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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> A novel species and a new host record of Trichoderma from caves in Yunnan Province, China | Phytotaxa </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/public/journals/2/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.6"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="XIANGFU LIU"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="AJAY K. GAUTAM"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="NAKARIN SUWANNARACH"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="K. W. THILINI CHETHANA"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="SAMANTHA C. KARUNARATHNA"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2025-03-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2025-01-08"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2025-03-20"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2025-03-20"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Caves offer distinct environmental conditions that foster fungal diversity, and to date, over 2,000 fungal species have been recorded in cave ecosystems. During our surveys of cave fungi in Yunnan Province, China, we isolated several intriguing fungal strains. Detailed morphological characteristics and combined multi-locus phylogeny of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) revealed that four new isolates represent a new species (Trichoderma cavernicola) and a new host record (Trichoderma capillare) in Harzianum clade and Longibrachiatum clade of Trichoderma, respectively. The new species is introduced based on molecular differences and morphological distinctions in colony appearance and size of phialides, supporting cells, conidia, and chlamydospores in comparison to the closely related species. Comprehensive descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic analysis results are provided. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the understanding of cave fungi and broaden the knowledge of fungal diversity in China. "/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="phytotaxa.694.2.2"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="119-143 "/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.11646/phytotaxa.694.2.2"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.694.2.2"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2025 Phytotaxa"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content=""/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="Phytotaxa"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="1179-3163"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="694"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" xml:lang="en" content="Fungi"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="<strong>A novel species and a new host record of <em>Trichoderma</em> from caves in Yunnan Province, China</strong>"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Article"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Phytotaxa"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Phytotaxa"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1179-3163"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="XIANGFU LIU"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, People’s Republic of China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, People’s Republic of China"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="AJAY K. GAUTAM"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Patanjali Herbal Research Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="NAKARIN SUWANNARACH"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="K. W. THILINI CHETHANA"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="SAMANTHA C. 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src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/public/journals/2/submission_52868_75706_coverImage_en_US.jpg"> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-row"> <div class="jatsParser__meta-section-title"> <span>Issue: <a href="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/issue/view/phytotaxa.694.2"> Vol. 694 No. 2: 20 Mar. 2025 </a> </span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-section-title"> <span>Type: Article</span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-date-published"> <span>Published:<span> <span>2025-03-20</span> </div> <div class="jatsParser__meta-doi"> <span class="jatsParser__doi-label"> DOI: </span> <span class="jatsParser__meta-doi-value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.694.2.2"> 10.11646/phytotaxa.694.2.2 </a> </span> </div> <div class="pages"> <span>Page range:</span> 119-143 </div> <div class="views"> <span>Abstract views:</span> 121 </div> <div class="views"> <span>PDF downloaded:</span> 3 </div> </div> <h1 class="jatsParser__meta-title"><strong>A novel species and a new host record of <em>Trichoderma</em> from caves in Yunnan Province, China</strong></h1> <ul class="jatsParser__meta-authors"> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-1"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">XIANGFU LIU</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-2094"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-2"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-6547"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-3"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">AJAY K. GAUTAM</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0140-7710"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-4"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">NAKARIN SUWANNARACH</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-1913"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-5"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-7853"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-6"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-5841"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-7"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">K. W. THILINI CHETHANA</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-9269"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> <li><a class="jatsParser__meta-author-string-href" href="#author-8"><span class="jatsParser__meta-author">SAMANTHA C. KARUNARATHNA</span><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-plus">+</sup><sup class="jatsParser__meta-symbol jatsParser__symbol-minus jatsParser__hide">−</sup></a><a class="jatsParser__meta-orcidImage" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-0781"><img src="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/plugins/themes/oldGregg/templates/images/orcid.png"></a></li> </ul> <div class="jatsParser__details-authors"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-1"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, People’s Republic of China</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-2"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, People’s Republic of China</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-3"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Patanjali Herbal Research Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar-249405, Uttarakhand, India</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-4"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-5"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-6"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-7"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand</div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__details-author jatsParser__hideAuthor" id="jatsParser__author-8"> <div class="jatsParser__details-author-affiliation">Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, People’s Republic of China</div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-wrapper"> <div class="jatsParser__keywords-row"> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">cave fungi</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Hypocreaceae</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">microfungi</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">morphology</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">taxonomy</span> <span class="jatsParser__keyword">Fungi</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__articleView"> <div class="jatsParser__left-article-block"> <div class="article-page__galleys"> <ul class="list-galleys primary-galleys"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf restricted" href="https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.694.2.2/52728"> <span class="pkp_screen_reader"> Requires Subscription or Fee </span> PDF(9.44MB) </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__center-article-block"> <div class="jatsParser__article-fulltext" id="jatsParserFullText"> <h2 class="article-section-title jatsParser__abstract">Abstract</h2> <p>Caves offer distinct environmental conditions that foster fungal diversity, and to date, over 2,000 fungal species have been recorded in cave ecosystems. During our surveys of cave fungi in Yunnan Province, China, we isolated several intriguing fungal strains. Detailed morphological characteristics and combined multi-locus phylogeny of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (<em>RPB2</em>), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<em>TEF1-α</em>) revealed that four new isolates represent a new species (<em>Trichoderma cavernicola</em>) and a new host record (<em>Trichoderma capillare</em>) in Harzianum clade and Longibrachiatum clade of <em>Trichoderma</em>, respectively. The new species is introduced based on molecular differences and morphological distinctions in colony appearance and size of phialides, supporting cells, conidia, and chlamydospores in comparison to the closely related species. Comprehensive descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic analysis results are provided. Furthermore, our findings provide new insights into the understanding of cave fungi and broaden the knowledge of fungal diversity in China. </p> <h2 class="article-section-title jatsParser__references">References</h2> <ol class="jatsParser__references-list"> <li>Alfiky, A. & Weisskopf, L. (2021) Deciphering Trichoderma-plant-pathogen interactions for better development of biocontrol applications. Journal of Fungi 7: 61. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061">https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061</a> </li> <li>Anand, P., Isar, J., Saran, S. & Saxena, R.K. (2006) Bioaccumulation of copper by Trichoderma viride. Bioresour Technol 97: 1018–1025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.046">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.046</a> </li> <li>Atanasova, L., Druzhinina, I.S. & Jaklitsch, W.M. (2013) Two hundred Trichoderma species recognized based on molecular phylogeny. In: Mukherjee, P.K., Singh, U.S., Horwitz, B.A., Schmoll, M. & Mukherjee, M. (Eds.) 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(2024) Twelve species of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) new to China and three new combinations. Mycosystema 33: 1175–1209. [In Chinese] </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="jatsParser__right-article-block"> <h3 class="article__header"> How to Cite </h3> <div class="citation_format_value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> LIU, XIANGFU, SAOWALUCK TIBPROMMA, AJAY K. GAUTAM, NAKARIN SUWANNARACH, ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN, EKACHAI CHUKEATIROTE, K. W. THILINI CHETHANA, and SAMANTHA C. 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