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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="برينسيبيس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برينسيبيس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinseps" title="Prinseps – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Prinseps" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Принцепс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Принцепс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="پرینسپس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرینسپس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%B0%EC%BC%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프린켑스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프린켑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps_(storia_romana)" title="Princeps (storia romana) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Princeps (storia romana)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%A1" title="פרינקפס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרינקפס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პრინცეფსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრინცეფსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9" title="プリンケプス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プリンケプス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Príncipe (Roma Antiga) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Príncipe (Roma Antiga)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Принцепс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Принцепс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Принцепс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Принцепс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="முதல் குடிமகன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதல் குடிமகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Princeps" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81" title="Принцепс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Принцепс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91" title="第一公民 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第一公民" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Roman title</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the star, see <a href="/wiki/Delta_Bo%C3%B6tis" title="Delta Boötis">Delta Boötis</a>.</div> <p><i><b>Princeps</b></i> (plural: <i>principes</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost,<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first person".<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a title, <i>princeps</i> originated in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> wherein the leading member of the Senate was designated <i>princeps senatus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is primarily associated with the Roman emperors as an unofficial title first adopted by <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 27 BC – AD 14</span>) in 23 BC. Its use in this context continued until the regime of <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (r. 284 – 305 AD) at the end of the third century. He preferred the title of <i>dominus</i>, meaning "lord" or "master".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As a result, the Roman Empire from Augustus to Diocletian is termed the "<a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">principate</a>" (<i>principatus</i>). Other historians define the reign of Augustus to <a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a> (r. 222 – 235) as the Principate, and the period afterwards as the "Autocracy".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> title <a href="/wiki/Prince#Prince_as_generic_for_ruler" title="Prince">"Prince" is a derivative of</a> princeps, as is the title <a href="/wiki/Principal_(disambiguation)#Title_or_rank" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Principal (disambiguation)">Principal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_military">Roman military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Roman military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Principes" title="Principes">Principes</a> (legionary heavy infantry soldier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">centurio(n)</a> in command of a unit or administrative office.</li> <li><i>Princeps ordinarius vexillationis</i>: centurion in command of a <i><a href="/wiki/Vexillatio" title="Vexillatio">vexillatio</a></i> (detachment).</li> <li><i>Princeps peregrinorum</i> ("commander of the foreigners"): centurion in charge of troops in the <i>castra peregrina</i> (military base at Rome for personnel seconded from the provincial armies)</li> <li><i>Princeps prior</i>: Centurion commanding a <i>manipulus</i> (unit of two centuries) of <i>principes</i> (legionary heavy infantry).</li> <li><i>Princeps posterior</i>: deputy to the Princeps prior</li> <li><i>Princeps praetorii</i> : centurion attached to headquarters.</li></ul> <p><i>Princeps</i> was also used as the second part of various other military titles, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Decurio" title="Decurio">Decurio</a> princeps</i>, Signifer princeps (among the standard-bearers). See also Principalis (as in <i><a href="/wiki/Optio" title="Optio">Optio</a> principalis</i>): NCO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_administration">Roman administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Officium_(Ancient_Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Officium (Ancient Rome)">Officium (Ancient Rome)</a></div> <p><i>Princeps</i> is also the (official) short version of Princeps officii, the chief of an officium (the office staff of a Roman dignitary). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roman_Emperor">Roman Emperor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roman Emperor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"First Citizen" redirects here. For the novel by Thomas Thurston Thomas, see <a href="/wiki/First_Citizen_(novel)" title="First Citizen (novel)">First Citizen (novel)</a>.</div> <p><i>Princeps civitatis</i> ("First Citizen") was an official title of a Roman <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a>, as the title determining the leader in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. It created the <a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">principate</a> Roman imperial system.<sup id="cite_ref-grant62_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grant62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This usage of "<i>princeps</i>" derived from the position of <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps_senatus" title="Princeps senatus">Princeps senatus</a></i>, the "<a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">first among equals</a>" of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senate</a>. The <i>princeps senatus</i> (plural <i>principes senatus</i>) was the first member by precedence of the Roman Senate, and his opinion would usually be asked first in senatorial debates.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was first given as a special title to <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar Augustus">Caesar Augustus</a> in 27 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who saw that use of the titles <a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom"><i>rex</i></a> (king) or <a href="/wiki/Roman_dictator" title="Roman dictator">dictator</a> would create resentment amongst senators and other influential men, who had earlier demonstrated their disapproval by supporting the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>. While Augustus had political and military supremacy, he needed the assistance of his fellow Romans to manage the Empire. In his <i><a href="/wiki/Res_Gestae_Divi_Augusti" title="Res Gestae Divi Augusti">Res Gestae</a></i>, Augustus claims <a href="/wiki/Auctoritas" title="Auctoritas">auctoritas</a> for the princeps (himself).<sup id="cite_ref-grant62_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grant62-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor#Titles.2C_Positions.2C_and_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">official titles</a> were associated with the Roman Emperor. These titles included <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">imperator</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Dominus_(title)" title="Dominus (title)">dominus</a> (lord) and <a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a> (the Greek word for "<a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">sovereign</a>").<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The word <a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a> is derived from the Roman title "imperator", which was a very high, but not exclusive, military title until Augustus began to use it as his <a href="/wiki/Praenomen" title="Praenomen">praenomen</a>. </p><p>The Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> (284–305), the father of the <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">Tetrarchy</a>, was the first to stop referring to himself as "princeps" altogether, calling himself "dominus" (lord, master),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> thus dropping the pretense that emperor was not truly a monarchical office. The period when the emperors that called themselves princeps ruled—from Augustus to Diocletian—is called "the <a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ancient Rome knew another kind of "princely" principes too, like "princeps iuventutis" ("the first amongst the young"), which in the early empire was frequently bestowed on eligible successors to the emperor, especially from his family. It was first given to Augustus' maternal grandsons <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Caesar" title="Gaius Caesar">Gaius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Caesar" title="Lucius Caesar">Lucius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (January 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobiliary_legacy">Nobiliary legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nobiliary legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<i>Princeps</i>" is the root and Latin rendering of modern words as the English title and generic term <i><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">prince</a></i> (see that article, also for various equivalents in other languages), as the Byzantine version of Roman law was the basis for the legal terminology developed in feudal (and later absolutist) Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-Roman_meaning">Non-Roman meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-Roman meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Princeps has been used in various scientific names, including the following: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeps_(butterfly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeps (butterfly)"><i>Princeps</i></a>, a former genus of <a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_butterflies" class="mw-redirect" title="Swallowtail butterflies">swallowtail butterflies</a> now treated as a subgenus of <i><a href="/wiki/Papilio" title="Papilio">Papilio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Accipiter_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Accipiter princeps">Accipiter princeps</a></i>, the New Britain goshawk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Actenoides_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Actenoides princeps">Actenoides princeps</a></i>, the scaly-breasted kingfisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattleya_walkeriana_var._princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattleya walkeriana var. princeps"><i>Cattleya walkeriana</i> var. <i>princeps</i></a>, a synonym for <i>Cattleya walkeriana</i>, an orchid species</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emberiza_flaviventris_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Emberiza flaviventris princeps">Emberiza flaviventris princeps</a></i>, a subspecies of golden-breasted bunting found in Angola and Namibia</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grallaria_guatimalensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Grallaria guatimalensis">Grallaria guatimalensis princeps</a></i>, a subspecies of scaled antpitta found in Costa Rica and Panama</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heterohyrax_brucei_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterohyrax brucei princeps">Heterohyrax brucei princeps</a></i>, a subspecies of yellow-spotted rock hyrax</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Melionyx_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Melionyx princeps">Melionyx princeps</a></i>, the long-bearded melidectes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morphnarchus_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphnarchus princeps">Morphnarchus princeps</a></i>, the barred hawk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Triplofusus_princeps" title="Triplofusus princeps">Triplofusus princeps</a></i>, a tropical <a href="/wiki/Sea_snail" title="Sea snail">sea snail</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Passerculus_sandwichensis_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Passerculus sandwichensis princeps">Passerculus sandwichensis princeps</a></i>, the Ipswich sparrow (a subspecies of Savannah sparrow)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ploceus_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploceus princeps">Ploceus princeps</a></i>, the Príncipe weaver</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psittacus_timneh_princeps" class="mw-redirect" title="Psittacus timneh princeps">Psittacus timneh princeps</a></i>, the Príncipe subspecies of Timneh parrot</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction">Fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Princeps" title="Special:EditPage/Princeps">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Princeps%22">"Princeps"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Princeps%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Princeps%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Princeps%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Princeps%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Princeps%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Bread_and_Circuses_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="Bread and Circuses (Star Trek: The Original Series)">Bread and Circuses</a>" takes place on Magna Roma, an alternate Earth where the Roman Empire never fell. In this episode, the leader of Magna Roman society (Merikus, played by <a href="/wiki/William_Smithers" title="William Smithers">William Smithers</a>) is referred to as First Citizen of his empire.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">Foundation series</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>, First Citizen is the title taken by the <a href="/wiki/Mule_(Foundation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mule (Foundation)">Mule</a> and his successors in their position as leader of the Union of Worlds. Asimov had previously used the title "First Citizen of the State" for Korell's authoritarian ruler Commdor in the original <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(Asimov_novel)" title="Foundation (Asimov novel)">Foundation novel</a>.</li> <li>Princeps is the name of a dog that Brother Priad meets in the <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i> book <i>Brothers of the Snake</i>.</li> <li>Princeps is the title for the captain of a Titan, a massive humanoid war machine in the tabletop wargame <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i>.</li> <li>In the book series <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alera" class="mw-redirect" title="Codex Alera">Codex Alera</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Butcher" title="Jim Butcher">Jim Butcher</a>, Princeps is the title given to the crown prince of the empire of Alera. It is also used in the title of the fifth book in the series, <a href="/wiki/Princeps%27_Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeps' Fury">Princeps' Fury</a>.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_Trek:_Infinity%27s_Prism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star Trek: Infinity's Prism (page does not exist)">Star Trek: Infinity's Prism</a></i> book <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seeds_of_Dissent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seeds of Dissent (page does not exist)">Seeds of Dissent</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Swallow" title="James Swallow">James Swallow</a>, "Princeps" is the title for "Commander" <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bashir" title="Julian Bashir">Julian Bashir</a> of the warship <i>Defiance</i>, which exists in an <a href="/wiki/Parallel_universe_(fiction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallel universe (fiction)">alternate universe</a> from the more familiar 24th Century envisioned in the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_Deep_Space_Nine" title="Star Trek: Deep Space Nine">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine</a></i>.</li> <li>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three-Body_Problem_(novel)" title="The Three-Body Problem (novel)">The Three-Body Problem</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Liu_Cixin" title="Liu Cixin">Cixin Liu</a>, "Princeps" is the title of the leader of the Trisolaran civilization.</li> <li>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain" title="The Magic Mountain">The Magic Mountain</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a>, "Princeps Scholasticorum" is the title Settembrini uses to introduce Naphta.</li> <li>In the actual-play series <i><a href="/wiki/Dimension_20" title="Dimension 20">Dimension 20: A Starstruck Oddysey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Dropout_(streaming_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropout (streaming platform)">Dropout</a>, Princeps Zortch is a non-binary member of Rubian V's royalty.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cassell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1968" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, D.P. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ml_UAwAAQBAJ"><i>Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Latin-English, English-Latin</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Cassell_(publisher)" title="Cassell (publisher)">Cassell Publishers Limited</a>. p. 713. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826453785" title="Special:BookSources/9780826453785"><bdi>9780826453785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassell%27s+Latin+Dictionary%2C+Latin-English%2C+English-Latin&rft.place=London&rft.pages=713&rft.pub=Cassell+Publishers+Limited&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9780826453785&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=D.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMl_UAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrinceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlton_T._Lewis,_Charles_Short1897" class="citation web cs1">Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=princeps1">"princeps, cĭpis, adj"</a>. <i>A Latin Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Latin+Dictionary&rft.atitle=princeps%2C+c%C4%ADpis%2C+adj.&rft.date=1897&rft.au=Charlton+T.+Lewis%2C+Charles+Short&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext.jsp%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dprinceps1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrinceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/princeps">Encyclopædia Britannica – Princeps</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A History of Rome to A.D. 565</i>, rev. 6th ed., Sinnigen & Boak, PanMacMillan, ç1975</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grant62-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grant62_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grant62_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfrica1991" class="citation book cs1">Africa, Thomas (1991). <i>The Immense Majesty: A History of Rome and the Roman Empire</i>. Harlan Davidson, Inc. p. 219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Immense+Majesty%3A+A+History+of+Rome+and+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Harlan+Davidson%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Africa&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrinceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suetonius</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grant, Michael, <i>The Twelve Caesars</i>, Michael Grant Publications 1975, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-14402-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-14402-6">0-684-14402-6</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princeps&oldid=1258181231">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princeps&oldid=1258181231</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_government" title="Category:Ancient Roman government">Ancient Roman government</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Roman_titles" title="Category:Ancient Roman titles">Ancient Roman titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_ranks_of_ancient_Rome" title="Category:Military ranks of ancient Rome">Military ranks of ancient Rome</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_titles" title="Category:Royal titles">Royal titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Noble_titles" title="Category:Noble titles">Noble titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Senate" title="Category:Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Augustus" title="Category:Augustus">Augustus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Incomplete_lists_from_May_2021" title="Category:Incomplete lists from May 2021">Incomplete lists from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2021">Articles needing additional references from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 15:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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