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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Philosophy of Science</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">917,621 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Philosophy of Science</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Philosophy_of_Science">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2529205" data-work_id="2529205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2529205/Die_Bedeutung_Michael_Polanyis_f%C3%BCr_das_Gespr%C3%A4ch_von_Theologie_und_Naturwissenschaften">Die Bedeutung Michael Polanyis für das Gespräch von Theologie und Naturwissenschaften</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Während auf Deutsch mit „Implizites Wissen“ ein einziges Werk Polanyis vollständig erschienen ist, und Polanyi daran anschließend hauptsächlich lerntheoretisch rezipiert wurde, haben seine Arbeiten in Originalsprache von Anfang an reiche... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2529205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Während auf Deutsch mit „Implizites Wissen“ ein einziges Werk Polanyis vollständig erschienen ist, und Polanyi daran anschließend hauptsächlich lerntheoretisch rezipiert wurde, haben seine Arbeiten in Originalsprache von Anfang an reiche Wirkung in dem Gespräch zwischen Naturwissenschaft und Theologie entfaltet. Um das deutsche Rezeptionsdefizit zu kompensieren, wird in dem Artikel zunächst eine biographische Skizze geboten, bevor eine Erläuterung seiner wissenschaftsphilosophischen Kerngedanken im Kontext seines Gesamtwerkes erfolgt.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2529205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7cd5d9c70655b5c41ef959f4de0b5424" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30884759,"asset_id":2529205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30884759/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3262476" href="https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/AndreasLosch">Andreas Losch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3262476" type="text/json">{"id":3262476,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Losch","domain_name":"unibe-ch2","page_name":"AndreasLosch","display_name":"Andreas Losch","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/AndreasLosch?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3262476/1076517/19351290/s65_andreas.losch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2529205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2529205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2529205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2529205", }); 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Um das deutsche Rezeptionsdefizit zu kompensieren, wird in dem Artikel zunächst eine biographische Skizze geboten, bevor eine Erläuterung seiner wissenschaftsphilosophischen Kerngedanken im Kontext seines Gesamtwerkes erfolgt.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30884759,"asset_id":2529205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3262476,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Losch","domain_name":"unibe-ch2","page_name":"AndreasLosch","display_name":"Andreas Losch","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/AndreasLosch?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3262476/1076517/19351290/s65_andreas.losch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":21047,"name":"Theology and Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":23121,"name":"Michael Polanyi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Polanyi?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":36798,"name":"Polanyi, Michael","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polanyi_Michael?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42044648" data-work_id="42044648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42044648/EVOLUCION_MICROEVOLUCION_ADAPTACI%C3%93N_MACROEVOLUCION">EVOLUCION: MICROEVOLUCION, ADAPTACIÓN, MACROEVOLUCION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Estre corto documento recoge algunas ideas muy interesantes de varios estudiosos como Antonio Cruz, John Lennox, William Lane Craig y otros. Para explicar el concepto de la palabra evolución , su significado en el contexto y como la... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42044648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Estre corto documento recoge algunas ideas muy interesantes de varios estudiosos como Antonio Cruz, John Lennox, William Lane Craig y otros.<br />Para explicar el concepto de la palabra evolución , su significado en el contexto y como la evolución presenta conflictos con algunas leyes universales.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42044648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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Apologetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Apologetics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42044648]'), work: {"id":42044648,"title":"EVOLUCION: MICROEVOLUCION, ADAPTACIÓN, MACROEVOLUCION","created_at":"2020-02-22T13:45:01.440-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42044648/EVOLUCION_MICROEVOLUCION_ADAPTACI%C3%93N_MACROEVOLUCION?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_42044648","summary":"Estre corto documento recoge algunas ideas muy interesantes de varios estudiosos como Antonio Cruz, John Lennox, William Lane Craig y otros.\nPara explicar el concepto de la palabra evolución , su significado en el contexto y como la evolución presenta conflictos con algunas leyes universales.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62171863,"asset_id":42044648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51454973,"first_name":"Javier","last_name":"Reano Mendoza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JavierReano","display_name":"Javier Reano Mendoza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JavierReano?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51454973/40298239/33051868/s65_javier.reano_mendoza.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":21659,"name":"Christian Apologetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Apologetics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":58662,"name":"Teologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teologia?f_ri=821"},{"id":61156,"name":"Filosofía de la Ciencia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_de_la_Ciencia?f_ri=821"},{"id":83925,"name":"Biologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biologia?f_ri=821"},{"id":92846,"name":"Ciencia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencia?f_ri=821"},{"id":94862,"name":"Cristianismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cristianismo?f_ri=821"},{"id":230844,"name":"Teology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teology?f_ri=821"},{"id":1497222,"name":"Apologetica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apologetica?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43200113" data-work_id="43200113" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43200113/Review_of_Nancy_Cartwright_s_Nature_the_Artful_Modeler_Lectures_on_Laws_Science_How_Nature_Arranges_the_World_and_How_We_Can_Arrange_It_Better">Review of Nancy Cartwright’s Nature, the Artful Modeler: Lectures on Laws, Science, How Nature Arranges the World and How We Can Arrange It Better</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nancy Cartwright’s most recent monograph: Nature, the Artful Modeler: Lectures on Laws, Science, How Nature Arranges the World and How We Can Arrange It Better presents the state of the art in the philosophy of science literature. Here,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43200113" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nancy Cartwright’s most recent monograph: Nature, the Artful Modeler: Lectures on Laws, Science, How Nature Arranges the World and How We Can Arrange It Better presents the state of the art in the philosophy of science literature. Here, we are presented with the most coherent form of Cartwright’s views to date, combining building blocks she and other Cartwrightians have meticulously crafted throughout the last decades. We are thus presented with a book containing not only incredibly rich work on a diversity of topics spanning several decades, but also a number of novel ideas that will leave an impact on the philosophy of science in the decades to come.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43200113" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3716ecd02ab83893452ae8aef70257ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63468446,"asset_id":43200113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63468446/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44262267" href="https://reading.academia.edu/WalterVeit">Walter Veit</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44262267" type="text/json">{"id":44262267,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Veit","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"WalterVeit","display_name":"Walter Veit","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/WalterVeit?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44262267/11952175/18211419/s65_walter.veit.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43200113 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43200113"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43200113, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43200113", }); 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Here, we are presented with the most coherent form of Cartwright’s views to date, combining building blocks she and other Cartwrightians have meticulously crafted throughout the last decades. We are thus presented with a book containing not only incredibly rich work on a diversity of topics spanning several decades, but also a number of novel ideas that will leave an impact on the philosophy of science in the decades to come.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63468446,"asset_id":43200113,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44262267,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Veit","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"WalterVeit","display_name":"Walter Veit","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/WalterVeit?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44262267/11952175/18211419/s65_walter.veit.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":29223,"name":"Graphical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graphical_Models?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":100831,"name":"Mental Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Models?f_ri=821"},{"id":183968,"name":"Philosophy of Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Modelling?f_ri=821"},{"id":285802,"name":"Models of Pluralism(s) and Multiculturalism(s)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models_of_Pluralism_s_and_Multiculturalism_s_?f_ri=821"},{"id":1191647,"name":"Nancy Cartwright","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nancy_Cartwright?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5443678" data-work_id="5443678" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5443678/Peirce_on_Science_and_Metaphysics">Peirce on Science and Metaphysics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5443678" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1898a3887b53c8f99d6dfa7b3d8a506c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32567881,"asset_id":5443678,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32567881/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="787636" href="https://cbu-ca.academia.edu/AndrewReynolds">Andrew Reynolds</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="787636" type="text/json">{"id":787636,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Reynolds","domain_name":"cbu-ca","page_name":"AndrewReynolds","display_name":"Andrew Reynolds","profile_url":"https://cbu-ca.academia.edu/AndrewReynolds?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/787636/267530/331126/s65_andrew.reynolds.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5443678 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5443678"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5443678, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5443678", }); 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Contemporary philosophers of time have not tried to relate these ontological positions with two of the most discussed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49281394" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the dispute between presentism and eternalism, the affective dimensions of the debate have been somewhat neglected. Contemporary philosophers of time have not tried to relate these ontological positions with two of the most discussed maxims in the history of ethics – “live in the present” vs. “look at your life under the aspect of the eternity” (sub specie aeternitatis)”– that since the Hellenistic times have been regarded as strictly connected with them. Consequently, I raise the question whether the endorsement of one of these two ontological views can make a practical difference in the way we should live.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49281394" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5c604833af04aa7e1d0d893a1ff5a81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67665784,"asset_id":49281394,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67665784/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4459747" href="https://uniromatre.academia.edu/MDorato">Mauro Dorato</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4459747" type="text/json">{"id":4459747,"first_name":"Mauro","last_name":"Dorato","domain_name":"uniromatre","page_name":"MDorato","display_name":"Mauro Dorato","profile_url":"https://uniromatre.academia.edu/MDorato?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4459747/4298945/4997349/s65_mauro.dorato.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49281394 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49281394"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49281394, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49281394", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49281394]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49281394").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49281394").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49281394"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5419" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Time">Metaphysics of Time</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5419" type="text/json">{"id":5419,"name":"Metaphysics of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Time?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility">Metaphysics of Free Will and Moral Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24793" type="text/json">{"id":24793,"name":"Metaphysics of Free Will and Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25386" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws_of_Nature_Philosophy_">Laws of Nature (Philosophy)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25386" type="text/json">{"id":25386,"name":"Laws of Nature (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws_of_Nature_Philosophy_?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49281394]'), work: {"id":49281394,"title":"The Affective and Practical Consequences of Presentism and Eternalism","created_at":"2021-06-18T03:50:23.376-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49281394/The_Affective_and_Practical_Consequences_of_Presentism_and_Eternalism?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_49281394","summary":"In the dispute between presentism and eternalism, the affective dimensions of the debate have been somewhat neglected. Contemporary philosophers of time have not tried to relate these ontological positions with two of the most discussed maxims in the history of ethics – “live in the present” vs. “look at your life under the aspect of the eternity” (sub specie aeternitatis)”– that since the Hellenistic times have been regarded as strictly connected with them. Consequently, I raise the question whether the endorsement of one of these two ontological views can make a practical difference in the way we should live. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67665784,"asset_id":49281394,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4459747,"first_name":"Mauro","last_name":"Dorato","domain_name":"uniromatre","page_name":"MDorato","display_name":"Mauro Dorato","profile_url":"https://uniromatre.academia.edu/MDorato?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4459747/4298945/4997349/s65_mauro.dorato.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":5419,"name":"Metaphysics of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Time?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":24793,"name":"Metaphysics of Free Will and Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":25386,"name":"Laws of Nature (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laws_of_Nature_Philosophy_?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":121491,"name":"Philosophy and Physics of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Physics_of_Time?f_ri=821"},{"id":229663,"name":"Science and Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Democracy-1?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4516216" data-work_id="4516216" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4516216/Logic_is_Metaphysics">Logic is Metaphysics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Analyzing the position of two philosophers whose views are recognizably divergent, W. O. Quine and M. Dummett, we intend to support a striking point of agreement between them: the idea that our logical principles constitute our principles... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4516216" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Analyzing the position of two philosophers whose views are recognizably divergent, W. O. Quine and M. Dummett, we intend to support a striking point of agreement between them: the idea that our logical principles constitute our principles about what there is, and therefore, that logic is metaphysics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4516216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a1052fd0612f1cc17da948158fe8ff6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31907821,"asset_id":4516216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31907821/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5610231" href="https://ufrn.academia.edu/DanielDurantePereiraAlves">Daniel Durante Pereira Alves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5610231" type="text/json">{"id":5610231,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Durante Pereira Alves","domain_name":"ufrn","page_name":"DanielDurantePereiraAlves","display_name":"Daniel Durante Pereira Alves","profile_url":"https://ufrn.academia.edu/DanielDurantePereiraAlves?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5610231/2455580/17341213/s65_daniel.durante_pereira_alves.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4516216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4516216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4516216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4516216", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4516216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4516216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4516216"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4516216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4516216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4516216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4516216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4516216").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4516216").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4516216"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="924" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic">Logic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="924" type="text/json">{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4516216]'), work: {"id":4516216,"title":"Logic is Metaphysics","created_at":"2013-09-17T19:57:09.170-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4516216/Logic_is_Metaphysics?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_4516216","summary":"Analyzing the position of two philosophers whose views are recognizably divergent, W. O. Quine and M. Dummett, we intend to support a striking point of agreement between them: the idea that our logical principles constitute our principles about what there is, and therefore, that logic is metaphysics.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31907821,"asset_id":4516216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5610231,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Durante Pereira Alves","domain_name":"ufrn","page_name":"DanielDurantePereiraAlves","display_name":"Daniel Durante Pereira Alves","profile_url":"https://ufrn.academia.edu/DanielDurantePereiraAlves?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5610231/2455580/17341213/s65_daniel.durante_pereira_alves.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":924,"name":"Logic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logic?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_943135" data-work_id="943135" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/943135/Preconscious_Free_Will">Preconscious Free Will</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper responds to continuing commentary on Velmans (2002a) “How could conscious experiences affect brains,” a target article for a special issue of JCS. I focus on the final question dealt with by the target article: how free will... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_943135" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper responds to continuing commentary on Velmans (2002a) “How could conscious experiences affect brains,” a target article for a special issue of JCS. I focus on the final question dealt with by the target article: how free will relates to preconscious and conscious mental processing, and I develop the case for preconscious free will.  Although “preconscious free will” might appear to be a contradiction in terms, it is consistent with the scientific evidence and provides a parsimonious way to reconcile the commonsense view that voluntary acts are freely chosen with the evidence that conscious wishes and decisions are determined by preconscious processing in the mind/brain.  I consider alternative interpretations of how “conscious free will” might operate by Libet and by Mangan and respond to doubts about the extent to which the operations of mind are revealed in consciousness, raised by Claxton and Bouratinos. In reconciling commonsense attributions of freedom and responsibility with the findings of science, preconscious free will can be shown to have practical consequences for adjudications in law.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/943135" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="babf89929abf15e37d04b75141b95ace" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30252600,"asset_id":943135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30252600/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136643" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans">Max Velmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136643" type="text/json">{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_943135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="943135"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 943135, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_943135", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_943135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 943135; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_943135"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_943135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="943135"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 943135; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=943135]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_943135").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_943135").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="943135"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=943135]'), work: {"id":943135,"title":"Preconscious Free Will","created_at":"2011-09-23T02:12:15.614-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/943135/Preconscious_Free_Will?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_943135","summary":"This paper responds to continuing commentary on Velmans (2002a) “How could conscious experiences affect brains,” a target article for a special issue of JCS. I focus on the final question dealt with by the target article: how free will relates to preconscious and conscious mental processing, and I develop the case for preconscious free will. Although “preconscious free will” might appear to be a contradiction in terms, it is consistent with the scientific evidence and provides a parsimonious way to reconcile the commonsense view that voluntary acts are freely chosen with the evidence that conscious wishes and decisions are determined by preconscious processing in the mind/brain. I consider alternative interpretations of how “conscious free will” might operate by Libet and by Mangan and respond to doubts about the extent to which the operations of mind are revealed in consciousness, raised by Claxton and Bouratinos. In reconciling commonsense attributions of freedom and responsibility with the findings of science, preconscious free will can be shown to have practical consequences for adjudications in law. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30252600,"asset_id":943135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":819,"name":"Free Will, Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=821"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":891,"name":"Metaphilosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphilosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=821"},{"id":2055,"name":"Consciousness (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Psychology_?f_ri=821"},{"id":4433,"name":"Self-Determination Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Determination_Theory?f_ri=821"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=821"},{"id":8779,"name":"Self Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":10427,"name":"Self-Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self-Knowledge?f_ri=821"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity?f_ri=821"},{"id":18297,"name":"Free Will","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will?f_ri=821"},{"id":22529,"name":"Self Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Identity?f_ri=821"},{"id":24793,"name":"Metaphysics of Free Will and Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=821"},{"id":29777,"name":"Free Will and Moral Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will_and_Moral_Responsibility?f_ri=821"},{"id":32384,"name":"Neurolaw","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurolaw?f_ri=821"},{"id":40066,"name":"Compatibilism and incompatibilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compatibilism_and_incompatibilism?f_ri=821"},{"id":40588,"name":"Moral Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Uncertainty?f_ri=821"},{"id":74262,"name":"Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=821"},{"id":97265,"name":"Free Will and Illusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Will_and_Illusion?f_ri=821"},{"id":128493,"name":"Punishment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punishment?f_ri=821"},{"id":134560,"name":"Autonomy and Free Will in Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomy_and_Free_Will_in_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":253390,"name":"Free will and determinism debate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_will_and_determinism_debate?f_ri=821"},{"id":388169,"name":"Criminal Law, Mens Rea, Culpabiltiy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law_Mens_Rea_Culpabiltiy?f_ri=821"},{"id":399075,"name":"Philosophy of mind Free will and Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_mind_Free_will_and_Consciousness?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13057137" data-work_id="13057137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13057137/Situating_Knowledge_through_the_Mothers_Committee_of_Bayview_Hunters_Point">Situating Knowledge through the Mothers Committee of Bayview Hunters Point</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This presentation is part of the Social Values in Medical Research track. Due to higher than national average breast cancer rates and deaths on Long Island the U.S. Congress in 1993 ordered a study of breast cancer on the island. The Long... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13057137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This presentation is part of the Social Values in Medical Research track. Due to higher than national average breast cancer rates and deaths on Long Island the U.S. Congress in 1993 ordered a study of breast cancer on the island. The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP), federally funded under Public Law 103-43, conducted by the National Cancer Institute</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13057137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67ba2e067878f2457f860bf71f75c025" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45731720,"asset_id":13057137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45731720/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25826396" href="https://wittenberg.academia.edu/NancyMcHugh">Nancy McHugh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25826396" type="text/json">{"id":25826396,"first_name":"Nancy","last_name":"McHugh","domain_name":"wittenberg","page_name":"NancyMcHugh","display_name":"Nancy McHugh","profile_url":"https://wittenberg.academia.edu/NancyMcHugh?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25826396/9664336/14498418/s65_nancy.mchugh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13057137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13057137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13057137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13057137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13057137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13057137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13057137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13057137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13057137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13057137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13057137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13057137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13057137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13057137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6802" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer">Breast Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6802" type="text/json">{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution">Air pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11976" type="text/json">{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution">Water Pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21724" type="text/json">{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13057137]'), work: {"id":13057137,"title":"Situating Knowledge through the Mothers Committee of Bayview Hunters Point","created_at":"2015-06-17T13:12:19.443-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13057137/Situating_Knowledge_through_the_Mothers_Committee_of_Bayview_Hunters_Point?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_13057137","summary":"This presentation is part of the Social Values in Medical Research track. Due to higher than national average breast cancer rates and deaths on Long Island the U.S. Congress in 1993 ordered a study of breast cancer on the island. The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP), federally funded under Public Law 103-43, conducted by the National Cancer Institute","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45731720,"asset_id":13057137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25826396,"first_name":"Nancy","last_name":"McHugh","domain_name":"wittenberg","page_name":"NancyMcHugh","display_name":"Nancy McHugh","profile_url":"https://wittenberg.academia.edu/NancyMcHugh?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25826396/9664336/14498418/s65_nancy.mchugh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":6802,"name":"Breast Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Cancer?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":21724,"name":"Water Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Pollution?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":23319,"name":"Ovarian Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ovarian_Cancer?f_ri=821"},{"id":56913,"name":"Citizen Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizen_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":117217,"name":"African American Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_American_Women?f_ri=821"},{"id":281562,"name":"Research Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Priorities?f_ri=821"},{"id":364937,"name":"Social Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Values?f_ri=821"},{"id":700344,"name":"National Cancer Institute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Cancer_Institute?f_ri=821"},{"id":725615,"name":"Mechanism of action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanism_of_action?f_ri=821"},{"id":1036777,"name":"Epidemiologic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiologic_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":1680434,"name":"Mortality rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mortality_rate?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5759544" data-work_id="5759544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5759544/Mathematics_Explanation_and_Reductionism_Exposing_the_Roots_of_the_Eyptianism_of_European_Civilization">Mathematics, Explanation and Reductionism: Exposing the Roots of the Eyptianism of European Civilization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have reached the peculiar situation where the advance of mainstream science has required us to dismiss as unreal our own existence as free, creative agents, the very condition of there being science at all. Efforts to free science from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5759544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have reached the peculiar situation where the advance of mainstream science has required us to dismiss as unreal our own existence as free, creative agents, the very condition of there being science at all. Efforts to free science from this dead-end and to give a place to creative becoming in the world have been hampered by unexamined assumptions about what science should be, assumptions which presuppose that if creative becoming is <br />explained, it will be explained away as an illusion. In this paper it is shown that this problem has permeated the whole of European civilization from the Ancient Greeks onwards, leading to a radical disjunction between cosmology which aims at a grasp of the universe through mathematics and history which aims to comprehend human action through stories. By going back to the Ancient Greeks and tracing the evolution of the denial of creative becoming, I trace the layers of assumptions that must in some way be transcended if we are to develop a truly post-Egyptian science consistent with the forms of understanding and explanation that have evolved within history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5759544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="609a3962ed200a55ab4d31c071610814" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32786808,"asset_id":5759544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32786808/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3551295" href="https://swinburne.academia.edu/ArranGare">Arran Gare</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3551295" type="text/json">{"id":3551295,"first_name":"Arran","last_name":"Gare","domain_name":"swinburne","page_name":"ArranGare","display_name":"Arran Gare","profile_url":"https://swinburne.academia.edu/ArranGare?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3551295/1225433/19380996/s65_arran.gare.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5759544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5759544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5759544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5759544", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5759544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5759544; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5759544"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5759544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5759544"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5759544; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5759544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5759544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5759544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5759544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="84403" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Philosophy">Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="84403" type="text/json">{"id":84403,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="178517" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_history_of_mathematics">Philosophy and history of mathematics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="178517" type="text/json">{"id":178517,"name":"Philosophy and history of mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_history_of_mathematics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5759544]'), work: {"id":5759544,"title":"Mathematics, Explanation and Reductionism: Exposing the Roots of the Eyptianism of European Civilization","created_at":"2014-01-18T05:52:19.492-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5759544/Mathematics_Explanation_and_Reductionism_Exposing_the_Roots_of_the_Eyptianism_of_European_Civilization?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_5759544","summary":"We have reached the peculiar situation where the advance of mainstream science has required us to dismiss as unreal our own existence as free, creative agents, the very condition of there being science at all. Efforts to free science from this dead-end and to give a place to creative becoming in the world have been hampered by unexamined assumptions about what science should be, assumptions which presuppose that if creative becoming is\r\nexplained, it will be explained away as an illusion. In this paper it is shown that this problem has permeated the whole of European civilization from the Ancient Greeks onwards, leading to a radical disjunction between cosmology which aims at a grasp of the universe through mathematics and history which aims to comprehend human action through stories. By going back to the Ancient Greeks and tracing the evolution of the denial of creative becoming, I trace the layers of assumptions that must in some way be transcended if we are to develop a truly post-Egyptian science consistent with the forms of understanding and explanation that have evolved within history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32786808,"asset_id":5759544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3551295,"first_name":"Arran","last_name":"Gare","domain_name":"swinburne","page_name":"ArranGare","display_name":"Arran Gare","profile_url":"https://swinburne.academia.edu/ArranGare?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3551295/1225433/19380996/s65_arran.gare.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":84403,"name":"Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_and_Roman_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":178517,"name":"Philosophy and history of mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_history_of_mathematics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2053423" data-work_id="2053423" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2053423/Reflexive_Monism_Psychophysical_relations_among_mind_matter_and_consciousness">Reflexive Monism: Psychophysical relations among mind, matter and consciousness </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper provides an initial, multidimensional map of the complex relationships among consciousness, mind, brain and the external world in a way that follows both the contours of everyday experience and the findings of science. It then... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2053423" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper provides an initial, multidimensional map of the complex relationships among consciousness, mind, brain and the external world in a way that follows both the contours of everyday experience and the findings of science. It then demonstrates how this reflexive monist map can be used to evaluate the utility and resolve some of the oppositions of the many other “isms” that currently populate consciousness studies. While no conventional, one-dimensional “ism” such as physicalism can do justice to this web of relationships, physicalism, functionalism, dualism, neutral monism, and dual-aspect monism can all be seen to provide useful ways of understanding different aspects of the relationships among consciousness, mind, brain and the external world when these are viewed in either a first- or a third-person way from within this web of relationships by sentient creatures such as ourselves. For example, physicalism and functionalism provide a useful understanding of consciousness, mind, brain and external world when viewed from a third-person perspective, while neutral monism provides a useful way of understanding first- versus third-person views of external phenomena. On the other hand, dual-aspect monism provides a useful way of understanding first- versus third-person views of mind, including Eastern versus Western views of mind.  Dual-aspect monism also provides a useful understanding of the “unconscious ground of being” that gives rise to, supports and embeds all these observable phenomena. For an integrated understanding one needs to understand how these phenomena and relationships combine into an integrated whole.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2053423" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="00ef43dae91a56632a6eeeebd06e8d9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30192029,"asset_id":2053423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30192029/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136643" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans">Max Velmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136643" type="text/json">{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2053423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2053423"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2053423, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2053423", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2053423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2053423; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2053423"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2053423 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2053423"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2053423; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2053423]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2053423").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2053423").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2053423"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">43</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion">Comparative Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="122" type="text/json">{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2053423]'), work: {"id":2053423,"title":"Reflexive Monism: Psychophysical relations among mind, matter and consciousness ","created_at":"2012-10-24T00:53:40.698-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2053423/Reflexive_Monism_Psychophysical_relations_among_mind_matter_and_consciousness?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_2053423","summary":"This paper provides an initial, multidimensional map of the complex relationships among consciousness, mind, brain and the external world in a way that follows both the contours of everyday experience and the findings of science. It then demonstrates how this reflexive monist map can be used to evaluate the utility and resolve some of the oppositions of the many other “isms” that currently populate consciousness studies. While no conventional, one-dimensional “ism” such as physicalism can do justice to this web of relationships, physicalism, functionalism, dualism, neutral monism, and dual-aspect monism can all be seen to provide useful ways of understanding different aspects of the relationships among consciousness, mind, brain and the external world when these are viewed in either a first- or a third-person way from within this web of relationships by sentient creatures such as ourselves. For example, physicalism and functionalism provide a useful understanding of consciousness, mind, brain and external world when viewed from a third-person perspective, while neutral monism provides a useful way of understanding first- versus third-person views of external phenomena. On the other hand, dual-aspect monism provides a useful way of understanding first- versus third-person views of mind, including Eastern versus Western views of mind. Dual-aspect monism also provides a useful understanding of the “unconscious ground of being” that gives rise to, supports and embeds all these observable phenomena. For an integrated understanding one needs to understand how these phenomena and relationships combine into an integrated whole. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30192029,"asset_id":2053423,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":122,"name":"Comparative Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":891,"name":"Metaphilosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphilosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=821"},{"id":1221,"name":"Indian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=821"},{"id":3344,"name":"Metaphysics of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics_of_Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":3730,"name":"Philosophy of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology?f_ri=821"},{"id":4430,"name":"Altered States of Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Altered_States_of_Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":4937,"name":"Theory of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Mind?f_ri=821"},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=821"},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=821"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":9581,"name":"The Self","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Self?f_ri=821"},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=821"},{"id":10499,"name":"Functionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functionalism?f_ri=821"},{"id":16603,"name":"Personal Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Identity?f_ri=821"},{"id":17728,"name":"Philosophy of perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_perception?f_ri=821"},{"id":20053,"name":"Theory of Mind (Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Mind_Psychology_?f_ri=821"},{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=821"},{"id":25218,"name":"Advaita Vedanta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advaita_Vedanta?f_ri=821"},{"id":25613,"name":"Philosophy of Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Nature?f_ri=821"},{"id":25785,"name":"Reflexive Monism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflexive_Monism?f_ri=821"},{"id":26418,"name":"Kabbalah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kabbalah?f_ri=821"},{"id":31130,"name":"Neutral monism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neutral_monism?f_ri=821"},{"id":35596,"name":"Vedanta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vedanta?f_ri=821"},{"id":38210,"name":"Yogacara","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yogacara?f_ri=821"},{"id":40633,"name":"Consciousness Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":46937,"name":"Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=821"},{"id":73726,"name":"Esoteric Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esoteric_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":74262,"name":"Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Artificial_Intelligence?f_ri=821"},{"id":101209,"name":"Psychobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychobiology?f_ri=821"},{"id":115179,"name":"Comparative Mystical Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Mystical_Literature?f_ri=821"},{"id":166758,"name":"Mahayana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mahayana?f_ri=821"},{"id":195341,"name":"Mind-body problem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mind-body_problem?f_ri=821"},{"id":362853,"name":"Embodied and Enactive Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embodied_and_Enactive_Cognition?f_ri=821"},{"id":467622,"name":"Third-Person Perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third-Person_Perspective?f_ri=821"},{"id":473782,"name":"First Person Perspective","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_Person_Perspective?f_ri=821"},{"id":623521,"name":"Dual Aspect Monism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dual_Aspect_Monism?f_ri=821"},{"id":1023336,"name":"Universal Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universal_Spirituality?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8236724" data-work_id="8236724" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8236724/Science_and_Religion_A_Response_to_the_New_Atheism">Science and Religion - A Response to the New Atheism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This paper provides a reasoned response to a column printed in USA Today.  It clarifies the nature and true purposes of both good science and good religious faith.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8236724" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3b468e9d433bd18c4d712398f4f45d52" rel="nofollow" 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{ var workId = 8236724; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8236724"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8236724 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8236724"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8236724; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8236724]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8236724").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8236724").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8236724"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7368" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion">Science and Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7368" type="text/json">{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19824" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Philosophy">Christian Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19824" type="text/json">{"id":19824,"name":"Christian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8236724]'), work: {"id":8236724,"title":"Science and Religion - A Response to the New Atheism","created_at":"2014-09-07T21:52:38.592-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8236724/Science_and_Religion_A_Response_to_the_New_Atheism?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_8236724","summary":"This paper provides a reasoned response to a column printed in USA Today. It clarifies the nature and true purposes of both good science and good religious faith. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54781733,"asset_id":8236724,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16052977,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Farra","domain_name":"ciu","page_name":"StephenFarra","display_name":"Stephen Farra","profile_url":"https://ciu.academia.edu/StephenFarra?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16052977/4359616/17914202/s65_stephen.farra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":19824,"name":"Christian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":21659,"name":"Christian Apologetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Apologetics?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41846768" data-work_id="41846768" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41846768/EL_PRINCIPIO_DE_PLENITUD_EN_EL_PENSAMIENTO_ANTIGUO_Y_LA_EDAD_MEDIA_Una_visi%C3%B3n_desde_la_obra_de_Arthur_Lovejoy">EL PRINCIPIO DE PLENITUD EN EL PENSAMIENTO ANTIGUO Y LA EDAD MEDIA (Una visión desde la obra de Arthur Lovejoy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this book, I examine the principles that philosopher and historian of ideas, Arthur Lovejoy, considers founders of the interpretation of the world as a great hierarchical chain of being. That is to say, the “principle of plenitude”,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41846768" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this book, I examine the principles that philosopher and historian of ideas, Arthur Lovejoy, considers founders of the interpretation of the world as a great hierarchical chain of being. That is to say, the “principle of plenitude”, that of ‘continuity’ and that of ‘qualitative grading’, all related to that of ‘sufficient reason’. But we deal particularly with the Middle Ages interpretation.<br />After considering how the ‘principle of plenitude’ arises in Platonic philosophy, then that of ‘continuity’ in the Aristotelian and also the mode of application of these principles in the Plotinian system; we select two Medieval philosophers among all those mentioned by Lovejoy: St. Augustine and St. Thomas. The first, because of its clear tendency towards Neoplatonic thinking, it is possible, indeed, to find a Christian version of the principle of plenitude, where Incoate variations of that reflection are the seed that will bear fruit in much more elaborate systems such as the Thomist. St. Augustine takes the Neoplatonic ideas of the self-diffusing high Good and the ‘principle of plenitude’ and leads them towards the constitution of a full but contingent universe. On the other hand, the second author, Thomas Aquinas, separates himself from the Platonic conception to think of a much more contingent universe, founded on the free divine gift of the esse. He elaborates a very complete and sophisticated theory about the divine Will and concludes conceiving a universe where necessity is nuanced.<br />There isn´t just an absolute necessity but also a hypothetical, which guarantees that the Necessary Being himself has the freedom to choose the creation of a merely contigent world. In the end we found very suggestive the theory created by Lovejoy, but irrelevant, rigorously speaking, to the philosophy of the Aquinate.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41846768" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce004fd2c306d4acfbdaaabbe16df534" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61982390,"asset_id":41846768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61982390/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="802202" href="https://ucv.academia.edu/LLlanes">María Guadalupe Llanes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="802202" type="text/json">{"id":802202,"first_name":"María Guadalupe","last_name":"Llanes","domain_name":"ucv","page_name":"LLlanes","display_name":"María Guadalupe Llanes","profile_url":"https://ucv.academia.edu/LLlanes?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/802202/274848/22242310/s65_lupe.llanes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41846768 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41846768"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41846768, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41846768", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41846768]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41846768").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41846768").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41846768"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="902" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion">Philosophy Of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="902" type="text/json">{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8417" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfred_North_Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8417" type="text/json">{"id":8417,"name":"Alfred North Whitehead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfred_North_Whitehead?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41846768]'), work: {"id":41846768,"title":"EL PRINCIPIO DE PLENITUD EN EL PENSAMIENTO ANTIGUO Y LA EDAD MEDIA (Una visión desde la obra de Arthur Lovejoy","created_at":"2020-02-03T19:38:36.114-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41846768/EL_PRINCIPIO_DE_PLENITUD_EN_EL_PENSAMIENTO_ANTIGUO_Y_LA_EDAD_MEDIA_Una_visi%C3%B3n_desde_la_obra_de_Arthur_Lovejoy?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_41846768","summary":"In this book, I examine the principles that philosopher and historian of ideas, Arthur Lovejoy, considers founders of the interpretation of the world as a great hierarchical chain of being. That is to say, the “principle of plenitude”, that of ‘continuity’ and that of ‘qualitative grading’, all related to that of ‘sufficient reason’. But we deal particularly with the Middle Ages interpretation.\nAfter considering how the ‘principle of plenitude’ arises in Platonic philosophy, then that of ‘continuity’ in the Aristotelian and also the mode of application of these principles in the Plotinian system; we select two Medieval philosophers among all those mentioned by Lovejoy: St. Augustine and St. Thomas. The first, because of its clear tendency towards Neoplatonic thinking, it is possible, indeed, to find a Christian version of the principle of plenitude, where Incoate variations of that reflection are the seed that will bear fruit in much more elaborate systems such as the Thomist. St. Augustine takes the Neoplatonic ideas of the self-diffusing high Good and the ‘principle of plenitude’ and leads them towards the constitution of a full but contingent universe. On the other hand, the second author, Thomas Aquinas, separates himself from the Platonic conception to think of a much more contingent universe, founded on the free divine gift of the esse. He elaborates a very complete and sophisticated theory about the divine Will and concludes conceiving a universe where necessity is nuanced.\nThere isn´t just an absolute necessity but also a hypothetical, which guarantees that the Necessary Being himself has the freedom to choose the creation of a merely contigent world. In the end we found very suggestive the theory created by Lovejoy, but irrelevant, rigorously speaking, to the philosophy of the Aquinate.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61982390,"asset_id":41846768,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":802202,"first_name":"María Guadalupe","last_name":"Llanes","domain_name":"ucv","page_name":"LLlanes","display_name":"María Guadalupe Llanes","profile_url":"https://ucv.academia.edu/LLlanes?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/802202/274848/22242310/s65_lupe.llanes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":8417,"name":"Alfred North Whitehead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfred_North_Whitehead?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":9041,"name":"Process Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":58659,"name":"Medieval Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Metaphysics?f_ri=821"},{"id":519390,"name":"Process philosophy and system theory, virtuality and actuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_philosophy_and_system_theory_virtuality_and_actuality?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35788558" data-work_id="35788558" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35788558/The_greatest_hacker_ever_1_6">The greatest hacker ever 1-6</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The hacker mentality in reality is independent therefrom what one hacking. The main point is that someone need to do such an achievement wich seams even for the same professionals almost impossible or something completely different and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35788558" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The hacker mentality in reality is independent therefrom what one hacking. The main point is that someone need to do such an achievement wich seams even for the same professionals almost impossible or something completely different and this achievement throwing new light upon the field of investigation or it's broader environment too. In such a meaning the top scientists can be called hackers too as they gaining new knowledge from the Nature, from our closed environment, or in other words from the holographic virtual reality around us, from the Matrix. Deeper knowledge from our environment and from ourself has every time influenced our thinking and in broader sense our ideology and philosophy too. From the beginnings for us human beeings the most important questions are: Who are we really, where are we coming from, how does our mind and body work, how our physical world works and why are we here? To these questions one can find the answers only in case when one gaining knowledge not just from one field of life or science but from so much field of investigation as it is possible. Because of his accomplishment and work in that sense the greatest researcher in our history was Nikola Tesla, who from his very childhood made groundbreaking observations and discoveries first in his closer environment and later all around our planet Earth and in the whole Universe too. He discovered, invented and built such methodes, principles, parts, instruments and machines from conventional materials wich opened our closed reality and unraveled the hidden working of ourself and our physical world too. In that sense he really hacked the world around us perceptible only to our senses and instruments and gained such new informations and knowledge wich revolutionized our world view making it possible to reach undreamed goals. In the following notes we can read about those most outstanding discoveries of Nikola Tesla wich make him call " the greatest hacker ever " in our history.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35788558" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc40920f2e102511b127ffcf498195ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55665292,"asset_id":35788558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55665292/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38725523" href="https://independent.academia.edu/istvankocsis">István G Kocsis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38725523" type="text/json">{"id":38725523,"first_name":"István","last_name":"Kocsis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"istvankocsis","display_name":"István G Kocsis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/istvankocsis?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38725523/10785774/25287954/s65_istv_n.kocsis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35788558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35788558"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35788558, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35788558", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35788558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35788558; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35788558"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35788558 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35788558"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35788558; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35788558]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35788558").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35788558").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35788558"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17871" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics_Education">Physics Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17871" type="text/json">{"id":17871,"name":"Physics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics_Education?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35788558]'), work: {"id":35788558,"title":"The greatest hacker ever 1-6","created_at":"2018-01-29T13:54:11.123-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35788558/The_greatest_hacker_ever_1_6?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_35788558","summary":"The hacker mentality in reality is independent therefrom what one hacking. The main point is that someone need to do such an achievement wich seams even for the same professionals almost impossible or something completely different and this achievement throwing new light upon the field of investigation or it's broader environment too. In such a meaning the top scientists can be called hackers too as they gaining new knowledge from the Nature, from our closed environment, or in other words from the holographic virtual reality around us, from the Matrix. Deeper knowledge from our environment and from ourself has every time influenced our thinking and in broader sense our ideology and philosophy too. From the beginnings for us human beeings the most important questions are: Who are we really, where are we coming from, how does our mind and body work, how our physical world works and why are we here? To these questions one can find the answers only in case when one gaining knowledge not just from one field of life or science but from so much field of investigation as it is possible. Because of his accomplishment and work in that sense the greatest researcher in our history was Nikola Tesla, who from his very childhood made groundbreaking observations and discoveries first in his closer environment and later all around our planet Earth and in the whole Universe too. He discovered, invented and built such methodes, principles, parts, instruments and machines from conventional materials wich opened our closed reality and unraveled the hidden working of ourself and our physical world too. In that sense he really hacked the world around us perceptible only to our senses and instruments and gained such new informations and knowledge wich revolutionized our world view making it possible to reach undreamed goals. In the following notes we can read about those most outstanding discoveries of Nikola Tesla wich make him call \" the greatest hacker ever \" in our history.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55665292,"asset_id":35788558,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38725523,"first_name":"István","last_name":"Kocsis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"istvankocsis","display_name":"István G Kocsis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/istvankocsis?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38725523/10785774/25287954/s65_istv_n.kocsis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":17871,"name":"Physics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics_Education?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":55850,"name":"Nikola Tesla","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nikola_Tesla?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44976787" data-work_id="44976787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44976787/The_seductions_of_clarity">The seductions of clarity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The feeling of clarity can be dangerously seductive. It is the feeling associated with understanding things. And we use that feeling, in the rough-and-tumble of daily life, as a signal that we have investigated a matter sufficiently. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44976787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The feeling of clarity can be dangerously seductive. It is the feeling associated with understanding things. And we use that feeling, in the rough-and-tumble of daily life, as a signal that we have investigated a matter sufficiently. The sense of clarity functions as a thought-terminating heuristic. In that case, our use of clarity creates significant cognitive vulnerability, which hostile forces can try to exploit. If an epistemic manipulator can imbue a belief system with an exaggerated sense of clarity, then they can induce us to terminate our inquiries too early-before we spot the flaws in the system. How might the sense of clarity be faked? Let's first consider the object of imitation: genuine understanding. Genuine understanding grants cognitive facility. When we understand something, we categorize its aspects more easily; we see more connections between its dis-parate elements; we can generate new explanations; and we can communicate our understanding. In order to encourage us to accept a system of thought, then, an epistemic manipulator will want the system to provide its users with an exaggerated sensation of cognitive facility. The system should provide its users with the feeling that they can easily and powerfully create categorizations, generate explanations, and communicate their understanding. And manipulators have a significant advantage in imbuing their systems with a pleasurable sense of clarity, since they are freed from the burdens of accuracy and reliability. I offer two case studies of seductively clear systems: conspiracy theories; and the standardized, quantified value systems of bureaucracies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44976787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e53d4f7723a199a72588bcb407d1b9ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65514138,"asset_id":44976787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65514138/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16939422" href="https://utah.academia.edu/CThiNguyen">C. Thi Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16939422" type="text/json">{"id":16939422,"first_name":"C. Thi","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"CThiNguyen","display_name":"C. Thi Nguyen","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/CThiNguyen?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16939422/5989158/35803806/s65_c._thi.nguyen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44976787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44976787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44976787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44976787", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44976787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44976787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44976787"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44976787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44976787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44976787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44976787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44976787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44976787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44976787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2537" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics">Heuristics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2537" type="text/json">{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6756" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conspiracy_Theories">Conspiracy Theories</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6756" type="text/json">{"id":6756,"name":"Conspiracy Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conspiracy_Theories?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44976787]'), work: {"id":44976787,"title":"The seductions of clarity","created_at":"2021-01-25T14:53:22.500-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44976787/The_seductions_of_clarity?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_44976787","summary":"The feeling of clarity can be dangerously seductive. It is the feeling associated with understanding things. And we use that feeling, in the rough-and-tumble of daily life, as a signal that we have investigated a matter sufficiently. The sense of clarity functions as a thought-terminating heuristic. In that case, our use of clarity creates significant cognitive vulnerability, which hostile forces can try to exploit. If an epistemic manipulator can imbue a belief system with an exaggerated sense of clarity, then they can induce us to terminate our inquiries too early-before we spot the flaws in the system. How might the sense of clarity be faked? Let's first consider the object of imitation: genuine understanding. Genuine understanding grants cognitive facility. When we understand something, we categorize its aspects more easily; we see more connections between its dis-parate elements; we can generate new explanations; and we can communicate our understanding. In order to encourage us to accept a system of thought, then, an epistemic manipulator will want the system to provide its users with an exaggerated sensation of cognitive facility. The system should provide its users with the feeling that they can easily and powerfully create categorizations, generate explanations, and communicate their understanding. And manipulators have a significant advantage in imbuing their systems with a pleasurable sense of clarity, since they are freed from the burdens of accuracy and reliability. I offer two case studies of seductively clear systems: conspiracy theories; and the standardized, quantified value systems of bureaucracies. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65514138,"asset_id":44976787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16939422,"first_name":"C. Thi","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"utah","page_name":"CThiNguyen","display_name":"C. Thi Nguyen","profile_url":"https://utah.academia.edu/CThiNguyen?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16939422/5989158/35803806/s65_c._thi.nguyen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":2537,"name":"Heuristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heuristics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":6756,"name":"Conspiracy Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conspiracy_Theories?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":13833,"name":"Social Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Epistemology?f_ri=821"},{"id":52859,"name":"Deception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deception?f_ri=821"},{"id":303352,"name":"Bureacracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureacracy?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3138994" data-work_id="3138994" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3138994/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%94_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BE%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%80%CF%84%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_">Πατέλη Δ. Επιστήμες, πολιτική και επιστημονική Φιλοσοφία: Σχέσεις ανάπτυξης ή έκπτωσης;</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3138994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de4843fe6ef841e86553d468f22d3e0b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31048485,"asset_id":3138994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31048485/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="594340" href="https://tuc.academia.edu/DimitriosPatelis">Dimitrios Patelis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="594340" type="text/json">{"id":594340,"first_name":"Dimitrios","last_name":"Patelis","domain_name":"tuc","page_name":"DimitriosPatelis","display_name":"Dimitrios Patelis","profile_url":"https://tuc.academia.edu/DimitriosPatelis?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/594340/9843624/14455608/s65_dimitrios.patelis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3138994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3138994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3138994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3138994", }); 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Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45408901 coauthored" data-work_id="45408901" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45408901/My_Approach_to_Non_Philosophy_Has_Always_Been_Political_On_Non_Philosophy_Materialist_Feminism_the_Politics_of_the_Suffering_Body_and_the_Non_Marxist_Reading_of_Marx">My Approach to Non-Philosophy Has Always Been Political: On Non-Philosophy, Materialist Feminism, the Politics of the Suffering Body, and the Non-Marxist Reading of Marx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Katerina Kolozova is a Macedonian philosopher whose publications from last two decades aim to analyze various topics using François Laruelle’s “non-philosophy” or “non-standard philosophy.” Non-philosophy could be roughly described as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45408901" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Katerina Kolozova is a Macedonian philosopher whose publications from last two decades aim to analyze various topics using François Laruelle’s “non-philosophy” or “non-standard philosophy.” Non-philosophy could be roughly described as radicalized deconstruction:<br />Laruelle claims that not everything can be grasped by a philosophy: for Laruelle, “philosophy is too serious an affair to be left to the philosophers alone.”1  Non-philosophy opposes the “principle of sufficient philosophy” through which philosophy determines and decides<br />what is real. According to Laruelle, the ultimate limit of philosophical thought and its self-proclaimed sufficiency lies in its inherent tendency to close itself in a transcendental system of autofetishist conceptions, which presume that one can grasp the Real (“The Real is neither capable of being known or even ‘thought,’ but can be described in axioms. [...]<br />Even ‘immanence’ only serves to name the Real which tolerates nothing but axiomatic descriptions or formulations.”) by a philosophical thought, or that the Real could be mediated only through human thought. Laruelle criticizes this tendency of philosophy, which is usually expressing itself through the structure of “philosophical Decision.” (“To philosophize is to decide Reality and the thoughts that result from this, i.e. to believe to<br />be able to order them in the universal order of the Principle of Reason [Logos].”) Katerina Kolozova use Laruelle’s non-philosophy to explore more explicitly political topics. In the Cut Of Th e Real (2014),  she criticized certain dogmatism of poststructuralist philosophy and feminist theory, namely their symptomatic rejection of the Real and the<br />One. In Toward a Radical Metaphysics of Socialism (2015) and The Lived Revolution (2016) Kolozova presented a rereading of Marx, whose work she found relevant for the critique of speculative philosophical dimension of the capitalist economy, embodied in the 2008 global finance crisis, and in the latter book, she explored the possibility of a new political solidarity, based on “bodies in pain.” Kolozova doesn’t call to philosophically reconstruct Marx’s thought for the current situation, but she goes back to Marx with the help of Laruelle’s non-Marxism, contrary to the usual approach of Marxist philosophers, who often<br />try to create certain philosophical system of Marx’s work. Together with Eileen A. Joy,  Kolozova edited the anthology After the “Speculative Turn” (2016),  which addressed recent realist and materialist tendencies in feminist philosophy. In her most recent book, Capitalism’s Holocaust of Animals (2019),  Kolozova aimed to explore broader philosophical foundations of neoliberal capitalism, and its dealing with nonhuman animals and their suffering. According to Kolozova, “We have to start by coming to terms with what we did to the animals in the constitutive act of philosophy and via proxy to all those dehumanised that belong to the species of man ‘by courtesy’ only.”</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45408901" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e3ca466c92369934e94d1f04d4086f9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65925961,"asset_id":45408901,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65925961/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="290750" href="https://isshs.academia.edu/KaterinaKolozova">Katerina Kolozova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="290750" type="text/json">{"id":290750,"first_name":"Katerina","last_name":"Kolozova","domain_name":"isshs","page_name":"KaterinaKolozova","display_name":"Katerina Kolozova","profile_url":"https://isshs.academia.edu/KaterinaKolozova?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290750/58982/60924/s65_katerina.kolozova.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-45408901">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-45408901"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SusaJan">Jan Susa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-45408901'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-45408901').html(); 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According to Laruelle, the ultimate limit of philosophical thought and its self-proclaimed sufficiency lies in its inherent tendency to close itself in a transcendental system of autofetishist conceptions, which presume that one can grasp the Real (“The Real is neither capable of being known or even ‘thought,’ but can be described in axioms. [...]\nEven ‘immanence’ only serves to name the Real which tolerates nothing but axiomatic descriptions or formulations.”) by a philosophical thought, or that the Real could be mediated only through human thought. Laruelle criticizes this tendency of philosophy, which is usually expressing itself through the structure of “philosophical Decision.” (“To philosophize is to decide Reality and the thoughts that result from this, i.e. to believe to\nbe able to order them in the universal order of the Principle of Reason [Logos].”) Katerina Kolozova use Laruelle’s non-philosophy to explore more explicitly political topics. In the Cut Of Th e Real (2014), she criticized certain dogmatism of poststructuralist philosophy and feminist theory, namely their symptomatic rejection of the Real and the\nOne. In Toward a Radical Metaphysics of Socialism (2015) and The Lived Revolution (2016) Kolozova presented a rereading of Marx, whose work she found relevant for the critique of speculative philosophical dimension of the capitalist economy, embodied in the 2008 global finance crisis, and in the latter book, she explored the possibility of a new political solidarity, based on “bodies in pain.” Kolozova doesn’t call to philosophically reconstruct Marx’s thought for the current situation, but she goes back to Marx with the help of Laruelle’s non-Marxism, contrary to the usual approach of Marxist philosophers, who often\ntry to create certain philosophical system of Marx’s work. Together with Eileen A. Joy, Kolozova edited the anthology After the “Speculative Turn” (2016), which addressed recent realist and materialist tendencies in feminist philosophy. In her most recent book, Capitalism’s Holocaust of Animals (2019), Kolozova aimed to explore broader philosophical foundations of neoliberal capitalism, and its dealing with nonhuman animals and their suffering. According to Kolozova, “We have to start by coming to terms with what we did to the animals in the constitutive act of philosophy and via proxy to all those dehumanised that belong to the species of man ‘by courtesy’ only.”","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65925961,"asset_id":45408901,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":290750,"first_name":"Katerina","last_name":"Kolozova","domain_name":"isshs","page_name":"KaterinaKolozova","display_name":"Katerina Kolozova","profile_url":"https://isshs.academia.edu/KaterinaKolozova?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290750/58982/60924/s65_katerina.kolozova.jpg"},{"id":187887538,"first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Susa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SusaJan","display_name":"Jan Susa","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SusaJan?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/187887538/52497319/40608016/s65_jan.susa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3115,"name":"Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumanism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3404,"name":"Critical Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Animal_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=821"},{"id":14218,"name":"François Laruelle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fran%C3%A7ois_Laruelle?f_ri=821"},{"id":19553,"name":"Cyborg Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyborg_Feminism?f_ri=821"},{"id":19678,"name":"Non-Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=821"},{"id":39853,"name":"Post-Structuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Structuralism?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71001677" data-work_id="71001677" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71001677/Boris_Hessen_The_Last_Lectures">Boris Hessen: The Last Lectures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Soviet historian and philosopher of science Boris Hessen (English spelling also Gessen) is well known for the paper “On the Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Principia” he gave in 1931 to the Second International Congress of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71001677" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Soviet historian and philosopher of science Boris Hessen (English spelling also Gessen) is well known for the paper “On the Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Principia” he gave in 1931 to the Second International Congress of the History of Science in London. Its focus on the socio-economic aspects of the development of science – later called “externalism”– was regarded as groundbreaking. We present here an English translation of a lecture he gave in Moscow in April 1936, recently discovered in Russian archives, and believed to be one of his last works. He was arrested in August that year, admitting to “participation in counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activity” and “animosity toward Comrade Stalin”.  He was subject to torture and eventually executed in December, after denying “creating a terrorist cell at Moscow State University”. The lecture shows that despite being under enormous psychological pressure he coninued working on the history of physics but also returned to the philosophical questions of his earlier writings. We give a brief introduction to the lecture, attempting to place it in its context, and linking to his earlier work on the philosophy of physics from a Marxist standpoint which we have previously translated into English.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71001677" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f14b0816eb29bbd2d31962ea5a59e49" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80522814,"asset_id":71001677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80522814/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8403337" href="https://hud.academia.edu/CTalbot">Chris Talbot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8403337" type="text/json">{"id":8403337,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Talbot","domain_name":"hud","page_name":"CTalbot","display_name":"Chris Talbot","profile_url":"https://hud.academia.edu/CTalbot?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8403337/37336934/31630531/s65_chris.talbot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71001677 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71001677"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71001677, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71001677", }); 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Its focus on the socio-economic aspects of the development of science – later called “externalism”– was regarded as groundbreaking. We present here an English translation of a lecture he gave in Moscow in April 1936, recently discovered in Russian archives, and believed to be one of his last works. He was arrested in August that year, admitting to “participation in counter-revolutionary Trotskyist activity” and “animosity toward Comrade Stalin”. He was subject to torture and eventually executed in December, after denying “creating a terrorist cell at Moscow State University”. The lecture shows that despite being under enormous psychological pressure he coninued working on the history of physics but also returned to the philosophical questions of his earlier writings. We give a brief introduction to the lecture, attempting to place it in its context, and linking to his earlier work on the philosophy of physics from a Marxist standpoint which we have previously translated into English.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80522814,"asset_id":71001677,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8403337,"first_name":"Chris","last_name":"Talbot","domain_name":"hud","page_name":"CTalbot","display_name":"Chris Talbot","profile_url":"https://hud.academia.edu/CTalbot?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8403337/37336934/31630531/s65_chris.talbot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":498,"name":"Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1567,"name":"Soviet History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soviet_History?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33630272" data-work_id="33630272" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33630272/_Inusitata_spectaculi_Il_paesaggio_al_tempo_di_Salvator_Rosa_Nicolas_Poussin_e_Athanasius_Kircher">"Inusitata spectaculi". Il paesaggio al tempo di Salvator Rosa, Nicolas Poussin e Athanasius Kircher.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33630272" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fdd0611ea395a4c6c48cd0fa5307c4ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55580319,"asset_id":33630272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55580319/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1053518" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/CamillaFiore">Camilla Fiore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1053518" type="text/json">{"id":1053518,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Fiore","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"CamillaFiore","display_name":"Camilla Fiore","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/CamillaFiore?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33630272 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33630272"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33630272, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33630272", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33630272]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33630272").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33630272").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33630272"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1386" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory">Art Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1386" type="text/json">{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44198" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_paintings">Landscape paintings</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44198" type="text/json">{"id":44198,"name":"Landscape paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_paintings?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66957" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicholas_Poussin">Nicholas Poussin</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66957" type="text/json">{"id":66957,"name":"Nicholas Poussin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicholas_Poussin?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33630272]'), work: {"id":33630272,"title":"\"Inusitata spectaculi\". Il paesaggio al tempo di Salvator Rosa, Nicolas Poussin e Athanasius Kircher.","created_at":"2017-06-24T01:11:19.555-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33630272/_Inusitata_spectaculi_Il_paesaggio_al_tempo_di_Salvator_Rosa_Nicolas_Poussin_e_Athanasius_Kircher?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_33630272","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55580319,"asset_id":33630272,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1053518,"first_name":"Camilla","last_name":"Fiore","domain_name":"uniroma1","page_name":"CamillaFiore","display_name":"Camilla Fiore","profile_url":"https://uniroma1.academia.edu/CamillaFiore?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":44198,"name":"Landscape paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_paintings?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":66957,"name":"Nicholas Poussin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicholas_Poussin?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":190955,"name":"Athanasius Kircher","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Athanasius_Kircher?f_ri=821"},{"id":365806,"name":"Salvator Rosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salvator_Rosa?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38609668" data-work_id="38609668" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38609668/L_Art_Biotech_complete_book_">L' Art Biotech (complete book)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Book (in French) published in 2003 at the occasion of the first exhibition staging exclusively biomedia art works at the national art center Le Lieu Unique in Nantes/France. Hauser Jens (ed.): L'Art Biotech. Nantes/Trézélan, 2003. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38609668" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Book (in French) published in 2003 at the occasion of the first exhibition staging exclusively biomedia art works at the national art center Le Lieu Unique in Nantes/France. Hauser Jens (ed.): L'Art Biotech. Nantes/Trézélan, 2003. <br /> <br />The publication has not been available anymore since 2008; this PDF is made accessible with the agreement and the kind support of the Filigranes publishing house, until an augmented new edition will be be available. Great thanks to Filigranes and Patrick Le Bescont! <a href="https://www.filigranes.com" rel="nofollow">https://www.filigranes.com</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38609668" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7459598918b38bb4e41d9bbe58f882d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58685388,"asset_id":38609668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58685388/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12524523" href="https://ku-dk.academia.edu/JensHauser">Jens Hauser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12524523" type="text/json">{"id":12524523,"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Hauser","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"JensHauser","display_name":"Jens Hauser","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/JensHauser?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12524523/21715284/21033816/s65_jens.hauser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38609668 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38609668"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38609668, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38609668", }); 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Great thanks to Filigranes and Patrick Le Bescont! https://www.filigranes.com\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58685388,"asset_id":38609668,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12524523,"first_name":"Jens","last_name":"Hauser","domain_name":"ku-dk","page_name":"JensHauser","display_name":"Jens Hauser","profile_url":"https://ku-dk.academia.edu/JensHauser?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12524523/21715284/21033816/s65_jens.hauser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=821"},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":933,"name":"New Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Media?f_ri=821"},{"id":2699,"name":"Tissue Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tissue_Engineering?f_ri=821"},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art?f_ri=821"},{"id":4138,"name":"Hybridity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridity?f_ri=821"},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=821"},{"id":6065,"name":"DNA MICROARRAYS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_MICROARRAYS?f_ri=821"},{"id":6098,"name":"Media Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Arts?f_ri=821"},{"id":6970,"name":"Biomarkers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomarkers?f_ri=821"},{"id":20348,"name":"Plant breeding and genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_breeding_and_genetics?f_ri=821"},{"id":76498,"name":"Transgenics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transgenics?f_ri=821"},{"id":319725,"name":"Biomedia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedia?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30156699" data-work_id="30156699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30156699/Velmans_M_2009_Understanding_Consciousness_Second_Edition_Extract">Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness Second Edition Extract</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Understanding Consciousness, second edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense. Building on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30156699" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Understanding Consciousness, second edition provides a unique survey and evaluation of consciousness studies, along with an original analysis of consciousness that combines scientific findings, philosophy and common sense.<br /><br />Building on the widely praised first edition of the book, this new edition adds fresh research, and deepens the original analysis in a way that reflects some of the fundamental changes in the understanding of consciousness that have taken place over the last ten years.<br /><br />The book is divided into three parts; Part I surveys current theories of consciousness, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Part II reconstructs an understanding of consciousness from first principles, starting with its phenomenology, and leading to a closer examination of how conscious experience relates to the world described by physics and information processing in the brain. Finally, Part III deals with fundamental issues such as what consciousness is and does, and how it fits into the evolving universe. As the structure of the book moves from a basic overview of the field to a successively deeper analysis, it can be used both for those new to the subject and for more established researchers.<br /> <br />Understanding Consciousness tells a story with a beginning, middle and end in a way that integrates the philosophy of consciousness with the science. Overall, the book provides a unique perspective on how to address the problems of consciousness and as such will be of great interest to psychologists, philosophers, neuroscientists and other professionals concerned with mind/body relationships, and all who are interested in this subject.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30156699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d4774ec118b27d616d00041ff466b27f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50613627,"asset_id":30156699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50613627/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="136643" href="https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans">Max Velmans</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="136643" type="text/json">{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30156699 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30156699"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30156699, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30156699", }); 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Overall, the book provides a unique perspective on how to address the problems of consciousness and as such will be of great interest to psychologists, philosophers, neuroscientists and other professionals concerned with mind/body relationships, and all who are interested in this subject.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50613627,"asset_id":30156699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":136643,"first_name":"Max","last_name":"Velmans","domain_name":"goldsmiths","page_name":"MaxVelmans","display_name":"Max Velmans","profile_url":"https://goldsmiths.academia.edu/MaxVelmans?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/136643/36257/16019637/s65_max.velmans.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":236,"name":"Cognitive 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English translators. They persistently turn his poem into awkward and deadening prose, as if he... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41064322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Parmenides is probably the most influential of all Presocratics on the subsequent history of philosophy, yet he has been poorly served by his English translators. They persistently turn his poem into awkward and deadening prose, as if he had written an obscure treatise on logic. By rendering Parmenides’ poetry as poetry, in an English equivalent of its meter, this translation aims to show that his medium is essential to his message — that he is not a would-be analytic logician but a mystical visionary.striving to convey a revelation of ultimate reality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41064322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81e2733465cc0f796945510af8218521" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61333842,"asset_id":41064322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61333842/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="104031174" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RICHARDMCKIM">RICHARD McKIM</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="104031174" type="text/json">{"id":104031174,"first_name":"RICHARD","last_name":"McKIM","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RICHARDMCKIM","display_name":"RICHARD McKIM","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RICHARDMCKIM?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104031174/152733299/142333085/s65_richard.mckim.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41064322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41064322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41064322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41064322", }); 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By rendering Parmenides’ poetry as poetry, in an English equivalent of its meter, this translation aims to show that his medium is essential to his message — that he is not a would-be analytic logician but a mystical visionary.striving to convey a revelation of ultimate reality.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61333842,"asset_id":41064322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":104031174,"first_name":"RICHARD","last_name":"McKIM","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RICHARDMCKIM","display_name":"RICHARD McKIM","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RICHARDMCKIM?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/104031174/152733299/142333085/s65_richard.mckim.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":825,"name":"Medieval Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":833,"name":"Greek Tragedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Tragedy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":865,"name":"Presocratic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presocratic_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":2018,"name":"Plato","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plato?f_ri=821"},{"id":128841,"name":"Ancient skepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_skepticism?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33902170" data-work_id="33902170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33902170/A_subst%C3%A2ncia_em_Leibniz_da_no%C3%A7%C3%A3o_completa_%C3%A0_monada_expressiva">A substância em Leibniz: da noção completa à monada expressiva</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nossa proposta é investigar como ocorrem as metamorfoses da noção de substância simples no sistema leibniziano, entre Discurso de metafísica, Sistema novo da natureza e a comunicação das substâncias e Monadologia. Trata-se da mesma... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33902170" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nossa proposta é investigar como ocorrem as metamorfoses da noção de substância simples no sistema leibniziano, entre Discurso de metafísica, Sistema novo da natureza e a comunicação das substâncias e Monadologia. Trata-se da mesma substância ou são noções diferentes? <br />Partimos de aporias de sua época e a polêmica entre os métodos modernos e escolásticos. Apontamos as críticas de Leibniz a ambos, partindo das insuficiências modernas aos excessos escolásticos, passando, assim, do campo da física ao campo lógico, em vista das questões metafísicas. Apoiando-se na exposição lógica, acabamos tentando reconstruir, involuntariamente, todo o sistema a partir do princípio de identidade, para conseguir apontar com mais clareza as inovações de Leibniz que reconciliam os dois partidos em sua síntese original. <br />Ao final, fazemos breves apontamentos particulares sobre cada um dos três textos e tiramos nossas conclusões, se as diferentes expressões da substância simples, nossa questão motriz.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33902170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dcc1d51ed3606c7ce5ab0743cbc68d6b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53874491,"asset_id":33902170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53874491/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3534823" href="https://fflch.academia.edu/Lu%C3%AAPrado">Luê S. Prado</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3534823" type="text/json">{"id":3534823,"first_name":"Luê","last_name":"S. Prado","domain_name":"fflch","page_name":"LuêPrado","display_name":"Luê S. Prado","profile_url":"https://fflch.academia.edu/Lu%C3%AAPrado?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3534823/19925150/157081163/s65_lu_.s._prado.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33902170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33902170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33902170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33902170", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33902170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33902170; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33902170"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33902170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33902170"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33902170; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33902170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33902170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33902170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33902170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galileo_Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8442" type="text/json">{"id":8442,"name":"Galileo Galilei","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Galileo_Galilei?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33902170]'), work: {"id":33902170,"title":"A substância em Leibniz: da noção completa à monada expressiva","created_at":"2017-07-16T20:13:03.738-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33902170/A_subst%C3%A2ncia_em_Leibniz_da_no%C3%A7%C3%A3o_completa_%C3%A0_monada_expressiva?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_33902170","summary":"Nossa proposta é investigar como ocorrem as metamorfoses da noção de substância simples no sistema leibniziano, entre Discurso de metafísica, Sistema novo da natureza e a comunicação das substâncias e Monadologia. Trata-se da mesma substância ou são noções diferentes? \nPartimos de aporias de sua época e a polêmica entre os métodos modernos e escolásticos. Apontamos as críticas de Leibniz a ambos, partindo das insuficiências modernas aos excessos escolásticos, passando, assim, do campo da física ao campo lógico, em vista das questões metafísicas. Apoiando-se na exposição lógica, acabamos tentando reconstruir, involuntariamente, todo o sistema a partir do princípio de identidade, para conseguir apontar com mais clareza as inovações de Leibniz que reconciliam os dois partidos em sua síntese original. \nAo final, fazemos breves apontamentos particulares sobre cada um dos três textos e tiramos nossas conclusões, se as diferentes expressões da substância simples, nossa questão motriz.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53874491,"asset_id":33902170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3534823,"first_name":"Luê","last_name":"S. 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Leibniz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz?f_ri=821"},{"id":19940,"name":"History Of Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":35366,"name":"Monadology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monadology?f_ri=821"},{"id":39854,"name":"Leibniz","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leibniz?f_ri=821"},{"id":54012,"name":"XVII 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Moderna","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Da_Filosofia_Moderna?f_ri=821"},{"id":2685064,"name":"Theory of Expression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Expression?f_ri=821"},{"id":2750384,"name":"princípio de não contradição","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/princ%C3%ADpio_de_n%C3%A3o_contradi%C3%A7%C3%A3o?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7440910" data-work_id="7440910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7440910/Intelligent_Design_Dissertation_Introduction">Intelligent Design Dissertation Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13229752" href="https://ses.academia.edu/JThomasBridges">J Thomas Bridges</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13229752" type="text/json">{"id":13229752,"first_name":"J Thomas","last_name":"Bridges","domain_name":"ses","page_name":"JThomasBridges","display_name":"J Thomas Bridges","profile_url":"https://ses.academia.edu/JThomasBridges?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7440910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7440910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15023" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomism">Thomism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15023" type="text/json">{"id":15023,"name":"Thomism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thomism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21659" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Apologetics">Christian Apologetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21659" type="text/json">{"id":21659,"name":"Christian Apologetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christian_Apologetics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23457" 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38433625/Puissance_et_impuissance_de_la_r%C3%A9flexion">Puissance et impuissance de la réflexion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Quatrième de couverture: Réfléchir à la réflexion, penser la pensée et philosopher sur la philosophie, voilà ce que l’on propose de faire ici. Cette démarche est moins formelle qu’il n’y paraît, car interroger la nature et les exigences... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38433625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Quatrième de couverture: <br />Réfléchir à la réflexion, penser la pensée et philosopher sur la philosophie, voilà ce que l’on propose de faire ici. Cette démarche est moins formelle qu’il n’y paraît, car interroger la nature et les exigences de la pensée philosophique engage toute une philosophie. Une philosophie qui n’est pas dupe d’elle-même et qui commence par examiner sa propre finitude. « La dernière démarche de la raison, c’est de connaître qu’il y a une infinité de choses qui la surpassent. Elle est bien faible si elle ne va jusque là », disait Pascal. Nous montrons dans un esprit proche que la réflexion est d’autant plus puissante qu’elle reconnaît son impuissance, comme la philosophie authentique doit se savoir doublement bornée, par la pensée scientifique d’une part, et par la pensée mystique d’autre part. Il ne s’agit pas de rabaisser la philosophie, mais au contraire de lui permettre de comprendre ce qui la comprend et de trouver sa juste place dans le champ intellectuel.<br /><br />Table des matières<br /><br />Partie I – Enjeux ontologiques, gnoséologiques et axiologiques de la réflexion<br /><br />1- Fécondité de la réflexion, primat phénoménologique de l’irréfléchi, et horizon métaphysique de la réflexivité philosophique<br /><br />2- Les insuffisances gnoséologiques de la réflexion et l’horizon scientifique de la philosophie<br /><br />3- La réflexion sur les valeurs et les valeurs immanentes à la réflexion<br /><br />Partie II – La religion, la philosophie, la science et la mystique : progrès et bornes de la réflexion théorique<br /><br />1- Les progrès de la réflexion théorique : la religion, la philosophie et la science<br /><br />2- Les bornes de la réflexion théorique : la science, la philosophie et la mystique<br /><br />Partie III – Nature et exigences de la pensée philosophique (étude sur la philosophie et philosophie de la philosophie)<br /><br />1- Remarques introductives sur le projet de définir la philosophie et d’évaluer les philosophies<br /><br />2- Les exigences théoriques de la philosophie<br /><br />3- Les exigences pratiques de la philosophie<br /><br />4- Bilan sur les questions de définition et d’évaluation<br /><br />Partie IV – De la réflexivité intradisciplinaire à l’objectivation extradisciplinaire (histoire philosophique et savante de la philosophie)<br /><br />1- Remarques générales sur les rapports d’une discipline à son historiographie<br /><br />2- De la sociologie de la philosophie à l’histoire scientifique de la philosophie</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38433625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="587e56dc4a7e98a91407c11ce7ad45f6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":116896255,"asset_id":38433625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116896255/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52648405" href="https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/VincentCitot">Vincent Citot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52648405" type="text/json">{"id":52648405,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Citot","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"VincentCitot","display_name":"Vincent Citot","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/VincentCitot?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52648405/14554845/69208155/s65_vincent.citot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38433625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38433625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38433625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38433625", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38433625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38433625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38433625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38433625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1708" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Scepticism">Philosophical Scepticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1708" type="text/json">{"id":1708,"name":"Philosophical Scepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Scepticism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5178" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology">Phenomenology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5178" type="text/json">{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15086" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Philosophy_of_Science">General Philosophy of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15086" type="text/json">{"id":15086,"name":"General Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38433625]'), work: {"id":38433625,"title":"Puissance et impuissance de la réflexion","created_at":"2019-02-25T02:10:07.449-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38433625/Puissance_et_impuissance_de_la_r%C3%A9flexion?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_38433625","summary":"Quatrième de couverture: \nRéfléchir à la réflexion, penser la pensée et philosopher sur la philosophie, voilà ce que l’on propose de faire ici. Cette démarche est moins formelle qu’il n’y paraît, car interroger la nature et les exigences de la pensée philosophique engage toute une philosophie. Une philosophie qui n’est pas dupe d’elle-même et qui commence par examiner sa propre finitude. « La dernière démarche de la raison, c’est de connaître qu’il y a une infinité de choses qui la surpassent. Elle est bien faible si elle ne va jusque là », disait Pascal. Nous montrons dans un esprit proche que la réflexion est d’autant plus puissante qu’elle reconnaît son impuissance, comme la philosophie authentique doit se savoir doublement bornée, par la pensée scientifique d’une part, et par la pensée mystique d’autre part. Il ne s’agit pas de rabaisser la philosophie, mais au contraire de lui permettre de comprendre ce qui la comprend et de trouver sa juste place dans le champ intellectuel.\n\nTable des matières\n\nPartie I – Enjeux ontologiques, gnoséologiques et axiologiques de la réflexion\n\n1- Fécondité de la réflexion, primat phénoménologique de l’irréfléchi, et horizon métaphysique de la réflexivité philosophique\n\n2- Les insuffisances gnoséologiques de la réflexion et l’horizon scientifique de la philosophie\n\n3- La réflexion sur les valeurs et les valeurs immanentes à la réflexion\n\nPartie II – La religion, la philosophie, la science et la mystique : progrès et bornes de la réflexion théorique\n\n1- Les progrès de la réflexion théorique : la religion, la philosophie et la science\n\n2- Les bornes de la réflexion théorique : la science, la philosophie et la mystique\n\nPartie III – Nature et exigences de la pensée philosophique (étude sur la philosophie et philosophie de la philosophie)\n\n1- Remarques introductives sur le projet de définir la philosophie et d’évaluer les philosophies\n\n2- Les exigences théoriques de la philosophie\n\n3- Les exigences pratiques de la philosophie\n\n4- Bilan sur les questions de définition et d’évaluation\n\nPartie IV – De la réflexivité intradisciplinaire à l’objectivation extradisciplinaire (histoire philosophique et savante de la philosophie)\n\n1- Remarques générales sur les rapports d’une discipline à son historiographie\n\n2- De la sociologie de la philosophie à l’histoire scientifique de la philosophie","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":116896255,"asset_id":38433625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":58494346,"asset_id":38433625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52648405,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Citot","domain_name":"paris-sorbonne","page_name":"VincentCitot","display_name":"Vincent Citot","profile_url":"https://paris-sorbonne.academia.edu/VincentCitot?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52648405/14554845/69208155/s65_vincent.citot.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1708,"name":"Philosophical Scepticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Scepticism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":5178,"name":"Phenomenology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":15086,"name":"General Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":134303,"name":"Sociology of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":240568,"name":"Historiography of philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":360127,"name":"General Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Philosophy?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24756289" data-work_id="24756289" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24756289/Dharma_sa%E1%B9%81j%C3%B1%C4%81_Corporate_badges_of_Indus_Script_Corpora_ceramic_stoneware_bangles_seals_fillets">Dharma saṁjñā Corporate badges of Indus Script Corpora, ceramic (stoneware) bangles, seals, fillets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Data mining of Indus Script Corpora reveal the purpose of ceramic (stoneware) bangles (22), seals, fillets as dharma saṁjñā, 'badges of responsibility'.They are Corporate badges, with deciphered Indus Script inscriptions. Socio-cultural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24756289" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Data mining of Indus Script Corpora reveal the purpose of ceramic (stoneware) bangles (22), seals, fillets as dharma saṁjñā, 'badges of responsibility'.They are Corporate badges, with deciphered Indus Script inscriptions. Socio-cultural framework of a workshop (smithy-forge as a temple) for a cluster of Vedic villages unravels organization of artisanal-seafaring merchant society as a Corporation with ancient guilds. <br /><br />The reference to an archaeological settlement of Sarasvati civilization is based on the finds of fire-altars in many sites (80% or over 2000 sites out of 2600 sites of the Indus valley civilization are on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati), exemplified by the octagonal brick found in Binjor fire-altar (close to Anupgarh and Ganweriwala). At Anupgarh, the river forks into two channels: one flowing southwards towards Jaisalmer and another westwards towards Ganweriwala.<br /><br /><br />Binjor Indus Script seal PLUS fire-altar with octagonal brick (a signature tune of Vedic culture). See: <a href="http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/binjor-seal-with-indus-script.html" rel="nofollow">http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/binjor-seal-with-indus-script.html</a>  <br />Binjor seal with Indus Script deciphered. Binjor attests Vedic River Sarasvati as a Himalayan navigable channel en route to Persian Gulf <br /> Locus of Binjor, near Anupgarh on Vedic River Sarasvati<br /><br />There are clear intimations of precursors to corporate life in ancient Bharatam with the social organization of the samajam governed by the weltanchauung of dharma. By unambiguous allocation of socio-cultural responsibilities governing the economic activity and businesses (production and marketing) of Bharatam Janam in clusters of villages, dharma was enshrined as the inviolate principle of all cosmic phenomena manifested in material aspects of living.<br /><br />There are clear indications that cororate form (sreni) was used for the business of people. One one ceramic (stoneware) bangle (m1639) such a sreni is clearly identified headed by a sreshthin, guild-master. Thus, millennia before the Roman proto-corporations, Bharatam Janam, 'metalcaster folk' had evolved a system of socio-cultural organization of commonwealths (janapadas) for conducting businesses. Assets of the sreni were deposited into the treasury of the commonwealth and were distinct from the assets of the individual members of the sreni, many of whom were artisans and seafaring merchants.<br /> Location of Balakot, a site of Saraswvati civilization where a ceramic (stoneware) bangle with inscription was found. (Balakot 06)<br />See: <a href="http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/shell-working-at-ancient-balakot-pakistan/" rel="nofollow">http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/shell-working-at-ancient-balakot-pakistan/</a> Shell working at Ancient Balakot, Pakistan (Expedition, UPenn., Vol. 19, Issue 2, January, 1977)<br />  Balakot 06 Ceramic (stoneware) bangle with inscription<br /><br />Intimations of such janapadas are seen in the way distinct badges (as corporate badges) evolved for specific functionaries. Roots of the corporate form detailed in Kautilya's Arthas'astra are to be found in the corporate identities indicated by distinct structural elements in Indus Script corpora such as ceramic (stoneware) bangles, fillets, seals -- all with inscriptions -- as Dharma saṁjñā Corporate badges. For an Economic History of Corporate form in Ancient India, see a paper by Vikramaditya S. Khanna (2005): <a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=796464" rel="nofollow">http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=796464</a><br /><br />It is possible to read the sã̄gāḍā°ḍī 'lathe, portable furnace' hieroglyph-multiplex as rebus: sanghar 'fortification'; jangada 'consignments on approval' The pronunciation in Gujarati is jangaḍ relatable to jangāḍiyo ‘a military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury’ (of the commonwealth or guild)(Gujarati). Such a dharma saṁjñā 'corporate badge' may be the gold fillet with 'lathe' hieroglyph.<br /><br /> Gold paṭa, 'fillet'. Punctuated design on both ends. Mohenjodaro. <br /><br /><br />Executive summary: Socio-cultural framework of Vedic village clusters of Bronze Age<br /><br />The workshops evidenced by circular platforms are Corporations of the Bronze Age, with the emergence of guilds of artisans with specific functions and responsibilities to promote the Corporation as a commonwealth. It was a smiths' guild at work on circular platforms of Harappa using tablets as category 'tallies' for the final shipment of package with a seal impression. each functionary in the guild had a recognizable paṭa 'badge' (Corporate badge of dharma, of responsibility assigned in a socio-cultural organization of the samajam). A Bronze Age village of Bharatam Janam or a cluster of such villages was a janapada, a Corporation of artisan guilds.<br /><br />Three paṭa 'badges' are shown on the stone statue of the so-called 'priest-king' who wears a fillet on his forehead and also on hi right shoulder. A third badge is signified on his uttariyam (shawl) which is embellished with the hieroglyphs of 'trefoils' signifying tri-dhAtu 'three mineral' strands of dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter', with assigned functional responsibility.of a Potr 'purifier'. <br /><br />It is suggested that many such badges were worn by artisans of a Vedic village of the Bronze Age; such badges were ceramic (stoneware) bangles.<br />  An "eye bead" made of gold with steatite inlay, Harappa. Fired steatite beads appear to have been extremely important to the Indus people because they were incorporated into exquisite ornaments, such as this "eye bead" made of gold with steatite inlay found in 1995 at Harappa [Harappa Phase]. <a href="https://www.harappa.com/slide/gold-disc" rel="nofollow">https://www.harappa.com/slide/gold-disc</a><br /> The central ornament worn on the forehead of the famous "priest-king" sculpture from Mohenjo-daro appears to represent an eye bead, possibly made of gold with steatite inlay in the center. <a href="https://www.harappa.com/slide/priest-king-forehead" rel="nofollow">https://www.harappa.com/slide/priest-king-forehead</a><br /> <br />  <br />The weltanchauung, 'world perception' of artisans in a Vedic village was governed by 1. dharma, assigned responsibilities and 2. the metaphor of a kole.l 'smithy-forge' as a kole.l 'temple'.<br /> Male head probably broken from a seated sculpture. Finely braided or wavy combed hair tied into a double bun on the back of the head and a plain fillet or headband with hanging ribbons falling down the back. The upper lip is shaved and a closely cropped and combed beard lines the pronounced lower jaw. <br />  Male head shows the typical arrangement of the hair in a double bun, held in place by a thin fillet (badge) tied on the forehead.<br /><br />Functions assigned were recognized by distribution of ceramic (stoneware) bangles worn as paṭa, 'socio-cultural honour-badges'. Such a paṭa m. ʻ slab, tablet, metal plate ʼ,was distinct from the seals and tablets. <br /><br />Such a paṭa was a gold fillet with the inscribed sã̄gāḍā°ḍī 'lathe, portable furnace' hieroglyph-multiplex . <br /><br />Hieroglyph: सांगड [ sāṅgaḍa ]  That member of a turner's apparatus by which the piece to be turned is confined and steadied. सांगडीस धरणें To take into linkedness or close connection with, lit. fig.Rebus 1: Sangara [fr. saŋ+gṛ1 to sing, proclaim, cp. gāyati & gīta] 1. a promise, agreement J iv.105, 111, 473; v.25, 479; sangaraŋ karoti to make a compact Vin i.247; J (Pali) Rebus 2: śã̄gaḍa 'catamaran'. Such a सांगड [ sāṅgaḍa ] is alsoa hieroglyph-multiplex, f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together.<br /><br />Such a paṭa were two anthropomorphs of copper/bronze with spread legs of a human body. The rebus reading of the hieroglyph-multiplex (hypertext) on the badges: 1. helmsman, merchantman, (metal) suercargo, engraver, merchant, worker in wood and iron; 2. helmsman, (metal) supercargo, iron worker<br /><br />Spread legs on both anthropomorphs signify कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman' <br /><br />Sharply defined inscriptions on each of the 22 ceramic (stoneware) bangles indicate 21 sharply assigned responsibilities within the guild for metalwork, for e.g. 21 functional allocations of responsibilitie of artisans delineated in a Vedic village:<br />1. iron smelting, furnace work (m1659)<br />2. metal casting, engraving, documenting supercargo (m1647)<br />3. bronze (casting)(m1646)<br />4. gota (laterite) (m1641)<br />5. Seafaring merchant, magnetite ingot workshop (m1643)<br />6. Smithy, forge (m1641)<br />7. Moltencast copper, brass (m1640)<br />8. Alloy metal mint, weapons, implements workshop, guild master workshop (m1639)<br />9. Bronze ingots, implements, magnetite ingots (m1638)<br />10. Metalcasting workshop (cire perdue?)(m1637)<br />11. Metal implements, weapons, smithy, forge (m1636)<br />12. Blacksmith, seafaring merchant (m1634)<br />13. Helman for supercargo boat, iron furnace work, metals workshop (m1633)<br />14. Metal casting, alloy mixing workshop (m1632)<br />15. dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter', supercargo of implements (m1631)<br />16. Magnetite ingots, furnace work, supercargo engraver (m1630)<br />17. Iron furnace work, metal casting of tin, helmsman supercargo of metals, bharat ‘mixed alloys’  metalworker (m1629)<br />18. Minerals workshop guild (h2576)<br />19. Magnetite ingots, smelter (h1010)<br />20. dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter' tri-dhAtu, '‘three minerals (H98-3516/8667-01)<br />21. 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Socio-cultural framework of a workshop (smithy-forge as a temple) for a cluster of Vedic villages unravels organization of artisanal-seafaring merchant society as a Corporation with ancient guilds. \n\nThe reference to an archaeological settlement of Sarasvati civilization is based on the finds of fire-altars in many sites (80% or over 2000 sites out of 2600 sites of the Indus valley civilization are on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati), exemplified by the octagonal brick found in Binjor fire-altar (close to Anupgarh and Ganweriwala). At Anupgarh, the river forks into two channels: one flowing southwards towards Jaisalmer and another westwards towards Ganweriwala.\n\n\nBinjor Indus Script seal PLUS fire-altar with octagonal brick (a signature tune of Vedic culture). See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/12/binjor-seal-with-indus-script.html \nBinjor seal with Indus Script deciphered. Binjor attests Vedic River Sarasvati as a Himalayan navigable channel en route to Persian Gulf \n Locus of Binjor, near Anupgarh on Vedic River Sarasvati\n\nThere are clear intimations of precursors to corporate life in ancient Bharatam with the social organization of the samajam governed by the weltanchauung of dharma. By unambiguous allocation of socio-cultural responsibilities governing the economic activity and businesses (production and marketing) of Bharatam Janam in clusters of villages, dharma was enshrined as the inviolate principle of all cosmic phenomena manifested in material aspects of living.\n\nThere are clear indications that cororate form (sreni) was used for the business of people. One one ceramic (stoneware) bangle (m1639) such a sreni is clearly identified headed by a sreshthin, guild-master. Thus, millennia before the Roman proto-corporations, Bharatam Janam, 'metalcaster folk' had evolved a system of socio-cultural organization of commonwealths (janapadas) for conducting businesses. Assets of the sreni were deposited into the treasury of the commonwealth and were distinct from the assets of the individual members of the sreni, many of whom were artisans and seafaring merchants.\n Location of Balakot, a site of Saraswvati civilization where a ceramic (stoneware) bangle with inscription was found. (Balakot 06)\nSee: http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/shell-working-at-ancient-balakot-pakistan/ Shell working at Ancient Balakot, Pakistan (Expedition, UPenn., Vol. 19, Issue 2, January, 1977)\n Balakot 06 Ceramic (stoneware) bangle with inscription\n\nIntimations of such janapadas are seen in the way distinct badges (as corporate badges) evolved for specific functionaries. Roots of the corporate form detailed in Kautilya's Arthas'astra are to be found in the corporate identities indicated by distinct structural elements in Indus Script corpora such as ceramic (stoneware) bangles, fillets, seals -- all with inscriptions -- as Dharma saṁjñā Corporate badges. For an Economic History of Corporate form in Ancient India, see a paper by Vikramaditya S. Khanna (2005): http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=796464\n\nIt is possible to read the sã̄gāḍā°ḍī 'lathe, portable furnace' hieroglyph-multiplex as rebus: sanghar 'fortification'; jangada 'consignments on approval' The pronunciation in Gujarati is jangaḍ relatable to jangāḍiyo ‘a military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury’ (of the commonwealth or guild)(Gujarati). Such a dharma saṁjñā 'corporate badge' may be the gold fillet with 'lathe' hieroglyph.\n\n Gold paṭa, 'fillet'. Punctuated design on both ends. Mohenjodaro. \n\n\nExecutive summary: Socio-cultural framework of Vedic village clusters of Bronze Age\n\nThe workshops evidenced by circular platforms are Corporations of the Bronze Age, with the emergence of guilds of artisans with specific functions and responsibilities to promote the Corporation as a commonwealth. It was a smiths' guild at work on circular platforms of Harappa using tablets as category 'tallies' for the final shipment of package with a seal impression. each functionary in the guild had a recognizable paṭa 'badge' (Corporate badge of dharma, of responsibility assigned in a socio-cultural organization of the samajam). A Bronze Age village of Bharatam Janam or a cluster of such villages was a janapada, a Corporation of artisan guilds.\n\nThree paṭa 'badges' are shown on the stone statue of the so-called 'priest-king' who wears a fillet on his forehead and also on hi right shoulder. A third badge is signified on his uttariyam (shawl) which is embellished with the hieroglyphs of 'trefoils' signifying tri-dhAtu 'three mineral' strands of dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter', with assigned functional responsibility.of a Potr 'purifier'. \n\nIt is suggested that many such badges were worn by artisans of a Vedic village of the Bronze Age; such badges were ceramic (stoneware) bangles.\n An \"eye bead\" made of gold with steatite inlay, Harappa. Fired steatite beads appear to have been extremely important to the Indus people because they were incorporated into exquisite ornaments, such as this \"eye bead\" made of gold with steatite inlay found in 1995 at Harappa [Harappa Phase]. https://www.harappa.com/slide/gold-disc\n The central ornament worn on the forehead of the famous \"priest-king\" sculpture from Mohenjo-daro appears to represent an eye bead, possibly made of gold with steatite inlay in the center. https://www.harappa.com/slide/priest-king-forehead\n \n \nThe weltanchauung, 'world perception' of artisans in a Vedic village was governed by 1. dharma, assigned responsibilities and 2. the metaphor of a kole.l 'smithy-forge' as a kole.l 'temple'.\n Male head probably broken from a seated sculpture. Finely braided or wavy combed hair tied into a double bun on the back of the head and a plain fillet or headband with hanging ribbons falling down the back. The upper lip is shaved and a closely cropped and combed beard lines the pronounced lower jaw. \n Male head shows the typical arrangement of the hair in a double bun, held in place by a thin fillet (badge) tied on the forehead.\n\nFunctions assigned were recognized by distribution of ceramic (stoneware) bangles worn as paṭa, 'socio-cultural honour-badges'. Such a paṭa m. ʻ slab, tablet, metal plate ʼ,was distinct from the seals and tablets. \n\nSuch a paṭa was a gold fillet with the inscribed sã̄gāḍā°ḍī 'lathe, portable furnace' hieroglyph-multiplex . \n\nHieroglyph: सांगड [ sāṅgaḍa ] That member of a turner's apparatus by which the piece to be turned is confined and steadied. सांगडीस धरणें To take into linkedness or close connection with, lit. fig.Rebus 1: Sangara [fr. saŋ+gṛ1 to sing, proclaim, cp. gāyati \u0026 gīta] 1. a promise, agreement J iv.105, 111, 473; v.25, 479; sangaraŋ karoti to make a compact Vin i.247; J (Pali) Rebus 2: śã̄gaḍa 'catamaran'. Such a सांगड [ sāṅgaḍa ] is alsoa hieroglyph-multiplex, f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together.\n\nSuch a paṭa were two anthropomorphs of copper/bronze with spread legs of a human body. The rebus reading of the hieroglyph-multiplex (hypertext) on the badges: 1. helmsman, merchantman, (metal) suercargo, engraver, merchant, worker in wood and iron; 2. helmsman, (metal) supercargo, iron worker\n\nSpread legs on both anthropomorphs signify कर्णक 'spread legs' rebus: 'helmsman' \n\nSharply defined inscriptions on each of the 22 ceramic (stoneware) bangles indicate 21 sharply assigned responsibilities within the guild for metalwork, for e.g. 21 functional allocations of responsibilitie of artisans delineated in a Vedic village:\n1.\tiron smelting, furnace work (m1659)\n2.\tmetal casting, engraving, documenting supercargo (m1647)\n3.\tbronze (casting)(m1646)\n4.\tgota (laterite) (m1641)\n5.\tSeafaring merchant, magnetite ingot workshop (m1643)\n6.\tSmithy, forge (m1641)\n7.\tMoltencast copper, brass (m1640)\n8.\tAlloy metal mint, weapons, implements workshop, guild master workshop (m1639)\n9.\tBronze ingots, implements, magnetite ingots (m1638)\n10.\tMetalcasting workshop (cire perdue?)(m1637)\n11.\tMetal implements, weapons, smithy, forge (m1636)\n12.\tBlacksmith, seafaring merchant (m1634)\n13.\tHelman for supercargo boat, iron furnace work, metals workshop (m1633)\n14.\tMetal casting, alloy mixing workshop (m1632)\n15.\tdhā̆vaḍ 'smelter', supercargo of implements (m1631)\n16.\tMagnetite ingots, furnace work, supercargo engraver (m1630)\n17.\tIron furnace work, metal casting of tin, helmsman supercargo of metals, bharat ‘mixed alloys’ metalworker (m1629)\n18.\tMinerals workshop guild (h2576)\n19.\tMagnetite ingots, smelter (h1010)\n20.\tdhā̆vaḍ 'smelter' tri-dhAtu, '‘three minerals (H98-3516/8667-01)\n21.\tSeafaring merchant, supercargo engraver(Blkt-6)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45086495,"asset_id":24756289,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":662769,"first_name":"Srini","last_name":"Kalyanaraman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SriniKalyanaraman","display_name":"Srini 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href="https://www.academia.edu/23203902/La_soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_postmortelle_la_mort_lindividu_et_le_lien_social_%C3%A0_l%C3%A8re_des_technosciences">La société postmortelle: la mort, l'individu et le lien social à l'ère des technosciences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Faire reculer la mort, agir sur ces causes, en modifier les frontières, contrôler l’ensemble de ses paramètres, comprendre son processus afin de prolonger le plus longtemps possible la vie, voire dépasser les limites temporelles assignées... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23203902" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Faire reculer la mort, agir sur ces causes, en modifier les frontières, contrôler l’ensemble de ses paramètres, comprendre son processus afin de prolonger le plus longtemps possible la vie, voire dépasser les limites temporelles assignées à l’existence humaine, tels sont les objectifs poursuivis sans relâche par les autorités scientifiques et politiques, au point que la santé est devenue l’une des préoccupations majeures de nos sociétés. Repoussée dans la sphère intime, la mort se désocialise, entraînant de ce fait un effritement du lien social. La notion de « postmortalité » renvoie à ce nouveau rapport à la mort qui s’affirme aujourd’hui par la volonté affichée de vaincre techniquement celle-ci et, en quelque sorte, de « vivre sans vieillir ». C’est la description minutieuse de ce courant de pensée que propose le livre de Céline Lafontaine, dérangeant à bien des égards.<br /><br />Poursuivant la réflexion amorcée dans L’Empire cybernétique, l’auteur élabore ici une synthèse critique des représentations et des pratiques liées à la postmortalité visant à ouvrir un champ de réflexion et de débat sur le statut de la mortalité dans notre société et ses conséquences pour l’avenir</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23203902" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="133e074c8eb8c223d487c4e0c0342e52" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43692900,"asset_id":23203902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43692900/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="955005" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/celinelafontaine">lafontaine céline</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="955005" type="text/json">{"id":955005,"first_name":"lafontaine","last_name":"céline","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"celinelafontaine","display_name":"lafontaine céline","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/celinelafontaine?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/955005/11951932/13317792/s65_lafontaine.c_line.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23203902 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23203902"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23203902, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23203902", }); 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Repoussée dans la sphère intime, la mort se désocialise, entraînant de ce fait un effritement du lien social. La notion de « postmortalité » renvoie à ce nouveau rapport à la mort qui s’affirme aujourd’hui par la volonté affichée de vaincre techniquement celle-ci et, en quelque sorte, de « vivre sans vieillir ». C’est la description minutieuse de ce courant de pensée que propose le livre de Céline Lafontaine, dérangeant à bien des égards.\n\nPoursuivant la réflexion amorcée dans L’Empire cybernétique, l’auteur élabore ici une synthèse critique des représentations et des pratiques liées à la postmortalité visant à ouvrir un champ de réflexion et de débat sur le statut de la mortalité dans notre société et ses conséquences pour l’avenir","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43692900,"asset_id":23203902,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":955005,"first_name":"lafontaine","last_name":"céline","domain_name":"umontreal","page_name":"celinelafontaine","display_name":"lafontaine céline","profile_url":"https://umontreal.academia.edu/celinelafontaine?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/955005/11951932/13317792/s65_lafontaine.c_line.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=821"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6340935" data-work_id="6340935" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6340935/Plantinga_on_Properly_Basic_Belief_in_God_Lessons_from_the_Epistemology_of_Perception">Plantinga on Properly Basic Belief in God: Lessons from the Epistemology of Perception</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plantinga famously argues against the evidentialist that belief in God can be properly basic. Consideration of the epistemology of cognitive faculties (like perception and memory) that produce psychologically non-inferential belief helps... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6340935" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plantinga famously argues against the evidentialist that belief in God can be properly basic.  Consideration of the epistemology of cognitive faculties (like perception and memory) that produce psychologically non-inferential belief helps us understand how various inferentially-justified theoretical beliefs are epistemically prior to our memory and perceptual beliefs, preventing such beliefs from being epistemically basic.  Taking seriously Plantinga’s analogy between the sensus divinitatis and cognitive faculties like memory and perception, I argue that such considerations give us good reason to think that the deliverances of the sensus divinitatis cannot be properly basic, either.  We close by considering a number of objections to our argument by and on behalf of Plantinga.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6340935" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1ef02495f2da2d3c9b6c48fbf3a63a91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33168921,"asset_id":6340935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33168921/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9883239" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons">Jeremy Koons</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9883239" type="text/json">{"id":9883239,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Koons","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JeremyKoons","display_name":"Jeremy Koons","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6340935 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6340935"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6340935, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6340935", }); 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Consideration of the epistemology of cognitive faculties (like perception and memory) that produce psychologically non-inferential belief helps us understand how various inferentially-justified theoretical beliefs are epistemically prior to our memory and perceptual beliefs, preventing such beliefs from being epistemically basic. Taking seriously Plantinga’s analogy between the sensus divinitatis and cognitive faculties like memory and perception, I argue that such considerations give us good reason to think that the deliverances of the sensus divinitatis cannot be properly basic, either. We close by considering a number of objections to our argument by and on behalf of Plantinga.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33168921,"asset_id":6340935,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9883239,"first_name":"Jeremy","last_name":"Koons","domain_name":"georgetown","page_name":"JeremyKoons","display_name":"Jeremy Koons","profile_url":"https://georgetown.academia.edu/JeremyKoons?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80283516 coauthored" data-work_id="80283516" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80283516/Quantum_Wave_Information_of_Life_Revealed_An_Algorithm_for_Electromagnetic_Frequencies_that_Create_Stability_of_Biological_Order_With_Implications_for_Brain_Function_and_Consciousness">Quantum Wave Information of Life Revealed: An Algorithm for Electromagnetic Frequencies that Create Stability of Biological Order, With Implications for Brain Function and Consciousness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80283516" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="454b050de92752dffe105bf4a13b81cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86716834,"asset_id":80283516,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86716834/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72224675" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HansGeesink">Hans Geesink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72224675" type="text/json">{"id":72224675,"first_name":"Hans","last_name":"Geesink","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HansGeesink","display_name":"Hans Geesink","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HansGeesink?f_ri=821","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-80283516">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-80283516"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/DirkMeijer">Dirk K F Meijer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-80283516'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-80283516').html(); 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Deacon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5671275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc90b2ecb0616198b8336c5ef120428b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32724842,"asset_id":5671275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32724842/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="204089" href="https://scu.academia.edu/BrianGreen">Brian Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="204089" type="text/json">{"id":204089,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"scu","page_name":"BrianGreen","display_name":"Brian Green","profile_url":"https://scu.academia.edu/BrianGreen?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/204089/100923/19021584/s65_brian.green.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5671275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5671275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5671275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5671275", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5671275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5671275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5671275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5671275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7368" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion">Science and Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7368" type="text/json">{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Science">Theology and Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21047" type="text/json">{"id":21047,"name":"Theology and Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5671275]'), work: {"id":5671275,"title":"Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter, by Terrence W. Deacon","created_at":"2014-01-10T05:43:24.303-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5671275/Incomplete_Nature_How_Mind_Emerged_from_Matter_by_Terrence_W_Deacon?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_5671275","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32724842,"asset_id":5671275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":204089,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"scu","page_name":"BrianGreen","display_name":"Brian Green","profile_url":"https://scu.academia.edu/BrianGreen?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/204089/100923/19021584/s65_brian.green.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":7368,"name":"Science and Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":21047,"name":"Theology and Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology_and_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":24381,"name":"Teleology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teleology?f_ri=821"},{"id":25613,"name":"Philosophy of Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Nature?f_ri=821"},{"id":32821,"name":"Science and Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_and_Theology?f_ri=821"},{"id":34960,"name":"Emergence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergence?f_ri=821"},{"id":37055,"name":"Religion and Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":80789,"name":"Terrence Deacon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrence_Deacon?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32373350" data-work_id="32373350" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32373350/KANT_AND_QUANTUM_MECHANICS_Three_strategies_for_updating_transcendental_epistemology">KANT AND QUANTUM MECHANICS: Three strategies for updating transcendental epistemology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Early in the twentieth century, Kant’s epistemology was accused of having become irrelevant in view of the relativistic and the quantum revolutions. Relativity seemed to discard the transcendental aesthetic (the doctrine of space as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32373350" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Early in the twentieth century, Kant’s epistemology was accused of having become irrelevant in view of the relativistic and the quantum revolutions. Relativity seemed to discard the transcendental aesthetic (the doctrine of space as intuitive a priori), and quantum mechanics the transcendental analytic (the doctrine of causality as conceptual  a priori). But some neo-Kantian philosophers (especially E. Cassirer, the young H. Reichenbach, G. Hermann, P. Mittelstaedt etc.) convincingly argued that these problems could be solved.  Three strategies of adaptation of transcendental epistemology to the challenge of modern physics will then be discussed : 1) restriction of Kant’s a priori principles to the domain of ordinary cognition ; 2) research of even more general a priori principles able to cover the domains of modern physics as well ; 3) relativization and historicisation of the a priori. It will then be shown that the basic strategy of transcendental epistemology, to wit the ‘copernican revolution’, or the reflective attitude, has never been as indispensible to the intelligibility of physics. This strategy will be briefly applied to the justification of the structure of quantum mechanics, to understanding non-separability, and to re-interpreting decoherence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32373350" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9a2aa224e1b166e15e4374a0cbec979" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52577199,"asset_id":32373350,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52577199/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28700198" href="https://ens.academia.edu/MichelBitbol">Michel Bitbol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28700198" type="text/json">{"id":28700198,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Bitbol","domain_name":"ens","page_name":"MichelBitbol","display_name":"Michel Bitbol","profile_url":"https://ens.academia.edu/MichelBitbol?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28700198/8447684/10143861/s65_michel.bitbol.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32373350 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32373350"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32373350, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32373350", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32373350]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32373350").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32373350").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32373350"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="518" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics">Quantum Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="518" type="text/json">{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="822" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics">Philosophy of Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="822" type="text/json">{"id":822,"name":"Philosophy of Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32373350]'), work: {"id":32373350,"title":"KANT AND QUANTUM MECHANICS: Three strategies for updating transcendental epistemology","created_at":"2017-04-10T23:20:59.020-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32373350/KANT_AND_QUANTUM_MECHANICS_Three_strategies_for_updating_transcendental_epistemology?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_32373350","summary":"Early in the twentieth century, Kant’s epistemology was accused of having become irrelevant in view of the relativistic and the quantum revolutions. Relativity seemed to discard the transcendental aesthetic (the doctrine of space as intuitive a priori), and quantum mechanics the transcendental analytic (the doctrine of causality as conceptual a priori). But some neo-Kantian philosophers (especially E. Cassirer, the young H. Reichenbach, G. Hermann, P. Mittelstaedt etc.) convincingly argued that these problems could be solved. Three strategies of adaptation of transcendental epistemology to the challenge of modern physics will then be discussed : 1) restriction of Kant’s a priori principles to the domain of ordinary cognition ; 2) research of even more general a priori principles able to cover the domains of modern physics as well ; 3) relativization and historicisation of the a priori. It will then be shown that the basic strategy of transcendental epistemology, to wit the ‘copernican revolution’, or the reflective attitude, has never been as indispensible to the intelligibility of physics. This strategy will be briefly applied to the justification of the structure of quantum mechanics, to understanding non-separability, and to re-interpreting decoherence. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52577199,"asset_id":32373350,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28700198,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Bitbol","domain_name":"ens","page_name":"MichelBitbol","display_name":"Michel Bitbol","profile_url":"https://ens.academia.edu/MichelBitbol?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28700198/8447684/10143861/s65_michel.bitbol.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":518,"name":"Quantum Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantum_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":822,"name":"Philosophy of Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":16031,"name":"Immanuel Kant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immanuel_Kant?f_ri=821"},{"id":25387,"name":"Ernst Cassirer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernst_Cassirer?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_529661" data-work_id="529661" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/529661/Knowing_Together_A_Social_Epistemology_for_Socio_Technical_Epistemic_Systems">Knowing Together: A Social Epistemology for Socio-Technical Epistemic Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"In recent years new applications emerged on the Web which received the labels Web2.0 or social software. In many of these applications people are engaged in epistemic activities, such as the dissemination, organization or creation of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_529661" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"In recent years new applications emerged on the Web which received the labels Web2.0 or social software. In many of these applications people are engaged in epistemic activities, such as the dissemination, organization or creation of knowledge. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the epistemological relevance of such epistemic social software. Because communication and interaction between multiple agents seems to be the key to understand the epistemic processes within such systems, social epistemology, the philosophical discipline exploring the ways and the extent to which knowledge is social, was chosen as a theoretical framework. However, none of the existing comprehensive social epistemologies delivers a sufficient framework to analyze epistemic social software. Therefore, I have developed a new socio-epistemological framework to analyze epistemic social software which is rooted in socio-epistemological discourse, but amends it with insights from the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). <br /> <br />My framework is founded on a tripartite classification of socio-technical epistemic system based on the mechanisms they employ to close socio-epistemic processes. These three mechanisms are integration, aggregation and selection. With this classification I do not aim at reducing the differences between systems to their mechanisms of closure. However, I argue that the classification based on this indicator is heuristically fruitful. Systems employing different mechanisms of closure depend on different social, technical and epistemic prerequisites, have different strengths and weaknesses and are optimal for different epistemic tasks. My model puts a fact into the focus that has been neglected so far in social epistemology: the technical and its relationship to the social and the epistemic. Since most epistemic practices are nowadays pervaded by technologies, such a consideration of the role of technologies in these practices seems to be indispensable for any social epistemology that aims at being not only normatively appropriate, but also empirically adequate."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/529661" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b2da19e73d2c7173feccdfa3f27d96d6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":29662492,"asset_id":529661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/29662492/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33472" href="https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/JudithSimon">Judith Simon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33472" type="text/json">{"id":33472,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Simon","domain_name":"uni-hamburg","page_name":"JudithSimon","display_name":"Judith Simon","profile_url":"https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/JudithSimon?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33472/10899/5539218/s65_judith.simon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_529661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="529661"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 529661, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_529661", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_529661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 529661; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_529661"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_529661 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="529661"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 529661; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=529661]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_529661").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_529661").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="529661"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony">Testimony</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="850" type="text/json">{"id":850,"name":"Testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="984" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0">Web 2.0</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="984" type="text/json">{"id":984,"name":"Web 2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=529661]'), work: {"id":529661,"title":"Knowing Together: A Social Epistemology for Socio-Technical Epistemic Systems","created_at":"2011-04-14T19:12:01.275-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/529661/Knowing_Together_A_Social_Epistemology_for_Socio_Technical_Epistemic_Systems?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_529661","summary":"\"In recent years new applications emerged on the Web which received the labels Web2.0 or social software. In many of these applications people are engaged in epistemic activities, such as the dissemination, organization or creation of knowledge. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the epistemological relevance of such epistemic social software. Because communication and interaction between multiple agents seems to be the key to understand the epistemic processes within such systems, social epistemology, the philosophical discipline exploring the ways and the extent to which knowledge is social, was chosen as a theoretical framework. However, none of the existing comprehensive social epistemologies delivers a sufficient framework to analyze epistemic social software. Therefore, I have developed a new socio-epistemological framework to analyze epistemic social software which is rooted in socio-epistemological discourse, but amends it with insights from the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS).\r\n\r\nMy framework is founded on a tripartite classification of socio-technical epistemic system based on the mechanisms they employ to close socio-epistemic processes. These three mechanisms are integration, aggregation and selection. With this classification I do not aim at reducing the differences between systems to their mechanisms of closure. However, I argue that the classification based on this indicator is heuristically fruitful. Systems employing different mechanisms of closure depend on different social, technical and epistemic prerequisites, have different strengths and weaknesses and are optimal for different epistemic tasks. My model puts a fact into the focus that has been neglected so far in social epistemology: the technical and its relationship to the social and the epistemic. Since most epistemic practices are nowadays pervaded by technologies, such a consideration of the role of technologies in these practices seems to be indispensable for any social epistemology that aims at being not only normatively appropriate, but also empirically adequate.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":29662492,"asset_id":529661,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33472,"first_name":"Judith","last_name":"Simon","domain_name":"uni-hamburg","page_name":"JudithSimon","display_name":"Judith Simon","profile_url":"https://uni-hamburg.academia.edu/JudithSimon?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33472/10899/5539218/s65_judith.simon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":850,"name":"Testimony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Testimony?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":984,"name":"Web 2.0","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_2.0?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=821"},{"id":3201,"name":"The Social Web","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Social_Web?f_ri=821"},{"id":4005,"name":"Feminist Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Epistemology?f_ri=821"},{"id":13514,"name":"STS (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STS_Anthropology_?f_ri=821"},{"id":13833,"name":"Social Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Epistemology?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41368040" data-work_id="41368040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41368040/Advances_in_Science_Learning_from_the_Past_Looking_to_the_Future">Advances in Science: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41368040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="496e7635006ded2c42c51925ed980ac5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61565464,"asset_id":41368040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61565464/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2862838" href="https://chuo-u.academia.edu/DaveRear">Dave Rear</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2862838" type="text/json">{"id":2862838,"first_name":"Dave","last_name":"Rear","domain_name":"chuo-u","page_name":"DaveRear","display_name":"Dave Rear","profile_url":"https://chuo-u.academia.edu/DaveRear?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2862838/943768/1182097/s65_david.rear.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41368040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41368040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41368040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41368040", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41368040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41368040; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41368040"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41368040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41368040"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41368040; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41368040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41368040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41368040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41368040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1007" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_Second_Language">Teaching English as a Second Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1007" type="text/json">{"id":1007,"name":"Teaching English as a Second Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_English_as_a_Second_Language?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education">Science Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1736" type="text/json">{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41368040]'), work: {"id":41368040,"title":"Advances in Science: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future","created_at":"2019-12-19T21:56:32.853-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41368040/Advances_in_Science_Learning_from_the_Past_Looking_to_the_Future?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_41368040","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61565464,"asset_id":41368040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2862838,"first_name":"Dave","last_name":"Rear","domain_name":"chuo-u","page_name":"DaveRear","display_name":"Dave Rear","profile_url":"https://chuo-u.academia.edu/DaveRear?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2862838/943768/1182097/s65_david.rear.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1007,"name":"Teaching English as a Second 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Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning_In_Adult_and_Higher_Education?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8117366" data-work_id="8117366" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8117366/Depersonalization_Self_and_Sensation">Depersonalization - Self and Sensation.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the history and philosophy of a little-known psychological experience: depersonalization. It explores it as a phenomenal experience and as a disorder. It examines nosological debates over the condition, both past and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8117366" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the history and philosophy of a little-known psychological experience: depersonalization. It explores it as a phenomenal experience and as a disorder. It examines nosological debates over the condition, both past and present. It presents speculative hypotheses about phenomenal consciousness, the self and sensation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8117366" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a1e96f9d9ceca39d45ecd1119a5b739" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34562691,"asset_id":8117366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34562691/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12759944" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/LarsOscar">Lars Oscar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12759944" type="text/json">{"id":12759944,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Oscar","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"LarsOscar","display_name":"Lars Oscar","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/LarsOscar?f_ri=821","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/c450c995bb4e88008632a735ce2c5c91?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8117366 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8117366"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8117366, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8117366", }); 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It explores it as a phenomenal experience and as a disorder. It examines nosological debates over the condition, both past and present. It presents speculative hypotheses about phenomenal consciousness, the self and sensation. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34562691,"asset_id":8117366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12759944,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Oscar","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"LarsOscar","display_name":"Lars Oscar","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/LarsOscar?f_ri=821","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/c450c995bb4e88008632a735ce2c5c91?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":807,"name":"Philosophy Of Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Language?f_ri=821"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=821"},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=821"},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=821"},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":3730,"name":"Philosophy of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Psychology?f_ri=821"},{"id":6182,"name":"History of Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Psychiatry?f_ri=821"},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":14989,"name":"Philosophy of Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Time?f_ri=821"},{"id":15677,"name":"History Of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Psychology?f_ri=821"},{"id":40247,"name":"Sensation and Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensation_and_Perception?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12006078" data-work_id="12006078" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12006078/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions_by_Thomas_Kuhn_Book_Review_">The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn (Book Review)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Fifty years ago, Thomas Kuhn wrote a thin volume entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn challenged the traditional view of science as an accumulation of objective knowledge toward an ever more ‘truthful’ understanding of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12006078" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Fifty years ago, Thomas Kuhn wrote a thin volume entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn challenged the traditional view of science as an accumulation of objective knowledge toward an ever more ‘truthful’ understanding of nature. Instead, he argued, that there is no ‘Truth’, what scientists discover depends to a large extent on the sorts of questions they ask, which in turn depend in part on scientists’ philosophical commitments. Sometimes, the dominant scientific way of looking at the world becomes obviously replete with problems; this can give birth to radical and irreversible scientific revolutions that Kuhn described as “paradigm shifts”.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12006078" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad643fc81f590a45c2d52d2a2c3c6463" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37346402,"asset_id":12006078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37346402/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3383109" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/OsamaMahmood">Osama Mahmood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3383109" type="text/json">{"id":3383109,"first_name":"Osama","last_name":"Mahmood","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"OsamaMahmood","display_name":"Osama Mahmood","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/OsamaMahmood?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3383109/1140892/19837339/s65_osama.mahmood.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12006078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12006078"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12006078, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12006078", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12006078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12006078").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12006078").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12006078"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography">Historiography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3524" type="text/json">{"id":3524,"name":"Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12006078]'), work: {"id":12006078,"title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn (Book Review)","created_at":"2015-04-18T21:09:18.742-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12006078/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions_by_Thomas_Kuhn_Book_Review_?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_12006078","summary":"Fifty years ago, Thomas Kuhn wrote a thin volume entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="855" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology">Philosophy of Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="855" type="text/json">{"id":855,"name":"Philosophy of Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Technology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9200" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology_and_Society">Science, Technology and Society</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9200" type="text/json">{"id":9200,"name":"Science, Technology and Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology_and_Society?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=677126]'), 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Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Technology_and_Society?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5738255" data-work_id="5738255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5738255/Rudolf_Steiner_Cosmic_Memory">Rudolf Steiner - Cosmic Memory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5738255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25444" href="https://ciis.academia.edu/SeanKelly">Sean Kelly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25444" type="text/json">{"id":25444,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Kelly","domain_name":"ciis","page_name":"SeanKelly","display_name":"Sean Kelly","profile_url":"https://ciis.academia.edu/SeanKelly?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25444/8250/15900559/s65_sean.kelly.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19808545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19808545"><i class="u-m1x fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="902" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion">Philosophy Of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="902" type="text/json">{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3383" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Theory">Integral Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3383" type="text/json">{"id":3383,"name":"Integral Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19808545]'), work: {"id":19808545,"title":"Integral Time","created_at":"2015-12-23T16:01:38.795-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19808545/Integral_Time?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_19808545","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40857057,"asset_id":19808545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25444,"first_name":"Sean","last_name":"Kelly","domain_name":"ciis","page_name":"SeanKelly","display_name":"Sean 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integral_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":40953,"name":"Sri Aurobindo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Aurobindo?f_ri=821"},{"id":118668,"name":"Ken Wilber, Integral Theory, Humanistic Psychology, Transpersonal Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ken_Wilber_Integral_Theory_Humanistic_Psychology_Transpersonal_Psychology?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35714842" data-work_id="35714842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35714842/REN%C3%89_DESCARTES_LE_MONDE_LHOMME">RENÉ DESCARTES: LE MONDE, L'HOMME</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Depuis 1633, date à laquelle Descartes range son Monde dans un tiroir pour éviter d’avoir les mêmes ennuis que Galilée, aucun éditeur n’a jamais publié ce livre comme tel, et dans l’ordre où le souhaitait Descartes. Cependant, pour... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35714842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Depuis 1633, date à laquelle Descartes range son Monde dans un tiroir pour éviter d’avoir les mêmes ennuis que Galilée, aucun éditeur n’a jamais publié ce livre comme tel, et dans l’ordre où le souhaitait Descartes.<br />Cependant, pour Descartes lui-même, c’est un traité à part, même s’il est resté inachevé. L’homme est en effet le chapitre XVIII du Monde. Leur dissociation est dommageable car elle masque le projet même de Descartes, qui est d’articuler la révolution de Copernic à celle de Vésale, et de proposer ainsi une relation nouvelle de l’homme et  du monde, où la médecine joue un rôle éminent. <br />Cette édition intégrale du Monde est donc un événement - en ce qu’elle procure un  texte complet, scrupuleusement établi (modernisé dans son orthographe et sa ponctuation), introduit par Annie Bitbol-Hespériès et annoté par Annie Bitbol-Hespériès et Jean-Pierre Verdet.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35714842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5105167c8d423e331dc6b99d6e83e5c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55587997,"asset_id":35714842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55587997/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74890913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieBitbolHesperies">Annie Bitbol-Hespériès</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74890913" type="text/json">{"id":74890913,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Bitbol-Hespériès","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnieBitbolHesperies","display_name":"Annie Bitbol-Hespériès","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieBitbolHesperies?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74890913/18848873/18806947/s65_annie.bitbol-hesperies.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35714842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35714842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35714842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35714842", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35714842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35714842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35714842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35714842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="911" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_and_Early_Modern_Philosophy">17th Century & Early Modern Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="911" type="text/json">{"id":911,"name":"17th Century \u0026 Early Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_and_Early_Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35714842]'), work: {"id":35714842,"title":"RENÉ DESCARTES: LE MONDE, L'HOMME","created_at":"2018-01-20T02:46:07.091-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35714842/REN%C3%89_DESCARTES_LE_MONDE_LHOMME?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_35714842","summary":"Depuis 1633, date à laquelle Descartes range son Monde dans un tiroir pour éviter d’avoir les mêmes ennuis que Galilée, aucun éditeur n’a jamais publié ce livre comme tel, et dans l’ordre où le souhaitait Descartes.\nCependant, pour Descartes lui-même, c’est un traité à part, même s’il est resté inachevé. L’homme est en effet le chapitre XVIII du Monde. Leur dissociation est dommageable car elle masque le projet même de Descartes, qui est d’articuler la révolution de Copernic à celle de Vésale, et de proposer ainsi une relation nouvelle de l’homme et du monde, où la médecine joue un rôle éminent. \nCette édition intégrale du Monde est donc un événement - en ce qu’elle procure un texte complet, scrupuleusement établi (modernisé dans son orthographe et sa ponctuation), introduit par Annie Bitbol-Hespériès et annoté par Annie Bitbol-Hespériès et Jean-Pierre Verdet.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55587997,"asset_id":35714842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74890913,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Bitbol-Hespériès","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnnieBitbolHesperies","display_name":"Annie Bitbol-Hespériès","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnnieBitbolHesperies?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74890913/18848873/18806947/s65_annie.bitbol-hesperies.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":911,"name":"17th Century \u0026 Early Modern Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/17th_Century_and_Early_Modern_Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":31353,"name":"Descartes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Descartes?f_ri=821"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3643592" data-work_id="3643592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3643592/Metaf%C3%ADsica_e_racionalidade_cient%C3%ADfica_um_ensaio_sobre_os_fundamentos_da_matem%C3%A1tica">Metafísica e racionalidade científica: um ensaio sobre os fundamentos da matemática</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3643592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cd40ea86002a893162f13a75e3c46fe1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31337483,"asset_id":3643592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31337483/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4382688" href="https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/JacinthoDelVecchioJunior">Jacintho Del Vecchio Junior</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4382688" type="text/json">{"id":4382688,"first_name":"Jacintho","last_name":"Del Vecchio Junior","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"JacinthoDelVecchioJunior","display_name":"Jacintho Del Vecchio Junior","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/JacinthoDelVecchioJunior?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4382688/1773221/9891385/s65_jacintho.del_vecchio_junior.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3643592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3643592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3643592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3643592", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3643592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3643592").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3643592").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3643592"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2509" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics">Philosophy Of Mathematics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2509" type="text/json">{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3643592]'), work: {"id":3643592,"title":"Metafísica e racionalidade científica: um ensaio sobre os fundamentos da matemática","created_at":"2013-06-02T20:42:27.907-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3643592/Metaf%C3%ADsica_e_racionalidade_cient%C3%ADfica_um_ensaio_sobre_os_fundamentos_da_matem%C3%A1tica?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_3643592","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31337483,"asset_id":3643592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4382688,"first_name":"Jacintho","last_name":"Del Vecchio Junior","domain_name":"univ-lorraine","page_name":"JacinthoDelVecchioJunior","display_name":"Jacintho Del Vecchio Junior","profile_url":"https://univ-lorraine.academia.edu/JacinthoDelVecchioJunior?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4382688/1773221/9891385/s65_jacintho.del_vecchio_junior.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":2509,"name":"Philosophy Of Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Mathematics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5431702" data-work_id="5431702" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5431702/Morphodynamical_Abduction">Morphodynamical Abduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This last chapter is intended to clarify some central methodological aspects of morphodynamical abduction as regards dynamical systems and the catastrophe theory. Some problems arise in the classical computational approach to cognition in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5431702" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This last chapter is intended to clarify some central methodological aspects of morphodynamical abduction as regards dynamical systems and the catastrophe theory. Some problems arise in the classical computational approach to cognition in describing the most interesting abductive issues. A cognitive process (and thus abduction) is described by the manipulation of internal semiotic representations of external world. This view assumes a discrete set of representations fixed in discrete time jumps and, because of its functionalist character, cannot render the embodied dimension of cognition and the issue of anticipation and causation of a new hypothesis adequately. An integration of the traditional computational view with some ideas developed within the so-called dynamical approach and catastrophe theory can lead to important insights. What is the role of abduction in the dynamical system approach?What is the role of the “salient/pregnant” dichotomy with respect to abduction?What is embodied cognition from the point of view of its “physics”?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5431702" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1dee68058e8548b0689d3ac890ff3115" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36212079,"asset_id":5431702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36212079/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1283925" href="https://unipv.academia.edu/LorenzoMagnani">Lorenzo Magnani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1283925" type="text/json">{"id":1283925,"first_name":"Lorenzo","last_name":"Magnani","domain_name":"unipv","page_name":"LorenzoMagnani","display_name":"Lorenzo Magnani","profile_url":"https://unipv.academia.edu/LorenzoMagnani?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1283925/471973/594684/s65_lorenzo.magnani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5431702 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5431702"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5431702, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5431702", }); 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Some problems arise in the classical computational approach to cognition in describing the most interesting abductive issues. A cognitive process (and thus abduction) is described by the manipulation of internal semiotic representations of external world. This view assumes a discrete set of representations fixed in discrete time jumps and, because of its functionalist character, cannot render the embodied dimension of cognition and the issue of anticipation and causation of a new hypothesis adequately. An integration of the traditional computational view with some ideas developed within the so-called dynamical approach and catastrophe theory can lead to important insights. What is the role of abduction in the dynamical system approach?What is the role of the “salient/pregnant” dichotomy with respect to abduction?What is embodied cognition from the point of view of its “physics”?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36212079,"asset_id":5431702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1283925,"first_name":"Lorenzo","last_name":"Magnani","domain_name":"unipv","page_name":"LorenzoMagnani","display_name":"Lorenzo Magnani","profile_url":"https://unipv.academia.edu/LorenzoMagnani?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1283925/471973/594684/s65_lorenzo.magnani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":45825,"name":"Abduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abduction?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":188353,"name":"Cognitive systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_systems?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33636900" data-work_id="33636900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33636900/Schopenhauer_lenracinement_physiologique_de_la_m%C3%A9taphysique">Schopenhauer : l'enracinement physiologique de la métaphysique</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Journées d'étude internationales : La biologie des philosophes allemands</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33636900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53a1b39fe536442c9a438f6ce30fd98e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53649994,"asset_id":33636900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53649994/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13661207" href="https://univ-poitiers.academia.edu/UgoBatini">Ugo Batini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13661207" type="text/json">{"id":13661207,"first_name":"Ugo","last_name":"Batini","domain_name":"univ-poitiers","page_name":"UgoBatini","display_name":"Ugo Batini","profile_url":"https://univ-poitiers.academia.edu/UgoBatini?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13661207/4099662/134345310/s65_ugo.batini.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33636900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33636900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33636900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33636900", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33636900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33636900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33636900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33636900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33636900]'), work: {"id":33636900,"title":"Schopenhauer : l'enracinement physiologique de la métaphysique","created_at":"2017-06-24T12:28:36.104-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33636900/Schopenhauer_lenracinement_physiologique_de_la_m%C3%A9taphysique?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_33636900","summary":"Journées d'étude internationales : La biologie des philosophes allemands","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53649994,"asset_id":33636900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13661207,"first_name":"Ugo","last_name":"Batini","domain_name":"univ-poitiers","page_name":"UgoBatini","display_name":"Ugo Batini","profile_url":"https://univ-poitiers.academia.edu/UgoBatini?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13661207/4099662/134345310/s65_ugo.batini.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36898835" data-work_id="36898835" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36898835/The_Ontology_of_Motion">The Ontology of Motion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We live in an age of movement. More than at any other time in history , people and things move longer distances, more frequently, and faster than ever before. All that was solid melted into air long ago and is now in full circulation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36898835" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We live in an age of movement. More than at any other time in history , people and things move longer distances, more frequently, and faster than ever before. All that was solid melted into air long ago and is now in full circulation around the world like dandelion seeds adrift on turbulent winds. We find ourselves, in the early twenty-first century, in a world where every major domain of human activity has become increasingly defined by motion. 1 We have entered a new historical era defined in large part by movement and mobility and are now in need of a new historical on-tology appropriate to our time. The observation that the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first was marked by an increasingly " liquid " and " mobile modernity " is now something widely recognized in the scholarly literature at the turn of the century. 2 Today, however, our orientation to this event is quite different. Almost twenty years into the twenty-first century we now find ourselves situated on the other side of this heralded transition. The question that confronts us today is thus a new one: how to fold all that has melted back up into new solids. 3</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36898835" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="179d9e658024d1365ee90b40b195493c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56850673,"asset_id":36898835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56850673/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="982124" href="https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail">Thomas Nail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="982124" type="text/json">{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36898835 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36898835"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36898835, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36898835", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36898835]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36898835").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36898835").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36898835"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">87</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36898835]'), work: {"id":36898835,"title":"The Ontology of Motion","created_at":"2018-06-22T20:19:45.438-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36898835/The_Ontology_of_Motion?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_36898835","summary":"We live in an age of movement. More than at any other time in history , people and things move longer distances, more frequently, and faster than ever before. All that was solid melted into air long ago and is now in full circulation around the world like dandelion seeds adrift on turbulent winds. We find ourselves, in the early twenty-first century, in a world where every major domain of human activity has become increasingly defined by motion. 1 We have entered a new historical era defined in large part by movement and mobility and are now in need of a new historical on-tology appropriate to our time. The observation that the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first was marked by an increasingly \" liquid \" and \" mobile modernity \" is now something widely recognized in the scholarly literature at the turn of the century. 2 Today, however, our orientation to this event is quite different. Almost twenty years into the twenty-first century we now find ourselves situated on the other side of this heralded transition. The question that confronts us today is thus a new one: how to fold all that has melted back up into new solids. 3","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56850673,"asset_id":36898835,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":982124,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Nail","domain_name":"udenver","page_name":"ThomasNail","display_name":"Thomas Nail","profile_url":"https://udenver.academia.edu/ThomasNail?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/982124/1055609/37232722/s65_thomas.nail.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":208,"name":"Social 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War Z" is only fiction or basing on facts. This research answers it. The 2023 update is presumably the last one. It has an enhanced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31660435" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many people worldwide ask if "The Tenth Man Rule" introduced in the Hollywood Blockbuster "World War Z" is only fiction or basing on facts. <br /> <br />This research answers it. <br /> <br />The 2023 update is presumably the last one. It has an enhanced structure and better visability regarding the primary language - in this case English. <br /> <br />From its content, there was only a slightly upgrade: we included an "about us" section and brought some reference to the RAND Corporation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31660435" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73367fd52688ded37960b1d3af52969d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99599016,"asset_id":31660435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99599016/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22471126" href="https://greifswald.academia.edu/WalterLeonhardt">Walter Leonhardt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22471126" type="text/json">{"id":22471126,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Leonhardt","domain_name":"greifswald","page_name":"WalterLeonhardt","display_name":"Walter Leonhardt","profile_url":"https://greifswald.academia.edu/WalterLeonhardt?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22471126/9987481/41718422/s65_walter.leonhardt.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-31660435">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-31660435"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://greifswald.academia.edu/BorAnkhbaatar">Bor Ankhbaatar</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-31660435'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-31660435').html(); 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It has an enhanced structure and better visability regarding the primary language - in this case English.\r\n\r\nFrom its content, there was only a slightly upgrade: we included an \"about us\" section and brought some reference to the RAND Corporation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99599016,"asset_id":31660435,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22471126,"first_name":"Walter","last_name":"Leonhardt","domain_name":"greifswald","page_name":"WalterLeonhardt","display_name":"Walter Leonhardt","profile_url":"https://greifswald.academia.edu/WalterLeonhardt?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22471126/9987481/41718422/s65_walter.leonhardt.jpeg"},{"id":44671116,"first_name":"Bor","last_name":"Ankhbaatar","domain_name":"greifswald","page_name":"BorAnkhbaatar","display_name":"Bor Ankhbaatar","profile_url":"https://greifswald.academia.edu/BorAnkhbaatar?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44671116/15529602/20364436/s65_bor.ankhbaatar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=821"},{"id":5815,"name":"Identity politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_politics?f_ri=821"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=821"},{"id":16097,"name":"Decision Making Under Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making_Under_Uncertainty?f_ri=821"},{"id":46989,"name":"Ukraine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ukraine?f_ri=821"},{"id":47990,"name":"Communication sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_sciences?f_ri=821"},{"id":78651,"name":"Communication Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Science?f_ri=821"},{"id":316988,"name":"Economic Sanctions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Sanctions?f_ri=821"},{"id":2060243,"name":"Dien Bien Phu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dien_Bien_Phu?f_ri=821"},{"id":3983442,"name":"fr4978","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/fr4978?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38245741" data-work_id="38245741" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38245741/What_does_physical_mean_A_prolegomenon_to_panpsychism_revised_">What does “physical” mean? A prolegomenon to panpsychism [revised]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[1] What does the word ‘physical’ mean in its most general theoretical philosophical use? It’s used in many different ways, and it’s hard to imagine that philosophers could reach agreement on a best use. [2] Should we tie the meaning of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38245741" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[1] What does the word ‘physical’ mean in its most general theoretical philosophical use? It’s used in many different ways, and it’s hard to imagine that philosophers could reach agreement on a best use. [2] Should we tie the meaning of ‘physical’ closely to physics? To do so (in a non-circular way) is to run the risk of ruling out the possibility that there might be two different universes that were ‘formally’ or structurally identical or homomorphic although substantially different—made of different stuff. [3] Perhaps that is not in the end a real possibility. Even so, it seems that we shouldn’t define ‘physical’ in a way that rules it out a priori. [4] If so, it may be that the word ‘physical’ is best used to denote a certain fundamental structure-transcendent stuff-nature—call it P—that allows the possibility that a universe with stuff nature Q structurally identical to a physical universe isn’t physical. [5] Can we suppose ourselves to know something about the ultimate intrinsic nature of P, if physicalism is true? I argue that we can. [6] Can we draw any further metaphysical conclusions from this knowledge? I argue that we can. We can show that panpsychism in some form constitutes the most plausible theory of the ultimate nature of P.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38245741" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dfb5a755f730e5c1dc4eb45771578853" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62864084,"asset_id":38245741,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62864084/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5684" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/GalenStrawson">Galen Strawson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5684" type="text/json">{"id":5684,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Strawson","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"GalenStrawson","display_name":"Galen Strawson","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/GalenStrawson?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5684/2195/760075/s65_galen.strawson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38245741 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38245741"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38245741, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38245741", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38245741]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38245741").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38245741").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38245741"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="804" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="804" type="text/json">{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind">Philosophy of Mind</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="806" type="text/json">{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="822" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics">Philosophy of Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="822" type="text/json">{"id":822,"name":"Philosophy of Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38245741]'), work: {"id":38245741,"title":"What does “physical” mean? A prolegomenon to panpsychism [revised]","created_at":"2019-01-29T11:39:12.121-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38245741/What_does_physical_mean_A_prolegomenon_to_panpsychism_revised_?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_38245741","summary":"[1] What does the word ‘physical’ mean in its most general theoretical philosophical use? It’s used in many different ways, and it’s hard to imagine that philosophers could reach agreement on a best use. [2] Should we tie the meaning of ‘physical’ closely to physics? To do so (in a non-circular way) is to run the risk of ruling out the possibility that there might be two different universes that were ‘formally’ or structurally identical or homomorphic although substantially different—made of different stuff. [3] Perhaps that is not in the end a real possibility. Even so, it seems that we shouldn’t define ‘physical’ in a way that rules it out a priori. [4] If so, it may be that the word ‘physical’ is best used to denote a certain fundamental structure-transcendent stuff-nature—call it P—that allows the possibility that a universe with stuff nature Q structurally identical to a physical universe isn’t physical. [5] Can we suppose ourselves to know something about the ultimate intrinsic nature of P, if physicalism is true? I argue that we can. [6] Can we draw any further metaphysical conclusions from this knowledge? I argue that we can. We can show that panpsychism in some form constitutes the most plausible theory of the ultimate nature of P. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62864084,"asset_id":38245741,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5684,"first_name":"Galen","last_name":"Strawson","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"GalenStrawson","display_name":"Galen Strawson","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/GalenStrawson?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5684/2195/760075/s65_galen.strawson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":804,"name":"Metaphysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metaphysics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":822,"name":"Philosophy of Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Physics?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":9040,"name":"Consciousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consciousness?f_ri=821"},{"id":17441,"name":"Bertrand Russell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bertrand_Russell?f_ri=821"},{"id":111330,"name":"Philosophy of Mind (the hard problem of consciousness)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind_the_hard_problem_of_consciousness_?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25045808" data-work_id="25045808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25045808/The_Ten_Essentials_of_Knowledge_Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al_Sabbans_d_1791_didactic_poem_Al_Mabadi_Al_Ashara_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9_">The Ten Essentials of Knowledge: Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sabban's (d. 1791) didactic poem Al-Mabadi Al-Ashara (المبادئ العشرة)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is a short poem by Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣabbān (d. 1206/1791) translated from the original Arabic into English verse. The poem is a concise, technical list of the ten essentials aspects of any science. It is intended to help students... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25045808" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is a short poem by Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣabbān (d. 1206/1791) translated from the original Arabic into English verse. The poem is a concise, technical list of the ten essentials aspects of any science. It is intended to help students memorize the outline of the topic, while a teacher's additional commentary would be needed to really understand the content and meaning of the ten essentials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25045808" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54082c4c52290882273a3300ff7c5afb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54236128,"asset_id":25045808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54236128/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7140248" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/BrendanNewlon">Brendan Newlon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7140248" type="text/json">{"id":7140248,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Newlon","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"BrendanNewlon","display_name":"Brendan Newlon","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/BrendanNewlon?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7140248/6862267/7744077/s65_brendan.newlon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25045808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25045808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25045808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25045808", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25045808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25045808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25045808"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25045808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25045808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25045808; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25045808]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25045808").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25045808").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25045808"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">32</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science">Philosophy of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="821" type="text/json">{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning">Teaching and Learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="887" type="text/json">{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=821","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25045808]'), work: {"id":25045808,"title":"The Ten Essentials of Knowledge: Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sabban's (d. 1791) didactic poem Al-Mabadi Al-Ashara (المبادئ العشرة)","created_at":"2016-05-05T01:21:22.347-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25045808/The_Ten_Essentials_of_Knowledge_Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al_Sabbans_d_1791_didactic_poem_Al_Mabadi_Al_Ashara_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9_?f_ri=821","dom_id":"work_25045808","summary":"This is a short poem by Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣabbān (d. 1206/1791) translated from the original Arabic into English verse. The poem is a concise, technical list of the ten essentials aspects of any science. It is intended to help students memorize the outline of the topic, while a teacher's additional commentary would be needed to really understand the content and meaning of the ten essentials. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54236128,"asset_id":25045808,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7140248,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Newlon","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"BrendanNewlon","display_name":"Brendan Newlon","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/BrendanNewlon?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7140248/6862267/7744077/s65_brendan.newlon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":887,"name":"Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Learning?f_ri=821","nofollow":false},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=821"},{"id":1186,"name":"Translation Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":1270,"name":"Arabic Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Literature?f_ri=821"},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory?f_ri=821"},{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=821"},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=821"},{"id":2722,"name":"Arabic Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=821"},{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic?f_ri=821"},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=821"},{"id":3457,"name":"Learning and Teaching","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Teaching?f_ri=821"},{"id":3581,"name":"Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetry?f_ri=821"},{"id":4954,"name":"Translation theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_theory?f_ri=821"},{"id":5674,"name":"Islamic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Philosophy?f_ri=821"},{"id":6544,"name":"Islamic Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Education?f_ri=821"},{"id":9792,"name":"Translation of Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_of_Poetry?f_ri=821"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=821"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=821"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=821"},{"id":22760,"name":"Lesson Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lesson_Study?f_ri=821"},{"id":24344,"name":"Translation and Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation_and_Interpretation?f_ri=821"},{"id":30347,"name":"Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation?f_ri=821"},{"id":45018,"name":"Islamic History and Muslim Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History_and_Muslim_Civilization?f_ri=821"},{"id":50804,"name":"Literary translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_translation?f_ri=821"},{"id":51625,"name":"Educación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=821"},{"id":73367,"name":"Poems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poems?f_ri=821"},{"id":330018,"name":"Arabic-English translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic-English_translation?f_ri=821"},{"id":735672,"name":"Arabic Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=821"},{"id":1223710,"name":"Muslim philosophy and thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muslim_philosophy_and_thought?f_ri=821"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2351003" data-work_id="2351003" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2351003/Ontology_and_Epistemology_of_Peace_and_Conflict_Studies">Ontology and Epistemology of Peace and Conflict Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper examines ontological presuppositions and epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies. It describes the narrower use of the concepts ‗ontology‘ and ‗epistemology‘ as sub-branch and branch of philosophy respectively and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2351003" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper examines ontological presuppositions and epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies. It describes the narrower use of the concepts ‗ontology‘ and ‗epistemology‘ as sub-branch and branch of philosophy respectively and later focus on their meanings in the context of particular areas of inquiry. It highlights the most basic of the core field definition and distinction issues in Peace and Conflict Studies—what peace is; the nature, causes, outbreak, and dynamics of conflict; and the means for resolving conflict and building sustainable peace. It presents and offers answers to key ontological questions: what exist, in what form do they exist, what are the conditions under which they exist, what is their relationships with other things that are said to exist regarding the field of Peace and Conflict Studies. Furthermore, the paper reviews ways of knowing, understanding, explaining and justifying the ontological presuppositions. Thus it discusses the three epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies proposed by Johan Galtung—empirical peace studies, critical peace studies, and constructive peace studies—and their implications for values, empirical data and theory. In light of this epistemology, the author posits that values, followed by data, take preeminence in the applied Social Sciences field of Peace and Conflict Studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2351003" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76c3ee778a5b59c1c6c8e6adcf59d013" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30392087,"asset_id":2351003,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30392087/download_file?st=MTczMjQxNjI3Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1084773" href="https://abuad.academia.edu/DemolaAkinyoade">Demola V Akinyoade</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1084773" type="text/json">{"id":1084773,"first_name":"Demola","last_name":"Akinyoade","domain_name":"abuad","page_name":"DemolaAkinyoade","display_name":"Demola V Akinyoade","profile_url":"https://abuad.academia.edu/DemolaAkinyoade?f_ri=821","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1084773/991440/1240339/s65_demola.akinyoade.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2351003 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2351003"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2351003, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2351003", }); 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Thus it discusses the three epistemological branches of Peace and Conflict Studies proposed by Johan Galtung—empirical peace studies, critical peace studies, and constructive peace studies—and their implications for values, empirical data and theory. 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