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Yakut (Sakha) language and alphabet
<!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Yakut (Sakha) language and alphabet</title> <meta name="description" content="Yakut is a Turkic language spoken mainly in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in northern Russian by about 450,000 people." /> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WB7PSHBG');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.omniglot.com/images/logos/omniglot_thumbnail.jpg" /> <meta property="og:type" content="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Omniglot-100430558332117/posts/" /> <link href="/styles/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://the.gatekeeperconsent.com/cmp.min.js" data-cfasync="false"></script> <script async src="//www.ezojs.com/ezoic/sa.min.js"></script> <script> window.ezstandalone = window.ezstandalone || {}; ezstandalone.cmd = ezstandalone.cmd || []; </script></head> <body> <div id="header"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WB7PSHBG" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <p><a href="/index.htm"><img src="/images/logos/header_omniglot.png" width="600" height="70" alt="Omniglot - the online encyclopedia of writing systems & languages" /></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="/index.htm">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/index.htm">Alphabets</a></li> <li><a href="/conscripts/index.htm">Constructed scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/writing/languages.htm">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/language/phrases/phraseindex.htm">Phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/language/numbers/index.htm">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/language/ml.htm">Multilingual Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/search.htm">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/news/index.htm">News</a></li> <li><a href="/about.htm">About</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.htm">Contact</a></li> </ul></div> <div id="bodybox"> <span style="text-align:center;"><div id="ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-162"></div> <script> ezstandalone.cmd.push(function() { ezstandalone.showAds(162); }); </script></span><div id="body"> <h1>Yakut (саха тыла)</h1> <p>Yakut is a Turkic language with about 450,000 speakers in northern Russia. It is spoken mainly in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), and also in the Khabarovsk Region, and in Irkutsk and Magadan provinces. Yakut is a statutory provincial language in the Sakha Republic, which is known as <em>Республика Саха</em> (Respublika Sakha) in Russian, and <em>Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ</em> (Sakha Öröspüübülükete) in Yakut. </p> <p><iframe src="https://www.google.com/maps/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d30341992.354062334!2d101.06042483837844!3d62.343897990808436!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x5beb1a032f51336b%3A0x32e00a48a227d58e!2sSakha%20Republic%2C%20Russia!5e0!3m2!1sen!2suk!4v1585234261623!5m2!1sen!2suk" width="400" height="300" style="border:0;" allowfullscreen="" aria-hidden="false" tabindex="0"></iframe> </p> <p>Yakut is also known as Sakha or Yakut-Sakha. Native names of the language are <em>саха тыла</em>‎ (saqa tıla) [saxa tɯla] and <em>сахалыы‎</em> (saqalıı) [saxalɯː]. </p> <p>Yakut first appeared in writing in 1692 as part of a book by the traveller N. Witsen, which was published in Amsterdam. The first literary work in Yakut, <em>Reminiscences</em> by A. Y. Uvarovsky, was published in 1851 as a part of Otto N. Böhtlingk's work <em>About the Yakut language</em>. Böhtlingk used an alphabet based on Cyrillic with some special characters. Since then several different versions of the Cyrillic alphabet have been used to write Yakut, and between 1929 and 1939 a version of the Latin alphabet was used. </p> <p>As well as being spoken by ethnic Yakuts, Yakut is used as a lingua franca by Dolgans, Evenks, Evens and Yukagirs in the Sakha Republic. </p> <h2>Yakut Cyrillic alphabet (Сахалыы сурук-бичигэ)</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/yakut_cyr.gif" width="603" height="830" alt="Yakut Cyrillic alphabet (1939-)" /> </p> <h3>Notes</h3> <ul> <li>The letters в, е, ё, ж, з, ф, ц, ш, щ, ъ, ь, ю and я are used only in Russian loanwords.</li> <li>the long нь sound is written as ннь, e.g. <em>оонньоо</em></li> <li>Yakut has vowel harmony:<br /> back vowels are а, аа, ы, ыы, ыа, о, оо, у, уу and уо; <br /> front vowels are э, ээ, и, ии, иэ, ө, өө, ү, үү and үө <br /> back-unrounded vowels are а, аа, ы, ыы and ыа; <br /> front-unrounded are э, ээ, и, ии and иэ; <br /> back-rounded vowels are о, оо, у, уу and уо;<br /> front-rounded are ө, өө, ү, үү and үө</li> <li>Between vowels, с usually becaomes h, e.g. <em>Aлааhым</em> = <em>Aлаас</em>+<em>ым</em> "my Allas".</li> <li>The glide й is not indicated in writing.</li> </ul> <h2>Yakut Latin alphabet (Yañalif - 1929-1939)</h2> <p><img src="../images/writing/yakut_lat.gif" width="589" height="229" alt="Yakut Latin alphabet (1929-1939)" /> </p> <p><a href="../charts/yakut.xls">Download alphabet charts for Yakut</a> (Excel) </p> <p><em>Some details provided by Michael Peter Füstumum</em> </p> <h2>Sample text</h2> <p>Дьон барыта бэйэ суолтатыгар уонна быраабыгар тэҥ буолан төрүүллэр. Кинилэр бары өркөн өйдөөх, суобастаах буолан төрүүллэр, уонна бэйэ бэйэлэригэр тылга кииринигэс быһыылара доҕордоһуу тыыннаах буолуохтаах. </p> <h3>Transliteration</h3> <p>Con barıta beye suoltatıgar uonna bıraabıgar teñ buolan törüüller. Kininler barı örkön öydööx, suobastaax buolan törüüller, uonna beye beyeleriger tılga kiiriniges bıhıılara doğordohuu tıınnaax buoluoxtaax. </p> <h3>Translation</h3> <p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> <em>(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)</em> </p> <h2>Sample videos in Yakut</h2> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2YcHQvo6KtM" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div class="intrinsic-container intrinsic-container-16x9"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/B4L6pqFLoQA" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <p class="info"><a href="/writing/yakut.htm">Information about Yakut (Sakha)</a> | <a href="/language/phrases/sakha.php">Phrases</a> | <a href="/language/numbers/yakut.htm">Numbers</a> | <a href="/babel/yakut.htm">Tower of Babel</a></p> <h2>Links</h2> <p>Information about Yakut / Sakha<br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut_language">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut_language</a><br /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut_scripts">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut_scripts</a><br /> <a href="http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_jakut.html">http://www.peoples.org.ru/eng_jakut.html</a><br /> <a href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sah">https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sah</a> </p> <p>Saxa language grammar (in Russian)<br /> <a href="http://wiki.sakhatyla.ru/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0">http://wiki.sakhatyla.ru/wiki/Категория:Грамматика</a><br /> <a href="http://www.sakhatyla.ru/scans/7">http://www.sakhatyla.ru/scans/7</a> </p> <p>Online Yakut - Russian dictionary<br /> <a href="http://www.sakhatyla.ru/">http://www.sakhatyla.ru</a> </p> <p>Online Yakut news<br /> <a href="http://www.kyym.ru/">http://www.kyym.ru</a> </p> <h2>Turkic languages</h2> <p><a href="/writing/altay.htm">Altay</a>, <a href="/writing/aynu.htm">Äynu</a>, <a href="/writing/azeri.htm">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/writing/bashkir.htm">Bashkir</a>, <a href="/writing/chagatai.htm">Chagatai</a>, <a href="/writing/chelkan.htm">Chelkan</a>, <a href="/writing/chulym.htm">Chulym</a>, <a href="/writing/chuvash.htm">Chuvash</a>, <a href="/writing/crimeantatar.php">Crimean Tatar</a>, <a href="/writing/dolgan.htm">Dolgan</a>, <a href="/writing/fuyukyrgyz.htm">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a>, <a href="/writing/gagauz.htm">Gagauz</a>, <a href="/writing/iliturki.htm">Ili Turki</a>, <a href="/writing/balkar.htm">Karachay-Balkar</a>, <a href="/writing/karaim.htm">Karaim</a>, <a href="/writing/karakalpak.php">Karakalpak</a>, <a href="/writing/karamanliturkish.htm">Karamanli Turkish</a>, <a href="/writing/kazakh.htm">Kazakh</a>, <a href="/writing/khakas.htm">Khakas</a>, <a href="/writing/khalaj.htm">Khalaj</a>, <a href="/writing/khorasaniturkic.htm">Khorasani Turkic</a>, <a href="/writing/krymchak.htm">Krymchak</a>, <a href="/writing/kumandy.htm">Kumandy</a>, <a href="/writing/kumyk.php">Kumyk</a>, <a 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