CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Comparative Study Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="TSbPQZf3crFrWOe0snWVwCks0EXS2mMut9l9Se5U89ifmiB71jfzbNdLMyK72VAwu9d3DHvMP-6ccEpbV-uEXA" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?after=50%2C66904300" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Comparative Study Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1363409c2f6920b9f6129801bf9c25a45dc9d4a3'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14023,"monthly_visitors":"102 million","monthly_visitor_count":102584291,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":102,"user_count":283367961,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740152212000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740152212000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-b42d48e01e9cb3bf5ae55ea154ab7133fe47240c1d7c59b0249065c67d6f65ab.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f3fdf92d2e211a3fd7a717a75adb7bf4af30f5d7651964d9f223129f218112cd.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Comparative Study</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">30,112 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Comparative Study</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Comparative_Study">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11180030" data-work_id="11180030" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11180030/Non_invasive_vaccine_delivery_in_transfersomes_niosomes_and_liposomes_a_comparative_study">Non-invasive vaccine delivery in transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes: a comparative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Non-invasive vaccine delivery is a top priority for public health agencies because conventional immunization practices are unsafe and associated with numerous limitations. Recently, the skin has emerged as a potential alternative route... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11180030" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-invasive vaccine delivery is a top priority for public health agencies because conventional immunization practices are unsafe and associated with numerous limitations. Recently, the skin has emerged as a potential alternative route for non-invasive delivery of vaccine. Topical immunization (TI), introduction of antigen through topical application onto the intact skin, has many practical merits compared to injectable routes of administration. One of the possibilities for increasing the penetration of bioactives through the skin is the use of vesicular systems. Specially designed lipid vesicles are attracting intense attention and can be used for non-invasive antigen delivery. In the present study, elastic vesicle transfersomes, non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) and liposomes were used to study their relative potential in non-invasive delivery of tetanus toxoid (TT). Transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes were prepared and characterized for shape, size and entrapment efficiency. These vesicles were extruded through polycarbonate filter (50-nm pore size) to assess the elasticity of the vesicles. The immune stimulating activity of transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes were studied by measuring the serum anti-TT IgG titre following topical immunization. The immune response elicited by topical immunization was compared with that elicited by same dose of alum-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (AATT) given intramuscularly. The results indicate that optimal formulations of transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes could entrap 72.7 ± 3.4, 42.5 ± 2.4 and 41.3 ± 2.2% of antigen and their elasticity values were 124.4 ± 4.2, 29.3 ± 2.4 and 21.7 ± 1.9, respectively. In vivo study revealed that topically given TT containing transfersomes, after secondary immunization, could elicit immune response (anti-TT-IgG) that was equivalent to one that produced following intramuscularly alum-adsorbed TT-based immunization. In comparison to transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes elicited weaker immune response. Thus transfersomes hold promise for effective non-invasive topical delivery of antigen(s).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11180030" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b41a1d4d3c3053644d0d6dd8fedace27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46839333,"asset_id":11180030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46839333/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26997969" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VivekMishra44">Vivek Mishra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26997969" type="text/json">{"id":26997969,"first_name":"Vivek","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VivekMishra44","display_name":"Vivek Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VivekMishra44?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11180030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11180030"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11180030, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11180030", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11180030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11180030; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11180030"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11180030 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11180030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11180030; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11180030]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11180030").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11180030").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11180030"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4365" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccines">Vaccines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4365" type="text/json">{"id":4365,"name":"Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccines?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41745" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41745" type="text/json">{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="147066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes">Liposomes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="147066" type="text/json">{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11180030]'), work: {"id":11180030,"title":"Non-invasive vaccine delivery in transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes: a comparative study","created_at":"2015-03-01T05:25:12.633-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11180030/Non_invasive_vaccine_delivery_in_transfersomes_niosomes_and_liposomes_a_comparative_study?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_11180030","summary":"Non-invasive vaccine delivery is a top priority for public health agencies because conventional immunization practices are unsafe and associated with numerous limitations. Recently, the skin has emerged as a potential alternative route for non-invasive delivery of vaccine. Topical immunization (TI), introduction of antigen through topical application onto the intact skin, has many practical merits compared to injectable routes of administration. One of the possibilities for increasing the penetration of bioactives through the skin is the use of vesicular systems. Specially designed lipid vesicles are attracting intense attention and can be used for non-invasive antigen delivery. In the present study, elastic vesicle transfersomes, non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) and liposomes were used to study their relative potential in non-invasive delivery of tetanus toxoid (TT). Transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes were prepared and characterized for shape, size and entrapment efficiency. These vesicles were extruded through polycarbonate filter (50-nm pore size) to assess the elasticity of the vesicles. The immune stimulating activity of transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes were studied by measuring the serum anti-TT IgG titre following topical immunization. The immune response elicited by topical immunization was compared with that elicited by same dose of alum-adsorbed tetanus toxoid (AATT) given intramuscularly. The results indicate that optimal formulations of transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes could entrap 72.7 ± 3.4, 42.5 ± 2.4 and 41.3 ± 2.2% of antigen and their elasticity values were 124.4 ± 4.2, 29.3 ± 2.4 and 21.7 ± 1.9, respectively. In vivo study revealed that topically given TT containing transfersomes, after secondary immunization, could elicit immune response (anti-TT-IgG) that was equivalent to one that produced following intramuscularly alum-adsorbed TT-based immunization. In comparison to transfersomes, niosomes and liposomes elicited weaker immune response. Thus transfersomes hold promise for effective non-invasive topical delivery of antigen(s).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46839333,"asset_id":11180030,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26997969,"first_name":"Vivek","last_name":"Mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VivekMishra44","display_name":"Vivek Mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VivekMishra44?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4365,"name":"Vaccines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccines?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":41745,"name":"Pharmaceutics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":147066,"name":"Liposomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposomes?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":159187,"name":"Drug Delivery Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Delivery_Systems?f_ri=23890"},{"id":183266,"name":"Liposome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liposome?f_ri=23890"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=23890"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1031068,"name":"Drug Carriers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Carriers?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1384707,"name":"Niosomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Niosomes?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13817551 coauthored" data-work_id="13817551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13817551/Segmentation_of_the_mouse_hippocampal_formation_in_magnetic_resonance_images">Segmentation of the mouse hippocampal formation in magnetic resonance images</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hippocampal formation plays an important role in cognition, spatial navigation, learning, and memory. High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging makes it possible to study in vivo changes in the hippocampus over time and is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13817551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hippocampal formation plays an important role in cognition, spatial navigation, learning, and memory. High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging makes it possible to study in vivo changes in the hippocampus over time and is useful for comparing hippocampal volume and structure in wild type and mutant mice. Such comparisons demand a reliable way to segment the hippocampal formation. We have developed a method for the systematic segmentation of the hippocampal formation using the perfusion-fixed C57BL/6 mouse brain for application in longitudinal and comparative studies. Our aim was to develop a guide for segmenting over 40 structures in an adult mouse brain using 30 μm isotropic resolution images acquired with a 16.4 T MR imaging system and combined using super-resolution reconstruction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13817551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2721c8af10304d348f40bdb2a4184078" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44915952,"asset_id":13817551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44915952/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32914330" href="https://uq.academia.edu/NyomanKurniawan">Nyoman Kurniawan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32914330" type="text/json">{"id":32914330,"first_name":"Nyoman","last_name":"Kurniawan","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"NyomanKurniawan","display_name":"Nyoman Kurniawan","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/NyomanKurniawan?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13817551">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13817551"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RachelBuckley1">Rachel Buckley</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13817551'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13817551').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13817551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13817551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13817551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13817551", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13817551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13817551; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13817551"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13817551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13817551"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13817551; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13817551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13817551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13817551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13817551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32913" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology">Neuroimmunology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32913" type="text/json">{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51011" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Super_resolution">Super resolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51011" type="text/json">{"id":51011,"name":"Super resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Super_resolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13817551]'), work: {"id":13817551,"title":"Segmentation of the mouse hippocampal formation in magnetic resonance images","created_at":"2015-07-08T16:25:10.728-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13817551/Segmentation_of_the_mouse_hippocampal_formation_in_magnetic_resonance_images?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_13817551","summary":"The hippocampal formation plays an important role in cognition, spatial navigation, learning, and memory. High resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging makes it possible to study in vivo changes in the hippocampus over time and is useful for comparing hippocampal volume and structure in wild type and mutant mice. Such comparisons demand a reliable way to segment the hippocampal formation. We have developed a method for the systematic segmentation of the hippocampal formation using the perfusion-fixed C57BL/6 mouse brain for application in longitudinal and comparative studies. Our aim was to develop a guide for segmenting over 40 structures in an adult mouse brain using 30 μm isotropic resolution images acquired with a 16.4 T MR imaging system and combined using super-resolution reconstruction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44915952,"asset_id":13817551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32914330,"first_name":"Nyoman","last_name":"Kurniawan","domain_name":"uq","page_name":"NyomanKurniawan","display_name":"Nyoman Kurniawan","profile_url":"https://uq.academia.edu/NyomanKurniawan?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32954926,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Buckley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RachelBuckley1","display_name":"Rachel Buckley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RachelBuckley1?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":32913,"name":"Neuroimmunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimmunology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":51011,"name":"Super resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Super_resolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":52176,"name":"Brain Mapping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Mapping?f_ri=23890"},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=23890"},{"id":58513,"name":"Learning and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Memory-1?f_ri=23890"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=23890"},{"id":103260,"name":"Neuroimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimage?f_ri=23890"},{"id":119259,"name":"Magnetic Resonance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":309086,"name":"High Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Resolution?f_ri=23890"},{"id":554075,"name":"Spatial navigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_navigation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1122411,"name":"Mr Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mr_Imaging?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2226469,"name":"Hippocampal formation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampal_formation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2439414,"name":"Magnetic resonance image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_image?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22177102" data-work_id="22177102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22177102/Memory_Fragmentation_in_Dissociative_Identity_Disorder">Memory Fragmentation in Dissociative Identity Disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22177102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f9f0476f80a4855ad7bc709a810b499" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42836868,"asset_id":22177102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42836868/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43531298" href="https://bu.academia.edu/BKolk">Bessel van der Kolk</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43531298" type="text/json">{"id":43531298,"first_name":"Bessel van der","last_name":"Kolk","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"BKolk","display_name":"Bessel van der Kolk","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/BKolk?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43531298/51140888/39200184/s65_bessel_van_der.kolk.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22177102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22177102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22177102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22177102", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22177102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22177102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22177102"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22177102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22177102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22177102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22177102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22177102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22177102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22177102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology">Victimology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6372" type="text/json">{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22177102]'), work: {"id":22177102,"title":"Memory Fragmentation in Dissociative Identity Disorder","created_at":"2016-02-19T06:27:22.868-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22177102/Memory_Fragmentation_in_Dissociative_Identity_Disorder?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_22177102","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42836868,"asset_id":22177102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43531298,"first_name":"Bessel van der","last_name":"Kolk","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"BKolk","display_name":"Bessel van der Kolk","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/BKolk?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43531298/51140888/39200184/s65_bessel_van_der.kolk.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":36837,"name":"Information Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Processing?f_ri=23890"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":51757,"name":"Dissociation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":57556,"name":"Hippocampus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hippocampus?f_ri=23890"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=23890"},{"id":73740,"name":"Child Sexual Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Sexual_Abuse?f_ri=23890"},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse?f_ri=23890"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=23890"},{"id":154383,"name":"Dissociation and trauma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociation_and_trauma?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":550316,"name":"Dissociative Identity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociative_Identity_Disorder?f_ri=23890"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":770520,"name":"Multiple Personality Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_Personality_Disorder?f_ri=23890"},{"id":974411,"name":"Memory Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Disorders?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1780706,"name":"LIFE EVENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LIFE_EVENT?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29888625" data-work_id="29888625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29888625/Lightning_striking_distance_of_complex_structures">Lightning striking distance of complex structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Traditionally, the location of lightning strike points has been determined by using the rolling sphere method, but recently the collection volume method (CVM) has also been proposed for the placement of air terminals on complex... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29888625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Traditionally, the location of lightning strike points has been determined by using the rolling sphere method, but recently the collection volume method (CVM) has also been proposed for the placement of air terminals on complex structures. Both these methods are empirical in nature and a more advanced model based on physics of discharges is needed to improve the state of affairs. This model is used to evaluate the striking distance from corners and air terminals on actual buildings and the results are qualitatively compared with the predictions of the rolling sphere method and the CVM. The results show that the striking distance not only depends upon the prospective return stroke current and the geometry of the building, but also on the lateral position of the downward leader with respect to the strike point. A further analysis is performed to qualitatively compare the lightning attraction zones obtained with the CVM and the leader inception zones obtained for a building with and without air terminals. The obtained results suggest that the collection volume concept overestimates the protection areas of air terminals placed on complex structures, bringing serious doubts on the validity of this method.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29888625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39d0feb4acb3c2d20cfcd4a720c7217a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50354444,"asset_id":29888625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50354444/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56666354" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/VernonCooray">Vernon Cooray</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56666354" type="text/json">{"id":56666354,"first_name":"Vernon","last_name":"Cooray","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"VernonCooray","display_name":"Vernon Cooray","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/VernonCooray?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56666354/45776814/35586932/s65_vernon.cooray.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29888625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29888625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29888625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29888625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29888625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29888625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29888625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29888625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29888625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29888625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29888625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29888625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29888625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29888625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lightning">Lightning</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109198" type="text/json">{"id":109198,"name":"Lightning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lightning?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="733224" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Method">Empirical Method</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="733224" type="text/json">{"id":733224,"name":"Empirical Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Method?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1010854" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Structure">Complex Structure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1010854" type="text/json">{"id":1010854,"name":"Complex Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Structure?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29888625]'), work: {"id":29888625,"title":"Lightning striking distance of complex structures","created_at":"2016-11-16T09:11:50.682-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29888625/Lightning_striking_distance_of_complex_structures?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_29888625","summary":"Traditionally, the location of lightning strike points has been determined by using the rolling sphere method, but recently the collection volume method (CVM) has also been proposed for the placement of air terminals on complex structures. Both these methods are empirical in nature and a more advanced model based on physics of discharges is needed to improve the state of affairs. This model is used to evaluate the striking distance from corners and air terminals on actual buildings and the results are qualitatively compared with the predictions of the rolling sphere method and the CVM. The results show that the striking distance not only depends upon the prospective return stroke current and the geometry of the building, but also on the lateral position of the downward leader with respect to the strike point. A further analysis is performed to qualitatively compare the lightning attraction zones obtained with the CVM and the leader inception zones obtained for a building with and without air terminals. The obtained results suggest that the collection volume concept overestimates the protection areas of air terminals placed on complex structures, bringing serious doubts on the validity of this method.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50354444,"asset_id":29888625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56666354,"first_name":"Vernon","last_name":"Cooray","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"VernonCooray","display_name":"Vernon Cooray","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/VernonCooray?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56666354/45776814/35586932/s65_vernon.cooray.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":109198,"name":"Lightning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lightning?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":733224,"name":"Empirical Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Method?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1010854,"name":"Complex Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Structure?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38416854" data-work_id="38416854" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38416854/Neil_Gregor_review_of_Anne_Sudrow_Der_Schuh_im_Nationalsozialismus_Eine_Produktgeschichte_im_deutsch_britisch_amerikanischen_Vergleich">Neil Gregor: review of Anne Sudrow, Der Schuh im Nationalsozialismus: Eine Produktgeschichte im deutsch-britisch-amerikanischen Vergleich</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38416854" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="187c01cbf1bc3a91227308caaf32b423" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58475671,"asset_id":38416854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58475671/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10505128" href="https://ghil.academia.edu/GermanHistoricalInstituteLondonBulletin">German Historical Institute London Bulletin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10505128" type="text/json">{"id":10505128,"first_name":"German Historical Institute London","last_name":"Bulletin","domain_name":"ghil","page_name":"GermanHistoricalInstituteLondonBulletin","display_name":"German Historical Institute London Bulletin","profile_url":"https://ghil.academia.edu/GermanHistoricalInstituteLondonBulletin?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10505128/3214297/3782680/s65_german_historical_institute_london.bulletin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38416854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38416854"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38416854, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38416854", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38416854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38416854; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38416854"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38416854 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38416854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38416854; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38416854]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38416854").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38416854").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38416854"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies">Material Culture Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473" type="text/json">{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century">20th Century</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25166" type="text/json">{"id":25166,"name":"20th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38416854]'), work: {"id":38416854,"title":"Neil Gregor: review of Anne Sudrow, Der Schuh im Nationalsozialismus: Eine Produktgeschichte im deutsch-britisch-amerikanischen Vergleich","created_at":"2019-02-22T07:49:01.833-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38416854/Neil_Gregor_review_of_Anne_Sudrow_Der_Schuh_im_Nationalsozialismus_Eine_Produktgeschichte_im_deutsch_britisch_amerikanischen_Vergleich?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_38416854","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58475671,"asset_id":38416854,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10505128,"first_name":"German Historical Institute London","last_name":"Bulletin","domain_name":"ghil","page_name":"GermanHistoricalInstituteLondonBulletin","display_name":"German Historical Institute London Bulletin","profile_url":"https://ghil.academia.edu/GermanHistoricalInstituteLondonBulletin?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10505128/3214297/3782680/s65_german_historical_institute_london.bulletin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":25166,"name":"20th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":43023,"name":"Nazi Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nazi_Germany?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14052679 coauthored" data-work_id="14052679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14052679/Possible_selves_and_delinquency">Possible selves and delinquency</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14052679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many similarities were found among their hoped-for selves, the groups of youth differed markedly in the nature of their expected and feared selves. The balance between expected possible selves and feared possible selves was the particular focus. Balance is hypothesized to occur when expected possible selves are offset by countervailing feared selves in the same domain (e.g., expecting a job, but fearing being unemployed). It was found that the officially nondelinquent youths were quite likely to display balance between their expectations and fears, unlike the most delinquent youth. In contrast, a conventional measure of self-esteem that indicates how people feel about themselves currently did not predict degree of delinquency.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14052679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dccda207879d650d251d402f2c71109" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44656087,"asset_id":14052679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44656087/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33100300" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus">Hazel Markus</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33100300" type="text/json">{"id":33100300,"first_name":"Hazel","last_name":"Markus","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"HazelMarkus","display_name":"Hazel Markus","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14052679">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14052679"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://usc.academia.edu/DaphnaOyserman">Daphna Oyserman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14052679'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14052679').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14052679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14052679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14052679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14052679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14052679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14052679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14052679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14052679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14052679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14052679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14052679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14052679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14052679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14052679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14052679]'), work: {"id":14052679,"title":"Possible selves and delinquency","created_at":"2015-07-14T14:41:12.158-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14052679/Possible_selves_and_delinquency?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_14052679","summary":"The relationship between possible selves and delinquency is explored. In this study, 238 youths between the ages of 13-16 who varied in the degree of their delinquency were asked to describe their possible selves. Although many similarities were found among their hoped-for selves, the groups of youth differed markedly in the nature of their expected and feared selves. The balance between expected possible selves and feared possible selves was the particular focus. Balance is hypothesized to occur when expected possible selves are offset by countervailing feared selves in the same domain (e.g., expecting a job, but fearing being unemployed). It was found that the officially nondelinquent youths were quite likely to display balance between their expectations and fears, unlike the most delinquent youth. In contrast, a conventional measure of self-esteem that indicates how people feel about themselves currently did not predict degree of delinquency.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44656087,"asset_id":14052679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33100300,"first_name":"Hazel","last_name":"Markus","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"HazelMarkus","display_name":"Hazel Markus","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/HazelMarkus?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33071015,"first_name":"Daphna","last_name":"Oyserman","domain_name":"usc","page_name":"DaphnaOyserman","display_name":"Daphna Oyserman","profile_url":"https://usc.academia.edu/DaphnaOyserman?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890"},{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=23890"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":50118,"name":"Representation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":70855,"name":"Interview","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interview?f_ri=23890"},{"id":73785,"name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment_Inventory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":88878,"name":"Questionnaire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaire?f_ri=23890"},{"id":95411,"name":"Personality Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Development?f_ri=23890"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":239280,"name":"Self Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Evaluation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":294340,"name":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_of_Personality_and_Social_Psychology?f_ri=23890"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=23890"},{"id":729337,"name":"Covariance analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covariance_analysis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_571212" data-work_id="571212" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/571212/The_Depression_Anxiety_Stress_Scales_DASS_Normative_data_and_latent_structure_in_a_large_non_clinical_sample">The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non‐clinical sample</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/571212" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="104a13a37a0016692eccab641c1bf14a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3467195,"asset_id":571212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3467195/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="337269" href="https://cmb.academia.edu/sriyanirekha">sriyani rekha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="337269" type="text/json">{"id":337269,"first_name":"sriyani","last_name":"rekha","domain_name":"cmb","page_name":"sriyanirekha","display_name":"sriyani rekha","profile_url":"https://cmb.academia.edu/sriyanirekha?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_571212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="571212"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 571212, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_571212", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_571212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 571212; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_571212"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_571212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="571212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 571212; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=571212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_571212").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_571212").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="571212"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=571212]'), work: {"id":571212,"title":"The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non‐clinical sample","created_at":"2011-05-07T13:33:13.643-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/571212/The_Depression_Anxiety_Stress_Scales_DASS_Normative_data_and_latent_structure_in_a_large_non_clinical_sample?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_571212","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3467195,"asset_id":571212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":337269,"first_name":"sriyani","last_name":"rekha","domain_name":"cmb","page_name":"sriyanirekha","display_name":"sriyani rekha","profile_url":"https://cmb.academia.edu/sriyanirekha?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=23890"},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=23890"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=23890"},{"id":51513,"name":"Test Validation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Test_Validation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=23890"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=23890"},{"id":104428,"name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confirmatory_factor_analysis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":104434,"name":"Construct Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construct_Validity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":298035,"name":"Validity and Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Validity_and_Reliability?f_ri=23890"},{"id":349008,"name":"Convergent Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Convergent_Validity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=23890"},{"id":410595,"name":"Correlation Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation_Analysis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=23890"},{"id":623821,"name":"ANXIETY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ANXIETY-1?f_ri=23890"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":966020,"name":"Cross sectional Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_sectional_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1036413,"name":"Test Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Test_Reliability?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2467529,"name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatric_Status_Rating_Scales?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27340357 coauthored" data-work_id="27340357" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27340357/Comparison_of_terrestrial_DTV_transmission_systems_the_ATSC_8_VSB_the_DVB_T_COFDM_and_the_ISDB_T_BST_OFDM">Comparison of terrestrial DTV transmission systems: the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">this paper compares the performances of the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM digital television terrestrial transmission systems under different impairments and operating conditions. First, a general system level... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27340357" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">this paper compares the performances of the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM digital television terrestrial transmission systems under different impairments and operating conditions. First, a general system level description is presented. It is followed by comparisons based on laboratory test results and theoretical analyzes. The differences in the system threshold definitions are discussed. In addition, a brief performance and implementation analysis is also presented for the three transmission systems under different network infrastructures. Whenever possible, the impact on the broadcasters or consumers is discussed. Possible performance improvements are also identified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27340357" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb8627864b51a7efd899da9d3d649a3a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47595523,"asset_id":27340357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47595523/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27459156" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CaronB">Bernard Caron</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27459156" type="text/json">{"id":27459156,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Caron","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaronB","display_name":"Bernard Caron","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaronB?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27459156/10846509/12105324/s65_bernard.caron.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27340357">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27340357"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WYiyan">Yiyan Wu</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27340357'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27340357').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27340357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27340357"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27340357, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27340357", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27340357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27340357; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27340357"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27340357 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27340357"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27340357; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27340357]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27340357").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27340357").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27340357"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10921" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthogonal_Frequency_Division_Multiplexing_OFDM_">Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10921" type="text/json">{"id":10921,"name":"Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthogonal_Frequency_Division_Multiplexing_OFDM_?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137957" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Improvement">Performance Improvement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137957" type="text/json">{"id":137957,"name":"Performance Improvement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Improvement?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="159726" type="text/json">{"id":159726,"name":"Multiplexing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiplexing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27340357]'), work: {"id":27340357,"title":"Comparison of terrestrial DTV transmission systems: the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM","created_at":"2016-07-28T09:04:15.073-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27340357/Comparison_of_terrestrial_DTV_transmission_systems_the_ATSC_8_VSB_the_DVB_T_COFDM_and_the_ISDB_T_BST_OFDM?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_27340357","summary":"this paper compares the performances of the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM digital television terrestrial transmission systems under different impairments and operating conditions. First, a general system level description is presented. It is followed by comparisons based on laboratory test results and theoretical analyzes. The differences in the system threshold definitions are discussed. In addition, a brief performance and implementation analysis is also presented for the three transmission systems under different network infrastructures. Whenever possible, the impact on the broadcasters or consumers is discussed. Possible performance improvements are also identified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47595523,"asset_id":27340357,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27459156,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Caron","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CaronB","display_name":"Bernard Caron","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CaronB?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27459156/10846509/12105324/s65_bernard.caron.jpg"},{"id":50971916,"first_name":"Yiyan","last_name":"Wu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WYiyan","display_name":"Yiyan Wu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WYiyan?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10921,"name":"Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthogonal_Frequency_Division_Multiplexing_OFDM_?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":137957,"name":"Performance Improvement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Improvement?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":159726,"name":"Multiplexing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiplexing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":188089,"name":"Cable Television","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cable_Television?f_ri=23890"},{"id":188858,"name":"Digital television","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_television?f_ri=23890"},{"id":222739,"name":"Consumers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumers?f_ri=23890"},{"id":323652,"name":"Interference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interference?f_ri=23890"},{"id":477865,"name":"Operant Conditioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operant_Conditioning?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1195987,"name":"Laboratory Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Tests?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1458139,"name":"Thermal Noise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Noise?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8045126" data-work_id="8045126" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8045126/Acc%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_l_eau_potable_dans_les_pays_en_d%C3%A9veloppement_Les_composantes_des_syst%C3%A8mes_tarifaires_%C3%A0_vis%C3%A9e_sociale_et_leurs_r%C3%A9els_impacts_sur_les_populations_cibles_Comment_mettre_en_place_un_v%C3%A9ritable_tarif_social_">Accès à l’eau potable dans les pays en développement : Les composantes des systèmes tarifaires à visée sociale et leurs réels impacts sur les populations cibles. Comment mettre en place un véritable tarif social ?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8045126" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a16e2172a6915d67951ff89068c11e1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34504309,"asset_id":8045126,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34504309/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3349146" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo">Raphaëlle Roffo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3349146" type="text/json">{"id":3349146,"first_name":"Raphaëlle","last_name":"Roffo","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"RaphaëlleRoffo","display_name":"Raphaëlle Roffo","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3349146/1122236/35115013/s65_rapha_lle.roffo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8045126 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8045126"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8045126, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8045126", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8045126 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8045126; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8045126"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8045126 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8045126"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8045126; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8045126]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8045126").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8045126").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8045126"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35618" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senegal">Senegal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35618" type="text/json">{"id":35618,"name":"Senegal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senegal?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40517" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40517" type="text/json">{"id":40517,"name":"Barcelona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barcelona?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50538" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London">London</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50538" type="text/json">{"id":50538,"name":"London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8045126]'), work: {"id":8045126,"title":"Accès à l’eau potable dans les pays en développement : Les composantes des systèmes tarifaires à visée sociale et leurs réels impacts sur les populations cibles. Comment mettre en place un véritable tarif social ?","created_at":"2014-08-21T17:16:37.750-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8045126/Acc%C3%A8s_%C3%A0_l_eau_potable_dans_les_pays_en_d%C3%A9veloppement_Les_composantes_des_syst%C3%A8mes_tarifaires_%C3%A0_vis%C3%A9e_sociale_et_leurs_r%C3%A9els_impacts_sur_les_populations_cibles_Comment_mettre_en_place_un_v%C3%A9ritable_tarif_social_?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_8045126","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34504309,"asset_id":8045126,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3349146,"first_name":"Raphaëlle","last_name":"Roffo","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"RaphaëlleRoffo","display_name":"Raphaëlle Roffo","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/Rapha%C3%ABlleRoffo?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3349146/1122236/35115013/s65_rapha_lle.roffo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":35618,"name":"Senegal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Senegal?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":40517,"name":"Barcelona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Barcelona?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":50538,"name":"London","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":80908,"name":"Water and Sanitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_and_Sanitation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":209822,"name":"Phnom Penh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phnom_Penh?f_ri=23890"},{"id":231774,"name":"Santiago de Chile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Santiago_de_Chile?f_ri=23890"},{"id":272236,"name":"Durban","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Durban?f_ri=23890"},{"id":444208,"name":"Bogota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bogota?f_ri=23890"},{"id":582127,"name":"Water services tariffs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_services_tariffs?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1501468,"name":"Dunkerque","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dunkerque?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68443455" data-work_id="68443455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries">Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68443455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from "state-administered" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's "Democratic Corporatist" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a "Liberal-Pluralist" model, a "Direct Funding" model, and a "Commercial-Public" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68443455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e4e0613b3f6fa81153c0400ebb28da2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78915750,"asset_id":68443455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78915750/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="251508" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="251508" type="text/json">{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68443455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68443455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68443455", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68443455; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68443455"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68443455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68443455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68443455; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68443455]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68443455").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68443455").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68443455"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="994" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism">Journalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="994" type="text/json">{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68443455]'), work: {"id":68443455,"title":"Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries","created_at":"2022-01-16T14:17:20.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_68443455","summary":"This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from \"state-administered\" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's \"Democratic Corporatist\" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a \"Liberal-Pluralist\" model, a \"Direct Funding\" model, and a \"Commercial-Public\" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78915750,"asset_id":68443455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Pickard","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"VictorPickard","display_name":"Victor Pickard","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s65_victor.pickard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":994,"name":"Journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1743,"name":"Political Economy of Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_Communication?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1911,"name":"International Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Theory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=23890"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":8052,"name":"Media Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Policy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":10465,"name":"Public Service Broadcasting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Service_Broadcasting?f_ri=23890"},{"id":11010,"name":"Communication Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Theory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":19079,"name":"Media and public policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_public_policy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":19213,"name":"Political Economy of the Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy_of_the_Media?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":54340,"name":"Journalism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journalism_Studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":79713,"name":"Mass Comunication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Comunication?f_ri=23890"},{"id":81988,"name":"Comparative studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_studies?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27875262 coauthored" data-work_id="27875262" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27875262/Psychological_mindedness_and_awareness_of_self_and_others">Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27875262" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e3feff8ceb041a2b5499b5c6b4fde6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48159713,"asset_id":27875262,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48159713/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52227805" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkBeitel">Mark Beitel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52227805" type="text/json">{"id":52227805,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Beitel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkBeitel","display_name":"Mark Beitel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkBeitel?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27875262">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27875262"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCecero">John Cecero</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27875262'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27875262').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27875262 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27875262"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27875262, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27875262", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27875262 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27875262; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27875262"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27875262 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27875262"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27875262; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27875262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27875262").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27875262").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27875262"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology">Clinical Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="226" type="text/json">{"id":226,"name":"Clinical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27875262]'), work: {"id":27875262,"title":"Psychological mindedness and awareness of self and others","created_at":"2016-08-18T15:50:51.249-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27875262/Psychological_mindedness_and_awareness_of_self_and_others?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_27875262","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48159713,"asset_id":27875262,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52227805,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Beitel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkBeitel","display_name":"Mark Beitel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkBeitel?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":52292180,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Cecero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnCecero","display_name":"John Cecero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnCecero?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":226,"name":"Clinical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=23890"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=23890"},{"id":12385,"name":"Conscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conscience?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":31697,"name":"Self","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self?f_ri=23890"},{"id":44886,"name":"Empathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empathy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":144049,"name":"Attitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitude?f_ri=23890"},{"id":186492,"name":"Empirical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Research?f_ri=23890"},{"id":197351,"name":"Awareness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Awareness?f_ri=23890"},{"id":248366,"name":"New York","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York?f_ri=23890"},{"id":384193,"name":"Self Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Perception?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54229101" data-work_id="54229101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54229101/Modeling_individual_tree_mortality_for_Austrian_forest_species">Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Individual tree mortality models were developed for the six major forest species of Austria: Norway spruce (Picea abies), white ®r (Abies alba), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54229101" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Individual tree mortality models were developed for the six major forest species of Austria: Norway spruce (Picea abies), white ®r (Abies alba), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus silvatica), and oak (Quercus spp.); a joint model for the remaining broadleaf species was also developed. Data came from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent plot network of the Austrian National Forest Inventory. Parameters of the logistic equation were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. For all species, we found the hyperbolic transformation of diameter (D À1) to be highly signi®cant in predicting the high mortality rates for small diameter trees and decreasing mortality rates for larger diameters. For spruce, a quadratic transformation in D was needed to accurately model the increase in mortality observed for large, low-vigor trees with diameter >70 cm, which resulted in a U-shaped distribution. Crown ratio was also consistently signi®cant, except for oak. We likewise found basal-area-in-larger-trees (BAL) to be a highly signi®cant predictor of mortality rate for all species except ®r and oak. Predicted mortality rate increases as the basal area in larger trees increases and as crown ratio decreases. The resulting logistic mortality model had the same general form for all species, with the signs of all parameters conforming to expectations. In general, chi-square statistics indicate that the most important variable is D À1 , the second most important is crown ratio, and the third most important predictor is BAL. The relative importance of crown ratio appears to be greater for shade tolerant species (®r, beech, spruce) than for shade intolerant species (larch, Scots pine, oak). Examination of graphs of observed vs. predicted mortality rates reveals that the species-speci®c mortality models are all well behaved, and match the observed mortality rates quite well. The D À1 transformation is¯exible, as can be seen by comparing the rather different mortality rates of larch and Scots pine. Predicted and observed mortality rates with respect to crown ratio are quite close to the observed mortality rates for all but the smallest crown ratios (CR<20%), a class with very few observations. Finally, the logistic mortality models passed a validation test on independent data not used in parameter estimation. The key ingredient for obtaining a good mortality model is a data set that is both large and representative of the population under study, and the Austrian National Forest Inventory data satisfy both requirements.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54229101" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65aa174aa1602616410e4c24c05e60df" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70699829,"asset_id":54229101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70699829/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="188067020" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HubertSterba">Hubert Sterba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="188067020" type="text/json">{"id":188067020,"first_name":"Hubert","last_name":"Sterba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HubertSterba","display_name":"Hubert Sterba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HubertSterba?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54229101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54229101"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54229101, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54229101", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54229101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54229101; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54229101"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54229101 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54229101"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54229101; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54229101]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54229101").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54229101").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54229101"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology">Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2923" type="text/json">{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network">Neural Network</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26066" type="text/json">{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39920" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parameter_estimation">Parameter estimation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39920" type="text/json">{"id":39920,"name":"Parameter estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parameter_estimation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54229101]'), work: {"id":54229101,"title":"Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species","created_at":"2021-09-30T02:49:24.587-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54229101/Modeling_individual_tree_mortality_for_Austrian_forest_species?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_54229101","summary":"Individual tree mortality models were developed for the six major forest species of Austria: Norway spruce (Picea abies), white ®r (Abies alba), European larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), European beech (Fagus silvatica), and oak (Quercus spp.); a joint model for the remaining broadleaf species was also developed. Data came from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent plot network of the Austrian National Forest Inventory. Parameters of the logistic equation were estimated using maximum likelihood methods. For all species, we found the hyperbolic transformation of diameter (D À1) to be highly signi®cant in predicting the high mortality rates for small diameter trees and decreasing mortality rates for larger diameters. For spruce, a quadratic transformation in D was needed to accurately model the increase in mortality observed for large, low-vigor trees with diameter \u003e70 cm, which resulted in a U-shaped distribution. Crown ratio was also consistently signi®cant, except for oak. We likewise found basal-area-in-larger-trees (BAL) to be a highly signi®cant predictor of mortality rate for all species except ®r and oak. Predicted mortality rate increases as the basal area in larger trees increases and as crown ratio decreases. The resulting logistic mortality model had the same general form for all species, with the signs of all parameters conforming to expectations. In general, chi-square statistics indicate that the most important variable is D À1 , the second most important is crown ratio, and the third most important predictor is BAL. The relative importance of crown ratio appears to be greater for shade tolerant species (®r, beech, spruce) than for shade intolerant species (larch, Scots pine, oak). Examination of graphs of observed vs. predicted mortality rates reveals that the species-speci®c mortality models are all well behaved, and match the observed mortality rates quite well. The D À1 transformation is¯exible, as can be seen by comparing the rather different mortality rates of larch and Scots pine. Predicted and observed mortality rates with respect to crown ratio are quite close to the observed mortality rates for all but the smallest crown ratios (CR\u003c20%), a class with very few observations. Finally, the logistic mortality models passed a validation test on independent data not used in parameter estimation. The key ingredient for obtaining a good mortality model is a data set that is both large and representative of the population under study, and the Austrian National Forest Inventory data satisfy both requirements.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70699829,"asset_id":54229101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":188067020,"first_name":"Hubert","last_name":"Sterba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HubertSterba","display_name":"Hubert Sterba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HubertSterba?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26066,"name":"Neural Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_Network?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":39920,"name":"Parameter estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parameter_estimation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=23890"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":87364,"name":"Maximum Likelihood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maximum_Likelihood?f_ri=23890"},{"id":218692,"name":"Oak","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oak?f_ri=23890"},{"id":479067,"name":"Pinus sylvestris","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pinus_sylvestris?f_ri=23890"},{"id":576520,"name":"Picea abies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Picea_abies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":661097,"name":"Scots Pine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scots_Pine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":700960,"name":"Norway Spruce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway_Spruce?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1120447,"name":"Growth Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Model?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1448196,"name":"National forest inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_forest_inventory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1680434,"name":"Mortality rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_rate?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2102157,"name":"Maximum Likelihood Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maximum_Likelihood_Method?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2277560,"name":"Basal Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basal_Area?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3130520,"name":"European beech","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_beech?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3466936,"name":"Logistic Equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Equation?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33907193" data-work_id="33907193" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33907193/Which_h_index_A_comparison_of_WoS_Scopus_and_Google_Scholar">Which h-index? - A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper compares the h-indices of a list of highly-cited Israeli researchers based on citations counts retrieved from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar respectively. In several case the results obtained through Google... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33907193" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper compares the h-indices of a list of highly-cited Israeli researchers based on citations counts retrieved from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar respectively. In several case the results obtained through Google Scholar are considerably different from the results based on the Web of Science and Scopus. Data cleansing is discussed extensively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33907193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="12babfea5606d9ad49a80199fd9b4796" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53878689,"asset_id":33907193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53878689/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="150524" href="https://biu.academia.edu/JuditBarIlan">Judit Bar-Ilan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="150524" type="text/json">{"id":150524,"first_name":"Judit","last_name":"Bar-Ilan","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"JuditBarIlan","display_name":"Judit Bar-Ilan","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/JuditBarIlan?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/150524/10194164/11376280/s65_judit.bar-ilan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33907193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33907193"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33907193, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33907193", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33907193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33907193; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33907193"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33907193 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33907193"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33907193; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33907193]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33907193").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33907193").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33907193"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7503" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7503" type="text/json">{"id":7503,"name":"Scientometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59587" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Library_and_Information_Studies">Library and Information Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59587" type="text/json">{"id":59587,"name":"Library and Information Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Library_and_Information_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_Engine">Search Engine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="137780" type="text/json">{"id":137780,"name":"Search Engine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_Engine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33907193]'), work: {"id":33907193,"title":"Which h-index? - A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar","created_at":"2017-07-17T06:23:31.204-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33907193/Which_h_index_A_comparison_of_WoS_Scopus_and_Google_Scholar?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_33907193","summary":"This paper compares the h-indices of a list of highly-cited Israeli researchers based on citations counts retrieved from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar respectively. In several case the results obtained through Google Scholar are considerably different from the results based on the Web of Science and Scopus. Data cleansing is discussed extensively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53878689,"asset_id":33907193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":150524,"first_name":"Judit","last_name":"Bar-Ilan","domain_name":"biu","page_name":"JuditBarIlan","display_name":"Judit Bar-Ilan","profile_url":"https://biu.academia.edu/JuditBarIlan?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/150524/10194164/11376280/s65_judit.bar-ilan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7503,"name":"Scientometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":59587,"name":"Library and Information Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Library_and_Information_Studies?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":137780,"name":"Search Engine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Search_Engine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":226847,"name":"Google Scholar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Google_Scholar?f_ri=23890"},{"id":247162,"name":"Scopus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scopus?f_ri=23890"},{"id":387716,"name":"Scientific Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Research?f_ri=23890"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1157234,"name":"Web of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_of_Science?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1431595,"name":"Data Cleansing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Cleansing?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31181112" data-work_id="31181112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31181112/Predicting_Genetic_Gain_of_Backward_and_Forward_Selection_in_Forest_Tree_Breeding">Predicting Genetic Gain of Backward and Forward Selection in Forest Tree Breeding</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In several forest tree breeding operations either backward or forward selection is used, although a proper combination of both might be more advantageous. Using calculations based on quantitative genetic theory, comparisons were made... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31181112" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In several forest tree breeding operations either backward or forward selection is used, although a proper combination of both might be more advantageous. Using calculations based on quantitative genetic theory, comparisons were made between the relative merits of backward and forward selection for individual families. In backward selection the mother was chosen based on her offspring and in forward selection the best offspring was selected from the family consisting of the mother and her children. A range of heritabilities and selection inten- sities in natural forest and progeny test (the latter is a function of progeny size) were compared. It is the more favourable to select backward the higher the mother ranks. Depending on the combination of parameter values, backward selection was superior to forward selection for open pollinated progeny in 1% to 57% of the top ranking families. High intensity of selection in the forest, low herita- bility and small progeny size favoured backw...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31181112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7697f96d9e5a8fc2b1560f70dcff232" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51607117,"asset_id":31181112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51607117/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="59589861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DLindgren1">D. Lindgren</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="59589861" type="text/json">{"id":59589861,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Lindgren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DLindgren1","display_name":"D. Lindgren","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DLindgren1?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31181112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31181112"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31181112, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31181112", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31181112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31181112; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31181112"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31181112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31181112"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31181112; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31181112]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31181112").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31181112").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31181112"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Genetics">Quantitative Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17564" type="text/json">{"id":17564,"name":"Quantitative Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Genetics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151950" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritability">Heritability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="151950" type="text/json">{"id":151950,"name":"Heritability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritability?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159033" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_determinism">Genetic determinism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="159033" type="text/json">{"id":159033,"name":"Genetic determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_determinism?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31181112]'), work: {"id":31181112,"title":"Predicting Genetic Gain of Backward and Forward Selection in Forest Tree Breeding","created_at":"2017-02-02T14:53:20.292-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31181112/Predicting_Genetic_Gain_of_Backward_and_Forward_Selection_in_Forest_Tree_Breeding?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_31181112","summary":"In several forest tree breeding operations either backward or forward selection is used, although a proper combination of both might be more advantageous. Using calculations based on quantitative genetic theory, comparisons were made between the relative merits of backward and forward selection for individual families. In backward selection the mother was chosen based on her offspring and in forward selection the best offspring was selected from the family consisting of the mother and her children. A range of heritabilities and selection inten- sities in natural forest and progeny test (the latter is a function of progeny size) were compared. It is the more favourable to select backward the higher the mother ranks. Depending on the combination of parameter values, backward selection was superior to forward selection for open pollinated progeny in 1% to 57% of the top ranking families. High intensity of selection in the forest, low herita- bility and small progeny size favoured backw...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51607117,"asset_id":31181112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":59589861,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Lindgren","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DLindgren1","display_name":"D. Lindgren","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DLindgren1?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17564,"name":"Quantitative Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Genetics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":151950,"name":"Heritability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heritability?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":159033,"name":"Genetic determinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_determinism?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":489391,"name":"Selective Breeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Breeding?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1387364,"name":"Genetic Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Selection?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80643479" data-work_id="80643479" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80643479/Laparoscopic_Versus_Open_Appendectomy">Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: To compare length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, in-hospital mortality, and rate of routine discharge between laparoscopic and open appendectomy based on a representative, nationwide database. Summary Background... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80643479" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To compare length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, in-hospital mortality, and rate of routine discharge between laparoscopic and open appendectomy based on a representative, nationwide database. Summary Background Data: Numerous single-institutional randomized clinical trials have assessed the efficacy of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. The results, however, are conflicting, and a consensus concerning the relative advantages of each procedure has not yet been reached. Methods: Patients with primary ICD-9 procedure codes for laparoscopic and open appendectomy were selected from the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a database that approximates 20% of all US community hospital discharges. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk-adjusted endpoints. Results: Discharge abstracts of 43,757 patients were used for our analyses. 7618 patients (17.4%) underwent laparoscopic and 36,139 patients (82.6%) open appendectomy. Patients had an average age of 30.7 years and were predominantly white (58.1%) and male (58.6%). After adjusting for other covariates, laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with shorter median hospital stay (laparoscopic appendectomy: 2.06 days, open appendectomy: 2.88 days, P Ͻ 0.0001), lower rate of infections (odds ratio [OR] ϭ 0.5 [0.38, 0.66], P Ͻ 0.0001), decreased gastrointestinal complications (OR ϭ 0.8 [0.68, 0.96], P ϭ 0.02), lower overall complications (OR ϭ 0.84 [0.75, 0.94], P ϭ 0.002), and higher rate of routine discharge (OR ϭ 3.22 [2.47, 4.46], P Ͻ 0.0001). Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy has significant advantages over open appendectomy with respect to length of hospital stay, rate of routine discharge, and postoperative in-hospital morbidity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80643479" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="741687e12bb583c572fa31cba1b173ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86957896,"asset_id":80643479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86957896/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="63074425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliSafiyya">Safiyya Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="63074425" type="text/json">{"id":63074425,"first_name":"Safiyya","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliSafiyya","display_name":"Safiyya Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliSafiyya?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63074425/57145692/45360248/s65_safiyya.ali.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80643479 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80643479"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80643479, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80643479", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80643479 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80643479; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80643479"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80643479 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80643479"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80643479; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80643479]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80643479").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80643479").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80643479"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80643479]'), work: {"id":80643479,"title":"Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy","created_at":"2022-06-03T16:55:38.954-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80643479/Laparoscopic_Versus_Open_Appendectomy?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_80643479","summary":"Objective: To compare length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, in-hospital mortality, and rate of routine discharge between laparoscopic and open appendectomy based on a representative, nationwide database. Summary Background Data: Numerous single-institutional randomized clinical trials have assessed the efficacy of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. The results, however, are conflicting, and a consensus concerning the relative advantages of each procedure has not yet been reached. Methods: Patients with primary ICD-9 procedure codes for laparoscopic and open appendectomy were selected from the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a database that approximates 20% of all US community hospital discharges. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk-adjusted endpoints. Results: Discharge abstracts of 43,757 patients were used for our analyses. 7618 patients (17.4%) underwent laparoscopic and 36,139 patients (82.6%) open appendectomy. Patients had an average age of 30.7 years and were predominantly white (58.1%) and male (58.6%). After adjusting for other covariates, laparoscopic appendectomy was associated with shorter median hospital stay (laparoscopic appendectomy: 2.06 days, open appendectomy: 2.88 days, P Ͻ 0.0001), lower rate of infections (odds ratio [OR] ϭ 0.5 [0.38, 0.66], P Ͻ 0.0001), decreased gastrointestinal complications (OR ϭ 0.8 [0.68, 0.96], P ϭ 0.02), lower overall complications (OR ϭ 0.84 [0.75, 0.94], P ϭ 0.002), and higher rate of routine discharge (OR ϭ 3.22 [2.47, 4.46], P Ͻ 0.0001). Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy has significant advantages over open appendectomy with respect to length of hospital stay, rate of routine discharge, and postoperative in-hospital morbidity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86957896,"asset_id":80643479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":63074425,"first_name":"Safiyya","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AliSafiyya","display_name":"Safiyya Ali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AliSafiyya?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/63074425/57145692/45360248/s65_safiyya.ali.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=23890"},{"id":83398,"name":"Absenteeism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Absenteeism?f_ri=23890"},{"id":96680,"name":"Hospital costs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospital_costs?f_ri=23890"},{"id":211917,"name":"Length of Stay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Length_of_Stay?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":457859,"name":"Cost Benefit Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Benefit_Analysis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":602889,"name":"Cost Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Control?f_ri=23890"},{"id":746252,"name":"Appendectomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Appendectomy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1119056,"name":"Database","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1229542,"name":"Laparoscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laparoscopy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1259531,"name":"Acute Appendicitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Appendicitis?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80155100" data-work_id="80155100" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80155100/Isolation_and_Characterization_of_a_Cysteine_Protease_of_Freesia_Corms">Isolation and Characterization of a Cysteine Protease of Freesia Corms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A protease, freesia protease (FP)-A, was puriˆed to electrophoretic homogeneity from regular freesia (Freesia re‰acta) corms in harvest time. The M r of FP-A was estimated to be 24 k by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 8.0 using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80155100" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A protease, freesia protease (FP)-A, was puriˆed to electrophoretic homogeneity from regular freesia (Freesia re‰acta) corms in harvest time. The M r of FP-A was estimated to be 24 k by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 8.0 using a casein substrate. These enzymes were strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid but not by phenylmethane-sulfonyl-‰uoride and EDTA. These results indicate that FP-A belongs to the cysteine proteases. The amino terminal sequence of FP-A was similar to that of papain, and the sequences was regarded to the conservative residues of cysteine protease. From the hydrolysis of peptidyl-p-NAs, the speciˆcity of FP-A was found to be broad. It was thought that FP-A was a new protease from freesia corms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80155100" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1804535360adb384015ab020606a0fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86631659,"asset_id":80155100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86631659/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162391476" href="https://cordoba.academia.edu/LauraLeticiaLopez">Laura Leticia Lopez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162391476" type="text/json">{"id":162391476,"first_name":"Laura Leticia","last_name":"Lopez","domain_name":"cordoba","page_name":"LauraLeticiaLopez","display_name":"Laura Leticia Lopez","profile_url":"https://cordoba.academia.edu/LauraLeticiaLopez?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80155100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80155100"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80155100, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80155100", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80155100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80155100; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80155100"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80155100 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80155100"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80155100; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80155100]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80155100").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80155100").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80155100"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth">Growth</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54961" type="text/json">{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193464" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="193464" type="text/json">{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="361141" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiosperms">Angiosperms</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="361141" type="text/json">{"id":361141,"name":"Angiosperms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiosperms?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80155100]'), work: {"id":80155100,"title":"Isolation and Characterization of a Cysteine Protease of Freesia Corms","created_at":"2022-05-28T22:10:53.514-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80155100/Isolation_and_Characterization_of_a_Cysteine_Protease_of_Freesia_Corms?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_80155100","summary":"A protease, freesia protease (FP)-A, was puriˆed to electrophoretic homogeneity from regular freesia (Freesia re‰acta) corms in harvest time. The M r of FP-A was estimated to be 24 k by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 8.0 using a casein substrate. These enzymes were strongly inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid but not by phenylmethane-sulfonyl-‰uoride and EDTA. These results indicate that FP-A belongs to the cysteine proteases. The amino terminal sequence of FP-A was similar to that of papain, and the sequences was regarded to the conservative residues of cysteine protease. From the hydrolysis of peptidyl-p-NAs, the speciˆcity of FP-A was found to be broad. It was thought that FP-A was a new protease from freesia corms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86631659,"asset_id":80155100,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162391476,"first_name":"Laura Leticia","last_name":"Lopez","domain_name":"cordoba","page_name":"LauraLeticiaLopez","display_name":"Laura Leticia Lopez","profile_url":"https://cordoba.academia.edu/LauraLeticiaLopez?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":54961,"name":"Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":193464,"name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Dodecyl_Sulfate-Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":361141,"name":"Angiosperms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Angiosperms?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":581656,"name":"Rhizome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rhizome?f_ri=23890"},{"id":584613,"name":"Cysteine endopeptidases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine_endopeptidases?f_ri=23890"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":890484,"name":"Dormancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dormancy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2298545,"name":"Corm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corm?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3531243,"name":"Cysteine Protease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cysteine_Protease?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79379629" data-work_id="79379629" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79379629/Short_term_effects_of_dietary_advanced_glycation_end_products_in_rats">Short-term effects of dietary advanced glycation end products in rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed during heating of food have gained interest as potential nutritional toxins with adverse effects on inflammation and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79379629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed during heating of food have gained interest as potential nutritional toxins with adverse effects on inflammation and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the short-term effects of high and low molecular weight (HMW and LMW) dietary AGE on insulin sensitivity, expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) andTNF-α, F2-isoprostaglandins, body composition and food intake. For 2 weeks, thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 20 % milk powder with different proportions of this being given as heated milk powder (0, 40 or 100 %), either native (HMW) or hydrolysed (LMW). Gene expression ofRAGEandAGER1in whole blood increased in the group receiving a high AGE LMW diet, which also had the highest urinary excretion of the AGE, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1). Urinary excretion ofNε-carboxymethyl-lysine increased with increasing proportion of heat-treated milk pow...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79379629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7003ffcc70a8c90bb533c8f9d9089625" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86114868,"asset_id":79379629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86114868/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39001226" href="https://nocuffs.academia.edu/AndreasMadsen">Andreas Madsen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39001226" type="text/json">{"id":39001226,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Madsen","domain_name":"nocuffs","page_name":"AndreasMadsen","display_name":"Andreas Madsen","profile_url":"https://nocuffs.academia.edu/AndreasMadsen?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79379629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79379629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79379629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79379629", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79379629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79379629; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79379629"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79379629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79379629"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79379629; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79379629]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79379629").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79379629").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79379629"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="591" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics">Nutrition and Dietetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="591" type="text/json">{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6970" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers">Biomarkers</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6970" type="text/json">{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet">Diet</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9478" type="text/json">{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79379629]'), work: {"id":79379629,"title":"Short-term effects of dietary advanced glycation end products in rats","created_at":"2022-05-18T06:19:50.955-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79379629/Short_term_effects_of_dietary_advanced_glycation_end_products_in_rats?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_79379629","summary":"Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed during heating of food have gained interest as potential nutritional toxins with adverse effects on inflammation and glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the short-term effects of high and low molecular weight (HMW and LMW) dietary AGE on insulin sensitivity, expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), the AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) andTNF-α, F2-isoprostaglandins, body composition and food intake. For 2 weeks, thirty-six Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 20 % milk powder with different proportions of this being given as heated milk powder (0, 40 or 100 %), either native (HMW) or hydrolysed (LMW). Gene expression ofRAGEandAGER1in whole blood increased in the group receiving a high AGE LMW diet, which also had the highest urinary excretion of the AGE, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1). Urinary excretion ofNε-carboxymethyl-lysine increased with increasing proportion of heat-treated milk pow...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86114868,"asset_id":79379629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39001226,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Madsen","domain_name":"nocuffs","page_name":"AndreasMadsen","display_name":"Andreas Madsen","profile_url":"https://nocuffs.academia.edu/AndreasMadsen?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":591,"name":"Nutrition and Dietetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition_and_Dietetics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":9478,"name":"Diet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diet?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=23890"},{"id":60979,"name":"Glycation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":65390,"name":"Internal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Medicine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":105510,"name":"Journal Article","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Journal_Article?f_ri=23890"},{"id":373650,"name":"Lysine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lysine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":474029,"name":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha?f_ri=23890"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=23890"},{"id":801409,"name":"Imidazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imidazoles?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1567539,"name":"Energy Intake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Intake?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1885346,"name":"Milk proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milk_proteins?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2463495,"name":"Random Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Allocation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3032547,"name":"proteolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/proteolysis?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79362212" data-work_id="79362212" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79362212/Adjuvant_Paclitaxel_Plus_Carboplatin_Compared_With_Observation_in_Stage_IB_Non_Small_Cell_Lung_Cancer_CALGB_9633_With_the_Cancer_and_Leukemia_Group_B_Radiation_Therapy_Oncology_Group_and_North_Central_Cancer_Treatment_Group_Study_Groups">Adjuvant Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Compared With Observation in Stage IB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 9633 With the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PurposeAdjuvant chemotherapy for resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now accepted on the basis of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated improved survival. Although there is strong evidence that adjuvant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79362212" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PurposeAdjuvant chemotherapy for resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now accepted on the basis of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated improved survival. Although there is strong evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in stages II and IIIA NSCLC, its utility in stage IB disease is unclear. This report provides a mature analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9633, the only RCT designed specifically for stage IB NSCLC.Patients and MethodsWithin 4 to 8 weeks of resection, patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed T2N0 NSCLC and had undergone lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2intravenously over 3 hours and carboplatin at an area under the curve dose of 6 mg/mL per minute intravenously over 45 to 60 minutes every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary end point was overall survival.ResultsThree hundred-forty-four patients...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79362212" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ddd4a58efe07e40ea1c62e0dc636087d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86102965,"asset_id":79362212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86102965/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48377423" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeidiGillenwater">Heidi Gillenwater</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48377423" type="text/json">{"id":48377423,"first_name":"Heidi","last_name":"Gillenwater","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeidiGillenwater","display_name":"Heidi Gillenwater","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeidiGillenwater?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79362212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79362212"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79362212, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79362212", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79362212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79362212; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79362212"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79362212 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79362212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79362212; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79362212]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79362212").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79362212").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79362212"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29423" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_treatment">Cancer treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29423" type="text/json">{"id":29423,"name":"Cancer treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79362212]'), work: {"id":79362212,"title":"Adjuvant Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Compared With Observation in Stage IB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 9633 With the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups","created_at":"2022-05-18T01:49:54.704-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79362212/Adjuvant_Paclitaxel_Plus_Carboplatin_Compared_With_Observation_in_Stage_IB_Non_Small_Cell_Lung_Cancer_CALGB_9633_With_the_Cancer_and_Leukemia_Group_B_Radiation_Therapy_Oncology_Group_and_North_Central_Cancer_Treatment_Group_Study_Groups?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_79362212","summary":"PurposeAdjuvant chemotherapy for resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now accepted on the basis of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated improved survival. Although there is strong evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in stages II and IIIA NSCLC, its utility in stage IB disease is unclear. This report provides a mature analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9633, the only RCT designed specifically for stage IB NSCLC.Patients and MethodsWithin 4 to 8 weeks of resection, patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed T2N0 NSCLC and had undergone lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2intravenously over 3 hours and carboplatin at an area under the curve dose of 6 mg/mL per minute intravenously over 45 to 60 minutes every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary end point was overall survival.ResultsThree hundred-forty-four patients...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86102965,"asset_id":79362212,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48377423,"first_name":"Heidi","last_name":"Gillenwater","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeidiGillenwater","display_name":"Heidi Gillenwater","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeidiGillenwater?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":29423,"name":"Cancer treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":49000,"name":"Observation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=23890"},{"id":115895,"name":"Clinical oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_oncology?f_ri=23890"},{"id":168351,"name":"Paclitaxel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paclitaxel?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1548118,"name":"Non small Cell Lung Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non_small_Cell_Lung_Cancer?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2007840,"name":"Carboplatin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carboplatin?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2943594,"name":"Patient selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_selection?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3082379,"name":"Disease Free Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Free_Survival?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3118074,"name":"Neoplasm staging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_staging?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3840853,"name":"lung neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/lung_neoplasms?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78421574" data-work_id="78421574" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78421574/Disease_Specific_Versus_Standard_Nutritional_Support_for_the_Treatment_of_Pressure_Ulcers_in_Institutionalized_Older_Adults_A_Randomized_Controlled_Trial">Disease-Specific, Versus Standard, Nutritional Support for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To investigate whether a disease-specific nutritional approach is more beneficial than a standard dietary approach to the healing of pressure ulcers (PUs) in institutionalized elderly patients. DESIGN: Twelve-week follow-up randomized... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78421574" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To investigate whether a disease-specific nutritional approach is more beneficial than a standard dietary approach to the healing of pressure ulcers (PUs) in institutionalized elderly patients. DESIGN: Twelve-week follow-up randomized controlled trial (RCT). SETTING: Four long-term care facilities in the province of Como, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight elderly subjects with Stage II, III, and IV PUs of recent onset (o1-month history). INTERVENTION: All 28 patients received 30 kcal/kg per day nutritional support; of these, 15 received standard nutrition (hospital diet or standard enteral formula; 16% calories from protein), whereas 13 were administered a disease-specific nutrition treatment consisting of the standard diet plus a 400-mL oral supplement or specific enteral formula enriched with protein (20% of the total calories), arginine, zinc, and vitamin C (Po.001 for all nutrients vs control). MEASUREMENTS: Ulcer healing was evaluated using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH; 0 5 complete healing, 17 5 greatest severity) tool and area measurement (mm 2 and %). RESULTS: The sampled groups were well matched for age, sex, nutritional status, oral intake, type of feeding, and ulcer severity. After 12 weeks, both groups showed significant improvement (Po.001). The treatment produced a higher rate of healing, the PUSH score revealing a significant difference at Week 12 ( À 6.1 AE 2.7 vs À 3.3 AE 2.4; Po.05) and the reduction in ulcer surface area significantly higher in the treated patients already by Week 8 ( À 1,140.9 AE 669.2 mm 2 vs À 571.7 AE 391.3 mm 2 ; Po.05 and $ 57% vs $ 33%; Po.02). CONCLUSION: The rate of PU healing appears to accelerate when a nutrition formula enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C is administered, making such a formula preferable to a standardized one, but the present data require further confirmation by high-quality RCTs conducted on a larger scale.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78421574" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c429efa7e41b368c9a4b482a9fbf4d8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85475090,"asset_id":78421574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85475090/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="205460777" href="https://unitn.academia.edu/CarloPedrolli">Carlo Pedrolli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="205460777" type="text/json">{"id":205460777,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Pedrolli","domain_name":"unitn","page_name":"CarloPedrolli","display_name":"Carlo Pedrolli","profile_url":"https://unitn.academia.edu/CarloPedrolli?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205460777/66046117/164281024/s65_carlo.pedrolli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78421574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78421574"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78421574, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78421574", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78421574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78421574; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78421574"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78421574 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78421574"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78421574; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78421574]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78421574").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78421574").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78421574"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care">Long Term Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3431" type="text/json">{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry">Anthropometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5018" type="text/json">{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78421574]'), work: {"id":78421574,"title":"Disease-Specific, Versus Standard, Nutritional Support for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial","created_at":"2022-05-04T05:33:56.246-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78421574/Disease_Specific_Versus_Standard_Nutritional_Support_for_the_Treatment_of_Pressure_Ulcers_in_Institutionalized_Older_Adults_A_Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_78421574","summary":"To investigate whether a disease-specific nutritional approach is more beneficial than a standard dietary approach to the healing of pressure ulcers (PUs) in institutionalized elderly patients. DESIGN: Twelve-week follow-up randomized controlled trial (RCT). SETTING: Four long-term care facilities in the province of Como, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight elderly subjects with Stage II, III, and IV PUs of recent onset (o1-month history). INTERVENTION: All 28 patients received 30 kcal/kg per day nutritional support; of these, 15 received standard nutrition (hospital diet or standard enteral formula; 16% calories from protein), whereas 13 were administered a disease-specific nutrition treatment consisting of the standard diet plus a 400-mL oral supplement or specific enteral formula enriched with protein (20% of the total calories), arginine, zinc, and vitamin C (Po.001 for all nutrients vs control). MEASUREMENTS: Ulcer healing was evaluated using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH; 0 5 complete healing, 17 5 greatest severity) tool and area measurement (mm 2 and %). RESULTS: The sampled groups were well matched for age, sex, nutritional status, oral intake, type of feeding, and ulcer severity. After 12 weeks, both groups showed significant improvement (Po.001). The treatment produced a higher rate of healing, the PUSH score revealing a significant difference at Week 12 ( À 6.1 AE 2.7 vs À 3.3 AE 2.4; Po.05) and the reduction in ulcer surface area significantly higher in the treated patients already by Week 8 ( À 1,140.9 AE 669.2 mm 2 vs À 571.7 AE 391.3 mm 2 ; Po.05 and $ 57% vs $ 33%; Po.02). CONCLUSION: The rate of PU healing appears to accelerate when a nutrition formula enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C is administered, making such a formula preferable to a standardized one, but the present data require further confirmation by high-quality RCTs conducted on a larger scale.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85475090,"asset_id":78421574,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":205460777,"first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Pedrolli","domain_name":"unitn","page_name":"CarloPedrolli","display_name":"Carlo Pedrolli","profile_url":"https://unitn.academia.edu/CarloPedrolli?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/205460777/66046117/164281024/s65_carlo.pedrolli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=23890"},{"id":192551,"name":"Nutritional Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutritional_Status?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":352757,"name":"Ascorbic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ascorbic_Acid?f_ri=23890"},{"id":378179,"name":"Institutionalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutionalization?f_ri=23890"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":555120,"name":"Arginine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arginine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":584601,"name":"Chi Square Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chi_Square_Distribution?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1567539,"name":"Energy Intake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Intake?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2500734,"name":"Elderly patient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly_patient?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73342921" data-work_id="73342921" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/73342921/A_validated_capillary_electrophoresis_method_to_check_for_batch_to_batch_consistency_during_recombinant_human_glycosylated_interleukin_7_production_campaigns">A validated capillary electrophoresis method to check for batch-to-batch consistency during recombinant human glycosylated interleukin-7 production campaigns</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work reports the validation of a simple CZE method to be used in quality control of recombinant human glycosylated interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) batches produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The separation buffer was a 25mM sodium... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73342921" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work reports the validation of a simple CZE method to be used in quality control of recombinant human glycosylated interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) batches produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The separation buffer was a 25mM sodium borate at pH 10 containing 12mM diaminobutane (DAB) used as a dynamic coating agent of the capillary. This method allowed the separation of seven peaks ranging from low to high sialylated glycoforms. An extensive study on conditioning methods of the capillary has been conducted to yield repeatable results. Excellent RSD of EOF mobility (less than 0.6%) was obtained when conditioning included capillary equilibration under virtual analyses and storage in 0.1M NaOH overnight. Method specificity has been demonstrated to be able to discriminate different rhIL-7 glycoforms produced in CHO from formulation matrix. Linearity was demonstrated between 0.5 and 4mg/mL. LOQ was 0.5mg/mL. Repeatability (RSD&lt;1.4 and 3.3% for t(m) and A%, respectively), intermed...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73342921" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="161612956" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlahmadY">Yousef Alahmad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="161612956" type="text/json">{"id":161612956,"first_name":"Yousef","last_name":"Alahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlahmadY","display_name":"Yousef Alahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlahmadY?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/161612956/45334190/65999339/s65_yousef.alahmad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73342921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73342921"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73342921, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73342921", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73342921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73342921; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73342921"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73342921 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73342921"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73342921; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73342921]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73342921").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73342921").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73342921"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15375" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capillary_electrophoresis">Capillary electrophoresis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15375" type="text/json">{"id":15375,"name":"Capillary electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capillary_electrophoresis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73342921]'), work: {"id":73342921,"title":"A validated capillary electrophoresis method to check for batch-to-batch consistency during recombinant human glycosylated interleukin-7 production campaigns","created_at":"2022-03-08T12:43:45.625-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73342921/A_validated_capillary_electrophoresis_method_to_check_for_batch_to_batch_consistency_during_recombinant_human_glycosylated_interleukin_7_production_campaigns?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_73342921","summary":"This work reports the validation of a simple CZE method to be used in quality control of recombinant human glycosylated interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) batches produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The separation buffer was a 25mM sodium borate at pH 10 containing 12mM diaminobutane (DAB) used as a dynamic coating agent of the capillary. This method allowed the separation of seven peaks ranging from low to high sialylated glycoforms. An extensive study on conditioning methods of the capillary has been conducted to yield repeatable results. Excellent RSD of EOF mobility (less than 0.6%) was obtained when conditioning included capillary equilibration under virtual analyses and storage in 0.1M NaOH overnight. Method specificity has been demonstrated to be able to discriminate different rhIL-7 glycoforms produced in CHO from formulation matrix. Linearity was demonstrated between 0.5 and 4mg/mL. LOQ was 0.5mg/mL. Repeatability (RSD\u0026lt;1.4 and 3.3% for t(m) and A%, respectively), intermed...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":161612956,"first_name":"Yousef","last_name":"Alahmad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlahmadY","display_name":"Yousef Alahmad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlahmadY?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/161612956/45334190/65999339/s65_yousef.alahmad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":15375,"name":"Capillary electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capillary_electrophoresis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=23890"},{"id":238151,"name":"Glycosylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycosylation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":375296,"name":"Observer Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Observer_Variation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":376308,"name":"Buffers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buffers?f_ri=23890"},{"id":970774,"name":"Ionic Strength","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionic_Strength?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1135814,"name":"Drug Stability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Stability?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1202082,"name":"Critical Parameter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Parameter?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1724033,"name":"EOF","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EOF?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1924712,"name":"Interleukin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interleukin?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1959878,"name":"Electrophoretic Mobility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrophoretic_Mobility?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3004151,"name":"CHO cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHO_cells?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3214915,"name":"Cricetinae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cricetinae?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3841482,"name":"Chinese hamster ovary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chinese_hamster_ovary?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71777381" data-work_id="71777381" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/71777381/Environmental_impact_of_dwellings_in_use_Maintenance_of_fa%C3%A7ade_components">Environmental impact of dwellings in use: Maintenance of façade components</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71777381" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f7b3271b7454f7e239066195e14aaa5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80980907,"asset_id":71777381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80980907/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="75996108" rel="nofollow" href="https://tudelft.academia.edu/LaureItard">Laure Itard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="75996108" type="text/json">{"id":75996108,"first_name":"Laure","last_name":"Itard","domain_name":"tudelft","page_name":"LaureItard","display_name":"Laure Itard","profile_url":"https://tudelft.academia.edu/LaureItard?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71777381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71777381"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71777381, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71777381", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71777381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71777381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71777381"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71777381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71777381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71777381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71777381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71777381").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71777381").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71777381"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="101782" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building">Building</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="101782" type="text/json">{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71777381]'), work: {"id":71777381,"title":"Environmental impact of dwellings in use: Maintenance of façade components","created_at":"2022-02-17T13:42:50.807-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71777381/Environmental_impact_of_dwellings_in_use_Maintenance_of_fa%C3%A7ade_components?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_71777381","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80980907,"asset_id":71777381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":75996108,"first_name":"Laure","last_name":"Itard","domain_name":"tudelft","page_name":"LaureItard","display_name":"Laure Itard","profile_url":"https://tudelft.academia.edu/LaureItard?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=23890"},{"id":382020,"name":"Scenario","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scenario?f_ri=23890"},{"id":385144,"name":"Production Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Process?f_ri=23890"},{"id":488106,"name":"Service Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Life?f_ri=23890"},{"id":503578,"name":"Building Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Environment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":537508,"name":"Window","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Window?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1957240,"name":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ENVIRONMENTAL_SCIENCE_AND_MANAGEMENT?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2936055,"name":"door","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/door?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67225168" data-work_id="67225168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67225168/A_Prospective_Study_of_Anti_Aging_Topical_Therapies_Using_a_Quantitative_Method_of_Assessment">A Prospective Study of Anti-Aging Topical Therapies Using a Quantitative Method of Assessment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the treatment of photoaged skin, glycolic acid works by removing superficial portions of the epidermis and stimulating dermis regeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E should stimulate collagen production and antioxidants should prevent free... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67225168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the treatment of photoaged skin, glycolic acid works by removing superficial portions of the epidermis and stimulating dermis regeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E should stimulate collagen production and antioxidants should prevent free radical damage and skin aging. However, the effectiveness of different therapies has often relied on subjective methods of assessment. Histologic analysis has seldom been used because of the drawback of permanent scarring. In the literature, the use of a quantitative method for the assessment of facial rejuvenation has been described: the silicone replica technique. The authors&#39; aim was to promote and recommend the use of this technique and, in particular, to test the effect of glycolic acid and multivitamin- and antioxidant-based products on skin texture. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study on 30 women treated topically in the outer canthal region (crow&#39;s-feet area). Patients were divided into thr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67225168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85b41f55c68d0a21add9992ab98ece27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78121830,"asset_id":67225168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78121830/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51298174" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RubinoCorrado">Corrado Rubino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51298174" type="text/json">{"id":51298174,"first_name":"Corrado","last_name":"Rubino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RubinoCorrado","display_name":"Corrado Rubino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RubinoCorrado?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67225168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67225168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67225168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67225168", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67225168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67225168; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67225168"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67225168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67225168"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67225168; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67225168]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67225168").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67225168").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67225168"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9532" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamins">Vitamins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9532" type="text/json">{"id":9532,"name":"Vitamins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamins?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10655" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10655" type="text/json">{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11636" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face">Face</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11636" type="text/json">{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14079" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy">Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14079" type="text/json">{"id":14079,"name":"Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67225168]'), work: {"id":67225168,"title":"A Prospective Study of Anti-Aging Topical Therapies Using a Quantitative Method of Assessment","created_at":"2022-01-05T06:00:50.066-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67225168/A_Prospective_Study_of_Anti_Aging_Topical_Therapies_Using_a_Quantitative_Method_of_Assessment?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_67225168","summary":"In the treatment of photoaged skin, glycolic acid works by removing superficial portions of the epidermis and stimulating dermis regeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E should stimulate collagen production and antioxidants should prevent free radical damage and skin aging. However, the effectiveness of different therapies has often relied on subjective methods of assessment. Histologic analysis has seldom been used because of the drawback of permanent scarring. In the literature, the use of a quantitative method for the assessment of facial rejuvenation has been described: the silicone replica technique. The authors\u0026#39; aim was to promote and recommend the use of this technique and, in particular, to test the effect of glycolic acid and multivitamin- and antioxidant-based products on skin texture. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study on 30 women treated topically in the outer canthal region (crow\u0026#39;s-feet area). Patients were divided into thr...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78121830,"asset_id":67225168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51298174,"first_name":"Corrado","last_name":"Rubino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RubinoCorrado","display_name":"Corrado Rubino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RubinoCorrado?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9532,"name":"Vitamins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vitamins?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":10655,"name":"Scanning Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":11636,"name":"Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":14079,"name":"Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scanning_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=23890"},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=23890"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":440833,"name":"Rejuvenation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rejuvenation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":657117,"name":"Skin Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Aging?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1243829,"name":"Quantitative Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Method?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1312754,"name":"Prospective Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_Study?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65442772" data-work_id="65442772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65442772/Determining_the_ecotoxicological_mode_of_action_of_toxic_chemicals_in_meiobenthic_marine_organisms_stage_specific_short_tests_with_Tisbe_battagliai">Determining the ecotoxicological mode of action of toxic chemicals in meiobenthic marine organisms: stage-specific short tests with Tisbe battagliai</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65442772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad26110c2baec4a7f5c650bdd706eb15" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77037621,"asset_id":65442772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77037621/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32618683" href="https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmvmSoares">Amvm Soares</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32618683" type="text/json">{"id":32618683,"first_name":"Amvm","last_name":"Soares","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"AmvmSoares","display_name":"Amvm Soares","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmvmSoares?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65442772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65442772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65442772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65442772", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_65442772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65442772; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_65442772"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_65442772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="65442772"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 65442772; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65442772]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65442772").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65442772").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65442772"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea">Crustacea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7049" type="text/json">{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7666" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history">Life history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7666" type="text/json">{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65442772]'), work: {"id":65442772,"title":"Determining the ecotoxicological mode of action of toxic chemicals in meiobenthic marine organisms: stage-specific short tests with Tisbe battagliai","created_at":"2021-12-22T00:45:56.678-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65442772/Determining_the_ecotoxicological_mode_of_action_of_toxic_chemicals_in_meiobenthic_marine_organisms_stage_specific_short_tests_with_Tisbe_battagliai?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_65442772","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77037621,"asset_id":65442772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32618683,"first_name":"Amvm","last_name":"Soares","domain_name":"aveiro","page_name":"AmvmSoares","display_name":"Amvm Soares","profile_url":"https://aveiro.academia.edu/AmvmSoares?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7049,"name":"Crustacea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crustacea?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7666,"name":"Life history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_history?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":65590,"name":"Pesticide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticide?f_ri=23890"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":85437,"name":"Pesticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pesticides?f_ri=23890"},{"id":140708,"name":"Bioassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioassay?f_ri=23890"},{"id":151945,"name":"Reproductive Success","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Success?f_ri=23890"},{"id":151960,"name":"Clutch Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clutch_Size?f_ri=23890"},{"id":165565,"name":"Cost effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_effectiveness?f_ri=23890"},{"id":331187,"name":"Mode of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mode_of_action?f_ri=23890"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=23890"},{"id":571946,"name":"Coastal waters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coastal_waters?f_ri=23890"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2142568,"name":"Thallophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thallophyta?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2277123,"name":"Reproductive Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproductive_Performance?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63040419" data-work_id="63040419" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63040419/A_comparison_of_spinergy_versus_standard_steel_spoke_wheelchair_wheels">A comparison of spinergy versus standard steel-spoke wheelchair wheels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: To compare the energy efficiency of straightline wheeling using Spinergy wheels as compared with standard steel-spoke wheels, and to assess the 2 wheels in terms of user comfort and wheeling preference during a wheeling course... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63040419" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: To compare the energy efficiency of straightline wheeling using Spinergy wheels as compared with standard steel-spoke wheels, and to assess the 2 wheels in terms of user comfort and wheeling preference during a wheeling course with multiple turns and surfaces. Design: Nonblinded randomized crossover trial. Setting: Rehabilitation center. Participants: Twenty persons with paraplegia (neurologic level T6 and below). Intervention: Wheeling a straight line and obstacle course with Spinergy or standard spoke wheelchair wheels. Main Outcome Measures: Velocity and Physiological Cost Index (PCI) while wheeling over ground at a self-selected pace, and the User Preference Questionnaire after wheeling an obstacle course, using Spinergy or standard spoke wheelchair wheels. Results: There was no significant difference in wheeling energy efficiency between the Spinergy and the steel-spoke wheels as measured by PCI (Pϭ.975). When rated for overall comfort, the Spinergy wheels were preferred over steel-spoke wheels (Pϭ.002). Conclusions: Spinergy wheels provided a more comfortable ride, but did not differ from standard steel-spoked wheels in terms of energy efficiency. The increased comfort may have important implications in patient management of pain and spasticity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63040419" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66789a78c4e22ebfe8d31a406ce7a743" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75600907,"asset_id":63040419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75600907/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42820443" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BonitaSawatzky">Bonita Sawatzky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42820443" type="text/json">{"id":42820443,"first_name":"Bonita","last_name":"Sawatzky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BonitaSawatzky","display_name":"Bonita Sawatzky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BonitaSawatzky?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63040419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63040419"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63040419, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63040419", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63040419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63040419; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63040419"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63040419 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63040419"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63040419; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63040419]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63040419").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63040419").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63040419"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7258" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assistive_Technology">Assistive Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7258" type="text/json">{"id":7258,"name":"Assistive Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assistive_Technology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63040419]'), work: {"id":63040419,"title":"A comparison of spinergy versus standard steel-spoke wheelchair wheels","created_at":"2021-12-02T18:55:32.767-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63040419/A_comparison_of_spinergy_versus_standard_steel_spoke_wheelchair_wheels?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_63040419","summary":"Objectives: To compare the energy efficiency of straightline wheeling using Spinergy wheels as compared with standard steel-spoke wheels, and to assess the 2 wheels in terms of user comfort and wheeling preference during a wheeling course with multiple turns and surfaces. Design: Nonblinded randomized crossover trial. Setting: Rehabilitation center. Participants: Twenty persons with paraplegia (neurologic level T6 and below). Intervention: Wheeling a straight line and obstacle course with Spinergy or standard spoke wheelchair wheels. Main Outcome Measures: Velocity and Physiological Cost Index (PCI) while wheeling over ground at a self-selected pace, and the User Preference Questionnaire after wheeling an obstacle course, using Spinergy or standard spoke wheelchair wheels. Results: There was no significant difference in wheeling energy efficiency between the Spinergy and the steel-spoke wheels as measured by PCI (Pϭ.975). When rated for overall comfort, the Spinergy wheels were preferred over steel-spoke wheels (Pϭ.002). Conclusions: Spinergy wheels provided a more comfortable ride, but did not differ from standard steel-spoked wheels in terms of energy efficiency. The increased comfort may have important implications in patient management of pain and spasticity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75600907,"asset_id":63040419,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42820443,"first_name":"Bonita","last_name":"Sawatzky","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BonitaSawatzky","display_name":"Bonita Sawatzky","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BonitaSawatzky?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7258,"name":"Assistive Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assistive_Technology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":36213,"name":"Energy Metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Metabolism?f_ri=23890"},{"id":44529,"name":"Activities of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=23890"},{"id":63881,"name":"Paraplegia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraplegia?f_ri=23890"},{"id":99837,"name":"Surface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surface?f_ri=23890"},{"id":107874,"name":"User","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User?f_ri=23890"},{"id":131298,"name":"Heart rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_rate?f_ri=23890"},{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":337500,"name":"Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Velocity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":387466,"name":"Multiple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple?f_ri=23890"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=23890"},{"id":557817,"name":"Rehabilitation Centers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rehabilitation_Centers?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1145520,"name":"Equipment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Design?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62632008" data-work_id="62632008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62632008/Male_perpetrated_violence_among_Vietnam_veteran_couples_Relationships_with_veterans_early_life_characteristics_trauma_history_and_PTSD_symptomatology">Male-perpetrated violence among Vietnam veteran couples: Relationships with veteran's early life characteristics, trauma history, and PTSD symptomatology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Using structural equation modeling, we examined the impact of early-life stressors, war-zone stresson, and PTSD symptom seventy on partner's reports of recent male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) among 376 Vietnam veteran... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62632008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Using structural equation modeling, we examined the impact of early-life stressors, war-zone stresson, and PTSD symptom seventy on partner's reports of recent male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) among 376 Vietnam veteran couples. Results indicated that several variables demonstrated direct relationships with IPV, including relationship quality with mother, war-zone stressor variables, and PTSD symptom seventy. Importantly, retrospective reports of a stressful early family life, childhood antisocial behavior, and war-zone stressors were indirectly associated with IPV via PTSD. One of our 2 war-zone stressor variables, perceived threat, had both direct and indirect (through PTSD) relationships with IPV. Experiencing PTSD symptoms as a result of previous trauma appears to increase an individual's risk for perpetrating IPV. Implications for research and treatment are di scussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62632008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e556d013a084c71c5f0fe6061ada2e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75330451,"asset_id":62632008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75330451/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35900593" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KingLynda">Lynda King</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35900593" type="text/json">{"id":35900593,"first_name":"Lynda","last_name":"King","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KingLynda","display_name":"Lynda King","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KingLynda?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62632008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62632008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62632008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62632008", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62632008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62632008; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62632008"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62632008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62632008"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62632008; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62632008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62632008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62632008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62632008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3164" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traumatic_Stress">Traumatic Stress</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3164" type="text/json">{"id":3164,"name":"Traumatic Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traumatic_Stress?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Modeling">Structural Equation Modeling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4885" type="text/json">{"id":4885,"name":"Structural Equation Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Modeling?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62632008]'), work: {"id":62632008,"title":"Male-perpetrated violence among Vietnam veteran couples: Relationships with veteran's early life characteristics, trauma history, and PTSD symptomatology","created_at":"2021-11-28T08:30:58.228-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62632008/Male_perpetrated_violence_among_Vietnam_veteran_couples_Relationships_with_veterans_early_life_characteristics_trauma_history_and_PTSD_symptomatology?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_62632008","summary":"Using structural equation modeling, we examined the impact of early-life stressors, war-zone stresson, and PTSD symptom seventy on partner's reports of recent male-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) among 376 Vietnam veteran couples. Results indicated that several variables demonstrated direct relationships with IPV, including relationship quality with mother, war-zone stressor variables, and PTSD symptom seventy. Importantly, retrospective reports of a stressful early family life, childhood antisocial behavior, and war-zone stressors were indirectly associated with IPV via PTSD. One of our 2 war-zone stressor variables, perceived threat, had both direct and indirect (through PTSD) relationships with IPV. Experiencing PTSD symptoms as a result of previous trauma appears to increase an individual's risk for perpetrating IPV. Implications for research and treatment are di scussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75330451,"asset_id":62632008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35900593,"first_name":"Lynda","last_name":"King","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KingLynda","display_name":"Lynda King","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KingLynda?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3164,"name":"Traumatic Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traumatic_Stress?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4885,"name":"Structural Equation Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Modeling?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=23890"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":46811,"name":"Intimate Partner Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intimate_Partner_Violence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":61861,"name":"Relationship Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relationship_Quality?f_ri=23890"},{"id":95411,"name":"Personality Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Development?f_ri=23890"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=23890"},{"id":174464,"name":"Social Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Environment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":214510,"name":"Structural Equation Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Equation_Model?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":388060,"name":"Antisocial Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antisocial_Behavior?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2618448,"name":"Family Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Characteristics?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2907143,"name":"Spouse abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spouse_abuse?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3269466,"name":"Medical History Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History_Taking?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48694861" data-work_id="48694861" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48694861/Biomechanical_Comparison_of_Tibial_Eminence_Fracture_Fixation_With_High_Strength_Suture_EndoButton_and_Suture_Anchor">Biomechanical Comparison of Tibial Eminence Fracture Fixation With High-Strength Suture, EndoButton, and Suture Anchor</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To biomechanically compare anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial bony avulsion fixation by suture anchors, EndoButtons (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA), and high-strength sutures subjected to cyclic loading. Methods: Type III tibial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48694861" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To biomechanically compare anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial bony avulsion fixation by suture anchors, EndoButtons (Smith & Nephew, Andover, MA), and high-strength sutures subjected to cyclic loading. Methods: Type III tibial eminence fractures were created in 49 ovine knees, and 7 different types of repairs were performed. Each repair group contained 7 specimens. The repair groups were as follows: No.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48694861" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da121ab2466960c693401a026bbd851d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67175146,"asset_id":48694861,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67175146/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50215856" href="https://mku.academia.edu/serkandavul">serkan davul</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50215856" type="text/json">{"id":50215856,"first_name":"serkan","last_name":"davul","domain_name":"mku","page_name":"serkandavul","display_name":"serkan davul","profile_url":"https://mku.academia.edu/serkandavul?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48694861 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48694861"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48694861, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48694861", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48694861 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48694861; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48694861"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48694861 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48694861"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48694861; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48694861]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48694861").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48694861").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48694861"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="628" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery">Orthopedic Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="628" type="text/json">{"id":628,"name":"Orthopedic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture">Fracture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6637" type="text/json">{"id":6637,"name":"Fracture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48694861]'), work: {"id":48694861,"title":"Biomechanical Comparison of Tibial Eminence Fracture Fixation With High-Strength Suture, EndoButton, and Suture Anchor","created_at":"2021-05-05T05:20:50.480-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48694861/Biomechanical_Comparison_of_Tibial_Eminence_Fracture_Fixation_With_High_Strength_Suture_EndoButton_and_Suture_Anchor?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_48694861","summary":"To biomechanically compare anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial bony avulsion fixation by suture anchors, EndoButtons (Smith \u0026 Nephew, Andover, MA), and high-strength sutures subjected to cyclic loading. Methods: Type III tibial eminence fractures were created in 49 ovine knees, and 7 different types of repairs were performed. Each repair group contained 7 specimens. The repair groups were as follows: No.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67175146,"asset_id":48694861,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50215856,"first_name":"serkan","last_name":"davul","domain_name":"mku","page_name":"serkandavul","display_name":"serkan davul","profile_url":"https://mku.academia.edu/serkandavul?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":628,"name":"Orthopedic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orthopedic_Surgery?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":6637,"name":"Fracture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":48627,"name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament?f_ri=23890"},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=23890"},{"id":118122,"name":"Arthroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arthroscopy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":161176,"name":"The","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The?f_ri=23890"},{"id":183397,"name":"Cyclic Loading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclic_Loading?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1144130,"name":"Weight Bearing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Bearing?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2463495,"name":"Random Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Allocation?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47491367" data-work_id="47491367" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47491367/Evaluation_of_alternative_reference_toxicants_for_use_in_the_earthworm_toxicity_test">Evaluation of alternative reference toxicants for use in the earthworm toxicity test</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of the 14-d earthworm toxicity test to aid in the evaluation of the ecological impact of contaminated soils is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the method is in need of further standardization. As part of this continuing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47491367" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of the 14-d earthworm toxicity test to aid in the evaluation of the ecological impact of contaminated soils is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the method is in need of further standardization. As part of this continuing process, the choice of reference toxicants was evaluated. Reference toxicants were rated in relation to the following criteria: (a) reproducibility, (b) low human health hazard, (c) feasibility of measurement, and (d) chemical stability. Potassium chloride (KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH,CI) were evaluated as possible alternatives to the one currently in common use, 2-chloroacetamide. Potassium chloride rated the best for the combination of the four criteria, followed by NH4C1 and 2-chloroacetamide. Coefficients of variation (C.V.s) from control charts of six definitive tests were used to measure reproducibility. The best reproducibility (lowest C.V.) was shown by KC1, followed by NH4C1 and 2-chloroacetamide. Toxicants ranked KCl < NH4C1 << 2-chloroacetamide in terms of health hazard; and KC1 = NH,Cl> 2-chloroacetamide in terms of measurement feasibility. Both 2-chloroacetamide and NH,Cl changed in concentration during testing. Evidence is also presented that 2-chloroacetamide degrades rapidly during testing, and that, as dead worms decay, ammonification may be adding another toxicant, ammonia, to tests.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47491367" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fde4a8e15f2ab78986bf097c1622055" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66556673,"asset_id":47491367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66556673/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="162273869" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerYeardley">Roger Yeardley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="162273869" type="text/json">{"id":162273869,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Yeardley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerYeardley","display_name":"Roger Yeardley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerYeardley?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47491367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47491367"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47491367, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47491367", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47491367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47491367; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47491367"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47491367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47491367"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47491367; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47491367]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47491367").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47491367").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47491367"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47477" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution">Soil Pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47477" type="text/json">{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47491367]'), work: {"id":47491367,"title":"Evaluation of alternative reference toxicants for use in the earthworm toxicity test","created_at":"2021-04-22T12:38:18.687-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47491367/Evaluation_of_alternative_reference_toxicants_for_use_in_the_earthworm_toxicity_test?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_47491367","summary":"The use of the 14-d earthworm toxicity test to aid in the evaluation of the ecological impact of contaminated soils is becoming increasingly widespread. However, the method is in need of further standardization. As part of this continuing process, the choice of reference toxicants was evaluated. Reference toxicants were rated in relation to the following criteria: (a) reproducibility, (b) low human health hazard, (c) feasibility of measurement, and (d) chemical stability. Potassium chloride (KCl) and ammonium chloride (NH,CI) were evaluated as possible alternatives to the one currently in common use, 2-chloroacetamide. Potassium chloride rated the best for the combination of the four criteria, followed by NH4C1 and 2-chloroacetamide. Coefficients of variation (C.V.s) from control charts of six definitive tests were used to measure reproducibility. The best reproducibility (lowest C.V.) was shown by KC1, followed by NH4C1 and 2-chloroacetamide. Toxicants ranked KCl \u003c NH4C1 \u003c\u003c 2-chloroacetamide in terms of health hazard; and KC1 = NH,Cl\u003e 2-chloroacetamide in terms of measurement feasibility. Both 2-chloroacetamide and NH,Cl changed in concentration during testing. Evidence is also presented that 2-chloroacetamide degrades rapidly during testing, and that, as dead worms decay, ammonification may be adding another toxicant, ammonia, to tests.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66556673,"asset_id":47491367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":162273869,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Yeardley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RogerYeardley","display_name":"Roger Yeardley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RogerYeardley?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":67405,"name":"Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":184682,"name":"Coefficient of Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coefficient_of_Variation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=23890"},{"id":268788,"name":"Human health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_health?f_ri=23890"},{"id":283330,"name":"Contaminated soil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contaminated_soil?f_ri=23890"},{"id":299902,"name":"Standard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard?f_ri=23890"},{"id":431159,"name":"Ecological Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Impact?f_ri=23890"},{"id":483305,"name":"Control chart","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_chart?f_ri=23890"},{"id":538342,"name":"Pollutant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pollutant?f_ri=23890"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1173524,"name":"Etalon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etalon?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1295914,"name":"Potassium Chloride","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium_Chloride?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1630999,"name":"Toxicity Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicity_Testing?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47198405" data-work_id="47198405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47198405/Ultra_structure_of_pre_synaptic_input_to_motor_neurons_in_Onufs_nucleus_controls_and_motor_neuron_disease">Ultra structure of pre-synaptic input to motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus: controls and motor neuron disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47198405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to motor neuron disease (MND). Neurons in specified locations within Onuf's nucleus of control subjects ranged between 17.8 and 71.7 pm diameter (mean 38.6 pm). Analyses of synaptology revealed five ultrastructural classes of presynaptic terminal synapsing with the neuronal surface membrane. When classified by size, vesicle morphology, and synaptic site structure these conformed to the S , F, T, M and Cterminals defining somatic motoneurons. No terminals characteristic of autonomic motoneurons were found. In MND subjects, neurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were preserved despite a paucity of neurons in medial and lateral motor nuclei and were of similar size range to those in control subjects. The morphological classes of pre-synaptic terminal found in controls, also characterized sphincteric motoneurons in MND subjects, including the C-type terminal. The presence of C-terminals indicates (i) that sphincteric motoneurons are somatic alphamotoneurons, and (ii) that hypotheses explaining the survival of sphincteric motoneurons in MND on the basis of Onuf's nucleus being an extension of the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus, or having intrinsic autonomic properties are incorrect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47198405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5e4fad19c3c5cfddb0b74eefd647eca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66418604,"asset_id":47198405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66418604/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32461255" href="https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash">Michael Swash</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32461255" type="text/json">{"id":32461255,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Swash","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"MichaelSwash","display_name":"Michael Swash","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47198405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47198405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47198405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47198405", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47198405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47198405; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47198405"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47198405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47198405"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47198405; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47198405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47198405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47198405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47198405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology">Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165" type="text/json">{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy">Electron Microscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2184" type="text/json">{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron">Motor neuron</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11271" type="text/json">{"id":11271,"name":"Motor neuron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47198405]'), work: {"id":47198405,"title":"Ultra structure of pre-synaptic input to motor neurons in Onuf's nucleus: controls and motor neuron disease","created_at":"2021-04-21T05:51:48.354-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47198405/Ultra_structure_of_pre_synaptic_input_to_motor_neurons_in_Onufs_nucleus_controls_and_motor_neuron_disease?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_47198405","summary":"Ultrastructural analyses of sphincteric motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were undertaken in human spinal cord obtained 3-6 h post-mortem from three subjects with no neurological disease ('controls') and five in which death was due to motor neuron disease (MND). Neurons in specified locations within Onuf's nucleus of control subjects ranged between 17.8 and 71.7 pm diameter (mean 38.6 pm). Analyses of synaptology revealed five ultrastructural classes of presynaptic terminal synapsing with the neuronal surface membrane. When classified by size, vesicle morphology, and synaptic site structure these conformed to the S , F, T, M and Cterminals defining somatic motoneurons. No terminals characteristic of autonomic motoneurons were found. In MND subjects, neurons in Onuf's nucleus at S2 were preserved despite a paucity of neurons in medial and lateral motor nuclei and were of similar size range to those in control subjects. The morphological classes of pre-synaptic terminal found in controls, also characterized sphincteric motoneurons in MND subjects, including the C-type terminal. The presence of C-terminals indicates (i) that sphincteric motoneurons are somatic alphamotoneurons, and (ii) that hypotheses explaining the survival of sphincteric motoneurons in MND on the basis of Onuf's nucleus being an extension of the pre-ganglionic parasympathetic nucleus, or having intrinsic autonomic properties are incorrect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66418604,"asset_id":47198405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32461255,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Swash","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"MichaelSwash","display_name":"Michael Swash","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/MichaelSwash?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":165,"name":"Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2184,"name":"Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":11271,"name":"Motor neuron","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_neuron?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":99421,"name":"Spinal Cord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinal_Cord?f_ri=23890"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=23890"},{"id":212476,"name":"Ultrastructure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ultrastructure?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":418263,"name":"SYNAPSES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SYNAPSES?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1182947,"name":"Axons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Axons?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2552788,"name":"Motor Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motor_Neurons?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47071281" data-work_id="47071281" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47071281/Exploring_rural_community_agency_differences_in_Ireland_and_Pennsylvania">Exploring rural community agency differences in Ireland and Pennsylvania</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The role of community agency in the rural community and economic development processes needs to be better understood in America and other advanced, industrialized nations. Community agency is vital to protecting, retaining, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47071281" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The role of community agency in the rural community and economic development processes needs to be better understood in America and other advanced, industrialized nations. Community agency is vital to protecting, retaining, and maintaining rural communities. A comparative study was designed to explore the role of community agency in contributing to local well-being in Ireland and America. This role was evaluated through the use of a multiple method framework based on extensive key informant interviews, focus groups, and analysis of household survey data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47071281" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1225e8b61c473b2443aca249259f46a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66361364,"asset_id":47071281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66361364/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28978287" href="https://psu-us.academia.edu/ALuloff">A. Luloff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28978287" type="text/json">{"id":28978287,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Luloff","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ALuloff","display_name":"A. Luloff","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ALuloff?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47071281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47071281"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47071281, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47071281", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47071281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47071281; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47071281"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47071281 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47071281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47071281; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47071281]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47071281").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47071281").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47071281"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4715" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction">Social Interaction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4715" type="text/json">{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11395" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development">Economic Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11395" type="text/json">{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47071281]'), work: {"id":47071281,"title":"Exploring rural community agency differences in Ireland and Pennsylvania","created_at":"2021-04-20T16:45:11.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47071281/Exploring_rural_community_agency_differences_in_Ireland_and_Pennsylvania?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_47071281","summary":"The role of community agency in the rural community and economic development processes needs to be better understood in America and other advanced, industrialized nations. Community agency is vital to protecting, retaining, and maintaining rural communities. A comparative study was designed to explore the role of community agency in contributing to local well-being in Ireland and America. This role was evaluated through the use of a multiple method framework based on extensive key informant interviews, focus groups, and analysis of household survey data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66361364,"asset_id":47071281,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28978287,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Luloff","domain_name":"psu-us","page_name":"ALuloff","display_name":"A. Luloff","profile_url":"https://psu-us.academia.edu/ALuloff?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":11395,"name":"Economic Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Development?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":20436,"name":"Urban And Regional Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_And_Regional_Planning?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":113272,"name":"Focus Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Group?f_ri=23890"},{"id":340620,"name":"Rural studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":406051,"name":"Regression Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Model?f_ri=23890"},{"id":586327,"name":"Household Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Household_Survey?f_ri=23890"},{"id":653722,"name":"Rural Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Community?f_ri=23890"},{"id":976170,"name":"Social Ties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Ties?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43673064" data-work_id="43673064" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43673064/The_protein_encoded_by_the_Shewanella_colwellianamelA_gene_is_a_p_hydroxyphenylpyruvate_dioxygenase">The protein encoded by the Shewanella colwellianamelA gene is a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The identity of the product of the meL4 gene from Shewanella colwelliana with the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic dioxygenase is shown. Cloning of the melA gene endowed Escherichia coli with the capacity to synthesize melanin-like pigments... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43673064" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The identity of the product of the meL4 gene from Shewanella colwelliana with the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic dioxygenase is shown. Cloning of the melA gene endowed Escherichia coli with the capacity to synthesize melanin-like pigments from L-tyrosine. E. coli contained transaminases that transforms L-tyrosine into p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. This keto acid was detected in the cultures. On the other hand, E. coli containing melA was able to go further in the catabolic pathway, releasing a great amount of homogentisic acid. This acid can spontaneously polymerize giving the pigment. Furthermore, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity was detected in this system. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a high homology with the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme from different organisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43673064" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e8cd23737188ae735f30a48b3f670796" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63974972,"asset_id":43673064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63974972/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44233801" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoFuentesSolano">Francisco Fuentes Solano</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44233801" type="text/json">{"id":44233801,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Fuentes Solano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoFuentesSolano","display_name":"Francisco Fuentes Solano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoFuentesSolano?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44233801/12254078/13645231/s65_francisco.fuentes_solano.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43673064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43673064"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43673064, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43673064", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43673064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43673064; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43673064"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43673064 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43673064"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43673064; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43673064]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43673064").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43673064").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43673064"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1877" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigmentation">Pigmentation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1877" type="text/json">{"id":1877,"name":"Pigmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigmentation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanin">Melanin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7631" type="text/json">{"id":7631,"name":"Melanin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanin?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32153" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Analysis">Structural Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32153" type="text/json">{"id":32153,"name":"Structural Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Analysis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43673064]'), work: {"id":43673064,"title":"The protein encoded by the Shewanella colwellianamelA gene is a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase","created_at":"2020-07-20T12:46:07.026-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43673064/The_protein_encoded_by_the_Shewanella_colwellianamelA_gene_is_a_p_hydroxyphenylpyruvate_dioxygenase?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_43673064","summary":"The identity of the product of the meL4 gene from Shewanella colwelliana with the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic dioxygenase is shown. Cloning of the melA gene endowed Escherichia coli with the capacity to synthesize melanin-like pigments from L-tyrosine. E. coli contained transaminases that transforms L-tyrosine into p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. This keto acid was detected in the cultures. On the other hand, E. coli containing melA was able to go further in the catabolic pathway, releasing a great amount of homogentisic acid. This acid can spontaneously polymerize giving the pigment. Furthermore, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity was detected in this system. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a high homology with the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme from different organisms.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63974972,"asset_id":43673064,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44233801,"first_name":"Francisco","last_name":"Fuentes Solano","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FranciscoFuentesSolano","display_name":"Francisco Fuentes Solano","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FranciscoFuentesSolano?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44233801/12254078/13645231/s65_francisco.fuentes_solano.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1877,"name":"Pigmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigmentation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7631,"name":"Melanin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanin?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":32153,"name":"Structural Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Analysis?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=23890"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=23890"},{"id":181936,"name":"Gene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene?f_ri=23890"},{"id":316015,"name":"Gen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gen?f_ri=23890"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":975498,"name":"Melanine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melanine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37089405" data-work_id="37089405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37089405/The_effects_of_computer_versus_paper_and_pencil_administration_on_measures_of_anger_and_revenge_with_an_inmate_population">The effects of computer versus paper-and-pencil administration on measures of anger and revenge with an inmate population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A current issue in personality assessment is whether computer versions of personality tests are psychometrically equivalent to paper-and-pencil originals. A total of 52 male inmates were randomly assigned to computer or paper-and-pencil... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37089405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A current issue in personality assessment is whether computer versions of personality tests are psychometrically equivalent to paper-and-pencil originals. A total of 52 male inmates were randomly assigned to computer or paper-and-pencil administration conditions. The following measures were administered to the inmates in either computer or paper-and-pencil formats: the trait section of the State-Trait Personality Inventory , the Anger Expression Scale , the Belief Scale , and the Vengeance Scale . No mean or variance differences were found indicating that computer and paper-and-pencil versions of these instruments are essentially equivalent. Analyses which examined the effects of computer anxiety, preference for computer administration and social desirability also indicated equivalency. The findings of this study, although indicating the equivalency of a number of measures, do not support the use of computer versions of other paperand-pencil instruments without prior demonstration of their equivalency with the population of interest. The pervasive social desirability contamination found in this study brings into question the validity of assessments of incarcerated individuals regardless of administration modality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37089405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f10668d04a4f1dcd1ecd85f8fa553ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57041104,"asset_id":37089405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57041104/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54490521" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RVitelli">Romeo Vitelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54490521" type="text/json">{"id":54490521,"first_name":"Romeo","last_name":"Vitelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RVitelli","display_name":"Romeo Vitelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RVitelli?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54490521/14371916/15295267/s65_romeo.vitelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37089405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37089405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37089405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37089405", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37089405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37089405; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37089405"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37089405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37089405"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37089405; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37089405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37089405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37089405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37089405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37089405]'), work: {"id":37089405,"title":"The effects of computer versus paper-and-pencil administration on measures of anger and revenge with an inmate population","created_at":"2018-07-20T18:14:58.947-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37089405/The_effects_of_computer_versus_paper_and_pencil_administration_on_measures_of_anger_and_revenge_with_an_inmate_population?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_37089405","summary":"A current issue in personality assessment is whether computer versions of personality tests are psychometrically equivalent to paper-and-pencil originals. A total of 52 male inmates were randomly assigned to computer or paper-and-pencil administration conditions. The following measures were administered to the inmates in either computer or paper-and-pencil formats: the trait section of the State-Trait Personality Inventory , the Anger Expression Scale , the Belief Scale , and the Vengeance Scale . No mean or variance differences were found indicating that computer and paper-and-pencil versions of these instruments are essentially equivalent. Analyses which examined the effects of computer anxiety, preference for computer administration and social desirability also indicated equivalency. The findings of this study, although indicating the equivalency of a number of measures, do not support the use of computer versions of other paperand-pencil instruments without prior demonstration of their equivalency with the population of interest. The pervasive social desirability contamination found in this study brings into question the validity of assessments of incarcerated individuals regardless of administration modality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57041104,"asset_id":37089405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54490521,"first_name":"Romeo","last_name":"Vitelli","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RVitelli","display_name":"Romeo Vitelli","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RVitelli?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54490521/14371916/15295267/s65_romeo.vitelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":52697,"name":"Social Desirability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Desirability?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1011475,"name":"Computers In Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computers_In_Human_Behavior?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33140275" data-work_id="33140275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33140275/Visual_rating_and_volumetry_of_the_medial_temporal_lobe_on_magnetic_resonance_imaging_in_dementia_a_comparative_study">Visual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives-It has been shown that atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex shown on MRI may distinguish patients with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. However, the diagnostic value... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33140275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives-It has been shown that atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex shown on MRI may distinguish patients with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. However, the diagnostic value of visual inspection and volumetry of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) on MRI in a clinical setting is insuYciently known. Methods-Medial temporal lobe atrophy in 143 patients was visually rated from hard copies, using a 0-4 rating scale and a comparison was made with the volumes (cm 3 ) of the medial temporal lobe as estimated with volumetry, using a stereological method. All patients were recruited in an unselected way in a clinical setting in the centre for memory impairments at the Huddinge University Hospital. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=41), patients with other dementias (vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and unspecified dementia; n=36) as well as non-demented subjects (n=66) were included. Medial temporal atrophy and volumetry were evaluated as a diagnostic tool by performing logistic regression analysis including age, sex, and mini mental state examination (MMSE) score and calculating the sensitivity and specificity and percentage correct classification.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33140275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ebdc66f7508258eef7be4d578ff0808" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53230681,"asset_id":33140275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53230681/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="64605148" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PerJulin">Per Julin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="64605148" type="text/json">{"id":64605148,"first_name":"Per","last_name":"Julin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PerJulin","display_name":"Per Julin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PerJulin?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33140275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33140275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33140275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33140275", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33140275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33140275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33140275"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33140275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33140275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33140275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33140275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33140275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33140275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33140275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="623" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology">Neurology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="623" type="text/json">{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology">Radiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="640" type="text/json">{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33140275]'), work: {"id":33140275,"title":"Visual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study","created_at":"2017-05-22T05:23:27.437-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33140275/Visual_rating_and_volumetry_of_the_medial_temporal_lobe_on_magnetic_resonance_imaging_in_dementia_a_comparative_study?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_33140275","summary":"Objectives-It has been shown that atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex shown on MRI may distinguish patients with Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. However, the diagnostic value of visual inspection and volumetry of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) on MRI in a clinical setting is insuYciently known. Methods-Medial temporal lobe atrophy in 143 patients was visually rated from hard copies, using a 0-4 rating scale and a comparison was made with the volumes (cm 3 ) of the medial temporal lobe as estimated with volumetry, using a stereological method. All patients were recruited in an unselected way in a clinical setting in the centre for memory impairments at the Huddinge University Hospital. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (n=41), patients with other dementias (vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and unspecified dementia; n=36) as well as non-demented subjects (n=66) were included. Medial temporal atrophy and volumetry were evaluated as a diagnostic tool by performing logistic regression analysis including age, sex, and mini mental state examination (MMSE) score and calculating the sensitivity and specificity and percentage correct classification.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53230681,"asset_id":33140275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":64605148,"first_name":"Per","last_name":"Julin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PerJulin","display_name":"Per Julin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PerJulin?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":57557,"name":"Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=23890"},{"id":97766,"name":"Vascular dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_dementia?f_ri=23890"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":212320,"name":"Logistic Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression_Analysis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":245071,"name":"Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scale?f_ri=23890"},{"id":254133,"name":"Mini Mental State Examination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mini_Mental_State_Examination?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":319071,"name":"Entorhinal Cortex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Entorhinal_Cortex?f_ri=23890"},{"id":357850,"name":"Atrophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atrophy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":430721,"name":"Frontotemporal Dementia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frontotemporal_Dementia?f_ri=23890"},{"id":609835,"name":"Medial Temporal Lobe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medial_Temporal_Lobe?f_ri=23890"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1120234,"name":"Alzheimer Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alzheimer_Disease?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2364406,"name":"Visual Inspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Inspection?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2439414,"name":"Magnetic resonance image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_image?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4494808" data-work_id="4494808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4494808/Evaluation_of_Subjective_Mental_Workload_A_Comparison_of_SWAT_NASA_TLX_and_Workload_Profile_Methods">Evaluation of Subjective Mental Workload: A Comparison of SWAT, NASA-TLX, and Workload Profile Methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">and simultaneously (dual task). The results of the ANOVAs performed showed that there are no differences with regard to the three instruments' intrusiveness, and that among the three subjective workload instruments WP has an outstanding... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4494808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">and simultaneously (dual task). The results of the ANOVAs performed showed that there are no differences with regard to the three instruments' intrusiveness, and that among the three subjective workload instruments WP has an outstanding sensitivity to the different task manipulations. To evaluate the diagnosticity of each of the three instruments canonical discriminant analysis was used, and this demonstrated that the three multidimensional ratings provided diagnostic information on the nature of tasks demands that was consistent with the a priori task characterisation. However, the diagnostic power of WP was clearly superior to that obtained using TLX or SWAT. Pearson correlations between each performance and each subjective workload measure were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity of each instrument with task performance, and to assess the convergent validity of the instruments. The three coefficients were positive and near to one, showing the high convergent validity of the three instruments considered in this research. Implementation requirements and subject acceptability were also compared. Finally, practical implications on the three assessment approaches are mentioned.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4494808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1762b3d33e12fc1f531338d692a5f2be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31893623,"asset_id":4494808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31893623/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5570866" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jes%C3%BAsmartin">jesús martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5570866" type="text/json">{"id":5570866,"first_name":"jesús","last_name":"martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jesúsmartin","display_name":"jesús martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jes%C3%BAsmartin?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5570866/27812941/26095834/s65_jes_s.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4494808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4494808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4494808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4494808", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4494808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4494808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4494808"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4494808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4494808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4494808; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4494808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4494808").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4494808").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4494808"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="223" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology">Applied Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="223" type="text/json">{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4494808]'), work: {"id":4494808,"title":"Evaluation of Subjective Mental Workload: A Comparison of SWAT, NASA-TLX, and Workload Profile Methods","created_at":"2013-09-15T19:33:35.971-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4494808/Evaluation_of_Subjective_Mental_Workload_A_Comparison_of_SWAT_NASA_TLX_and_Workload_Profile_Methods?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_4494808","summary":"and simultaneously (dual task). The results of the ANOVAs performed showed that there are no differences with regard to the three instruments' intrusiveness, and that among the three subjective workload instruments WP has an outstanding sensitivity to the different task manipulations. To evaluate the diagnosticity of each of the three instruments canonical discriminant analysis was used, and this demonstrated that the three multidimensional ratings provided diagnostic information on the nature of tasks demands that was consistent with the a priori task characterisation. However, the diagnostic power of WP was clearly superior to that obtained using TLX or SWAT. Pearson correlations between each performance and each subjective workload measure were calculated to evaluate the concurrent validity of each instrument with task performance, and to assess the convergent validity of the instruments. The three coefficients were positive and near to one, showing the high convergent validity of the three instruments considered in this research. Implementation requirements and subject acceptability were also compared. Finally, practical implications on the three assessment approaches are mentioned.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31893623,"asset_id":4494808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5570866,"first_name":"jesús","last_name":"martin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jesúsmartin","display_name":"jesús martin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jes%C3%BAsmartin?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5570866/27812941/26095834/s65_jes_s.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":223,"name":"Applied Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=23890"},{"id":172784,"name":"Workload","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Workload?f_ri=23890"},{"id":735734,"name":"Mental Workload","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Workload?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4804622" data-work_id="4804622" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4804622/Thermal_properties_of_polymers_by_non_steady_state_techniques">Thermal properties of polymers by non-steady-state techniques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">N O R M A S E M É T O D O S Introdução Durante o processo de extrusão o polímero experimenta uma complicada história térmica . No trajeto inicial da extrusora, as partículas sólidas do polímero são aquecidas até o ponto de fusão. Na... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4804622" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">N O R M A S E M É T O D O S Introdução Durante o processo de extrusão o polímero experimenta uma complicada história térmica . No trajeto inicial da extrusora, as partículas sólidas do polímero são aquecidas até o ponto de fusão. Na região intermediária, a temperatura do polímero fundido é aumentada até um nível considerável acima do ponto de fusão, enquanto as partículas sólidas remanescentes continuam sendo aquecidas até a sua fusão. Na região final da extrusora, o polímero fundido tem que alcançar um estado termicamente homogêneo. Quando o material deixa a extrusora ele é, então, resfriado normalmente até a temperatura ambiente. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que o conhecimento das propriedades térmicas de polímeros é crucial na descrição e análise do processo de extrusão.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4804622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a0d4b50d49644e592205fc4a9e523ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49625908,"asset_id":4804622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49625908/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6208352" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wilsonsantos3">wilson santos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6208352" type="text/json">{"id":6208352,"first_name":"wilson","last_name":"santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilsonsantos3","display_name":"wilson santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilsonsantos3?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4804622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4804622"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4804622, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4804622", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4804622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4804622; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4804622"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4804622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4804622"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4804622; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4804622]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4804622").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4804622").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4804622"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7947" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design">Engineering Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7947" type="text/json">{"id":7947,"name":"Engineering Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8067" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer">Heat Transfer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8067" type="text/json">{"id":8067,"name":"Heat Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4804622]'), work: {"id":4804622,"title":"Thermal properties of polymers by non-steady-state techniques","created_at":"2013-10-17T18:39:23.662-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4804622/Thermal_properties_of_polymers_by_non_steady_state_techniques?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_4804622","summary":"N O R M A S E M É T O D O S Introdução Durante o processo de extrusão o polímero experimenta uma complicada história térmica . No trajeto inicial da extrusora, as partículas sólidas do polímero são aquecidas até o ponto de fusão. Na região intermediária, a temperatura do polímero fundido é aumentada até um nível considerável acima do ponto de fusão, enquanto as partículas sólidas remanescentes continuam sendo aquecidas até a sua fusão. Na região final da extrusora, o polímero fundido tem que alcançar um estado termicamente homogêneo. Quando o material deixa a extrusora ele é, então, resfriado normalmente até a temperatura ambiente. Pode-se concluir, portanto, que o conhecimento das propriedades térmicas de polímeros é crucial na descrição e análise do processo de extrusão.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49625908,"asset_id":4804622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6208352,"first_name":"wilson","last_name":"santos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilsonsantos3","display_name":"wilson santos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilsonsantos3?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7947,"name":"Engineering Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Design?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":8067,"name":"Heat Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heat_Transfer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":134653,"name":"THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THERMAL_DIFFUSIVITY?f_ri=23890"},{"id":234860,"name":"Steady state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steady_state?f_ri=23890"},{"id":246758,"name":"Thermal Conductivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Conductivity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":247487,"name":"Temperature Dependence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature_Dependence?f_ri=23890"},{"id":396373,"name":"Differential Scanning Calorimeter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Scanning_Calorimeter?f_ri=23890"},{"id":411663,"name":"Polímeros","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pol%C3%ADmeros?f_ri=23890"},{"id":742212,"name":"Polymer Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Testing?f_ri=23890"},{"id":827572,"name":"Specific Heat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Heat?f_ri=23890"},{"id":854553,"name":"Thermal Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Properties?f_ri=23890"},{"id":856612,"name":"Polimeros","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polimeros?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1032175,"name":"Bulk Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bulk_Density?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1228946,"name":"Physical Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Properties?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1724844,"name":"Molecular Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Structure?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4930763" data-work_id="4930763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4930763/Prasugrel_versus_Clopidogrel_in_Patients_with_Acute_Coronary_Syndromes">Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine is a cornerstone of treatment to prevent thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4930763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee19c66d3d0e2717efb6fc3259a71dcc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32190523,"asset_id":4930763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32190523/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6470805" href="https://tsinghua.academia.edu/11">1 1</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6470805" type="text/json">{"id":6470805,"first_name":"1","last_name":"1","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"11","display_name":"1 1","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/11?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6470805/2609597/3031237/s65_1.1.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4930763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4930763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4930763", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4930763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4930763"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4930763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4930763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4930763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4930763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4930763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4930763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke">Stroke</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61234" type="text/json">{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4930763]'), work: {"id":4930763,"title":"Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes","created_at":"2013-10-29T19:24:44.902-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4930763/Prasugrel_versus_Clopidogrel_in_Patients_with_Acute_Coronary_Syndromes?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_4930763","summary":"Dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine is a cornerstone of treatment to prevent thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32190523,"asset_id":4930763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6470805,"first_name":"1","last_name":"1","domain_name":"tsinghua","page_name":"11","display_name":"1 1","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/11?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6470805/2609597/3031237/s65_1.1.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":64461,"name":"Prodrugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prodrugs?f_ri=23890"},{"id":195985,"name":"Aspirin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspirin?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":300876,"name":"Acute Coronary Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Coronary_Syndrome?f_ri=23890"},{"id":350852,"name":"Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Percutaneous_Coronary_Intervention?f_ri=23890"},{"id":378016,"name":"Myocardial Infarction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myocardial_Infarction?f_ri=23890"},{"id":496063,"name":"Thrombosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrombosis?f_ri=23890"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1004785,"name":"Hemorrhage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemorrhage?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1161066,"name":"New England Journalof Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_Journalof_Medicine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27837695" data-work_id="27837695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27837695/Five_year_alcohol_and_drug_treatment_outcomes_of_older_adults_versus_middle_aged_and_younger_adults_in_a_managed_care_program">Five-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes of older adults versus middle-aged and younger adults in a managed care program</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims This study compared 5-year treatment outcomes of older adults to thoseof middle-aged and younger adults in a large managed care chemical dependency program. We examined age group differences in individual, treatment and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27837695" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims This study compared 5-year treatment outcomes of older adults to thoseof middle-aged and younger adults in a large managed care chemical dependency program. We examined age group differences in individual, treatment and extra-treatment factors, which may influence long-term outcome. Design Seventy-seven per cent of original study participants completed a telephone interview 5 years after out-patient chemical dependency treatment at Kaiser Permanente. This sample (N = 925) included 65 patients aged 55-77, 296 patients aged 40-54 and 564 patients aged 18-39 (age at baseline). Measurements Measures at follow-up included alcohol and drug use, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale, social resource and self-reported health questions. Mortality data were obtained from contact with family members of patients as well as automated health plan records. Findings Older adults were less likely to be drug-dependent at baseline than younger and middle-aged adults, and had longer retention in treatment than younger adults. At 5 years, older adults were less likely than younger adults to have close family or friends who encouraged alcohol or drug use. Fifty-two per cent of older adults reported total abstinence from alcohol and drugs in the previous 30 days versus 40% of younger adults. Older women had higher 30-day abstinence than older men or younger women. Among participants dependent only on alcohol, there were no significant age differences in 30-day abstinence. In logistic regression analysis, age group was not significant. Variables associated with greater age that independently predicted 30-day abstinence in the logistic regression model eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. included longer retention in treatment and having no close family or friends who encouraged alcohol or drug use at 5 years: female gender was also significant. Conclusions Results indicate that older adults have favorable long-term outcome following treatment relative to younger adults, but these differences may be accounted for by variables associated with age such as type of substance dependence, treatment retention, social networks and gender. Age differences in these characteristics inform intervention strategies to support long-term recovery of older adults and provide direction for investigation of how age affects outcome.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27837695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6e76ea25cefd5fe6511bb6c23b54b22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48121363,"asset_id":27837695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48121363/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52170679" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMertens">Jennifer Mertens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52170679" type="text/json">{"id":52170679,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Mertens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferMertens","display_name":"Jennifer Mertens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMertens?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27837695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27837695"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27837695, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27837695", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27837695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27837695; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27837695"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27837695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27837695"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27837695; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27837695]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27837695").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27837695").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27837695"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2483" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction">Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2483" type="text/json">{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care">Long Term Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3431" type="text/json">{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27837695]'), work: {"id":27837695,"title":"Five-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes of older adults versus middle-aged and younger adults in a managed care program","created_at":"2016-08-17T08:20:50.976-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27837695/Five_year_alcohol_and_drug_treatment_outcomes_of_older_adults_versus_middle_aged_and_younger_adults_in_a_managed_care_program?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_27837695","summary":"Aims This study compared 5-year treatment outcomes of older adults to thoseof middle-aged and younger adults in a large managed care chemical dependency program. We examined age group differences in individual, treatment and extra-treatment factors, which may influence long-term outcome. Design Seventy-seven per cent of original study participants completed a telephone interview 5 years after out-patient chemical dependency treatment at Kaiser Permanente. This sample (N = 925) included 65 patients aged 55-77, 296 patients aged 40-54 and 564 patients aged 18-39 (age at baseline). Measurements Measures at follow-up included alcohol and drug use, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale, social resource and self-reported health questions. Mortality data were obtained from contact with family members of patients as well as automated health plan records. Findings Older adults were less likely to be drug-dependent at baseline than younger and middle-aged adults, and had longer retention in treatment than younger adults. At 5 years, older adults were less likely than younger adults to have close family or friends who encouraged alcohol or drug use. Fifty-two per cent of older adults reported total abstinence from alcohol and drugs in the previous 30 days versus 40% of younger adults. Older women had higher 30-day abstinence than older men or younger women. Among participants dependent only on alcohol, there were no significant age differences in 30-day abstinence. In logistic regression analysis, age group was not significant. Variables associated with greater age that independently predicted 30-day abstinence in the logistic regression model eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. included longer retention in treatment and having no close family or friends who encouraged alcohol or drug use at 5 years: female gender was also significant. Conclusions Results indicate that older adults have favorable long-term outcome following treatment relative to younger adults, but these differences may be accounted for by variables associated with age such as type of substance dependence, treatment retention, social networks and gender. Age differences in these characteristics inform intervention strategies to support long-term recovery of older adults and provide direction for investigation of how age affects outcome.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48121363,"asset_id":27837695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52170679,"first_name":"Jennifer","last_name":"Mertens","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenniferMertens","display_name":"Jennifer Mertens","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenniferMertens?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2483,"name":"Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Addiction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=23890"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":50113,"name":"California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/California?f_ri=23890"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=23890"},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=23890"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=23890"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=23890"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=23890"},{"id":416167,"name":"Managed care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Managed_care?f_ri=23890"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=23890"},{"id":806178,"name":"Older Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_Adult?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26025335" data-work_id="26025335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26025335/Influence_of_the_moment_exerted_by_the_athlete_on_the_pole_in_pole_vaulting_performance">Influence of the moment exerted by the athlete on the pole in pole-vaulting performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26025335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the pole-human body interaction on pole-vaulting performance. Journal of Biomechanics 37, 1353-1360]. The present study integrates the 3D kinematics data of the athlete but also the actions measured at the end of the pole in the planting box and on the track during the last stride before take-off. It proposes a mechanical model allowing determination of the pole-vaulter's actions on the pole. The model is based on a global mechanical approach. The pole-vaulter's action on his upper and lower hand is concentrated on one middle point to solve the dynamics problem. The model was applied to seven experienced pole-vaulters. The force and the moment exerted on the pole by the pole-vaulter during the last stride before take off and during jump stage, were calculated. This analysis of the compressive force and bending moment for seven pole-vaulters helps to highlight the impact of the moment in the performance. The conclusion is confirmed by an additional comparative study carried out on two polevaulters, with comparable morphologies and performing with the same pole. r</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26025335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b105dc66a7e92cc5985550bafe3d6b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46368579,"asset_id":26025335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46368579/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32391900" href="https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard">Michel Mesnard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32391900" type="text/json">{"id":32391900,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Mesnard","domain_name":"bordeaux","page_name":"MichelMesnard","display_name":"Michel Mesnard","profile_url":"https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26025335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26025335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26025335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26025335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26025335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26025335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26025335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26025335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26025335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26025335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26025335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26025335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3132" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics">Biomechanics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3132" type="text/json">{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion">Energy Conversion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22088" type="text/json">{"id":22088,"name":"Energy Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26025335]'), work: {"id":26025335,"title":"Influence of the moment exerted by the athlete on the pole in pole-vaulting performance","created_at":"2016-06-09T13:14:27.160-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26025335/Influence_of_the_moment_exerted_by_the_athlete_on_the_pole_in_pole_vaulting_performance?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_26025335","summary":"Current studies on pole-vaulting focus mostly on energy transfer data [Ekevad, M., Lundberg, B., 1995. Simulation of ''smart'' pole .] and often fail to take into account the actions exerted on the pole [Arampatzis, . Effect of the pole-human body interaction on pole-vaulting performance. Journal of Biomechanics 37, 1353-1360]. The present study integrates the 3D kinematics data of the athlete but also the actions measured at the end of the pole in the planting box and on the track during the last stride before take-off. It proposes a mechanical model allowing determination of the pole-vaulter's actions on the pole. The model is based on a global mechanical approach. The pole-vaulter's action on his upper and lower hand is concentrated on one middle point to solve the dynamics problem. The model was applied to seven experienced pole-vaulters. The force and the moment exerted on the pole by the pole-vaulter during the last stride before take off and during jump stage, were calculated. This analysis of the compressive force and bending moment for seven pole-vaulters helps to highlight the impact of the moment in the performance. The conclusion is confirmed by an additional comparative study carried out on two polevaulters, with comparable morphologies and performing with the same pole. r","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46368579,"asset_id":26025335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32391900,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Mesnard","domain_name":"bordeaux","page_name":"MichelMesnard","display_name":"Michel Mesnard","profile_url":"https://bordeaux.academia.edu/MichelMesnard?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3132,"name":"Biomechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":22088,"name":"Energy Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Conversion?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":48904,"name":"Elasticity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elasticity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":50456,"name":"Sports","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports?f_ri=23890"},{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":88140,"name":"Human Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Body?f_ri=23890"},{"id":717129,"name":"Energy Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Transfer?f_ri=23890"},{"id":823884,"name":"Sports Equipment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Equipment?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12735751" data-work_id="12735751" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12735751/Increased_pressure_during_retrograde_cerebral_perfusion_in_an_acute_porcine_model_improves_brain_tissue_perfusion_without_increase_in_tissue_edema">Increased pressure during retrograde cerebral perfusion in an acute porcine model improves brain tissue perfusion without increase in tissue edema</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Increased pressure during retrograde cerebral perfusion in an acute porcine model <a href="http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/73/5/1514" rel="nofollow">http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/73/5/1514</a> on the World Wide Web at:</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12735751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90e6e4849c13a6043fa10626e800c74a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45972547,"asset_id":12735751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45972547/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31768675" href="https://fiu.academia.edu/MaureenADonnelly">Maureen A. Donnelly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31768675" type="text/json">{"id":31768675,"first_name":"Maureen A.","last_name":"Donnelly","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"MaureenADonnelly","display_name":"Maureen A. Donnelly","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/MaureenADonnelly?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12735751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12735751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12735751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12735751", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12735751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12735751; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12735751"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12735751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12735751"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12735751; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12735751]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12735751").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12735751").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12735751"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74347" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemodynamics">Hemodynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74347" type="text/json">{"id":74347,"name":"Hemodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemodynamics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83120" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy">Near Infrared Spectroscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83120" type="text/json">{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12735751]'), work: {"id":12735751,"title":"Increased pressure during retrograde cerebral perfusion in an acute porcine model improves brain tissue perfusion without increase in tissue edema","created_at":"2015-06-01T15:54:49.296-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12735751/Increased_pressure_during_retrograde_cerebral_perfusion_in_an_acute_porcine_model_improves_brain_tissue_perfusion_without_increase_in_tissue_edema?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_12735751","summary":"Increased pressure during retrograde cerebral perfusion in an acute porcine model http://ats.ctsnetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/73/5/1514 on the World Wide Web at:","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45972547,"asset_id":12735751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31768675,"first_name":"Maureen A.","last_name":"Donnelly","domain_name":"fiu","page_name":"MaureenADonnelly","display_name":"Maureen A. Donnelly","profile_url":"https://fiu.academia.edu/MaureenADonnelly?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":74347,"name":"Hemodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemodynamics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":83120,"name":"Near Infrared Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Infrared_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=23890"},{"id":121939,"name":"Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technique?f_ri=23890"},{"id":123472,"name":"Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration?f_ri=23890"},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia?f_ri=23890"},{"id":161534,"name":"Perfusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perfusion?f_ri=23890"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":291038,"name":"Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pressure?f_ri=23890"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=23890"},{"id":419370,"name":"Swine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Swine?f_ri=23890"},{"id":426588,"name":"Blood Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Flow?f_ri=23890"},{"id":615540,"name":"Scientific Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Data?f_ri=23890"},{"id":845678,"name":"Water Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Content?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1157501,"name":"Blood Flow Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Flow_Velocity?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1311261,"name":"Hemoglobins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemoglobins?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1363401,"name":"Brain Edema","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain_Edema?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1558342,"name":"Oxygen saturation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_saturation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2363093,"name":"Cardiopulmonary bypass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiopulmonary_bypass?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13843237 coauthored" data-work_id="13843237" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13843237/Implicit_versus_explicit_attitudes_toward_psychiatric_medication_Implications_for_insight_and_treatment_adherence">Implicit versus explicit attitudes toward psychiatric medication: Implications for insight and treatment adherence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Implicit attitudes are automatically activated evaluative impulses that are difficult to control and potentially outside conscious awareness. The association of implicit attitudes toward psychiatric medication with treatment adherence and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13843237" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Implicit attitudes are automatically activated evaluative impulses that are difficult to control and potentially outside conscious awareness. The association of implicit attitudes toward psychiatric medication with treatment adherence and insight was investigated in 85 persons with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or affective disorders using the Brief Implicit Association Test. Explicit attitudes, insight, perceived need for treatment and adherence were measured by self-report. Implicit, but not explicit, positive attitudes predicted increased insight and perceived need for treatment. Explicit, but not implicit, positive attitudes predicted selfreported adherence. Implicit measures can improve our understanding of medication attitudes and evaluation of interventions to increase treatment adherence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13843237" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98143417229138dbd63a778ade947233" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44889160,"asset_id":13843237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44889160/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32935348" href="https://uiowa.academia.edu/AndrewTodd">Andrew Todd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32935348" type="text/json">{"id":32935348,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Todd","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"AndrewTodd","display_name":"Andrew Todd","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/AndrewTodd?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13843237">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13843237"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/GBodenhausen">Galen V Bodenhausen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13843237'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13843237').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13843237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13843237"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13843237, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13843237", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13843237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13843237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13843237"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13843237 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13843237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13843237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13843237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13843237").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13843237").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13843237"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_Social_Cognition">Implicit Social Cognition</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18339" type="text/json">{"id":18339,"name":"Implicit Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_Social_Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13843237]'), work: {"id":13843237,"title":"Implicit versus explicit attitudes toward psychiatric medication: Implications for insight and treatment adherence","created_at":"2015-07-09T09:06:37.831-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13843237/Implicit_versus_explicit_attitudes_toward_psychiatric_medication_Implications_for_insight_and_treatment_adherence?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_13843237","summary":"Implicit attitudes are automatically activated evaluative impulses that are difficult to control and potentially outside conscious awareness. The association of implicit attitudes toward psychiatric medication with treatment adherence and insight was investigated in 85 persons with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or affective disorders using the Brief Implicit Association Test. Explicit attitudes, insight, perceived need for treatment and adherence were measured by self-report. Implicit, but not explicit, positive attitudes predicted increased insight and perceived need for treatment. Explicit, but not implicit, positive attitudes predicted selfreported adherence. Implicit measures can improve our understanding of medication attitudes and evaluation of interventions to increase treatment adherence.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44889160,"asset_id":13843237,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32935348,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Todd","domain_name":"uiowa","page_name":"AndrewTodd","display_name":"Andrew Todd","profile_url":"https://uiowa.academia.edu/AndrewTodd?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":31829742,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Bodenhausen","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"GBodenhausen","display_name":"Galen V Bodenhausen","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/GBodenhausen?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31829742/9511638/25069364/s65_galen.bodenhausen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":18339,"name":"Implicit Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_Social_Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":28850,"name":"Linear models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linear_models?f_ri=23890"},{"id":45320,"name":"Implicit and Explicit attitudes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_and_Explicit_attitudes?f_ri=23890"},{"id":57135,"name":"Insight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insight?f_ri=23890"},{"id":79289,"name":"Implicit Association Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_Association_Test?f_ri=23890"},{"id":92589,"name":"Stigma and Discrimination of Mental Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stigma_and_Discrimination_of_Mental_Illness?f_ri=23890"},{"id":119665,"name":"Reaction Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reaction_Time?f_ri=23890"},{"id":129913,"name":"Attitudes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitudes?f_ri=23890"},{"id":135005,"name":"Patient Compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Compliance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":144049,"name":"Attitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitude?f_ri=23890"},{"id":284201,"name":"Mood Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Disorders?f_ri=23890"},{"id":305566,"name":"Treatment adherence/compliance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_adherence_compliance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=23890"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1355489,"name":"Affective Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Disorder?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16204763" data-work_id="16204763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16204763/Differences_in_breast_carcinoma_characteristics_in_newly_diagnosed_African_American_and_Caucasian_patients">Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">BACKGROUND. Breast carcinomas in African-American patients appear to be more aggressive than in Caucasian patients due to multifactorial differences.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16204763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d9aa9c43c4fe0cd31e26dfbb914edce" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42635475,"asset_id":16204763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42635475/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35314400" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePark">Pauline Park</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35314400" type="text/json">{"id":35314400,"first_name":"Pauline","last_name":"Park","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulinePark","display_name":"Pauline Park","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePark?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16204763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16204763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16204763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16204763", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16204763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16204763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16204763"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16204763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16204763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16204763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16204763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16204763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16204763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16204763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16204763]'), work: {"id":16204763,"title":"Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients","created_at":"2015-09-26T12:16:29.079-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16204763/Differences_in_breast_carcinoma_characteristics_in_newly_diagnosed_African_American_and_Caucasian_patients?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_16204763","summary":"BACKGROUND. Breast carcinomas in African-American patients appear to be more aggressive than in Caucasian patients due to multifactorial differences.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42635475,"asset_id":16204763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35314400,"first_name":"Pauline","last_name":"Park","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulinePark","display_name":"Pauline Park","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePark?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":68342,"name":"African American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American?f_ri=23890"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=23890"},{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries?f_ri=23890"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=23890"},{"id":233800,"name":"African Americans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Americans?f_ri=23890"},{"id":471057,"name":"Breast carcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_carcinoma?f_ri=23890"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1119056,"name":"Database","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_643520" data-work_id="643520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/643520/Credibility_and_outcome_of_cognitive_behavioural_and_psychodynamic_interpersonal_therapy">Credibility and outcome of cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/643520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f274a392c411d19afe0e21f116dc9c2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51315952,"asset_id":643520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51315952/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="106075" href="https://eastanglia.academia.edu/ShirleyReynolds">Shirley Reynolds</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="106075" type="text/json">{"id":106075,"first_name":"Shirley","last_name":"Reynolds","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"ShirleyReynolds","display_name":"Shirley Reynolds","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/ShirleyReynolds?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106075/85350/93259/s65_shirley.reynolds.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_643520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="643520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 643520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_643520", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_643520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 643520; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_643520"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_643520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="643520"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 643520; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=643520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_643520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_643520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="643520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="229" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brief_Psychotherapy">Brief Psychotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="229" type="text/json">{"id":229,"name":"Brief Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brief_Psychotherapy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=643520]'), work: {"id":643520,"title":"Credibility and outcome of cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy.","created_at":"2011-06-05T03:19:22.168-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/643520/Credibility_and_outcome_of_cognitive_behavioural_and_psychodynamic_interpersonal_therapy?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_643520","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51315952,"asset_id":643520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":106075,"first_name":"Shirley","last_name":"Reynolds","domain_name":"eastanglia","page_name":"ShirleyReynolds","display_name":"Shirley Reynolds","profile_url":"https://eastanglia.academia.edu/ShirleyReynolds?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/106075/85350/93259/s65_shirley.reynolds.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":229,"name":"Brief Psychotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brief_Psychotherapy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7324,"name":"British","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British?f_ri=23890"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":73785,"name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment_Inventory?f_ri=23890"},{"id":101797,"name":"Cognitive Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Therapy?f_ri=23890"},{"id":144049,"name":"Attitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitude?f_ri=23890"},{"id":144052,"name":"Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=23890"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=23890"},{"id":594207,"name":"Expectation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expectation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1777591,"name":"Psychoanalytic Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalytic_Therapy?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28362836" data-work_id="28362836" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28362836/Thermal_Function_of_Phocid_Seal_Fur">Thermal Function of Phocid Seal Fur</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28362836" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined thermal resistance (insulation) offered by blubber, skin, and fur in newborn and adult harp (Pagophilus gvoenlandiczls) and hooded (Cystophora cristutu) seals, in air and water, to elucidate the role of fur as insulation in phocid seals. In air the fur contributed 70% of the combined thermal resistance of blubber, skin, and fur in newborn harp seal pups and 27% in adults, whereas in hooded seals the fur contributed 73% in newborn pups and 34% in adults. When submerged the thermal resistance of the fur was reduced by 84%-92%, and contributed 65% to the total insulation in newborn harp seal pups and 3% in adults, and 26% in newborn hooded seal pups and 5% in adults. We conclude that in air the fur of phocid seals makes an important contribution to the insulation of pups, and also contributes considerably to the insulation of adult animals. In water, even though the thermal resistance of the fur is dramatically reduced, the fur still contributes substantially to the insulation of pups, but its contribution in adults is negligible.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28362836" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="694e5f772293892bb6f0628a8ef5ac84" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48696907,"asset_id":28362836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48696907/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="53127236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim">Petter Kvadsheim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="53127236" type="text/json">{"id":53127236,"first_name":"Petter","last_name":"Kvadsheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PetterKvadsheim","display_name":"Petter Kvadsheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28362836"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28362836, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28362836", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28362836; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28362836"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28362836 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28362836"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28362836; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28362836]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28362836").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28362836").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28362836"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation">Thermoregulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1389" type="text/json">{"id":1389,"name":"Thermoregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52489" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue">Adipose tissue</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52489" type="text/json">{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28362836]'), work: {"id":28362836,"title":"Thermal Function of Phocid Seal Fur","created_at":"2016-09-09T03:00:32.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28362836/Thermal_Function_of_Phocid_Seal_Fur?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_28362836","summary":"In phocid seals, blubber serves as the main thermal insulation instead of fur. The thermal function of fur, at least in adult phocid seals, has therefore been questioned. We measured the relative contribution of fur to the combined thermal resistance (insulation) offered by blubber, skin, and fur in newborn and adult harp (Pagophilus gvoenlandiczls) and hooded (Cystophora cristutu) seals, in air and water, to elucidate the role of fur as insulation in phocid seals. In air the fur contributed 70% of the combined thermal resistance of blubber, skin, and fur in newborn harp seal pups and 27% in adults, whereas in hooded seals the fur contributed 73% in newborn pups and 34% in adults. When submerged the thermal resistance of the fur was reduced by 84%-92%, and contributed 65% to the total insulation in newborn harp seal pups and 3% in adults, and 26% in newborn hooded seal pups and 5% in adults. We conclude that in air the fur of phocid seals makes an important contribution to the insulation of pups, and also contributes considerably to the insulation of adult animals. In water, even though the thermal resistance of the fur is dramatically reduced, the fur still contributes substantially to the insulation of pups, but its contribution in adults is negligible.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48696907,"asset_id":28362836,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":53127236,"first_name":"Petter","last_name":"Kvadsheim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PetterKvadsheim","display_name":"Petter Kvadsheim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PetterKvadsheim?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1389,"name":"Thermoregulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermoregulation?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":52489,"name":"Adipose tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adipose_tissue?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":126884,"name":"Marine Mammal Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Mammal_Science?f_ri=23890"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin?f_ri=23890"},{"id":204006,"name":"Fur","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fur?f_ri=23890"},{"id":323827,"name":"Thermal Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Resistance?f_ri=23890"},{"id":404009,"name":"Thermal Insulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Insulation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":469895,"name":"Blubber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blubber?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4796506" data-work_id="4796506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4796506/Mathematical_Model_for_a_New_Mode_of_Artificial_Ventilation_Volume_Assisted_Pressure_Supported_Ventilation_A_Comparative_Study">Mathematical Model for a New Mode of Artificial Ventilation: Volume Assisted Pressure Supported Ventilation: A Comparative Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: The patient submitted to artificial ventilation generally is connected to a high impedance flow source with controlled respiratory cycles to assure volume requirements or to a low impedance pressure source with spontaneous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4796506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: The patient submitted to artificial ventilation generally is connected to a high impedance flow source with controlled respiratory cycles to assure volume requirements or to a low impedance pressure source with spontaneous cycles to allow synchronization between his effort and system flow delivery. These two types of cycles represent the initial and final stages of artificial ventilation. The patient who needs a volume guarantee and at the same time presents unstable or insufficient inspiratory effort is difficult to manage with assisted cycles which are analogous to the controlled presence of a high impedance flow source. This paper presents a new approach where the respiratory cycles are obtained by the combination of flow and pressure sources using mathematical modeling. These cycles, named volume assisted pressure supported (VAPS) cycles, are compared with conventional assisted cycles showing a decrease in the patient work of breathing (WOB) during assisted ventilation. The theoretical results have been confirmed by clinical trials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4796506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a89dd76974c7f5cf877f5f1b4fe31f6a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49629254,"asset_id":4796506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49629254/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6192863" href="https://independent.academia.edu/jbonassa">jorge bonassa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6192863" type="text/json">{"id":6192863,"first_name":"jorge","last_name":"bonassa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jbonassa","display_name":"jorge bonassa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jbonassa?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4796506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4796506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4796506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4796506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4796506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4796506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4796506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4796506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4796506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4796506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4796506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4796506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4796506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4796506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11101" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Organs">Artificial Organs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11101" type="text/json">{"id":11101,"name":"Artificial Organs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Organs?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration">Respiration</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="202428" type="text/json">{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4796506]'), work: {"id":4796506,"title":"Mathematical Model for a New Mode of Artificial Ventilation: Volume Assisted Pressure Supported Ventilation: A Comparative Study","created_at":"2013-10-17T00:22:30.191-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4796506/Mathematical_Model_for_a_New_Mode_of_Artificial_Ventilation_Volume_Assisted_Pressure_Supported_Ventilation_A_Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_4796506","summary":"Abstract: The patient submitted to artificial ventilation generally is connected to a high impedance flow source with controlled respiratory cycles to assure volume requirements or to a low impedance pressure source with spontaneous cycles to allow synchronization between his effort and system flow delivery. These two types of cycles represent the initial and final stages of artificial ventilation. The patient who needs a volume guarantee and at the same time presents unstable or insufficient inspiratory effort is difficult to manage with assisted cycles which are analogous to the controlled presence of a high impedance flow source. This paper presents a new approach where the respiratory cycles are obtained by the combination of flow and pressure sources using mathematical modeling. These cycles, named volume assisted pressure supported (VAPS) cycles, are compared with conventional assisted cycles showing a decrease in the patient work of breathing (WOB) during assisted ventilation. The theoretical results have been confirmed by clinical trials.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49629254,"asset_id":4796506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6192863,"first_name":"jorge","last_name":"bonassa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"jbonassa","display_name":"jorge bonassa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/jbonassa?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":11101,"name":"Artificial Organs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Artificial_Organs?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=23890"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24247434" data-work_id="24247434" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24247434/Proton_Presence_and_Motion_in_Rhenium_Oxide_Films_and_Their_Application_to_Liquid_Crystalline_Cells">Proton Presence and Motion in Rhenium-Oxide Films and Their Application to Liquid-Crystalline Cells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">1 Disordered solid phases, containing appreciable amounts of hydrogen ions, are grown at the surface of rhenium oxide crystals, because of the high reactivity of this compound with ambient moisture. To investigate such phenomena, a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24247434" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1 Disordered solid phases, containing appreciable amounts of hydrogen ions, are grown at the surface of rhenium oxide crystals, because of the high reactivity of this compound with ambient moisture. To investigate such phenomena, a comparative study is performed on ground powder and thermally evaporated or sputtered films using x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Two types of solid phases were found in the films: H x ReO 3 distorted perovskite structures, based on corner-sharing ReO 6 octahedra as in the bulk crystals, and ordered HReO 4 crystalline structures, based on tetrahedral perrhenate ions. The complex impedance measurements on ReO 3 films support the hypothesis of mobile hydrogen ions in such defective films. Moreover, this relevant protonic conductivity allows the application of these films as active layers inserted into asymmetric nematic liquid-crystalline cells to rectify the electro-optical response of such devices, with performances quite similar to previously studied oxides such as WO 3 .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24247434" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="11ed23d3c2fcaf0c5e2644ec6ee9bd34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44584807,"asset_id":24247434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44584807/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4705870" href="https://iit-it.academia.edu/GDas">Gobind Das</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4705870" type="text/json">{"id":4705870,"first_name":"Gobind","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"iit-it","page_name":"GDas","display_name":"Gobind Das","profile_url":"https://iit-it.academia.edu/GDas?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4705870/1985604/12219256/s65_gobind.das.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24247434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24247434"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24247434, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24247434", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24247434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24247434; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24247434"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24247434 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24247434"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24247434; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24247434]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24247434").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24247434").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24247434"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5020" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Crystals">Liquid Crystals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5020" type="text/json">{"id":5020,"name":"Liquid Crystals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Crystals?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy">Raman Spectroscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9339" type="text/json">{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="386527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_diffraction">X ray diffraction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="386527" type="text/json">{"id":386527,"name":"X ray diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_diffraction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24247434]'), work: {"id":24247434,"title":"Proton Presence and Motion in Rhenium-Oxide Films and Their Application to Liquid-Crystalline Cells","created_at":"2016-04-10T00:32:56.560-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24247434/Proton_Presence_and_Motion_in_Rhenium_Oxide_Films_and_Their_Application_to_Liquid_Crystalline_Cells?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_24247434","summary":"1 Disordered solid phases, containing appreciable amounts of hydrogen ions, are grown at the surface of rhenium oxide crystals, because of the high reactivity of this compound with ambient moisture. To investigate such phenomena, a comparative study is performed on ground powder and thermally evaporated or sputtered films using x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Two types of solid phases were found in the films: H x ReO 3 distorted perovskite structures, based on corner-sharing ReO 6 octahedra as in the bulk crystals, and ordered HReO 4 crystalline structures, based on tetrahedral perrhenate ions. The complex impedance measurements on ReO 3 films support the hypothesis of mobile hydrogen ions in such defective films. Moreover, this relevant protonic conductivity allows the application of these films as active layers inserted into asymmetric nematic liquid-crystalline cells to rectify the electro-optical response of such devices, with performances quite similar to previously studied oxides such as WO 3 .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44584807,"asset_id":24247434,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4705870,"first_name":"Gobind","last_name":"Das","domain_name":"iit-it","page_name":"GDas","display_name":"Gobind Das","profile_url":"https://iit-it.academia.edu/GDas?f_ri=23890","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4705870/1985604/12219256/s65_gobind.das.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5020,"name":"Liquid Crystals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Crystals?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":9339,"name":"Raman Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raman_Spectroscopy?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":386527,"name":"X ray diffraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X_ray_diffraction?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":877520,"name":"Electro-optic modulators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electro-optic_modulators?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1337673,"name":"Active Layer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Layer?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1958280,"name":"Liquid Crystalline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Crystalline?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27273650" data-work_id="27273650" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27273650/Consequences_of_Test_Anxiety_on_Adaptive_Versus_Fixed_Item_Testing">Consequences of Test Anxiety on Adaptive Versus Fixed Item Testing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We investigated the effects of test anxiety on test performance using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) versus conventional fixed item testing (FIT). We hypothesized that tests containing mainly items with medium probabilities of being... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27273650" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We investigated the effects of test anxiety on test performance using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) versus conventional fixed item testing (FIT). We hypothesized that tests containing mainly items with medium probabilities of being solved would have negative effects on test performance for testtakers high in test anxiety. A total of 110 students (aged 16 to 20) from a German secondary modern school filled out a short form of the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-G; Wacker, Jaunzeme, & Jaksztat, 2008) and then were presented with items from the Adaptive Matrices Test (AMT; Hornke, Etzel, & Rettig, 1999) on the computer, either in CAT form or in a fixed item test form with a selection of items arranged in order of increasing item difficulty. Additionally, half of the students were given a short summary of information about the mode of item selection in adaptive testing before working on the CAT. In a moderated regression approach, a significant interaction of test anxiety and test mode was revealed. The effect of test mode on the AMT score was stronger for students with higher scores on test anxiety than for students with lower test anxiety. Furthermore, getting information about CAT led to significantly better results than receiving standard test instructions. Results are discussed with reference to test fairness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27273650" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="231e06930a9a201d570229bb7e28fe0f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47533473,"asset_id":27273650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47533473/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51377359" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TuuliaOrtner">Tuulia Ortner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51377359" type="text/json">{"id":51377359,"first_name":"Tuulia","last_name":"Ortner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TuuliaOrtner","display_name":"Tuulia Ortner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TuuliaOrtner?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27273650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27273650"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27273650, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27273650", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27273650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27273650; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27273650"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27273650 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27273650"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27273650; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27273650]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27273650").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27273650").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27273650"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27273650]'), work: {"id":27273650,"title":"Consequences of Test Anxiety on Adaptive Versus Fixed Item Testing","created_at":"2016-07-26T08:07:06.340-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27273650/Consequences_of_Test_Anxiety_on_Adaptive_Versus_Fixed_Item_Testing?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_27273650","summary":"We investigated the effects of test anxiety on test performance using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) versus conventional fixed item testing (FIT). We hypothesized that tests containing mainly items with medium probabilities of being solved would have negative effects on test performance for testtakers high in test anxiety. A total of 110 students (aged 16 to 20) from a German secondary modern school filled out a short form of the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI-G; Wacker, Jaunzeme, \u0026 Jaksztat, 2008) and then were presented with items from the Adaptive Matrices Test (AMT; Hornke, Etzel, \u0026 Rettig, 1999) on the computer, either in CAT form or in a fixed item test form with a selection of items arranged in order of increasing item difficulty. Additionally, half of the students were given a short summary of information about the mode of item selection in adaptive testing before working on the CAT. In a moderated regression approach, a significant interaction of test anxiety and test mode was revealed. The effect of test mode on the AMT score was stronger for students with higher scores on test anxiety than for students with lower test anxiety. Furthermore, getting information about CAT led to significantly better results than receiving standard test instructions. Results are discussed with reference to test fairness.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47533473,"asset_id":27273650,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51377359,"first_name":"Tuulia","last_name":"Ortner","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TuuliaOrtner","display_name":"Tuulia Ortner","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TuuliaOrtner?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=23890"},{"id":86845,"name":"Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reasoning?f_ri=23890"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=23890"},{"id":138538,"name":"CAT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CAT?f_ri=23890"},{"id":163143,"name":"STEM (short form)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEM_short_form_?f_ri=23890"},{"id":924170,"name":"Matrices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Matrices?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1128398,"name":"Adaptive Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_Testing?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1380410,"name":"Computerized Adaptive Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computerized_Adaptive_Test?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68953691" data-work_id="68953691" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68953691/Comparative_Study_on_DFD_to_UML_Diagrams_Transformations">Comparative Study on DFD to UML Diagrams Transformations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Most of legacy systems use nowadays were modeled and documented using structured approach. Expansion of these systems in terms of functionality and maintainability requires shift towards object-oriented documentation and design, which has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68953691" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Most of legacy systems use nowadays were modeled and documented using structured approach. Expansion of these systems in terms of functionality and maintainability requires shift towards object-oriented documentation and design, which has been widely accepted by the industry. In this paper, we present a survey of the existing Data Flow Diagram (DFD) to Unified Modeling language (UML) transformation techniques. We analyze transformation techniques using a set of parameters, identified in the survey. Based on identified parameters, we present an analysis matrix, which describes the strengths and weaknesses of transformation techniques. It is observed that most of the transformation approaches are rule based, which are incomplete and defined at abstract level that does not cover in depth transformation and automation issues. Transformation approaches are data centric, which focuses on data-store for class diagram generation. Very few of the transformation techniques have been applied o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68953691" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4c9cf10d0ef5e87df08609de44fe151" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79240423,"asset_id":68953691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79240423/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="101468713" href="https://fastnucces.academia.edu/AtifJilani">Atif Jilani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="101468713" type="text/json">{"id":101468713,"first_name":"Atif","last_name":"Jilani","domain_name":"fastnucces","page_name":"AtifJilani","display_name":"Atif Jilani","profile_url":"https://fastnucces.academia.edu/AtifJilani?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68953691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68953691"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68953691, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68953691", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68953691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68953691; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68953691"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68953691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68953691"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68953691; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68953691]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68953691").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68953691").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68953691"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="449" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering">Software Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="449" type="text/json">{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96047" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study">Case Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="96047" type="text/json">{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="316270" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Diagram">Class Diagram</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="316270" type="text/json">{"id":316270,"name":"Class Diagram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Diagram?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68953691]'), work: {"id":68953691,"title":"Comparative Study on DFD to UML Diagrams Transformations","created_at":"2022-01-21T01:16:42.828-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68953691/Comparative_Study_on_DFD_to_UML_Diagrams_Transformations?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_68953691","summary":"Most of legacy systems use nowadays were modeled and documented using structured approach. Expansion of these systems in terms of functionality and maintainability requires shift towards object-oriented documentation and design, which has been widely accepted by the industry. In this paper, we present a survey of the existing Data Flow Diagram (DFD) to Unified Modeling language (UML) transformation techniques. We analyze transformation techniques using a set of parameters, identified in the survey. Based on identified parameters, we present an analysis matrix, which describes the strengths and weaknesses of transformation techniques. It is observed that most of the transformation approaches are rule based, which are incomplete and defined at abstract level that does not cover in depth transformation and automation issues. Transformation approaches are data centric, which focuses on data-store for class diagram generation. Very few of the transformation techniques have been applied o...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79240423,"asset_id":68953691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":101468713,"first_name":"Atif","last_name":"Jilani","domain_name":"fastnucces","page_name":"AtifJilani","display_name":"Atif Jilani","profile_url":"https://fastnucces.academia.edu/AtifJilani?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":449,"name":"Software Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":316270,"name":"Class Diagram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Diagram?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":476526,"name":"Data Flow Diagram","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Flow_Diagram?f_ri=23890"},{"id":499589,"name":"Unified Modeling Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unified_Modeling_Language?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1121048,"name":"Object Oriented","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Object_Oriented?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1216932,"name":"Rule Based","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rule_Based?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2430296,"name":"Proof of Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proof_of_Concept?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67391040" data-work_id="67391040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67391040/Les_peuplements_piscicoles_en_lacs_assemblages_types_et_niveaux_deutrophisation">Les peuplements piscicoles en lacs : assemblages types et niveaux d'eutrophisation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67391040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9ac97d657538209d2da7e609f7d9060" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78223820,"asset_id":67391040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78223820/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164956244" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NadouCADIC">Nadou CADIC</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164956244" type="text/json">{"id":164956244,"first_name":"Nadou","last_name":"CADIC","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NadouCADIC","display_name":"Nadou CADIC","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NadouCADIC?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67391040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67391040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67391040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67391040", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67391040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67391040; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67391040"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67391040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67391040"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67391040; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67391040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67391040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67391040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67391040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography">Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="261" type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typology">Typology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2742" type="text/json">{"id":2742,"name":"Typology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67391040]'), work: {"id":67391040,"title":"Les peuplements piscicoles en lacs : assemblages types et niveaux d'eutrophisation","created_at":"2022-01-06T07:50:24.686-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67391040/Les_peuplements_piscicoles_en_lacs_assemblages_types_et_niveaux_deutrophisation?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_67391040","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78223820,"asset_id":67391040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164956244,"first_name":"Nadou","last_name":"CADIC","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NadouCADIC","display_name":"Nadou CADIC","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NadouCADIC?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2742,"name":"Typology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":26181,"name":"Eutrophication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eutrophication?f_ri=23890"},{"id":735666,"name":"Lac","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lac?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67320518" data-work_id="67320518" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67320518/Nematode_infections_of_maricultured_and_wild_fishes_in_Danish_waters_A_comparative_study">Nematode infections of maricultured and wild fishes in Danish waters: A comparative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Danish mariculture system (a total of 166 fish) and from a freshwater system (a total of 40 fish before transfer to the marine system) were investigated for the presence of nematode larvae... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67320518" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Danish mariculture system (a total of 166 fish) and from a freshwater system (a total of 40 fish before transfer to the marine system) were investigated for the presence of nematode larvae through a 1 year cycle. Correspondingly, wild fishes (a total of 160 fish) (cod, whiting, saithe, haddock, hake, flounder, turbot, common sole, lemon sole, witch, plaice, herring, mackerel, garfish, angler fish, and European eel) obtained from the same geographic region were examined. Morphological and molecular techniques were applied for diagnosis. No nematode larvae were recovered from the aquacultured fish. In contrast, anisakid larvae (Anisakis simplex) occurred frequently in wild fishes (body cavity and musculature) although at varying intensity. Other anisakid species (Pseudoterranova decipiens and Contracaecum sp.) were also found in the wild fishes but at lower frequency. Examination of the stomach content from the cultured trout confirmed that aquacultured fish preferentially feed on pelleted dry feed although algae, invertebrates and small fish occurred in a few cases. The background for the absence of nematode larvae in maricultured rainbow trout (low infection risk due to feeding using heat-treated feed without any infective parasite larvae) and the implications for food safety issues (lower likelihood of infected fish from mariculture systems) are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67320518" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd1b91a1ce8157fc13ae31aa1ff2eb3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78181973,"asset_id":67320518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78181973/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38430559" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PerKania">Per Kania</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38430559" type="text/json">{"id":38430559,"first_name":"Per","last_name":"Kania","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PerKania","display_name":"Per Kania","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PerKania?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67320518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67320518"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67320518, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67320518", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67320518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67320518; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67320518"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67320518 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67320518"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67320518; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67320518]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67320518").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67320518").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67320518"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="173" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology">Zoology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="173" type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety">Food Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1081" type="text/json">{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23848" type="text/json">{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67320518]'), work: {"id":67320518,"title":"Nematode infections of maricultured and wild fishes in Danish waters: A comparative study","created_at":"2022-01-05T22:45:51.246-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67320518/Nematode_infections_of_maricultured_and_wild_fishes_in_Danish_waters_A_comparative_study?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_67320518","summary":"Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from a Danish mariculture system (a total of 166 fish) and from a freshwater system (a total of 40 fish before transfer to the marine system) were investigated for the presence of nematode larvae through a 1 year cycle. Correspondingly, wild fishes (a total of 160 fish) (cod, whiting, saithe, haddock, hake, flounder, turbot, common sole, lemon sole, witch, plaice, herring, mackerel, garfish, angler fish, and European eel) obtained from the same geographic region were examined. Morphological and molecular techniques were applied for diagnosis. No nematode larvae were recovered from the aquacultured fish. In contrast, anisakid larvae (Anisakis simplex) occurred frequently in wild fishes (body cavity and musculature) although at varying intensity. Other anisakid species (Pseudoterranova decipiens and Contracaecum sp.) were also found in the wild fishes but at lower frequency. Examination of the stomach content from the cultured trout confirmed that aquacultured fish preferentially feed on pelleted dry feed although algae, invertebrates and small fish occurred in a few cases. The background for the absence of nematode larvae in maricultured rainbow trout (low infection risk due to feeding using heat-treated feed without any infective parasite larvae) and the implications for food safety issues (lower likelihood of infected fish from mariculture systems) are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78181973,"asset_id":67320518,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38430559,"first_name":"Per","last_name":"Kania","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PerKania","display_name":"Per Kania","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PerKania?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=23890"},{"id":170652,"name":"Fisheries Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries_Sciences?f_ri=23890"},{"id":185893,"name":"European eel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_eel?f_ri=23890"},{"id":437726,"name":"Rainbow trout","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rainbow_trout?f_ri=23890"},{"id":442493,"name":"Larva","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Larva?f_ri=23890"},{"id":496224,"name":"Marine Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Systems?f_ri=23890"},{"id":988721,"name":"Oncorhynchus Mykiss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncorhynchus_Mykiss?f_ri=23890"},{"id":993744,"name":"Stomach Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stomach_Content?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67004171" data-work_id="67004171" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67004171/On_Being_a_Child_of_an_Ill_Parent_A_Rorschach_Investigation_of_Adaptation_to_Parental_Cancer_Compared_to_Other_Illnesses">On Being a Child of an Ill Parent: A Rorschach Investigation of Adaptation to Parental Cancer Compared to Other Illnesses</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cancer in a parent has a devastating effect on the psychological well-being of the children. In this comparative study, we examined the hypothesis that children who have a parent suffering from cancer experience greater difficulty in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67004171" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cancer in a parent has a devastating effect on the psychological well-being of the children. In this comparative study, we examined the hypothesis that children who have a parent suffering from cancer experience greater difficulty in terms of psychological adaptation than children with a parent suffering from another chronic pathology. A group of 52 children of parents with cancer was</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67004171" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d04f488194cd6983595af903e0f063b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77988098,"asset_id":67004171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77988098/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="210039528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FlahaultCecile">Cecile Flahault</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="210039528" type="text/json">{"id":210039528,"first_name":"Cecile","last_name":"Flahault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlahaultCecile","display_name":"Cecile Flahault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlahaultCecile?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67004171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67004171"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67004171, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67004171", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67004171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67004171; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67004171"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67004171 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67004171"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67004171; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67004171]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67004171").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67004171").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67004171"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41325" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Well_Being">Psychological Well Being</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41325" type="text/json">{"id":41325,"name":"Psychological Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Well_Being?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97269" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease">Chronic Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97269" type="text/json">{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1419742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem">Self Esteem</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1419742" type="text/json">{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67004171]'), work: {"id":67004171,"title":"On Being a Child of an Ill Parent: A Rorschach Investigation of Adaptation to Parental Cancer Compared to Other Illnesses","created_at":"2022-01-03T21:40:44.256-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67004171/On_Being_a_Child_of_an_Ill_Parent_A_Rorschach_Investigation_of_Adaptation_to_Parental_Cancer_Compared_to_Other_Illnesses?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_67004171","summary":"Cancer in a parent has a devastating effect on the psychological well-being of the children. In this comparative study, we examined the hypothesis that children who have a parent suffering from cancer experience greater difficulty in terms of psychological adaptation than children with a parent suffering from another chronic pathology. A group of 52 children of parents with cancer was","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77988098,"asset_id":67004171,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":210039528,"first_name":"Cecile","last_name":"Flahault","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FlahaultCecile","display_name":"Cecile Flahault","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FlahaultCecile?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":41325,"name":"Psychological Well Being","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Well_Being?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66904300" data-work_id="66904300" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66904300/Power_of_expression_in_the_electronic_patient_record_structured_data_or_narrative_text">Power of expression in the electronic patient record: structured data or narrative text?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents the authors' experience with the development and use of a document-centered electronic patient record (EPR) in a large teaching hospital. The development of the document-centered EPR began with the formulation of a set... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66904300" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents the authors' experience with the development and use of a document-centered electronic patient record (EPR) in a large teaching hospital. The development of the document-centered EPR began with the formulation of a set of critical hypotheses to facilitate both the continuation of the best medical practice and the implementation and use of the EPR. An alternate and more conventional approach-the data-centered EPR-is compared with the document-centered EPR. Various benefits and pitfalls are discussed. Finally, the choice was to offer both solutions in a tightly linked system. The need for an EPR which combines the document and data centered approaches is a reflection of the more general discussion of what the medical record will be in the future. All too often, the need for structured data conflicts with the need for free texts and the power of expression. It is not easy to evaluate the consequences of this initial decision. However, changing the foundations of the EPR after its implementation is difficult and expensive. Therefore, the selection of the correct orientation in a given hospital requires a broad-based discussion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66904300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="74406c9fd64889eba39276e55ade7c46" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77922744,"asset_id":66904300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77922744/download_file?st=MTc0MDE1MjIxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68504985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierrePlanche">Pierre Planche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68504985" type="text/json">{"id":68504985,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Planche","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PierrePlanche","display_name":"Pierre Planche","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PierrePlanche?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66904300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66904300"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66904300, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66904300", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66904300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66904300; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66904300"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66904300 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66904300"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66904300; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66904300]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66904300").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66904300").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66904300"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering">Biomedical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1131" type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics">Medical Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1212" type="text/json">{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1432" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Language_Processing">Natural Language Processing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1432" type="text/json">{"id":1432,"name":"Natural Language Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Language_Processing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66904300]'), work: {"id":66904300,"title":"Power of expression in the electronic patient record: structured data or narrative text?","created_at":"2022-01-02T22:59:35.865-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66904300/Power_of_expression_in_the_electronic_patient_record_structured_data_or_narrative_text?f_ri=23890","dom_id":"work_66904300","summary":"This paper presents the authors' experience with the development and use of a document-centered electronic patient record (EPR) in a large teaching hospital. The development of the document-centered EPR began with the formulation of a set of critical hypotheses to facilitate both the continuation of the best medical practice and the implementation and use of the EPR. An alternate and more conventional approach-the data-centered EPR-is compared with the document-centered EPR. Various benefits and pitfalls are discussed. Finally, the choice was to offer both solutions in a tightly linked system. The need for an EPR which combines the document and data centered approaches is a reflection of the more general discussion of what the medical record will be in the future. All too often, the need for structured data conflicts with the need for free texts and the power of expression. It is not easy to evaluate the consequences of this initial decision. However, changing the foundations of the EPR after its implementation is difficult and expensive. Therefore, the selection of the correct orientation in a given hospital requires a broad-based discussion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77922744,"asset_id":66904300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68504985,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Planche","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PierrePlanche","display_name":"Pierre Planche","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PierrePlanche?f_ri=23890","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":1432,"name":"Natural Language Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Language_Processing?f_ri=23890","nofollow":true},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=23890"},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=23890"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration?f_ri=23890"},{"id":95074,"name":"Structured data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structured_data?f_ri=23890"},{"id":108782,"name":"Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data?f_ri=23890"},{"id":216941,"name":"Data Center","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Center?f_ri=23890"},{"id":224276,"name":"Feasibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility?f_ri=23890"},{"id":238655,"name":"Implementation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implementation?f_ri=23890"},{"id":874382,"name":"Medical Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Records?f_ri=23890"},{"id":1106271,"name":"Medical Record","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Record?f_ri=23890"},{"id":2213585,"name":"Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_System?f_ri=23890"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=23890"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?after=50%2C66904300" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_of_Southeastern_Philippines">University of Southeastern Philippines</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="421218">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="421218">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Regional_Administration">Local Government and Regional Administration</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="105072">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="105072">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Management">Public Management</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1073">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1073">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spratly_Island">Spratly Island</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="415538">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="415538">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development">Development</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="26067">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="26067">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Defining_Problem">Defining Problem</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="421223">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="421223">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance">Drug Resistance</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="102583">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="102583">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participatory_Risk_Communication">Participatory Risk Communication</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="254134">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="254134">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "aadb7fc1917d6ad48e5e595ed045b77d35ea19f7a9dea5a1a27bd0e0912de2da", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="b8U7JgOEej2i1yQFOZRZ7MK5KOYDoOwPTTH3xcq_opi9edQcQkT74B7E8JMwOJwcUEKPr6q2sM9mmMDXcwDVHA" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="4hJc4RTy2wlUSKOv_h7DzZgcgm6LFgB3oY7B2OhOXA4wrrPbVTJa1Ohbdzn3sgY9CuclJyIAXLeKJ_bKUfErig" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>