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class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikidata</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Property proposal/prototypical syntactic role of argument</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint"> From Wikidata </div> <div id="contentSub"> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <div class="subpages"> < <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikidata:Property proposal">Wikidata:Property proposal</a></bdi> </div> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div><a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section">  <h2 id="prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument" data-mw-thread-id="h-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"></span><span id="‎prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">‎prototypical syntactic role of argument</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: ‎prototypical syntactic role of argument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> <div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"> <div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata">  </div> <div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions">  </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/Lexemes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexemes">Return to Wikidata:Property proposal/Lexemes</a></p> <div class="property-navibox" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2262253935">.mw-parser-output .property-navibox{background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#f1f4fd);border:3px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1)}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-header{background:var(--background-color-progressive-subtle,#f1f4fd);outline:3px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);padding:4px}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-links{float:right;margin:0}body.rtl .mw-parser-output .property-navibox-links{float:left}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-links li{display:inline;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-links li:after{display:inline;content:" – "}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-links li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-main{overflow-x:auto}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox table{display:table;overflow-x:visible}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-main tr{vertical-align:text-top}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox[dir="ltr"] .property-navibox-main th{padding-right:1em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox[dir="rtl"] .property-navibox-main th{padding-left:1em;text-align:right}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-header{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse}.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-main>table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .property-navibox-main>table>tbody>tr>th{display:block}}</style> <div class="property-navibox-header"> <ul class="property-navibox-links plainlinks"> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul> <div> <span style="background-color:#CCC;"> </span> Under discussion </div> </div> <div class="property-navibox-main"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Description</th> <td><span dir="ltr" lang="en">qualifier for <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a> indicating the most basic/fundamental syntactic position of that argument for that verb sense (that is, when the argument structure is not subject to any alternations)</span></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Data type</th> <td><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Data_type?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#wikibase-item" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Data type">Item</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Domain</th> <td>senses on verb lexemes</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Allowed values</th> <td>any item indicating a syntactic position (subclasses of <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q11953984?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q11953984">linguistic unit <small>(Q11953984)</small></a>, but this may be too general?)</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Example 1</th> <td>(<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexeme:L1163?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#S1" title="Lexeme:L1163"><span lang="en" dir="auto">gather</span> <small>(L1163-S1)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q128357561?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q128357561">gatherer <small>(Q128357561)</small></a>) → <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q164573?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q164573">subject <small>(Q164573)</small></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Example 2</th> <td>(<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexeme:L332143?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#S1" title="Lexeme:L332143"><span lang="en" dir="auto">liquefy</span> <small>(L332143-S1)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q127789399?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q127789399">entity being liquefied <small>(Q127789399)</small></a>) → <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q2990574?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q2990574">direct object <small>(Q2990574)</small></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Example 3</th> <td>(<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lexeme:L5421?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#S2" title="Lexeme:L5421"><span lang="en" dir="auto">accept</span> <small>(L5421-S2)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a> <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q126380671?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q126380671">source of accepted entity <small>(Q126380671)</small></a>) → <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q3685157?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q3685157">source location complement <small>(Q3685157)</small></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Planned use</th> <td>replace <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P3831?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P3831">object of statement has role <small dir="ltr">(P3831)</small></a> qualifying <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a> to use this property as a qualifier instead</td> </tr> <tr> <th>See also</th> <td><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9970">predicate for <small dir="ltr">(P9970)</small></a>, <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P9971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P9971">has semantic argument <small dir="ltr">(P9971)</small></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Motivation" data-mw-thread-id="h-Motivation-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Motivation-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument"></span><span dir="ltr" lang="en">Motivation</span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Motivation-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Motivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <p>This property is intended as a substitute for <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P3831?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P3831">object of statement has role <small dir="ltr">(P3831)</small></a> on the semantic arguments of verb lexemes, as it helps to clarify that the particular syntactic position taken by a semantic argument is not the only such position that can be taken.</p> <p>Verb predicates are planned to be modeled so that they can be reasoned about in terms of the roles played by their arguments, rather than by any particular syntactic position they may take in a sentence—so that instead of talking about 'liquefaction' involving a 'subject' and a 'direct object', or as involving an 'agent' and a 'patient', it is instead thought of as involving a 'liquifier' and an 'entity being liquefied'. This has the advantage that someone wanting to model instances of liquefaction—whether in Wikidata items or in the future in Abstract Wikipedia content—need not have to worry about the linguistic question of whether the 'entity being liquefied' is a theme or patient or whatever.</p> <p>It is certainly possible to tie these roles to the syntactic positions they take <i>with respect to the specific verb 'liquefy' in English</i> by using <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property:P3831?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property:P3831">object of statement has role <small dir="ltr">(P3831)</small></a>, but this may imply to the viewer that e.g. <i>when using the verb 'liquefy' in English</i> the 'liquifier' is <i>always</i> the subject and the 'entity being liquefied' <i>always</i> the direct object. Indeed, for many verbs across languages there are documented variations in their argument structure, and resources like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://valpal.info/">ValPal</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uvi.colorado.edu/">the Unified Verb Index</a> can be browsed which highlight such alternations in lots of different verbs.</p> <p>As an example <i>in English</i>, one of these is the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://valpal.info/alternations/3426975931">Instrumental Subject</a> alternation, that turns a phrase like "John liquefied the tomatoes with a blender"—where 'John' is the liquifier (an <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q392648?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q392648">agent <small>(Q392648)</small></a>), 'tomatoes' is the entity being liquefied (a <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q170212?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q170212">patient <small>(Q170212)</small></a>), and 'blender' is a tool used in the liquefaction (an <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q6535309?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q6535309">instrument <small>(Q6535309)</small></a>)—into "A blender liquefied the tomatoes"—where the three nouns <i>still retain their semantic argument roles</i> (the blender did not somehow gain the kind of conscious awareness expected of an agent) but appear in the sentence in different places or are removed completely (the sentence now begins by mentioning the blender instead of John, and the question of who/what is controlling the blender is now unstated).</p> <p>These variations, however, imply that there is some 'basic' or 'prototypical' syntactic arrangement of arguments that is being modified by that alternation, and this proposal serves to indicate that 'basic' or 'prototypical' syntactic arrangement. The proposal here is independent of the particular means of recording applicable alternations of a lexeme sense's argument structure, which is to be determined later.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Discussion" data-mw-thread-id="h-Discussion-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Discussion-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"></span>Discussion<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Discussion-prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument-20241104213000"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Discussion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000-Discussion"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/15px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/23px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/30px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250"></span></span> <b>Comment</b> I'm afraid I find this proposal confusing, can you explain a bit better. How is a liquefied entity the direct object of "liquify", for example, wouldn't the direct object be the entity before it was liquified? <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:ArthurPSmith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:ArthurPSmith">ArthurPSmith</a> (<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User_talk:ArthurPSmith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User talk:ArthurPSmith"><span class="signature-talk">talk</span></a>) <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#c-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000-Discussion" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:30, 4 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000-Discussion"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000-Discussion"></span> <ul> <li><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Mahir256-20241112041000-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000"></span>@<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:ArthurPSmith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:ArthurPSmith"><bdi>ArthurPSmith</bdi></a>: Sorry about the confusion; I added a more in-depth explanation above. (Also the label for the role taken by the direct object of 'liquefy' was not precise enough and has been adjusted.) <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:Mahir256?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:Mahir256">Mahir256</a> (<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User_talk:Mahir256?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User talk:Mahir256"><span class="signature-talk">talk</span></a>) <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#c-Mahir256-20241112041000-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:10, 12 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Mahir256-20241112041000-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Mahir256-20241112041000-ArthurPSmith-20241104213000"></span> <dl> <dd> <span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-ChristianKl-20241113140600-Mahir256-20241112041000"></span>For a property to work well it has to be understood by reading the property description. If it's necessary to read the motivation part to understand what a property does, there a good chance that problems will arise in the practice of using the property. <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:ChristianKl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:ChristianKl"><span style="color:#0000EE;"><b>ChristianKl</b></span></a> ❪<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User_talk:ChristianKl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User talk:ChristianKl">✉</a>❫ <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#c-ChristianKl-20241113140600-Mahir256-20241112041000" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:06, 13 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-ChristianKl-20241113140600-Mahir256-20241112041000"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-ChristianKl-20241113140600-Mahir256-20241112041000"></span> </dd> </dl></li> </ul></li> <li><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-عُثمان-20241114040000-Discussion"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/15px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/23px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pictogram_voting_comment.svg/30px-Pictogram_voting_comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250"></span></span> <b>Comment</b> I would like to give this more thought, but I think this proposal could use some more clarity. I will note that conscious awareness or animacy are not prerequisites for agency. Take this Hindustani sentence (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Urdu_March_14/c3QjAwAAQBAJ?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3D%2522%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%2B%25D9%2586%25DB%2592%2522%26pg%3DPT107%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">source</a>) for example:</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> مشین نے ہمیں ٹکٹ دے دیا </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> मशीन ने हमें टिकट दे दिया </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>“Ticket got given to us by machine,” roughly translated, where the machine is marked as an oblique agent with the ergative postposition, the personal pronoun is in the dative case as a recipient of the ticket, and the ticket as the subject of the sentence. Their roles are the giver, recipient, and given entity respectively. The ergative construction emphasizes the fact that we/us do not have agency, our receipt of the ticket is dependent on whether or not the machine produces is it. Similarly to the liquefy sentences above are intended to exemplify, we can alter the sentence to exclude the agent:</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> ہمیں ٹکٹ دے گیا </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> हमें टिकट दे गिया </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>However, the syntactic roles are exactly the same and the alternation is external to the lexeme for the main verb. (Hindustani generally is a language that I think would not have reason to use this property at all if implemented as proposed.)</p> <p>Considering liquefy again, we can construct a sentence like:</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> An igneous intrusion liquefied its surroundings with molten rock. </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>Wherein an inanimate agent is used with an instrument - by comparison, it is possible to see how blender as well can be considered as filling the agent slot (in some cases). ValPal gives an interesting example for the instrumental subject alternation in “fill” which is less ambiguous:</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> Water filled the cup. </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>Unlike a sentence such as, “raindrops hit the ground,” the water is still an instrument in the above sentence. The alternation effectively emphasizes that the water can be used to complete the action. We can make a case for blender as instrument rather than agent by comparing sentences which emphasize the fact that the blender can be used to complete the action of liquefying:</p> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> The blender liquefies food. </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> John liquefies food with his blender. </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p>In the first sentence, it is implied that the blender is able to liquefy food (to completion), and in the second the action is given a more habitual connotation as ascribed to its agent subject.</p> <p>All that is to say, it is not clear at the moment how to demonstrate which syntactic roles can be considered prototypical, whether an alternation requires those roles to change for the arguments or is expressed through other means, and how to model the relationship of alternations to other features of the predicate sense such as telicity. -<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:%D8%B9%D9%8F%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:عُثمان">عُثمان</a> (<a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/User_talk:%D8%B9%D9%8F%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User talk:عُثمان"><span class="signature-talk">talk</span></a>) <a href="https://www-wikidata-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata:Property_proposal/prototypical_syntactic_role_of_argument?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#c-عُثمان-20241114040000-Discussion" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">04:00, 14 November 2024 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-عُثمان-20241114040000-Discussion"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" 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