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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Biografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jovença_e_formacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jovença_e_formacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jovença e formacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jovença_e_formacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dei_premierei_publicacions_au_rescòntre_amb_Engels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dei_premierei_publicacions_au_rescòntre_amb_Engels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dei premierei publicacions au rescòntre amb Engels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dei_premierei_publicacions_au_rescòntre_amb_Engels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dau_materialisme_istoric_au_Manifèst_dau_Partit_Comunista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dau_materialisme_istoric_au_Manifèst_dau_Partit_Comunista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Dau materialisme istoric au <i>Manifèst dau Partit Comunista</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dau_materialisme_istoric_au_Manifèst_dau_Partit_Comunista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_revolucions_de_1848_e_l'exili_en_Anglatèrra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_revolucions_de_1848_e_l'exili_en_Anglatèrra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Lei revolucions de 1848 e l'exili en Anglatèrra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_revolucions_de_1848_e_l'exili_en_Anglatèrra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_Capitau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_Capitau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Lo <i>Capitau</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_Capitau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_formacion_dau_socialisme_europèu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_formacion_dau_socialisme_europèu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>La formacion dau socialisme europèu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_formacion_dau_socialisme_europèu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'òbra_de_Karl_Marx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'òbra_de_Karl_Marx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>L'òbra de Karl Marx</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-L'òbra_de_Karl_Marx-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció L'òbra de Karl Marx</span> </button> <ul id="toc-L'òbra_de_Karl_Marx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_critica_de_la_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_critica_de_la_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>La critica de la religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_critica_de_la_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_critica_de_la_filosofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_critica_de_la_filosofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La critica de la filosofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_critica_de_la_filosofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_critica_de_la_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_critica_de_la_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>La critica de la politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_critica_de_la_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_revolucion_proletariana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_revolucion_proletariana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>La revolucion proletariana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_revolucion_proletariana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_descripcion_dau_capitalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_descripcion_dau_capitalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>La descripcion dau capitalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_descripcion_dau_capitalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_valor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_valor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>La valor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_valor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_maivalença" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_maivalença"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>La maivalença</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_maivalença-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'acumulacion_dau_capitau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'acumulacion_dau_capitau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>L'acumulacion dau capitau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'acumulacion_dau_capitau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>La baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'influéncia_de_Karl_Marx" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'influéncia_de_Karl_Marx"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>L'influéncia de Karl Marx</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-L'influéncia_de_Karl_Marx-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció L'influéncia de Karl Marx</span> </button> <ul id="toc-L'influéncia_de_Karl_Marx-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lo_marxisme_e_sei_derivats_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_marxisme_e_sei_derivats_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lo marxisme e sei derivats politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_marxisme_e_sei_derivats_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_descripcion_marxista_dau_capitalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_descripcion_marxista_dau_capitalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>La descripcion marxista dau capitalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_descripcion_marxista_dau_capitalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fondacion_de_la_sociologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fondacion_de_la_sociologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>La fondacion de la sociologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fondacion_de_la_sociologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'aparicion_de_l'internacionalisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'aparicion_de_l'internacionalisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>L'aparicion de l'internacionalisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'aparicion_de_l'internacionalisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Marx</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 204 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8D_%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ካርል ማርክስ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካርል ማርክስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كارل ماركس - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل ماركس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كارل ماركس - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كارل ماركس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B3" title="كارل ماركس - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل ماركس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="কাৰ্ল মাৰ্ক্স - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাৰ্ল মাৰ্ক্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marks" title="Karl Marks - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karl Marks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karls_Marksos" title="Karls Marksos - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Karls Marksos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="কার্ল মার্ক্স - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল মার্ক্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁཱར་ལ་མར་ཁེ་སི། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁཱར་ལ་མར་ཁེ་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D" title="কার্ল মার্ক্স্ - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কার্ল মার্ক্স্" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Маркс, Карл - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Маркс, Карл" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B5_%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8F" title="ᎧᎵ ᎹᎩᏏ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎵ ᎹᎩᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارڵ مارکس - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارڵ مارکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marks" title="Karl Marks - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Karl Marks" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BE" title="Καρλ Μαρξ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καρλ Μαρξ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx_frsa" title="Karl Marx frsa - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Karl Marx frsa" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxi_Karl" title="Marxi Karl - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Marxi Karl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="馬克思 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="馬克思" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="קרל מרקס - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל מרקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Կարլ Մարքս - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարլ Մարքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="カール・マルクス - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・マルクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/karl._marks" title="karl. marks - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="karl. marks" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კარლ მარქსი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ მარქსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marks" title="Karl Marks - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Karl Marks" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B_%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="កាល់ ម៉ាក្ស - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាល់ ម៉ាក្ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%BC_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="카를 마르크스 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카를 마르크스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Marx" title="Carolus Marx - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Marx" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81_%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%81" title="ກາກ ມາກ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາກ ມາກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Markss" title="Kārlis Markss - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis Markss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കാൾ മാർക്സ് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾ മാർക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA" title="ကားလ် မာ့ခ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကားလ် မာ့ခ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Marx" title="Carlo Marx - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Carlo Marx" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B8" title="କାର୍ଲ ମାର୍କସ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାର୍ଲ ମାର୍କସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Маркс, Карл - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Маркс, Карл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕਾਰਲ ਮਾਰਕਸ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਲ ਮਾਰਕਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BE" title="Καρλ Μαρξ - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καρλ Μαρξ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marks" title="Karl Marks - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Karl Marks" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Маркс, Карл - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маркс, Карл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="कार्ल मार्क्स - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कार्ल मार्क्स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E_%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱨᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AA%D8%B3" title="ڪارل مارڪس - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪارل مارڪس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ၵႃးမၢၵ်ႈ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵႃးမၢၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="කාල් මාක්ස් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කාල් මාක්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marksi" title="Karl Marksi - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karl Marksi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka-l.ma-ke-se" title="Ka-l.ma-ke-se - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ka-l.ma-ke-se" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கார்ல் மார்க்சு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்ல் மார்க்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್ - toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="కార్ల్ మార్క్స్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్ల్ మార్క్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="คาร์ล มาคส์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ล มาคส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marks" title="Karl Marks - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Karl Marks" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3" title="كارل ماركىس - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كارل ماركىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Карл Маркс - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Маркс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کارل مارکس - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کارل مارکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marks_Karl" title="Marks Karl - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Marks Karl" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡爾·馬克思 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡爾·馬克思" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="კარლ მარქსი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კარლ მარქსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="קארל מארקס - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קארל מארקס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·马克思 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡尔·马克思" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="馬克思 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬克思" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Karl Marx" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" title="卡爾·馬克思 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾·馬克思" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Karl_Marx&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina non existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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Wikipèdias deurián aver." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/24px-1000F.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/36px-1000F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/49px-1000F.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-dialecte-provençau" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau."><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Karl_Marx_001.jpg/440px-Karl_Marx_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de Karl Marx en <a href="/wiki/1875" class="mw-redirect" title="1875">1875</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Karl Marx</b> (5 de mai de <a href="/wiki/1818" class="mw-redirect" title="1818">1818</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trev%C3%A8ri" title="Trevèri">Trevèri</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - 14 de març de <a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>, <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>) es un <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> dau sègle XIX que son òbra <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economica</a> a una influéncia considerabla sus la pensada intellectuala modèrna. D'efiech, amb son amic e collaborator <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, desvolopèt la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">hegeliana</a> per concebre una analisi <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">materialista</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istòria</a> e de la societat que li permetèt de definir una descripcion dei basas de foncionament dau sistèma <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. </p><p>Aquò entraïnèt la descubèrta de plusors fenomèns <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economics</a> fondamentaus (valor, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">maivalença</a>...) mai permetèt subretot d'identificar leis inegalitats prefondas de la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. En particular, Marx e <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> descurbiguèron l'existéncia de classas socialas diferentas opausadas per d'interès antagonistas. Lei doas pus importantas foguèron la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a>, proprietària deis otís de produccion pus importants, e lo <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> qu'aviá ges de ressorsas franc de sa fòrça de trabalh. L'analisi marxista mostrèt l'esplecha dei segonds per lei premiers. Identifiquèt tanben leis otís permetent de mantenir aquela alienacion (la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Proprietat" title="Proprietat">proprietat</a> privada...). Per luchar còntra ela, prepausèt donc un programa politic de presa dau poder per lo <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> per bastir una societat novèla qu'auriá destruch totei lei formas d'alienacion. Aqueu projècte venguèt la basa de la pensada dei partits <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunistas</a> e une referéncia dau movement obrier en generau. Inspirèt pereu leis idèas dei partits de senèstra moderada e participèt largament a la definicion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociaudemocracia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociaudemocracia (la pagina existís pas)">sociaudemocracia</a>. </p><p>Au nivèu <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">scientific</a>, leis otís desvolopats per Marx e <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> permetèron de mesclar <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B2de_scientific" title="Metòde scientific">metòde scientific</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> car la màger part de sei prediccions sus la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> pòdon èsser validas (ò invalidadas) d'un biais <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empiric</a>. Lei dos òmes participèron ansin a l'emergéncia d'una <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">sciéncia</a> novèla – la <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">sociologia</a> – que s'interessa a l'estudi de la societat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Biografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jovença_e_formacion"><span id="Joven.C3.A7a_e_formacion"></span>Jovença e formacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Jovença e formacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Jovença e formacion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Marx nasquèt lo 5 mai de <a href="/wiki/1818" class="mw-redirect" title="1818">1818</a> dins la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussiana</a> de <a href="/wiki/Trev%C3%A8ri" title="Trevèri">Trevèri</a> dins una familha d'origina <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieva</a>. Èra lo segond fiu d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Marx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Marx (la pagina existís pas)">Heinrich Marx</a> (<a href="/wiki/1782" class="mw-redirect" title="1782">1782</a>-<a href="/wiki/1838" class="mw-redirect" title="1838">1838</a>), un <a href="/wiki/Avocat_(mesti%C3%A8r)" title="Avocat (mestièr)">avocat</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberau</a> e moderat fiu d'un <a href="/wiki/Rabin" title="Rabin">rabin</a>, e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henriette_Pressburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henriette Pressburg (la pagina existís pas)">Henriette Pressburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/1788" class="mw-redirect" title="1788">1788</a>-<a href="/wiki/1863" class="mw-redirect" title="1863">1863</a>) qu'èra eissida d'una familha judieva <a href="/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncias_Unidas" title="Províncias Unidas">olandesa</a>. Pauc practicant, lo pareu se convertiguèt au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luteranisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luteranisme (la pagina existís pas)">luteranisme</a> entre <a href="/wiki/1817" class="mw-redirect" title="1817">1817</a> e <a href="/wiki/1825" class="mw-redirect" title="1825">1825</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mai, segon lei testimònis dau periòde, demorèt pauc <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiós</a>. </p><p>Karl Marx anèt au licèu de <a href="/wiki/Trev%C3%A8ri" title="Trevèri">Trevèri</a> a partir de <a href="/wiki/1830" class="mw-redirect" title="1830">1830</a> avans d'intrar a l'Universitat de <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> per i estudiar lo <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drech</a>. Sièis ans pus tard, contunièt seis estudis a l'Universitat de <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> e i comencèt, en <a href="/wiki/1839" class="mw-redirect" title="1839">1839</a>, una tèsi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctorat (la pagina existís pas)">doctorat</a> sus lei <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofias</a> <a href="/wiki/Epicurisme" title="Epicurisme">epicuriana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esto%C3%AFcisme" title="Estoïcisme">estoïciana</a> e sceptica. Aquò li permetèt de recebre lo títol de doctor de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_d%27Iena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat d'Iena (la pagina existís pas)">Universitat d'Iena</a> lo 15 d'abriu de <a href="/wiki/1841" class="mw-redirect" title="1841">1841</a>. </p><p>Aqueu periòde dins la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussiana</a>, centre intellectuau important dau periòde, li permetèt de rescontrar lo professor <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">hegelian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Gans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Gans (la pagina existís pas)">Eduard Gans</a> (<a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-redirect" title="1798">1798</a>-<a href="/wiki/1839" class="mw-redirect" title="1839">1839</a>) e de venir amic mb lei fraires <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Bauer (la pagina existís pas)">Bruno</a> (<a href="/wiki/1809" class="mw-redirect" title="1809">1809</a>-<a href="/wiki/1882" class="mw-redirect" title="1882">1882</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar Bauer (la pagina existís pas)">Edgar Bauer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1886" class="mw-redirect" title="1886">1886</a>). I legiguèt tanben leis obratges de plusors <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòfs</a> de remarca (<a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Leibniz</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a>...) e de divèrsei precursors <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialisme</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquisme</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude-Henri_de_Rouvroy_de_Saint-Simon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude-Henri de Rouvroy de Saint-Simon (la pagina existís pas)">Saint-Simon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a>). Aqueleis estudis desvolopèron en Marx un interès per una pensada <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">materialista</a> que s'exprimiguèt dins sa tèsi (diferéncia entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democrita (la pagina existís pas)">Democrita</a> e <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a>) ò dins sei premierei criticas de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dei_premierei_publicacions_au_rescòntre_amb_Engels"><span id="Dei_premierei_publicacions_au_resc.C3.B2ntre_amb_Engels"></span>Dei premierei publicacions au rescòntre amb Engels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Dei premierei publicacions au rescòntre amb Engels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Dei premierei publicacions au rescòntre amb Engels"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Friedrich_Engels_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>), amic e collaborator principau de Marx, realizada en <a href="/wiki/1879" class="mw-redirect" title="1879">1879</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1843" class="mw-redirect" title="1843">1843</a>, Marx esposèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_von_Westphalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny von Westphalen (la pagina existís pas)">Jenny von Westphalen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1814" class="mw-redirect" title="1814">1814</a>-<a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>), filha d'un <a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocrata</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussian</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, e s'installèt a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>. Lo pareu aguèt sièis <a href="/wiki/Enfant" title="Enfant">enfants</a> mai solament tres subrevisquèron (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Marx_Longuet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Marx Longuet (la pagina existís pas)">Jenny</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Laura_Marx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenny Laura Marx (la pagina existís pas)">Laura</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eleanor_Marx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eleanor Marx (la pagina existís pas)">Eleanor</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). La meteissa annada, redigiguèt sa critica de la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> hegeliana dau <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drech</a> dins son <i>« Manuscrit de 1843 »</i>. I mostrèt que l'Estat es lo resultat d'un rapòrt de fòrças e non una realizacion de la rason. Son raliment au <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, classa oprimida per l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, sembla datar d'aqueu trabalh. </p><p>Un an pus tard, publiquèt la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Question_judieva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Question judieva (la pagina existís pas)">Question judieva</a></i> ont exprimiguèt la necessitat d'una lucha politica per suprimir l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">moneda</a> afin d'assegurar l'emancipacion de l'umanitat. En parallèl, comencèt de s'interessar a l'economia amb la lectura dei pensaires principaus dau periòde (<a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">Ricardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Say&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Say (la pagina existís pas)">Say</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_de_Sismondi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean de Sismondi (la pagina existís pas)">Sismondi</a>). Aquel interès apareguèt dins lei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuscrits_de_1844&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuscrits de 1844 (la pagina existís pas)">Manuscrits de 1844</a></i> ont exprimiguèt una vision novèla de l'alienacion coma consequéncia de l'existéncia de la proprietat privada e element fondamentau de la vida dau trabalhaire. Aquò èra una diferéncia fòrça importanta amb la vision desvolopada per <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> que definissiá l'alienacion a partir de l'analisi dei condicions d'existéncia concrètas d'un individú. </p><p>En parallèl, Marx aguèt una activitat <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> intensa amb de contactes amb d'organizacions e de personalitats importantas dau movement obrier coma <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1809" class="mw-redirect" title="1809">1809</a>-<a href="/wiki/1865" class="mw-redirect" title="1865">1865</a>) ò <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a> (<a href="/wiki/1814" class="mw-redirect" title="1814">1814</a>-<a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>). Pasmens, l'eveniment pus important aguèt luòc en <a href="/wiki/1844" class="mw-redirect" title="1844">1844</a> amb lo rescòntre entre Karl Marx e <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>). Lei dos òmes venguèron rapidament amics e, tre febrier de <a href="/wiki/1845" class="mw-redirect" title="1845">1845</a> amb la publicacion de la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Santa_Familha_(Marx,_Engels)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Santa Familha (Marx, Engels) (la pagina existís pas)">Santa Familha</a></i>, comencèron una collaboracion professionala fòrça fructuosa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dau_materialisme_istoric_au_Manifèst_dau_Partit_Comunista"><span id="Dau_materialisme_istoric_au_Manif.C3.A8st_dau_Partit_Comunista"></span>Dau materialisme istoric au <i>Manifèst dau Partit Comunista</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Dau materialisme istoric au Manifèst dau Partit Comunista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Dau materialisme istoric au Manifèst dau Partit Comunista"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Communist-manifesto.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Communist-manifesto.png/220px-Communist-manifesto.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Communist-manifesto.png/330px-Communist-manifesto.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Communist-manifesto.png/440px-Communist-manifesto.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Premiera edicion dau <i><a href="/wiki/Manif%C3%A8st_del_Partit_comunista" title="Manifèst del Partit comunista">Manifèst dau Partit Comunista</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En febrier de <a href="/wiki/1845" class="mw-redirect" title="1845">1845</a>, Marx e sa familha deguèron quitar <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> en causa de seis activitats <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politicas</a>. S'installèron a <a href="/wiki/Bruss%C3%A8las" title="Brussèlas">Brussèlas</a> onte la <a href="/wiki/Libertat_d%27expression" title="Libertat d'expression">libertat d'expression</a> èra pus importanta. Dos mes pus tard, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> leis imitèt. Aquò permetèt ai dos òmes de perseguir sa collaboracion amb lei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A8sis_sus_Feuerbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tèsis sus Feuerbach (la pagina existís pas)">Tèsis sus Feuerbach</a></i> e l’<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ideologia_Alemanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ideologia Alemanda (la pagina existís pas)">Ideologia Alemanda</a></i>. Dirigit còntra lo <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialisme</a> « borgesòt », aquel obratge desvolopèt per lo premier còp l'idèa, dicha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme_istoric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialisme istoric (la pagina existís pas)">materialisme istoric</a>, d'una <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istòria</a> determinada per de rapòrts de fòrça concrèts presents dins la societat. </p><p>Durant aqueleis <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annadas</a>, Marx viatjèt en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> amb <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> e i participèt a l'establiment d'un ret de comitats <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunistas</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1847" class="mw-redirect" title="1847">1847</a>, venguèt tanben president de la seccion <a href="/wiki/Bruss%C3%A8las" title="Brussèlas">brussellesa</a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_dei_comunistas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga dei comunistas (la pagina existís pas)">Liga dei comunistas</a>. Participèt tanben a la fondacion de la Societat deis obriers alemands de la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> e au segond congrès de la Liga. I tenguèt un ròtle important car foguèt cargat, totjorn amb <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a>, de redigir un <a href="/wiki/Manif%C3%A8st_del_Partit_comunista" title="Manifèst del Partit comunista">manifèst deis idèas comunistas</a>. Publicat en febrier de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a> sota lo nom de <i><a href="/wiki/Manif%C3%A8st_del_Partit_comunista" title="Manifèst del Partit comunista">Manifèst dau Partit Comunista</a></i>, aqueu tèxte expausèt la concepcion dau mond <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunista</a>, la necessitat de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucha_dei_classas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucha dei classas (la pagina existís pas)">lucha dei classas</a> e lo ròtle revolucionari devolut au <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> dins l'aveniment d'una societat novèla. Depintèt egalament tornarmai lo metòde dau materialisme istoric coma otís d'analisi de l'istòria e de la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_revolucions_de_1848_e_l'exili_en_Anglatèrra"><span id="Lei_revolucions_de_1848_e_l.27exili_en_Anglat.C3.A8rra"></span>Lei revolucions de 1848 e l'exili en Anglatèrra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei revolucions de 1848 e l'exili en Anglatèrra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Lei revolucions de 1848 e l'exili en Anglatèrra"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Prima_dei_p%C3%B2bles" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima dei pòbles">Prima dei pòbles</a>.</div> <p>Lei revolucions <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèas</a> de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a> foguèron un periòde d'activitat <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> fòrça importanta per Marx que foguèt expulsat mai d'un còp per divèrseis <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estats</a>. Aquò comencèt en febrier après lo començament de la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa_de_1848" title="Revolucion Francesa de 1848">Revolucion Francesa de Febrier</a> quand leis autoritats <a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">bèlgas</a> l'expulsèron de <a href="/wiki/Bruss%C3%A8las" title="Brussèlas">Brussèlas</a>. Après un brèu sejorn dins la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a>, s'installèt a <a href="/wiki/Colonha" title="Colonha">Colonha</a>. De junh de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a> a mai de <a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>, i foguèt lo cap redactor d'un jornau <a href="/wiki/Ren" class="mw-disambig" title="Ren">renan</a> ont escriguèt plusors articles sus lei luchas <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politicas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. Pasmens, sa gaseta foguèt enebida quand l'onda revolucionària s'afebliguèt e Marx foguèt tornarmai expulsat per d'articles sus la <a href="/wiki/Libertat_de_la_premsa" title="Libertat de la premsa">libertat de la premsa</a> e sus lo refús de l'<a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st" title="Impòst">impòst</a>. Egalament enseguit per la <a href="/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia" title="Justícia">justícia</a>, s'installèt en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> que refusèt de l'aculhir. Ansin, en aost de <a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>, anèt en <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">Anglatèrra</a> e s'installèt definitivament a <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_Capitau">Lo <i>Capitau</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo Capitau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Lo Capitau"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg/220px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg/330px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg/440px-Zentralbibliothek_Z%C3%BCrich_Das_Kapital_Marx_1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="997" data-file-height="1681" /></a><figcaption>Premiera edicion dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Capitau</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Lo Capitau</a>.</div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/1850" class="mw-redirect" title="1850">1850</a> a <a href="/wiki/1868" class="mw-redirect" title="1868">1868</a>, Marx participèt a l'estructuracion <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofica</a> dau movement obrier dins de condicions materialas fòrça malaisadas (deutes, misèria...). Foguèt tanben tocat mai d'un còp per de crisis de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Furoncul%C3%B2si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Furonculòsi (la pagina existís pas)">furonculòsi</a>. Dins aquò, poguèt se fisar de l'ajuda financiera d'<a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a>. Ansin, au sen de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_dei_comunistas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga dei comunistas (la pagina existís pas)">Liga dei comunistas</a>, s'ocupèt deis emigrats <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemands</a> e tornèt venir jornalista per divèrsei jornaus amb d'analisis de la politica estrangiera <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanica</a> per lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New-York_Tribune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New-York Tribune (la pagina existís pas)">New-York Tribune</a></i> ò d'articles politics dins la premsa obriera <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglesa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-redirect" title="1864">1864</a>, foguèt convidat a prendre la direccion de l'Associacion Generala deis Obriers Alemands. Redigiguèt tanben leis estatuts de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Associacion_Internacionala_dei_Trabalhaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associacion Internacionala dei Trabalhaires (la pagina existís pas)">Associacion Internacionala dei Trabalhaires</a> (AIT) fondada a <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a> lo 28 de setembre de la meteissa annada. Creada per d'obriers <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemands</a> e <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italians</a>, aquela organizacion èra destinada a coordenar lo desvolopament dau movement obrier dins lei país europèus. Aguèt un succès important amb un desvolopament rapide en <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, en <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a>, dins lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Bas" class="mw-disambig" title="País Bas">País Bas</a> e ais <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units</a>. Pasmens, a partir de <a href="/wiki/1869" class="mw-redirect" title="1869">1869</a>, se devesiguèt entre partisans de Marx, favorables a una gestion centralizada dau movement amb la creacion de <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">partits politics</a>, e leis <a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquistas</a> gropats a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a>. La desfacha de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París</a> (<a href="/wiki/1871" class="mw-redirect" title="1871">1871</a>) precipitèt sa dissolucion en <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>. </p><p>Dins aquò, l'òbra pus importanta de Marx durant aqueu periòde regarda lo domeni deis idèas. D'efiech, tre leis ans 1850, après la publicacion de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luchas_de_classas_en_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luchas de classas en França (la pagina existís pas)">Luchas de classas en França</a></i>, s'interessèt tornarmai a l'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> e comencèt d'imaginar lo plan dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Capitau</a></i>. Obratge major que depinta lo foncionament de basa dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a>, venguèt l'objècte principau dau trabalh dau Marx. Son libre I foguèt acabat en <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a> e editat en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>. Expausa lo mòde de produccion <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> e lei rapòrts de produccion e de cambis que lo caracterizan. Marx i presentèt tanben son sistèma conceptuau que permet d'explicar l'aparicion e l'existencia dei formas socialas caracteristicas dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a>. Realizèt pereu plusors descubèrtas <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economicas</a> importantas coma l'accumulacion dau <a href="/wiki/Capitau" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitau">capitau</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">maivalença</a>. Pasmens, redigiguèt eu meteis unicament lo tòme I dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Capitau</a></i>. Lei tòmes II e III foguèron escrichs e publicats per <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a> en <a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a> e en <a href="/wiki/1894" class="mw-redirect" title="1894">1894</a> e lo tòme IV per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Kautsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Kautsky (la pagina existís pas)">Karl Kautsky</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1938" class="mw-redirect" title="1938">1938</a>) en <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a>. Aquelei trabalhs foguèron redigits a partir de nòtas de Marx mai de modificacions i foguèron introduchas<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_formacion_dau_socialisme_europèu"><span id="La_formacion_dau_socialisme_europ.C3.A8u"></span>La formacion dau socialisme europèu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : La formacion dau socialisme europèu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La formacion dau socialisme europèu"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Marx_old.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Marx_old.jpg/220px-Marx_old.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Marx_old.jpg/330px-Marx_old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Marx_old.jpg/440px-Marx_old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="2646" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> de Karl Marx en <a href="/wiki/1882" class="mw-redirect" title="1882">1882</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Durant la darriera partida de sa <a href="/wiki/Vida" title="Vida">vida</a>, Marx contunièt de participar a la formacion dau <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèu</a> amb una multiplicacion dei contactes en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>] e en <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Publiquèt la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_Civila_en_Fran%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra Civila en França (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra Civila en França</a></i> sus l'experiéncia revolucionària <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">parisenca</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna</a> e contunièt de trabalhar sus <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Lo Capitau</a></i> (que demorèt inacabat). Pasmens, deguèt tanben realizar plusors curas per luchar còntra una santat marrida. En <a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>, perdiguèt sa <a href="/wiki/Femna" title="Femna">femna</a>, victima d'un <a href="/wiki/Canc%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancèr">cancèr</a> dau <a href="/wiki/Fetge" title="Fetge">fetge</a>, e sa filha Jenny que moriguèt probablament de la <a href="/wiki/Tubercul%C3%B2si" title="Tuberculòsi">tuberculòsi</a>. Egalament tocat per aquela <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a>, Karl Marx realizèt una cura en <a href="/wiki/Argeria" title="Argeria">Argeria</a> en <a href="/wiki/1882" class="mw-redirect" title="1882">1882</a> mai lei <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">mètges</a> mau capitèron d'arrestar lei progrès de l'infeccion. Fòrça fatigat, moriguèt lo 14 de març de <a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>. Foguèt enterrat a proximitat de la tomba de sa femna dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement%C3%A8ri_de_Highgate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cementèri de Highgate (la pagina existís pas)">cementèri de Highgate</a> de <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'òbra_de_Karl_Marx"><span id="L.27.C3.B2bra_de_Karl_Marx"></span>L'òbra de Karl Marx</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : L'òbra de Karl Marx" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'òbra de Karl Marx"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_critica_de_la_religion">La critica de la religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : La critica de la religion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La critica de la religion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo ponch de partença de l'òbra <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofica</a> de Karl Marx es la critica de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> qu'èra estada esboçada per <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>, enonciada per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Feuerbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Feuerbach (la pagina existís pas)">Feuerbach</a> e desvolopada per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Bauer (la pagina existís pas)">Bauer</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Friediech_Strauss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Friediech Strauss (la pagina existís pas)">Strauss</a>. Marx aprefondiguèt lo subjècte car, en mai de l'esséncia illusòria dei crèires religiós, denoncièt lo fons materiau de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>. D'efiech, per eu, la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> es una estructura sociala qu'evoluciona segon lei besonhs de la societat. Ansin, amb l'aparicion de la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, seriá venguda un otís permetent de provesir un « bonur illusòri » ai paures e d'escondre lo mond reau. Resumiguèt aquela alienacion dins son expression famosa « d'opiom dau pòble ». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_critica_de_la_filosofia">La critica de la filosofia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : La critica de la filosofia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La critica de la filosofia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après sa critica de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>, Marx desvolopèt una vision novèla de la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> coma biais de cambiar lo mond. D'efiech, segon eu, la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">hegeliana</a>, especialament lo metòde de pensada <a href="/wiki/Dialectica" title="Dialectica">dialectica</a>, èra l'acabament ultim de la disciplina. Aguent descubèrt un biais d'emanciar definitivament l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">èsser uman</a> gràcias au <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> deviá donc arrestar d'assaiar d'interpretar lo mond per ajudar a sa transformacion. Ansin, Marx critiquèt durament lei <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòfs</a> inactius ò contemplatius. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_critica_de_la_politica">La critica de la politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : La critica de la politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La critica de la politica"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'estudi dau fons <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">materiau</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> permetèt a Marx de perpensar a aqueu de la societat umana. Descurbiguèt ansin la dominacion politica de la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a> fondada sus la « <a href="/wiki/Democracia" title="Democracia">democracia</a> formala ». D'efiech, segon lei teorias marxistas, l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> es una forma sociala destinada a mantenir en plaça la dominacion de l'elèit sus lo rèsta de la societat. Per aquò, en fòra de la <a href="/wiki/Viol%C3%A9ncia" title="Violéncia">violéncia</a>, utiliza l'illusion d'una egalitat entre lei diferents <a href="/wiki/Ciutadanatge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciutadanatge">ciutadans</a> qu'an en realitat pas lo meteis accès au sistèma <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politic</a>. Ansin, per Marx, la destruccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, coma fònt e otís d'alienacion, èra una condicion <i>sine qua non</i> de la <a href="/wiki/Libertat" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertat">libertat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_revolucion_proletariana">La revolucion proletariana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : La revolucion proletariana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La revolucion proletariana"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg/250px-Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg/330px-Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg/500px-Philippoteaux_-_Massacre_cimetiere_lachaise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura">Pintura</a> representant de combats de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París</a>, experiéncia sociala que foguèt depintada coma un esbòç de revolucion proletariana per Marx.</figcaption></figure> <p>Marx aviá per projècte de bastir una societat novèla, capabla de mestrejar lei conflictes entre leis òmes e entre l'<a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">òme</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">natura</a>. Per aquò, èra necessari de suprimir aperavans totei leis alienacions (<a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Familha" class="mw-disambig" title="Familha">familha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>) qu'empachan « lo retorn de l'òme a son existéncia umana, es a dire sociala ». Prepausèt donc un programa – relativament generau – centrat sus la presa dau poder per lo <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a>, es a dire lei trabalhaires explechats, que son objectiu seriá la destruccion de la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a> e de son sistèma marchand basat sus la <a href="/wiki/Proprietat" title="Proprietat">proprietat</a> privada. Ansin, apareisseriá una societat onte lei causas podrián pas existir independentament deis individús e onte l'Estat, vengut inutil, seriá pauc a pauc abolit. </p><p>Per Marx, aquela emancipacion deviá èsser un procès « conscient » menat per lei trabalhaires « elei meteissei ». Ansin, l'objectiu dau <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> èra de conquistar lo poder, d'un biais collectiu e organizat, per establir una <a href="/wiki/Dictatura" title="Dictatura">dictatura</a> aguent la capacitat de transformar la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> en societat <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunista</a>. Marx citèt l'exemple de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París</a> coma esbòç d'aqueu procès. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_descripcion_dau_capitalisme">La descripcion dau capitalisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : La descripcion dau capitalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La descripcion dau capitalisme"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amb son projècte de transformacion de la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>, la descripcion dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">sistèma capitalista</a> eu meteis es au centre de l'òbra de Karl Marx. Apareguda dins sei premiereis obratges, foguèt desvolopada dins <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Lo Capitau</a></i> e, marcada per la descubèrta de plusors concèptes fondamentaus coma la valor, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">maivalença</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">acumulacion dau capitau</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baissa_tendanciala_dau_taus_de_profiech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baissa tendanciala dau taus de profiech (la pagina existís pas)">baissa tendanciala dau taus de profiech</a>, èra totjorn d'actualitat au sègle XXI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_valor">La valor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : La valor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=14" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La valor"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per Marx, la produccion <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> es una produccion de marchandisas que prèn un aspècte doble. Premier, una marchandisa es una causa que contenta un besonh ordinari de l'òme. Aquò constituís sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valor_d%27usatge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valor d'usatge (la pagina existís pas)">valor d'usatge</a>. Pasmens, la marchandisa a tanben una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valor_de_cambi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valor de cambi (la pagina existís pas)">valor de cambi</a> que correspònd a la possibilitat de la cambiar còntra d'autrei bens. Toteis aquelei marchandisas, de naturas diferentas, que pòdon se cambiar entre elei dins un sistèma determinat de rapòrts sociaus son lei produchs d'un trabalh. Per permetre lo cambi, lei productors crean de produchs variats e lei rendon equivalentas au moment dau cambi. Segon Marx, l'element comun a cada cambi èra donc un trabalh uman. Pasmens, èra pas un trabalh particular mai un trabalh abstrach, dich trabalh socialament necessari. </p><p>Aqueu trabalh varia fòrça segon leis epòcas e lei bens, principalament en causa dau progrès <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologic</a>. Per exemple, avans la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Industriala" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucion Industriala">Revolucion Industriala</a>, lei vèstits èran produchs d'un biais artesanau e avián una valor relativament importantas car la durada necessària a sa fabricacion èra normalament importanta. Après l'industrializacion e la produccion de massa, aquela durada s'afondrèt e la valor dei vèstits demeniguèt. La quantitat de trabalh socialament necessària a la produccion d'una marchandisa donada permet donc de determinar sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valor_de_cambi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valor de cambi (la pagina existís pas)">valor de cambi</a>. Ansin, totei lei marchandisas vènon una forma cristallizada de trabalh uman que sa valor despend dau rapòrt entre lei temps de trabalh dei diferents productors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_maivalença"><span id="La_maivalen.C3.A7a"></span>La maivalença</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : La maivalença" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=15" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La maivalença"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">Maivalença</a>.</div> <p>Per Marx, a partir d'un nivèu donat de desvolopament de la produccion de marchandisas, lei sòus se transfòrman en <a href="/wiki/Capitau" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitau">capitau</a>. Aqueu cambiament s'observa dins la rason de venda dei marchandisas. Dins un sistèma pauc desvolopat (non <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>), la motivacion d'una venda es l'obtencion de la possibilitat de crompar una autra marchandisa. Dins una societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>, l'objectiu es de vendre per ganhar de sòus, es a dire per realizar un profiech. Aqueu gasanh es dich maivalença per Marx. </p><p>Son origina es liada a l'utilizacion de fòrça de trabalh uman per crear de la valor. D'efiech, lo possessor de sòus pòu crompar de la fòrça de trabalh. Coma aquela fòrça es egalament una marchandisa, a un còst determinat per lo temps sociau necessari a sa reproduccion. Son possessor a donc lo <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drech</a> de l'utilizar, per exemple durant una jornada d'uech <a href="/wiki/Ora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ora">oras</a>. Se, per exemple, sièis oras son sufisentas per crear una valor que cuerb lei despens de sa reproduccion (repaus, alimentacion...) e de seis otís de produccion, lo trabalhaire crea, durant lei doas darriereis oras un produch suplementari non pagat qu'es la maivalença. </p><p>Aumentar la maivalença es possible de dos biais diferents : alongar la jornada de trabalh (aumentacion de la maivalença absoluda) ò aumentar la productivitat dau trabalh (aumentacion de la maivalença relativa). Segon l'estudi istoric dei mòdes de produccion realizat per Marx, l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a> privilegièt la premiera solucion fins au sègle XIX avans de generalizar la segonda en fàcia dau desvolopament dei luchas obrieras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'acumulacion_dau_capitau"><span id="L.27acumulacion_dau_capitau"></span>L'acumulacion dau capitau</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : L'acumulacion dau capitau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=16" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'acumulacion dau capitau"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Acumulacion dau capitau</a>.</div> <p>L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">acumulacion dau capitau</a> es una caracteristica importanta dau mòde de produccion <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> descubèrta per Marx. Residís dins lo fach que lei <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalistas</a> utilizan la màger part de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">maivalença</a> creada per sei trabalhaires per tornar investir dins la produccion e non per contentar sei besonhs. La maivalença permet donc tornarmai de congrear de mejans de produccion, generalament d'otís pus perfeccionats mai pus costós. Aquò entraïna donc una acumulacion dau capitau constant (<a href="/wiki/Maquina" title="Maquina">maquinas</a>, infrastructuras...) dins l'ensems dau capitau mes en jòc per una produccion. Fenomèn relativament rapid, es un mecanisme que favoriza la susproduccion car un aparelh de produccion costós dèu produrre per èsser rentabilizat. Es un factor d'explicacion de l'existéncia de crisis economicas periodicas dins lei societats de sistèma <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech">La baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : La baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=17" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech (la pagina existís pas)">Baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech</a>.</div> <p>Durant son estudi de la reproduccion dau capitau, Marx descurbiguèt un fenomèn important qu'es la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baissa_tendanciala_dau_taus_de_profiech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baissa tendanciala dau taus de profiech (la pagina existís pas)">baissa tendanciala dau taus de profiech</a>. Encara mau compres a l'ora d'ara, es una consequéncia de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">acumulacion dau capitau</a> depintada dins lei libres II e III dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Capitau</a></i>. Son origina es liada a la concurréncia entre <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalistas</a>. Per mantenir sa posicion (ò la melhorar), son obligats d'innovar e d'investir per aumentar sa productivitat, generalament gràcias a la crompa de maquinas pus costosas ò per la demenicion dau nombre de trabalhaire. La partida organica dau capitau tend donc pauc a pauc a aumentar, çò qu'entraïna una demenicion de la valor producha per lo trabalh uman. Òr, coma aqueu trabalh es la fònt de la maivalença, sa baissa a per consequéncia la demenicion de la produccion de maivalença e donc aquela dau taus de profiech. </p><p>Segon Marx, se l'intensificacion dau trabalh (rendements, cadéncias...) pòu limitar aqueu fenomèn, es pas sufisent per o blocar totalament car es una consequéncia dau sistèma <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a> eu meteis. Lo <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> patiriá ansin d'una contradiccion intèrna que lo condamnariá a la disparicion. </p><p>Pasmens, l'observacion dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> dempuei la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de Marx invita a mai de prudéncia. La demenicion tendanciala dau taus de profiech es un fach ben atestat sus certanei periòdes e lei minimoms dau taus de profiech coïncidisson amb de crisis <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalistas</a> sovent grèvas. Pasmens, aquelei crisis semblan favorizar la restauracion dau sistèma amb l'eliminacion dei companhiás pauc rendablas. De mai, lei <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalistas</a> luchan activament còntra eu gràcias a l'introduccion de <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnicas</a> novèlas permetent d'aumentar lo profiech. Ansin, aquela teoria es encara l'objècte d'un debat e certanei <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòfs</a> marxistas modèrnes pensan uei qu'es un fenomèn de durada fòrça lònga (plusors sègles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="L'influéncia_de_Karl_Marx"><span id="L.27influ.C3.A9ncia_de_Karl_Marx"></span>L'influéncia de Karl Marx</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : L'influéncia de Karl Marx" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=18" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'influéncia de Karl Marx"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_marxisme_e_sei_derivats_politics">Lo marxisme e sei derivats politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo marxisme e sei derivats politics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=19" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Lo marxisme e sei derivats politics"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Communist_countries.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Communist_countries.svg/220px-Communist_countries.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Communist_countries.svg/330px-Communist_countries.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Communist_countries.svg/440px-Communist_countries.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>País se reclamant dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxisme_leninisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxisme leninisme (la pagina existís pas)">marxisme leninisme</a> ò dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maoïsme (la pagina existís pas)">maoïsme</a> en <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> aguèt una influéncia prefonda dins lo domeni de la <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a>. D'efiech, au sègle XIX, permetèt l'estructuracion dei premiers <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">partits politics</a> organizats que portèron lei revendicacions dei classas obrieras. Favorizèt tanben la formacion de mai d'un <a href="/wiki/Sindicat" title="Sindicat">sindicat</a> en despiech de la concurréncia deis idèas <a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquistas</a>. Puei, amb la fragmentacion progressiva d'aqueleis organizacions, lo marxisme foguèt a l'origina de totei lei corrents politics de senèstra basats sus l'idèa de melhorar la distribucion dei richessas produchas entre lei diferentei classas que fòrman la societat <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. </p><p>Dins aquò, certanei corrents se reclaman pus dirèctament de la pensada de Karl Marx. Lei pus famós son lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxisme_leninisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marxisme leninisme (la pagina existís pas)">marxisme leninisme</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mao%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maoïsme (la pagina existís pas)">maoïsme</a> que foguèron a la basa de programas <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">governamentaus</a> en <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China Populara</a> durant lo sègle XX. Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trotskisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trotskisme (la pagina existís pas)">trotskisme</a> es tanben relativament conegut en causa de la notorietat de son <a href="/wiki/Trotski" title="Trotski">fondator</a>. La màger part d'aquelei corrents son l'objècte de debats importants en causa de la natura dictatoriala dei regimes que se'n reclaman. D'un caire, certanei pensaires lei condamnan (amb lo <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a>) coma d'ideologias <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">criminalas</a> en causa deis atrocitats comesas dins aquelei país durant lo periòde <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunista</a>. Pasmens, d'autre caire, d'autrei personas contestan la natura marxista d'aquelei sistèmas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_descripcion_marxista_dau_capitalisme">La descripcion marxista dau capitalisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : La descripcion marxista dau capitalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=20" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La descripcion marxista dau capitalisme"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Partida principala dau trabalh de Karl Marx, la descripcion dau <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> demòra una partida totjorn primordiala de la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a> modèrnas. D'efiech, se lo <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a> a evolucionat dempuei lo sègle XIX, plusors aspècts majors identificats per Marx ne'n son totjorn de caracteristicas importantas. En particular, es lo cas de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">maivalença</a>, de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucha_dei_classas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucha dei classas (la pagina existís pas)">lucha dei classas</a> ò de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">acumulacion dau capitau</a>. </p><p>Ansin, se lo sistèma <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxista</a> es contestat per lei pensaires <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberaus</a>, conoguèt mai d'un perfercionnament de part d'intellectuaus de senèstra. Per exemple, i foguèt apondut una tresena classa – aquela dei <a href="/wiki/Tecnica" title="Tecnica">tecnicians</a> – entre lo <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">proletariat</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a>. Autre exemple important, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1930" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>-<a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>) estudièt la reparticion dau capitau <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturau</a> au sen de la societat en mai dau <a href="/wiki/Capitau" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitau">capitau</a> <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_fondacion_de_la_sociologia">La fondacion de la sociologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : La fondacion de la sociologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=21" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: La fondacion de la sociologia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">Sociologia</a>.</div> <p>Lo desvolopament d'una <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> largament basada sus lo <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B2de_scientific" title="Metòde scientific">metòde scientific</a>, es a dire verificabla d'un biais <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empiric</a>, foguèt una innovacion fòrça importanta de l'òbra de Karl Marx. Permetèt la definicion de teorias permetent de descriure lo foncionament de la societat e deis individús que la compausan. Ansin, amb <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844" class="mw-redirect" title="1844">1844</a>-<a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856" class="mw-redirect" title="1856">1856</a>-<a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>), <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a> (<a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>-<a href="/wiki/1917" class="mw-redirect" title="1917">1917</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a> (<a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-redirect" title="1864">1864</a>-<a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a>), Marx es considerat coma un dei precursors e dei fondators de la <a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">sociologia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'aparicion_de_l'internacionalisme"><span id="L.27aparicion_de_l.27internacionalisme"></span>L'aparicion de l'internacionalisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : L'aparicion de l'internacionalisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=22" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: L'aparicion de l'internacionalisme"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacionalisme (la pagina existís pas)">Internacionalisme</a>.</div> <p>Amb sa crida a l'union deis obriers de totei lei país còntra lo <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalisme</a>, Marx aguèt un ròtle fondamentau dins l'emergéncia de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacionalisme (la pagina existís pas)">internacionalisme</a> obrier. Se revendicant dau <a href="/wiki/Pacifisme" title="Pacifisme">pacifisme</a> e de la solidaritat entre pòbles, aquela idèa aguèt una importància majora dins l'estructuracion dau movement comunista internacionau durant lei sègles XIX e XX. Conoguèt probable son apogèu durant l'entre doas guèrras e au començament de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Freja" title="Guèrra Freja">Guèrra Freja</a>. En particular, permetèt la formacion dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregadas_Internacionalas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bregadas Internacionalas (la pagina existís pas)">Bregadas Internacionalas</a> que participèron a la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_Civiu_Espanh%C3%B2la" title="Guèrra Civiu Espanhòla">Guèrra d'Espanha</a> dins lo camp <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republican</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=23" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Liames intèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acumulacion_dau_capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acumulacion dau capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Acumulacion dau capitau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alienacion" title="Alienacion">Alienacion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Associacion_Internacionala_dei_Trabalhaires&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associacion Internacionala dei Trabalhaires (la pagina existís pas)">Associacion Internacionala dei Trabalhaires</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baissa_dau_taus_tendanciala_de_profiech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech (la pagina existís pas)">Baissa dau taus tendanciala de profiech</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">Borgesiá</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classa_sociala" title="Classa sociala">Classa sociala</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">Comunisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Internacionalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Internacionalisme (la pagina existís pas)">Internacionalisme</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo_Capitau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lo Capitau (la pagina existís pas)">Lo Capitau</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucha_dei_classas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucha dei classas (la pagina existís pas)">Lucha dei classas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maivalen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maivalença (la pagina existís pas)">Maivalença</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manif%C3%A8st_del_Partit_comunista" title="Manifèst del Partit comunista">Manifèst dau Partit Comunista</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme_dialectic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialisme dialectic (la pagina existís pas)">Materialisme dialectic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialisme_istoric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Materialisme istoric (la pagina existís pas)">Materialisme istoric</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Proletariat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">Socialisme</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociologia" title="Sociologia">Sociologia</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=24" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Bibliografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Fritz J. Raddatz, <i>Karl Marx : une biographie politique</i>, Fayard, 1978.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Marx&action=edit&section=25" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Situada en <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trev%C3%A8ri" title="Trevèri">Trevèri</a> fasiá partida de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a> dempuei <a href="/wiki/1815" class="mw-redirect" title="1815">1815</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich Marx se convertiguèt entre <a href="/wiki/1816" class="mw-redirect" title="1816">1816</a> e <a href="/wiki/1817" class="mw-redirect" title="1817">1817</a> per gardar lo drech d'exercir son mestier e Henriette Pressburg en <a href="/wiki/1825" class="mw-redirect" title="1825">1825</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Èra la filha de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Ludwig_von_Westphalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Ludwig von Westphalen (la pagina existís pas)">Johann Ludwig von Westphalen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1770" class="mw-redirect" title="1770">1770</a>-<a href="/wiki/1842" class="mw-redirect" title="1842">1842</a>), <a href="/wiki/Baron" class="mw-disambig" title="Baron">baron</a> e foncionari <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussian</a>, qu'èra probablament un amic dau paire de Karl Marx. Son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Westphalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand von Westphalen (la pagina existís pas)">Ferdinand von Westphalen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1799" class="mw-redirect" title="1799">1799</a>-<a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>) foguèt ministre de l'Interior de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a> de <a href="/wiki/1850" class="mw-redirect" title="1850">1850</a> a <a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leis autreis enfants foguèron Edgar Marx (1847-1855), Heinrich Guido Marx (1849-1850) e Franziska Marx (1851-1852).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L'importància d'aquelei modificacions es l'objècte d'un debat recurrent entre aquelei que consideran que lo sens iniciau foguèt alterat e aquelei que sostènon lo contrari.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="noprint wikiligam_alternatiu" style="clear:right; float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:250px;border:solid #AAAAAA 1px; background:#f9f9f9;padding:0px;font-size:90%;text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative" align="center" valign="middle"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="commons:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td valign="middle"> <p><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> prepausa de documents multimèdia liures sus <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx?uselang=oc">Karl Marx</a></b>.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Filos%C3%B2fs" title="Modèl:Filosòfs"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Filos%C3%B2fs&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%">Los <a href="/wiki/Filos%C3%B2f" title="Filosòf"><span style="background-color: #4C6099; color: white;">filosòfs</span></a> principals</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Presocratics" title="Presocratics">Presocratics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a> • <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scepticisme" title="Scepticisme">Scepticisme</a> • <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ciceron" title="Ciceron">Ciceron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sen%C3%A8ca_lo_Jove" title="Senèca lo Jove">Senèca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Plotin" title="Plotin">Plotin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomàs d'Aquin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8s" title="Averroès">Averroès</a> • <a href="/wiki/Al_Farabi" title="Al Farabi">Al Farabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_d%27Occam" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume d'Occam">Guillaume d'Occam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiav%C3%A8l" title="Nicolau Maquiavèl">Maquiavèl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Bacon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Hobbes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Spinoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Malebranche" title="Nicolas Malebranche">Malebranche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Leibniz</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">Berkeley</a> • <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Schopenhauer</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marx</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Husserl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Bergson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Whitehead</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Cassirer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willard_van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard van Orman Quine">Quine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Merleau-Ponty</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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