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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Star or angel which appears in the Book of Revelation</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_(1909)_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg/220px-Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="388" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg/330px-Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg/440px-Apokalipsis_trekhtolkoviy_%281909%29_24_-_Third_trumpet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>The star Wormwood falls towards the earth (1909 <a href="/wiki/Old_Believer" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Believer">Old Believer</a> illustration)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg/220px-Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg/330px-Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg/440px-Douce_Apocalypse_-_Bodleian_Ms180_-_p.025_Third_trumphet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Wormwood strikes the earth (<a href="/wiki/Douce_Apocalypse" title="Douce Apocalypse">Douce Apocalypse</a>, late 13th century)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wormwood</b> (ἀψίνθιον <i>apsinthion</i> or ἄψινθος <i>apsinthos</i> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> or <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which appears in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hebrew_Bible">Hebrew Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Hebrew Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a> word לענה (<i>la'anah</i>), translated into English as "wormwood", occurs nine times in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, seven times with the implication of bitterness and twice as a proper noun, in the Greek translation, naming the physical meteor in its orbit, in Revelation 8:11. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament">New Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek word <i>apsinthos</i>, which is rendered with the English "wormwood",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is mentioned only once in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The third angel blew his trumpet, and a great star fell from heaven, blazing like a torch, and it fell on a third of the rivers and on the springs of water. The name of the star is Wormwood. A third of the waters became wormwood, and many died from the water, because it was made bitter. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%208:10–11&version=nrsv">Rev 8:10–11</a>)</p></blockquote> <p><i>Apsinthos</i> is believed to refer to a plant of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemisia (genus)">Artemisia</a></i>, used metaphorically to mean something with a bitter taste.<sup id="cite_ref-danker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English rendering "wormwood" refers to the dark green oil produced by the plant, which was used to kill intestinal worms.<sup id="cite_ref-danker_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Revelation, it refers to the water being turned into wormwood, i.e. made bitter.<sup id="cite_ref-danker_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain commentators have held that this "great star" represents one of several important figures in political or ecclesiastical history: <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry" title="Matthew Henry">Matthew Henry</a> mentions <a href="/wiki/Augustulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustulus">Augustulus</a>, a 5th-century <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">emperor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pelagius" title="Pelagius">Pelagius</a>, deemed a <a href="/wiki/Heretic" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretic">heretic</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ephesus" title="Council of Ephesus">Council of Ephesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bible_dictionaries" title="List of Bible dictionaries">Bible dictionaries</a> and commentaries view the term as a reference to a celestial being; for example, <i>A Dictionary of the Holy Bible</i> states that "the star called Wormwood seems to denote a mighty prince, or power of the air, the instrument, in its fall".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historicist">Historicist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historicist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various religious groups and figures, including <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a> and the theologians <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry" title="Matthew Henry">Matthew Henry</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gill_(theologian)" title="John Gill (theologian)">John Gill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regard the verses of <a href="/wiki/Revelation_8" title="Revelation 8">Revelation 8</a> as symbolic references to past events in human history. In the case of Wormwood, some <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christian_eschatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historicism (Christian eschatology)">historicist</a> interpreters believe it represents the army of the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Attila_the_Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Attila the Hun">Attila</a>, pointing to chronological consistencies between the timeline of prophecy they have accepted and the history of the Huns’ campaign in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others point to the heretical priest <a href="/wiki/Arius" title="Arius">Arius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monk</a> <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_(British_monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagius (British monk)">Pelagius</a>, who denied the <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spiritual">Spiritual</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spiritual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgian New Church</a> follows a spiritual interpretation of the star Wormwood based on other passages of scripture which mention gall and wormwood. The star signifies self-derived intelligence which departs from God,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus it falls from heaven. For the star to make the waters of rivers and fountains bitter signifies to falsify spiritual truths,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as waters signify truths derived from the Word.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the Book of Revelation is seen as a prophecy of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">corruption of the Christian churches</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">End Times</a>, which is followed by the New Church signified by the <a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternative_interpretations">Alternative interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alternative interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of Bible scholars consider the term <i>Worm</i> ' to be a purely symbolic representation of the bitterness that will fill the earth during troubled times, noting that the <a href="/wiki/Absinth_Wormwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Absinth Wormwood">plant</a> for which Wormwood is named, <i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_absinthium" title="Artemisia absinthium">Artemisia absinthium</a></i>, or <a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_vulgaris" title="Artemisia vulgaris">Artemisia vulgaris</a></i>, is a known biblical metaphor for things that are unpalatably bitter.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chornobyl">Chornobyl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chornobyl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> word for <i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_vulgaris" title="Artemisia vulgaris">Artemisia vulgaris</a></i> being <i>chornobyl</i> ,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have used the <a href="/wiki/Chornobyl_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Chornobyl disaster">Chornobyl nuclear disaster</a> in 1986 as definitive proof that the prophecy in the Book of Revelation is correct.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verses referring to a "star falling down and turning the waters bitter" are interpreted as the radioactive fallout from the disaster poisoning the environment around <a href="/wiki/Chornobyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Chornobyl">Chornobyl</a>, leaving it uninhabitable.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the town centre of Chornobyl, there is the Wormwood Star Memorial, which depicts an angel blowing a trumpet, recalling the biblical prophecy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, James R., Oliver, Evelyn Dorothy (1996), <i>Angels A to Z</i>, entry: "Wormwood", p. 417, Visible Ink Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMusselman2007" class="citation web cs1">Musselman, Lytton John (12 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/bible/wormwood.php">"Wormwood"</a>. <i>Plant Site: Bible Plants</i>. Old Dominion University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plant+Site%3A+Bible+Plants&rft.atitle=Wormwood&rft.date=2007-04-12&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=Lytton+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.odu.edu%2F~lmusselm%2Fplant%2Fbible%2Fwormwood.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/interlinear/revelation/8.htm">"Revelation 8 Interlinear Bible"</a>. <i>Bible Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Hub&rft.atitle=Revelation+8+Interlinear+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Finterlinear%2Frevelation%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-danker-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-danker_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-danker_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-danker_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanker2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Danker" title="Frederick William Danker">Danker, Frederick W</a> (2000). "ἀψίνθιον". <i>A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature</i> (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-03933-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-03933-1"><bdi>0-226-03933-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%BC%80%CF%88%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon+of+the+New+Testament+and+Other+Early+Christian+Literature&rft.pages=161&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-226-03933-1&rft.aulast=Danker&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry, Matthew, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/henry/mhc6.xxvii.ix.html"><i>Commentary on the Whole Bible Volume VI (Acts to Revelation)</i>: Revelation Chap. VIII</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504110830/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/henry/mhc6.xxvii.ix.html">Archived</a> 2007-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Public domain, Library of Congress call no: BS490.H4, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/">Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a>, accessed 3 April 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rand, W. W. (1859), <i>A Dictionary of the Holy Bible: for general use in the study of the scriptures; with engravings, maps, and tables</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionholybible00randrich">Entry: <b>WORM WOOD</b></a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill, John, <i>Exposition of the Entire Bible</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/revelation-8-10.html">Revelation 8:10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061030170507/http://bible.crosswalk.com/Commentaries/GillsExpositionoftheBible/gil.cgi?book=re&chapter=008&verse=010&next=011&prev=009">Archived</a> 2006-10-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.crosswalk.com/">bible.crosswalk.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nichol, Francis D (1957), <i>The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary</i>, Volume 7, Revelation, p. 789, Review and Herald Publishing Association, Washington, D.C.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swedenborg, Emanuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/swd/ar/index.htm"><i>Apocalypse Revealed</i></a>, 1766 (AR), n. 408 and 151, 952.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AR, n. 410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AR, n. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AR, n. 876.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson, B. W. (1891), <i>The People's New Testament</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/j/johnson_bw/pnt/PNT27-08.HTM">The Revelation of John, Chapter VIII: The Seventh Seal Opened</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203125704/http://www.ccel.org/j/johnson_bw/pnt/PNT27-08.HTM">Archived</a> 2007-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org">Christian Classics Ethereal Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.crosswalk.com/Commentaries/GenevaStudyBible/gen.cgi?book=re&chapter=008">Revelation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926230941/http://bible.crosswalk.com/Commentaries/GenevaStudyBible/gen.cgi?book=re&chapter=008">Archived</a> 2007-09-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in the <i>Geneva Study Bible</i> (1599) at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.crosswalk.com">bible.crosswalk.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031211/http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=831">"Mugwort is Wormwood is Artemesia"</a>. <i>www.flavorandfortune.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flavorandfortune.com/dataaccess/article.php?ID=831">the original</a> on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.flavorandfortune.com&rft.atitle=Mugwort+is+Wormwood+is+Artemesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flavorandfortune.com%2Fdataaccess%2Farticle.php%3FID%3D831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herbal-supplement-resource.com/mugwort-herb.html">"Mugwort Herb Uses, Side Effects and Benefits"</a>. <i>The Herbal Resource</i>. 19 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Herbal+Resource&rft.atitle=Mugwort+Herb+Uses%2C+Side+Effects+and+Benefits&rft.date=2014-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herbal-supplement-resource.com%2Fmugwort-herb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vue.gov.ua/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0_(Artemisia_vulgaris)">"Полин звичайний, чорнобиль, нехвороща (Artemisia vulgaris)"</a> (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0+%28Artemisia+vulgaris%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvue.gov.ua%2F%25D0%259F%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%2C_%25D1%2587%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%2C_%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D1%2589%25D0%25B0_%28Artemisia_vulgaris%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann1986" class="citation news cs1">Schmemann, Serge (26 July 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/26/world/the-talk-of-moscow-chernobyl-fallout-apocalyptic-tale-and-fear.html/">"The Talk of Moscow; Chornobyl Fallout: Apocalyptic Tale and Fear"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Talk+of+Moscow%3B+Chornobyl+Fallout%3A+Apocalyptic+Tale+and+Fear&rft.date=1986-07-26&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F07%2F26%2Fworld%2Fthe-talk-of-moscow-chernobyl-fallout-apocalyptic-tale-and-fear.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endtime.com/articles-endtime-magazine/chernobyl-third-trumpet-revelation/">"Chornobyl - Third Trumpet of Revelation? | Endtime Ministries with Irvin Baxter"</a>. 20 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chornobyl+-+Third+Trumpet+of+Revelation%3F+%26%23124%3B+Endtime+Ministries+with+Irvin+Baxter&rft.date=2011-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.endtime.com%2Farticles-endtime-magazine%2Fchernobyl-third-trumpet-revelation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2017" class="citation news cs1">Paul (21 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bible-prophecy.co/seven-trumpets/">"Seven Trumpets & Fire from the Sky - Bible Prophecy"</a>. <i>The Partial Rapture & the Left Behind Church</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Partial+Rapture+%26+the+Left+Behind+Church&rft.atitle=Seven+Trumpets+%26+Fire+from+the+Sky+-+Bible+Prophecy&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.au=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible-prophecy.co%2Fseven-trumpets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/angel-monument-chernobyl">"Monument of the Third Angel: Chornobyl, Ukraine"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. 3 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Monument+of+the+Third+Angel%3A+Chornobyl%2C+Ukraine&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fangel-monument-chernobyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWormwood+%28Bible%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wormwood_(Bible)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/revelation/8-11.htm">Revelation 8:11 The name of the star is called Wormwood</a></li></ul> <style 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