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data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="112318359" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112318359/Immunization_Strategies_Based_on_the_Overlapping_Nodes_in_Networks_with_Community_Structure">Immunization Strategies Based on the Overlapping Nodes in Networks with Community Structure</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="621317" href="https://u-bourgogne.academia.edu/hocinecherifi">Hocine Cherifi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Computational Social Networks, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immunization Strategies Based on the Overlapping Nodes in Networks with Community 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class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91338358/Reactive_immunization_on_complex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="78578909" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78578909/An_Efficient_Immunization_Strategy_Using_Overlapping_Nodes_and_Its_Neighborhoods">An Efficient Immunization Strategy Using Overlapping Nodes and Its Neighborhoods</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="621317" href="https://u-bourgogne.academia.edu/hocinecherifi">Hocine Cherifi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Companion of the The Web Conference 2018 on The Web Conference 2018 - WWW '18, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Efficient Immunization Strategy Using Overlapping Nodes and Its Neighborhoods","attachmentId":85578281,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78578909/An_Efficient_Immunization_Strategy_Using_Overlapping_Nodes_and_Its_Neighborhoods","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78578909/An_Efficient_Immunization_Strategy_Using_Overlapping_Nodes_and_Its_Neighborhoods"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="32495855" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32495855/Influence_of_vaccination_strategies_and_topology_on_the_herd_immunity_of_complex_networks">Influence of vaccination strategies and topology on the herd immunity of complex networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="84035" href="https://sydney.academia.edu/MahendraPiraveenan">Mahendra Piraveenan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It is well known that non-vaccinated individuals may be protected from contacting a disease by vaccinated individuals in a social network through community protection (herd immunity). Such protection greatly depends on the underlying topology of the social network, the strategy used in selecting individuals for vaccination, and the interplay between these. In this paper, we analyse how the interplay between topology and immunization strategies influences the herd immunity of social networks. First, we introduce an area under curve measure which can quantify the levels of herd immunity in a social network. Then, using this measure, we analyse the above mentioned interplay in three ways: (1) by comparing vaccination strategies across topologies, (2) by analysing the influence of selected topological metrics, and (3) by considering the influence of network growth on herd immunity. For qualitative comparison, we consider three classical topologies (scale-free, random, and small-world) and three vaccination strategies (natural, random, and betweenness-based immunization). We show that betweenness-based vaccination is the best strategy of immunization in static networks , regardless of topology, but its prominence over other strategies diminishes in dynamically growing topologies. We find that the network features that lead to 'small-worldness' in networks (low diameter and high clustering) discourage herd immunity, regardless of the vaccination strategy, while preferential mixing (high as-sortativity) encourages it. In terms of growth, we demonstrate that herd immunity of random networks actually increases with growth, if the proportion of survivors to a secondary infection is considered, while the community protection in scale-free and small-world networks decreases with growth. Our work highlights the complex balance between social network structure and vaccination strategies in influencing community protection, and contributes a numerical measure to quantify this. Keywords Complex systems Á Structures and organization in complex systems Á Systems obeying scaling laws Á Graph theory Á Networks and genealogical trees</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Influence of vaccination strategies and topology on the herd immunity of complex networks","attachmentId":52681954,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32495855/Influence_of_vaccination_strategies_and_topology_on_the_herd_immunity_of_complex_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32495855/Influence_of_vaccination_strategies_and_topology_on_the_herd_immunity_of_complex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="118041862" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118041862/A_comparison_of_node_vaccination_strategies_to_halt_SIR_epidemic_spreading_in_real_world_complex_networks">A comparison of node vaccination strategies to halt SIR epidemic spreading in real-world complex networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34786075" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavideCassi">Davide Cassi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We compared seven node vaccination strategies in twelve real-world complex networks. The node vaccination strategies are modeled as node removal on networks. We performed node vaccination strategies both removing nodes according to the initial network structure, i.e., non-adaptive approach, and performing partial node rank recalculation after node removal, i.e., semi-adaptive approach. To quantify the efficacy of each vaccination strategy, we used three epidemic spread indicators: the size of the largest connected component, the total number of infected at the end of the epidemic, and the maximum number of simultaneously infected individuals. We show that the best vaccination strategies in the non-adaptive and semi-adaptive approaches are different and that the best strategy also depends on the number of available vaccines. Furthermore, a partial recalculation of the node centrality increases the efficacy of the vaccination strategies up to 80%.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A comparison of node vaccination strategies to halt SIR epidemic spreading in real-world complex networks","attachmentId":113759551,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118041862/A_comparison_of_node_vaccination_strategies_to_halt_SIR_epidemic_spreading_in_real_world_complex_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118041862/A_comparison_of_node_vaccination_strategies_to_halt_SIR_epidemic_spreading_in_real_world_complex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="120877803" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120877803/Global_efficiency_of_local_immunization_on_complex_networks">Global efficiency of local immunization on complex networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="143525165" href="https://ulaval.academia.edu/LouisJDub%C3%A9">Louis J. Dubé</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific reports, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Epidemics occur in all shapes and forms: infections propagating in our sparse sexual networks, rumours and diseases spreading through our much denser social interactions, or viruses circulating on the Internet. With the advent of large databases and efficient analysis algorithms, these processes can be better predicted and controlled. In this study, we use different characteristics of network organization to identify the influential spreaders in 17 empirical networks of diverse nature using 2 epidemic models. We find that a judicious choice of local measures, based either on the network&#39;s connectivity at a microscopic scale or on its community structure at a mesoscopic scale, compares favorably to global measures, such as betweenness centrality, in terms of efficiency, practicality and robustness. We also develop an analytical framework that highlights a transition in the characteristic scale of different epidemic regimes. This allows to decide which local measure should govern ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global efficiency of local immunization on complex networks","attachmentId":115891482,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120877803/Global_efficiency_of_local_immunization_on_complex_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120877803/Global_efficiency_of_local_immunization_on_complex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="20480051" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks">Immunization strategy for epidemic spreading on multilayer networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20504163" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LidiaBraunstein">Lidia Braunstein</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immunization strategy for epidemic spreading on multilayer networks","attachmentId":41395900,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20480051/Immunization_strategy_for_epidemic_spreading_on_multilayer_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="48380378" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48380378/Effective_approach_to_epidemic_containment_using_link_equations_in_complex_networks">Effective approach to epidemic containment using link equations in complex networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="166662553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sergiovaldesgomez">sergio valdes gomez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Science Advances</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Epidemic containment is a major concern when confronting large-scale infections in complex networks. Many studies have been devoted to analytically understand how to restructure the network to minimize the impact of major outbreaks of infections at large scale. In many cases, the strategies are based on isolating certain nodes, while less attention has been paid to interventions on the links. In epidemic spreading, links inform about the probability of carrying the contagion of the disease from infected to susceptible individuals. Note that these states depend on the full structure of the network, and its determination is not straightforward from the knowledge of nodes’ states. Here, we confront this challenge and propose a set of discrete-time governing equations that can be closed and analyzed, assessing the contribution of links to spreading processes in complex networks. Our approach allows a scheme for the containment of epidemics based on deactivating the most important links ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effective approach to epidemic containment using link equations in complex networks","attachmentId":67023313,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48380378/Effective_approach_to_epidemic_containment_using_link_equations_in_complex_networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48380378/Effective_approach_to_epidemic_containment_using_link_equations_in_complex_networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="28986224" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28986224/Immunization_against_Infection_Propagation_in_Heterogeneous_Networks">Immunization against Infection Propagation in Heterogeneous Networks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54466675" href="https://fordham.academia.edu/SajalBhatia">Sajal Bhatia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immunization against Infection Propagation in Heterogeneous Networks","attachmentId":49431336,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28986224/Immunization_against_Infection_Propagation_in_Heterogeneous_Networks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28986224/Immunization_against_Infection_Propagation_in_Heterogeneous_Networks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="65644448" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65644448/On_the_Effect_of_Complex_Network_Topology_in_Managing_Epidemic_Outbreaks">On the Effect of Complex Network Topology in Managing Epidemic Outbreaks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4368914" href="https://lp.academia.edu/DmytroDosyn">Dmytro Dosyn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper investigates the effect of the structure of the contact network on the dynamics of the epidemic outbreak. In particular, we focus on the peak number of critically infected nodes (PCIN), determining the maximum workload of intensive healthcare units that should be kept low when managing an epidemic. As a realistic model and simulation method, we developed a continuous-time Markov chain model, and an open-source available efficient simulation software based on Gillespie&#39;s Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA). Virus propagation is compared on random graph models featuring a selected range of complex network topologies: Erdős-Rényi, Watts-Strogatz, Barabási-Albert and complete graph (Clique). Continuous-time Markov chains are used to simulate the infection process. The simulation was performed in networks with 200 nodes and different numbers of edges. In addition, we study age- and gender-determined and weighted characteristics of nodes on the PCIN as well as the correla...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Effect of Complex Network Topology in Managing Epidemic Outbreaks","attachmentId":77150884,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65644448/On_the_Effect_of_Complex_Network_Topology_in_Managing_Epidemic_Outbreaks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65644448/On_the_Effect_of_Complex_Network_Topology_in_Managing_Epidemic_Outbreaks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":68475052,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":68475052,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_68475052" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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