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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ma Nishtana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1_Nishtan%C3%A1" title="Má Nishtaná – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Má Nishtaná" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Nishtana" title="Ma Nishtana – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ma Nishtana" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Nishtana" title="Ma Nishtana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ma Nishtana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מה נשתנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מה נשתנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מה נשתנה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מה נשתנה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E8%AE%A9" title="是什么让 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="是什么让" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First words of each of Four Questions in the Seder observance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the game, see <a href="/wiki/Ma_Nishtana_(game)" title="Ma Nishtana (game)">Ma Nishtana (game)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Four questions" redirects here. For the four questions of evolutionary explanation, see <a href="/wiki/Tinbergen%27s_four_questions" title="Tinbergen's four questions">Tinbergen's four questions</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the rabbi and writer, see <a href="/wiki/Shais_Rishon" title="Shais Rishon">Shais Rishon</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarajevo_Haggadah_Ma_Nishtana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sarajevo_Haggadah_Ma_Nishtana.jpg/300px-Sarajevo_Haggadah_Ma_Nishtana.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sarajevo_Haggadah_Ma_Nishtana.jpg/450px-Sarajevo_Haggadah_Ma_Nishtana.jpg 1.5x, 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccddff;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menora.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah(מְנוֹרָה)"><img alt="Menorah(מְנוֹרָה)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/30px-Menora.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/45px-Menora.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Menora.svg/60px-Menora.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="621" /></a><figcaption>Menorah(מְנוֹרָה)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Israel"><img alt="Flag of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/45px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/60px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Israel</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Jewish and<br />Israeli music</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#dcdde0;"> <a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Jewish_religious_music" title="Contemporary Jewish religious music">Contemporary</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Piyyut" title="Piyyut">Piyyut</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zemirot" title="Zemirot">Zemirot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nigun" title="Nigun">Nigun</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Pizmonim" title="Pizmonim">Pizmonim</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baqashot" title="Baqashot">Baqashot</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#dcdde0;"> <a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">Klezmer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_music" title="Sephardic music">Sephardic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_music" title="Mizrahi music">Mizrahi</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music#Jews_in_mainstream_and_jazz_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Mainstream and jazz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music#Jews_in_classical_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Classical</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish art music">Jewish art music</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#dcdde0;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Israel" title="Music of Israel">Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hatikvah" title="Hatikvah">Hatikvah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_of_Gold" title="Jerusalem of Gold">Jerusalem of Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Both_from_the_Same_Village" title="We Are Both from the Same Village">We Are Both from the Same Village</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#dcdde0;"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Israeli_folk_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli folk dancing">Israeli folk dancing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance#Ballet" title="Jewish dance">Ballet</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hora_(dance)#Israeli_hora" title="Hora (dance)">Horah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_step" title="Yemenite step">Yemenite dancing</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#dcdde0;"> Music for holidays</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabbat music">Shabbat</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music" title="Hanukkah music">Hanukkah</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music#Hanukkah_blessings" title="Hanukkah music">Blessings</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oh_Chanukah" title="Oh Chanukah">Oh Chanukah</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Little_Dreidel" title="I Have a Little Dreidel">Dreidel song</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music#Al_Hanisim" title="Hanukkah music">Al Hanisim</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music#Mi_Y'malel" title="Hanukkah music">Mi Y'malel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_music#Ner_Li" title="Hanukkah music">Ner Li</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Passover_songs" title="Passover songs">Passover (Haggadah)</a></dt></dl> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ma Nishtana</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dayenu" title="Dayenu">Dayenu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adir_Hu" title="Adir Hu">Adir Hu</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chad_Gadya" title="Chad Gadya">Chad Gadya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Echad_Mi_Yodea" title="Echad Mi Yodea">Echad Mi Yodea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/L%27Shana_Haba%27ah" title="L'Shana Haba'ah">L'Shana Haba'ah</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Lag_BaOmer" title="Lag BaOmer">Lag BaOmer</a></dt></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bar_Yochai_(song)" title="Bar Yochai (song)">Bar Yochai</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:JewishMusic" title="Template:JewishMusic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:JewishMusic" title="Template talk:JewishMusic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:JewishMusic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:JewishMusic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ma Nishtana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מה נשתנה</span>) It is a section at the beginning of the Passover <a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">Haggadah</a> known as <b>The</b> <b>Four Kushiyot</b>, <b>The Four Questions</b> or "Why is this night different from all other nights?", traditionally asked via song by the youngest capable child attending <a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Passover Seder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The questions are included in the <a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">haggadah</a> as part of the Maggid (מגיד) section.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The questions originate in the <a href="/wiki/Mishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Mishna">Mishna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesachim" title="Pesachim">Pesachim</a> 10:4, but are quoted differently in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmuds</a>. The Jerusalem Talmud only records three questions; why foods are dipped twice as opposed to once, why <a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">matzah</a> is eaten, and why the meat sacrifice eaten is exclusively roasted. (The last question is a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Paschal_sacrifice" class="mw-redirect" title="Paschal sacrifice">paschal sacrifice</a> which was fire-roasted).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Babylonian Talmud quotes four questions; why matzah is eaten, why <a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">maror</a> is eaten, why meat that is eaten is exclusively roasted, and why food is dipped twice.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version in the Jerusalem Talmud is also the one most commonly found in manuscripts.<sup id="cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagadah_shleimah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the paschal sacrifice was not eaten after the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_the_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of the temple">destruction of the temple</a>, the question about the meat was dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam">Rambam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a> both add a new question to the liturgy to replace it: "why do we recline on this night?"<sup id="cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagadah_shleimah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the question of reclining was maintained, in part to create a parallelism between the number of questions and the other occurrences of the number four in the <a href="/wiki/Hagaddah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagaddah">hagaddah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hagadah_shleimah-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_tunes">Contemporary tunes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporary tunes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="130" data-mwtitle="The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_Mah_Nishtanah_931072_cd-03249_mzsdt047b.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_Mah_Nishtanah_931072_cd-03249_mzsdt047b.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_Mah_Nishtanah_931072_cd-03249_mzsdt047b.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_Mah_Nishtanah_931072_cd-03249_mzsdt047b.ogg/The_National_Library_of_Israel_-_Mah_Nishtanah_931072_cd-03249_mzsdt047b.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Ma Nishtana in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, <i>Ma Nishtana</i> is recited in the chant form called the major <i>lern-steiger</i> ("study mode" – a chant used for reciting lessons from the Talmud or Mishnah).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the current tunes widely used for the Ma Nishtana was written by <a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Abileah" title="Ephraim Abileah">Ephraim Abileah</a> in 1936 as part of his oratorio "Chag Ha-Cherut".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following text is that which is recorded in the original printed Haggadah. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Transliteration </th> <th>Hebrew </th></tr> <tr> <td>Why is this night different <br />from all the other nights?; </td> <td>Mah nishtanah, ha-laylah ha-zeh,<br />mi-kol ha-leylot </td> <td align="right"><big>מַה נִּשְׁתַּנָּה, הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה<br />מִכָּל הַלֵּילוֹת</big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>That on all other nights we eat both <br /><a href="/wiki/Chametz" title="Chametz">chametz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">matzah</a>,<br />on this night, we eat only matzah? </td> <td>She-b'khol ha-leylot 'anu 'okhlin<br />chameytz u-matzah,<br />ha-laylah ha-zeh, kulo matzah </td> <td align="right"><big>שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין<br />חָמֵץ וּמַצָּה<br />הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה, כֻּלּוֹ מַצָּה</big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>That on all other nights we eat<br />many vegetables,<br />on this night, <a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">maror</a>? </td> <td>She-b'khol ha-leylot 'anu 'okhlin<br />sh'ar y'rakot,<br />ha-laylah ha-zeh, maror </td> <td align="right"><big>שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין<br />שְׁאָר יְרָקוֹת<br />הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה, מָרוֹר</big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>That on all other nights we do not<br />dip vegetables even once,<br />on this night, we dip twice? </td> <td>She-b'khol ha-leylot 'eyn 'anu<br />matbilin 'afilu pa`am 'achat,<br />ha-laylah ha-zeh, shtey p`amim </td> <td align="right"><big>שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אֵין אָנוּ<br />מַטְבִּילִין אֲפִילוּ פַּעַם אֶחָת<br />הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה, שְׁתֵּי פְעָמִים</big> </td></tr> <tr> <td>That on all other nights <br />some eat and drink sitting with others reclining,<br />but on this night, we are all reclining? </td> <td>She-b'khol ha-leylot 'anu 'okhlin<br />ushotin beyn yoshvin u-veyn m'subin,<br />ha-laylah ha-zeh, kulanu m'subin </td> <td align="right"><big>שֶׁבְּכָל הַלֵּילוֹת אָנוּ אוֹכְלִין ושותין <br />בֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין וּבֵין מְסֻבִּין<br />הַלַּיְלָה הַזֶּה, כֻּלָּנוּ מְסֻבִּין</big> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternate_order">Alternate order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alternate order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> tradition, the order is as follows: 1. Eating matzah 2. Eating bitter herbs 3. Dipping the food 4. Reclining. The Ashkenazi communities also omit the use of the word "ushotin", which means "to drink". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Szyk_(1894-1951)._The_Haggadah,_The_Four_Questions_(1935),_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA,_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg/220px-Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg/330px-Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg/440px-Arthur_Szyk_%281894-1951%29._The_Haggadah%2C_The_Four_Questions_%281935%29%2C_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA%2C_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="2156" /></a><figcaption>The Four Questions (1935), Łódź, Poland</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A fifth question which is present in the mishnah has been removed by later authorities due to its inapplicability after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">destruction of the Second Temple</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>5. Why is it that on all other nights we eat meat either roasted, marinated, or cooked, but on this night it is entirely roasted?</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Answers">Answers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Answers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The answers to the four questions (and the historic fifth question) are: </p> <ol><li>We eat only matzah because our ancestors could not wait for their breads to rise when they were fleeing slavery in Egypt, and so they were flat when they came out of the oven.</li> <li>We eat only Maror, a bitter herb, to remind us of the bitterness of slavery that our ancestors endured while in Egypt.</li> <li>The first dip, green vegetables in salt water, symbolizes the replacing of our tears with gratitude, and the second dip, Maror in <a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a>, symbolizes the sweetening of our burden of bitterness and suffering.</li> <li>We recline at the Seder table because in ancient times, a person who reclined at a meal was a free person, while slaves and servants stood.</li> <li>We eat only roasted meat because that is how the Pesach/Passover lamb is prepared during sacrifice in the Temple at Jerusalem.</li></ol> <p>Some of these answers are stated over the course of the Seder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_use">Contemporary use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Contemporary use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The four questions are traditionally asked by the youngest person at the table that is able to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-jewfaq_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewfaq-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the seder is designed to fulfill the biblical obligation to tell the story to one's children,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many of the customs that have developed around the Four Questions are designed to pique a child's curiosity about what is happening in order to hold their attention.<sup id="cite_ref-jewfaq_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewfaq-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Passover Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_mitzvah_to_tell_the_story_of_the_exodus_from_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="The mitzvah to tell the story of the exodus from Egypt">The mitzvah to tell the story of the exodus from Egypt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yahadut.org/en/shabbat-and-festivals/the-seder/starting-the-seder-with-questions/">"Starting the Seder with Questions - Jewish Tradition"</a>. <i>yahadut.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yahadut.org&rft.atitle=Starting+the+Seder+with+Questions+-+Jewish+Tradition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyahadut.org%2Fen%2Fshabbat-and-festivals%2Fthe-seder%2Fstarting-the-seder-with-questions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMa+Nishtana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem Talmud, Pesachim, 60b</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Talmud bavli, Pesachim, 116a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagadah_shleimah-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hagadah_shleimah_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasher" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Mendel_Kasher" title="Menachem Mendel Kasher">Kasher, Menachem Mendel</a>. <bdi lang="he">הגדה שלמה</bdi> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: תורה שלמה.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94&rft.aulast=Kasher&rft.aufirst=Menachem+Mendel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMa+Nishtana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Rambam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam">Rambam</a>, Mishnah Torah, hilchot chumetz u matza, 8:3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nulman, Macy, <i>Concise Encyclopedia of Jewish Music</i> (1975, NY: McGraw-Hill) pp. 94 (s.v. "Haggadah") & 151 (s.v. "lern-steiger", with a music score for Ma Nishtana).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss" class="citation web cs1">Weiss, Sam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chazzanut.com/articles/on-mah-nishtanah.html">"Chazzanut – Mah Nishtanah"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chazzanut+%E2%80%93+Mah+Nishtanah&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chazzanut.com%2Farticles%2Fon-mah-nishtanah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMa+Nishtana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewfaq-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewfaq_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewfaq_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewfaq.org/seder.htm">"Judaism 101: Pesach Seder: How is This Night Different"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judaism+101%3A+Pesach+Seder%3A+How+is+This+Night+Different&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewfaq.org%2Fseder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMa+Nishtana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exodus, 13:8</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Nishtana&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/662797/jewish/Ma-Nishtana.htm">Listen to the Ma Nishtana online</a></li> <li>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ph.yhb.org.il/en/04-15-04/">The Text of "Ma Nishtana"</a> in the book <a href="/wiki/Peninei_Halakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peninei Halakha">Peninei Halakha</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Passover_footer" title="Template:Passover footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Passover_footer" title="Template talk:Passover footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Passover_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Passover footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Passover" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder" title="Passover Seder">Seder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afikoman" title="Afikoman">Afikoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">The Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha_Lachma_Anya" title="Ha Lachma Anya">Ha Lachma Anya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ma Nishtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/With_a_strong_hand_and_an_outstretched_arm" title="With a strong hand and an outstretched arm">"Outstretched Arm"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagues_of_Egypt" title="Plagues of Egypt">Ten Plagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Passover_Seder" title="White House Passover Seder">White House Passover Seder</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Plate" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate" title="Passover Seder plate">Plate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate#Beitzah" title="Passover Seder plate">Beitzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate#Charoset" title="Passover Seder plate">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate#Karpas" title="Passover Seder plate">Karpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate#Maror_and_Chazeret" title="Passover Seder plate">Maror and Chazeret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_Seder_plate#Zeroah" title="Passover Seder plate">Zeroah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haggadah" title="Haggadah">Haggadah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Passover_songs" title="Passover songs">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adir_Hu" title="Adir Hu">Adir Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Gadya" title="Chad Gadya">Chad Gadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayenu" title="Dayenu">Dayenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echad_Mi_Yodea" title="Echad Mi Yodea">Echad Mi Yodea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Shana_Haba%27ah" title="L'Shana Haba'ah">L'Shana Haba'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehi_Sheamda" title="Vehi Sheamda">Vehi Sheamda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Illustrations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Haggadah" title="Amsterdam Haggadah">Amsterdam Haggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds%27_Head_Haggadah" title="Birds' Head Haggadah">Birds' Head Haggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_House_Haggadah" title="Maxwell House Haggadah">Maxwell House Haggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo_Haggadah" title="Sarajevo Haggadah">Sarajevo Haggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szyk_Haggadah" title="Szyk Haggadah">Szyk Haggadah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Haggadah" title="Washington Haggadah">Washington Haggadah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Foods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chremslach" title="Chremslach">Chremslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_ball" title="Matzah ball">Matzah ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_lasagna" title="Matzo lasagna">Matzo lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_meal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzah meal">Matzah meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_pizza" title="Matzah pizza">Matzah pizza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoquiles" title="Matzoquiles">Matzoquiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streit%27s" title="Streit's">Streit's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etablissements_Ren%C3%A9_Neymann" title="Etablissements René Neymann">René Neymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Matzos" title="Yehuda Matzos">Yehuda Matzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakusen%27s" title="Rakusen's">Rakusen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osem_(company)" title="Osem (company)">Osem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Main courses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_kugel" title="Potato kugel">Potato kugel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kichel" title="Kichel">Egg kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flourless_chocolate_cake" title="Flourless chocolate cake">Flourless chocolate cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meringue" title="Meringue">Meringue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedikat_Chametz" title="Bedikat Chametz">Bedikat Chametz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_of_the_Firstborn" title="Fast of the Firstborn">Fast of the Firstborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Passover_on_Shabbat" title="Eve of Passover on Shabbat">Eve of Passover on Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover_sacrifice" title="Passover sacrifice">Passover sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMoed" title="Chol HaMoed">Chol HaMoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimouna" title="Mimouna">Mimouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isru_Chag" class="mw-redirect" title="Isru Chag">Isru Chag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesach_Sheni" title="Pesach Sheni">Pesach Sheni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Laws/customs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chametz" title="Chametz">Chametz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dough_offering#The_Mitzvah_in_modern_practice" title="Dough offering">Challah from Shmurah Matzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitniyot" title="Kitniyot">Kitniyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebrochts" title="Gebrochts">Gebrochts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Tov_Torah_readings#Passover" title="Yom Tov Torah readings">Torah readings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_dew" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayer for dew">Prayer for dew</a></li></ul> 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