C_receptor" title="Endothelial protein C receptor">CD201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEK_tyrosine_kinase" title="TEK tyrosine kinase">CD202b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSR1" title="MSR1">CD204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY75" class="mw-redirect" title="LY75">CD205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD207" class="mw-redirect" title="CD207">CD207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAMP3" title="LAMP3">CD208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC-SIGN" title="DC-SIGN">CD209</a></li> <li><i>CDw210</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_alpha_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_10_receptor,_beta_subunit" title="Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12_receptor,_beta_1_subunit" title="Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit">CD212</a></li> <li><i>CD213a</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA1" class="mw-redirect" title="IL13RA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL13RA2" title="IL13RA2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL17RA" title="IL17RA">CD217</a></li> <li><i>CD218</i> (<a href="/wiki/IL18R1" title="IL18R1">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IL18RAP" title="IL18RAP">b</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin_receptor" title="Insulin receptor">CD220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_1_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor">CD221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2_receptor" title="Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor">CD222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAG3" class="mw-redirect" title="LAG3">CD223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GGT1" class="mw-redirect" title="GGT1">CD224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFITM1" title="IFITM1">CD225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD226" title="CD226">CD226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUC1" class="mw-redirect" title="MUC1">CD227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MFI2" class="mw-redirect" title="MFI2">CD228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY9" title="LY9">CD229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRNP" class="mw-redirect" title="PRNP">CD230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Band 3">CD233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system" title="Duffy antigen system">CD234</a></li> <li><i>CD235</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GYPA" class="mw-redirect" title="GYPA">a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GYPB" title="GYPB">b</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycophorin_C" title="Glycophorin C">CD236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kell_antigen_system" title="Kell antigen system">CD238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Basal cell adhesion molecule">CD239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHCE_(gene)" title="RHCE (gene)">CD240CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHD_(gene)" title="RHD (gene)">CD240D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RHAG" title="RHAG">CD241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-glycoprotein" title="P-glycoprotein">CD243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD244" title="CD244">CD244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaplastic_lymphoma_kinase" title="Anaplastic lymphoma kinase">CD246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD247" class="mw-redirect" title="CD247">CD247</a> - <a href="/wiki/CD248" title="CD248">CD248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamyl_aminopeptidase" title="Glutamyl aminopeptidase">CD249</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">251–300</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OX40L" class="mw-redirect" title="OX40L"> CD252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAIL" title="TRAIL">CD253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANKL" title="RANKL">CD254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF13" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF13">CD256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">CD257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFSF14" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFSF14">CD258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10A" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10A">CD261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10B">CD262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10C">CD263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF10D" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF10D">CD264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RANK" title="RANK">CD265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF12A" title="TNFRSF12A">CD266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13B" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13B">CD267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF13C" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF13C">CD268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF17" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF17">CD269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-affinity_nerve_growth_factor_receptor" title="Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor">CD271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTLA" title="BTLA">CD272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDCD1LG2" title="PDCD1LG2">CD273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD274" class="mw-redirect" title="CD274">CD274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICOSLG" title="ICOSLG">CD275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD276" title="CD276">CD276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD278" title="CD278">CD278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death_protein_1" title="Programmed cell death protein 1">CD279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose_receptor" title="Mannose receptor">CD280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR_1" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR 1">CD281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR2" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR2">CD282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR3" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR3">CD283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR4" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR4">CD284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR6" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR6">CD286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR8" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR8">CD288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR9" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR9">CD289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLR10" class="mw-redirect" title="TLR10">CD290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1A" title="BMPR1A">CD292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMPR1B" title="BMPR1B">CDw293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD294" class="mw-redirect" title="CD294">CD294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptin_receptor" title="Leptin receptor">CD295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ART4" title="ART4">CD297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATP1B3" title="ATP1B3">CD298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4M" title="CLEC4M">CD299</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">301–350</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD300A" title="CD300A">CD300A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC10A" title="CLEC10A">CD301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD302" title="CD302">CD302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLEC4C" title="CLEC4C">CD303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropilin" title="Neuropilin">CD304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR1" title="LAIR1">CD305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAIR2" title="LAIR2">CD306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCRL5" title="FCRL5">CD307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinase_insert_domain_receptor" title="Kinase insert domain receptor">CD309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMR2" title="EMR2">CD312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKG2D" title="NKG2D">CD314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTGFRN" title="PTGFRN">CD315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGSF8" title="IGSF8">CD316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetherin" title="Tetherin">CD317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDCP1" title="CDCP1">CD318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD320" title="CD320">CD320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F11_receptor" title="F11 receptor">CD321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAM2" title="JAM2">CD322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH1_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH1 (gene)">CD324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDH2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDH2">CD325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epithelial_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Epithelial cell adhesion molecule">CD326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC6" title="SIGLEC6">CD327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC7" title="SIGLEC7">CD328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGLEC9" title="SIGLEC9">CD329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1">CD331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_2" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2">CD332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_3" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3">CD333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_4" title="Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4">CD334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR1" title="NCR1">CD335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR2" title="NCR2">CD336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCR3" title="NCR3">CD337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABCG2" title="ABCG2">CD338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JAG1" title="JAG1">CD339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HER2/neu" class="mw-redirect" title="HER2/neu">CD340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD4" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD4">CD344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD9" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD9">CD349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FZD10" class="mw-redirect" title="FZD10">CD350</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cluster_of_differentiation_by_lineage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Template:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Template talk:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters_of_differentiation_by_lineage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clusters of differentiation by lineage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cluster_of_differentiation_by_lineage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cluster_of_differentiation" title="Cluster of differentiation">Cluster of differentiation</a> by lineage</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte" title="Lymphocyte">Lymphoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-B_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-B cell">Pre-B cell</a>: <a href="/wiki/Neprilysin" title="Neprilysin">CD10/CALLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD79A" title="CD79A">CD79A</a></li></ul> <ul><li>mature: <a href="/wiki/CD19" title="CD19">CD19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_receptor_2" title="Complement receptor 2">CD21/CR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23/FcεRII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-7_receptor" title="Interleukin-7 receptor">CD127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_cell" title="Plasma cell">plasma cell</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CD38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndecan_1" title="Syndecan 1">CD138</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">T/NK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-T_antigens" title="Pan-T antigens">Pan-T antigens</a>: <a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD7" title="CD7">CD7</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD1" title="CD1">CD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD8" title="CD8">CD8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4" title="Dipeptidyl peptidase-4">CD26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD27" title="CD27">CD27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD28" title="CD28">CD28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/NK_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="NK cell">NK cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD16" title="CD16">CD16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule" title="Neural cell adhesion molecule">CD56/NCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD57" class="mw-redirect" title="CD57">CD57</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD2" title="CD2">CD2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD5_(protein)" title="CD5 (protein)">CD5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Myeloid" class="mw-redirect" title="Myeloid">Myeloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-GM" title="CFU-GM">CFU-GM</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Myelomonocyte" title="Myelomonocyte">Myelomonocyte</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD11c" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11c">CD11c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD14" title="CD14">CD14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD15" class="mw-redirect" title="CD15">CD15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD31" title="CD31">CD31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD64_(biology)" title="CD64 (biology)">CD64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD68" title="CD68">CD68</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Megakaryocyte-erythroid_progenitor_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell">MEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-Meg" title="CFU-Meg">CFU-Meg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD42" class="mw-redirect" title="CD42">CD42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD41" class="mw-redirect" title="CD41">CD41</a>/<a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">CD61</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/CFU-E" title="CFU-E">CFU-E</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD36" title="CD36">CD36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD71" class="mw-redirect" title="CD71">CD71</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite">All (pan-myeloid)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alanine_aminopeptidase" title="Alanine aminopeptidase">CD13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD33" title="CD33">CD33</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: AntiqueWhite"><a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell" title="Hematopoietic stem cell">Stem cell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CD34" title="CD34">CD34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CD38&oldid=1251265352">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CD38&oldid=1251265352</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Genes_on_human_chromosome_4" title="Category:Genes on human chromosome 4">Genes on human chromosome 4</a></li><li><a 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