Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO) - CityU Scholars

<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO) - CityU Scholars | A Research Hub of Excellence</title> <meta property="og:image" content="/resources/style/gfx/logo_top.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" /> <link rel="image_src" type="image/png" href="/resources/style/gfx/logo_top.png" /> <link rel="icon" href="/resources/style/gfx/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,300,700,600" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/fonts/icons/css/fontello.css?stamp=1731905518316" /><link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/resources/style/js/slick/slick.css?stamp=1731905518316" /><link 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MSU-BIT University" /><meta name="citation_author_email" content="jycheng4-c@my.cityu.edu.hk" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Jingwei Wang" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Shenzhen MSU-BIT University" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Subash Kandasamy" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Energy and Environment" /><meta name="citation_author_email" content="skandasam2-c@my.cityu.edu.hk" /><meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="0009-0002-5672-8941" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Guangping Zheng" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Hong Kong Polytechnic University" /><meta name="citation_author" content="Guohua Chen" /><meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Energy and Environment" /><meta name="citation_author_email" content="guohchen@cityu.edu.hk" /><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/09" /><meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/10/29" /><meta 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<div class="front-seacrh"> </div> <div class="main-content wrapper false "> <div class="col-1-1"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_compact rendering_researchoutput rendering_compact rendering_researchoutput_compact"><h1 class="title">Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO) : A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries</h1></div><p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Journal Publications and Reviews<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div> <div class="tabs-container"> <ul class="clear"> <li class="selected"><a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html"><span>Overview</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pub-full"> <div class="pub-top"> <div class="view-box scopus"> <span class="number">1</span> <span>Scopus Citations</span> </div> <div class="view-box viewall-scopus"> <a target="_blank" class="view_all_scopus_button" href="https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194959582&origin=recordpage"> Scopus Metrics </a> </div> <div class="view-box almetric"> <script type="text/javascript" src="//d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js"></script> <div class="altmetric-embed pure_altmetric_component" data-badge-type="2" data-badge-popover="left" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-link-target="true" data-doi="10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116"></div> </div> <div class="graph_viewer"> <div class="graph"><a class="portal_graphviewer_button" href="javascript:void(0);" id="j_id-222676425_40f6ca2e"><span>View graph of relations</span></a> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <i class="icon-network"></i> </div> </div> <div class="addthis"> <div class="addthis_sharing_toolbox"></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Author(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal rendering_contributiontojournal_associatesauthorsclassifiedsummarizedlistportal"><ul class="relations persons"><li><a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link person"><span>Junye Cheng</span></a></li><li><a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/subash-kandasamy(fc1a8e72-2984-4813-935f-500c12ffe52d).html" class="link person"><span>Subash Kandasamy</span></a></li><li><a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/guohua-chen(4e987cda-3a4a-45d7-990d-26d3dfb839ba).html" class="link person"><span>Guohua Chen</span></a></li><li><a onclick="$(this).up('ul').next('ul').toggleClassName('common_hidden');return false;" href="#" class="all link"><span>And 3 others</span></a></li></ul><ul class="relations persons common_hidden associates_authors_full_list"><li class="external">Hassan Raza</li><li class="external">Jingwei Wang</li><li class="external">Guangping Zheng</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Related Research Unit(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_associatesorganisationsportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_associatesorganisationsportal rendering_contributiontojournal_associatesorganisationsportal"><ul class="relations organisations"><li class="a"><a rel="Organisation" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/organisations/school-of-energy-and-environment(a0af5517-a6b7-4a17-a551-ca42ed6e144a).html" class="link"><span>School of Energy and Environment</span></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Detail(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_detailsportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_detailsportal rendering_contributiontojournal_detailsportal"><div class="article"><table class="properties"><tbody><tr class="language"><th scope="row">Original language</th><td>English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Article number</th><td>e9120116</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Journal / Publication</th><td><a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nano Research Energy</span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Volume</th><td>3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Issue number</th><td>3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Online published</th><td><span class="date">4 Mar 2024</span></td></tr><tr class="status"><th scope="row">Publication status</th><td><span class="prefix">Published - </span><span class="date">Sept 2024</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Link(s)</h2> <table class="properties pub-links"> <tr> <th>DOI</th> <td><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_versioneddoiextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_versioneddoiextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal_versioneddoiextensionportal"><h2 class="subheader">DOI</h3><ul class="relations links digital_object_identifiers"><li class="embargo_date_ended available open "><a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116</span></a> <span class="common_icon_16" style="background-image: url('/resources/style/icons/type/openaccess16.png');"></span><p class="dimmed">Final Published version</p></li></ul></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td> <span class="sfx-button" title="Check@CityULib"> <a href="https://julac.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_tim=2024-11-27T16%3A13%3A23HKT&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2FencUTF-8&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Fkev%3Afmt%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2F%3Apure&rft.atitle=Titanium-containing%20high%20entropy%20oxide%20%28Ti-HEO%29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.26599%2FNRE.2024.9120116&rft.aulast=Raza&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft.auinit=H&rft.date=2024-09&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.issn=2791-0091&rft.jtitle=Nano%20Research%20Energy&institution=CUH_ALMA&vid=CUH" target="_blank"> Check@CityULib </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Attachment(s)</th> <td><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_versioneddocumentextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_versioneddocumentextensionportal rendering_contributiontojournal_versioneddocumentextensionportal"><div class="subheader documents">Documents</div><ul class="relations documents"><li class="available"><a onclick="if (this.href) {window.open(this.href)}; return false;" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/files/251133155/234583637.pdf" class="link title"><span>234583637.pdf</span></a> <span class="common_icon_16" style="background-image: url('/resources/style/icons/type/openaccess16.png');"></span><p class="dimmed">Final Published version, 4.79 MB<span class="mimetype">, PDF</span></p></li></ul></div><div class="rendering rendering_keywordable rendering_keywordgroupcopyright rendering_keywordable_keywordgroupcopyright"><div class="publishercopyright"><span class="copy-header">Publisher's Copyright Statement</span><ul class="relations keywords"><li>This full text is made available under CC-BY 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</li></ul></div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Link to Scopus</th> <td><a target="_blank" class="scopus-link-pub" href="https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194959582&origin=recordpage"> https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194959582&origin=recordpage </a></td> </tr> <tr class="permanent_link"> <th>Permanent Link</th> <td> <a href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/publication(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html">https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/publication(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Abstract</h2><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_customabstractportal rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_customabstractportal rendering_contributiontojournal_customabstractportal"><div class="textblock">Since lithium sulfur (Li-S) energy storage devices are anticipated to power portable gadgets and electric vehicles owing to their high energy density (2600 Wh·kg<sup>–1</sup>); nevertheless, their usefulness is constrained by sluggish sulfur reaction kinetics and soluble lithium polysulfide (LPS) shuttling effects. High electrically conductive bifunctional electrocatalysts are urgently needed for Li-S batteries, and high-entropy oxide (HEO) is one of the most promising electrocatalysts. In this work, we synthesize titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO) (TiFeNiCoMg)O with enhanced electrical conductivity through calcining metal-organic frameworks (MOF) templates at modest temperatures. The resulting single-phase Ti-HEO with high conductivity could facilitate chemical immobilization and rapid bidirectional conversion of LPS. As a result, the Ti-HEO/S/KB cathode (with 70 wt.% of sulfur) achieves an initial discharge capacity as high as ~1375 mAh·g<sup>–1</sup> at 0.1 C, and a low-capacity fade rate of 0.056% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C. With increased sulfur loading (~5.0 mg·cm<sup>–2</sup>), the typical Li-S cell delivered a high initial discharge capacity of ~607 mAh·g<sup>–1</sup> at 0.2 C and showcased good cycling stability. This work provides better insight into the synthesis of catalytic Ti-containing HEOs with enhanced electrical conductivity, which are effective in simultaneously enhancing the LPS-conversion kinetics and reducing the LPS shuttling effect. © The Author(s) 2024.</div></div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Research Area(s)</h2><div class="rendering rendering_keywordable rendering_keywordgroupsexcludecopyright rendering_keywordable_keywordgroupsexcludecopyright"><div class="keywordcontainers"><ul class="relations keywords"><li>catalytic conversion, electrical conductivity, lithium-sulfur batteries, multi-metal-MOFs template method, titanium containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEOs)</li></ul></div><div class="sustainabledevelopmentgoals"><ul class="relations keywords"><li><strong><a href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/browse.html?uri=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fsustainabledevelopmentgoals%2Faffordable_and_clean_energy&logicalname=sustainabledevelopmentgoals" class="link"><span>SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy</span></a></strong></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="publication_related_concepts"> <div class="view_preview_panel"><script type="text/javascript" src="/resources/style/js/concept_tooltip.js?stamp=1731905518316"></script> <div class="relationlist for_publication_fingerprints"> <h2 class="section for_publication_fingerprints subheader"> Fingerprint </h2> <p class="portal_inline_help">Publication fingerprints text</p> <div class="concept_listing" data-content-id="234583637" data-locale="en_GB"> <div class="concept-badge-wrapper"><a class="portal_link concept" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/concepts/refinement.html?conceptIds=195895467" title="Titanium in Material Science has a weight of 100%"><span> <div class="canvas-wrap"> <canvas class="canvas" width="50" height="50" data-procent="100"></canvas> <span class="procent">100</span> </div> <div class="finger-info"> <span class="title"> <span class="text">Titanium</span> 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class="tabs-container citations clear"> <ul class="citations"> <li class="selected"><a href="#">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="#">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="#">APA</a></li> <li><a href="#">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="#">Author</a></li> </ul> <div class="cite-export"> <span class="publication_export">[ <a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).ris?download=true"><span>RIS</span></a> ]</span> <span class="publication_export">[ <a class="portal_link" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).bibtex?download=true"><span>BibTeX</span></a> ]</span> </div> </div> <div class="citation-container"> <div class="view-box cite"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_standard rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_standard rendering_contributiontojournal_standard"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" class="link"><span><strong>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO): A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries.</strong></span></a> / Raza, Hassan<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link"><span>; Cheng, Junye</span></a>; Wang, Jingwei et al. <br />In: <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nano Research Energy</span></a>, Vol. 3, No. 3, e9120116, 09.2024.<p class="type"><span class="type_family">Research output<span class="type_family_sep">: </span></span><span class="type_classification_parent">Journal Publications and Reviews<span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span></span><span class="type_classification">RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal</span><span class="type_classification"><span class="type_parent_sep"> › </span>peer-review</span></p></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_harvard rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_harvard rendering_contributiontojournal_harvard">Raza, H<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link"><span>, Cheng, J</span></a>, Wang, J<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/subash-kandasamy(fc1a8e72-2984-4813-935f-500c12ffe52d).html" class="link"><span>, Kandasamy, S</span></a>, Zheng, G<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/guohua-chen(4e987cda-3a4a-45d7-990d-26d3dfb839ba).html" class="link"><span> & Chen, G</span></a> 2024, '<a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" class="link harvard_title"><span>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO): A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries</span></a>', <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span><em>Nano Research Energy</em></span></a>, vol. 3, no. 3, e9120116. <a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116</span></a></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_apa rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_apa rendering_contributiontojournal_apa">Raza, H.<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link"><span>, Cheng, J.</span></a>, Wang, J.<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/subash-kandasamy(fc1a8e72-2984-4813-935f-500c12ffe52d).html" class="link"><span>, Kandasamy, S.</span></a>, Zheng, G.<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/guohua-chen(4e987cda-3a4a-45d7-990d-26d3dfb839ba).html" class="link"><span>, & Chen, G.</span></a> (2024). <a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" class="link"><span>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO): A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries</span></a>. <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span><em>Nano Research Energy</em></span></a>, <em>3</em>(3), Article e9120116. <a onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank','noopener,noreferrer'); return false;" href="https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116" class="link"><span>https://doi.org/10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116</span></a></div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_vancouver rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_vancouver rendering_contributiontojournal_vancouver">Raza H<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link"><span>, Cheng J</span></a>, Wang J<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/subash-kandasamy(fc1a8e72-2984-4813-935f-500c12ffe52d).html" class="link"><span>, Kandasamy S</span></a>, Zheng G<a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/guohua-chen(4e987cda-3a4a-45d7-990d-26d3dfb839ba).html" class="link"><span>, Chen G</span></a>. <span class="title"><a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" class="link"><span>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO): <span class="subtitle">A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries</span></span></a></span>. <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nano Research Energy</span></a>. 2024 Sept;3(3):e9120116. Epub 2024 Mar 4. doi: 10.26599/NRE.2024.9120116</div> </div> <div class="view-box cite" style="display: none;"><div class="rendering rendering_researchoutput rendering_researchoutput_author rendering_contributiontojournal rendering_author rendering_contributiontojournal_author">Raza, Hassan <a rel="Person" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/persons/junye-cheng(c6ce3981-0073-483b-b45f-548f83a90e2f).html" class="link"><span> ; Cheng, Junye</span></a> ; Wang, Jingwei et al. / <a rel="ContributionToJournal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/titaniumcontaining-high-entropy-oxide-tiheo(2d4ee46b-7d89-4486-a6dc-93f56a11953a).html" class="link"><span><strong>Titanium-containing high entropy oxide (Ti-HEO) : A redox expediting electrocatalyst towards lithium polysulfides for high performance Li-S batteries</strong></span></a>. In: <a rel="Journal" href="https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/journals/nano-research-energy(2ff5c26b-0871-4d7a-ad8d-a02231d70203)/publications.html" class="link"><span>Nano Research Energy</span></a>. 2024 ; Vol. 3, No. 3.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-box"> <h2 class="subheader">Download Statistics</h2> <div class="chart-wrapper"><div class="portal_chart" id="j_id55192815_58308cc5" style="height: 300px;"><div class="portal_chart_empty"><span>No data available</span></div><div class="portal_chart_loading"></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> try {(function() { new portal.ChartUtil.renderChart({'element':'j_id55192815_58308cc5','dataSource':'',contentId:null,'chart':{title:{text:''},description:{text:''},categoryLabels:[{identity:'10\/2024',label:'Oct \'24'},{identity:'11\/2024',label:'Nov \'24'}],dataSets:[{type:'column',legend:'234583637.pdf (32)',entries:[{identity:'10\/2024',value:1},{identity:'11\/2024',value:31}]}]},years:5,'includeCurrentYear':false,'categoryLabels':'years','chartDataSetType':'column','expandLegends':true,locales:['en_GB']}); })();} catch (e) {if (window['atira']) {atira.handleException(e);}} </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="cityu-scholar-footer-outbox"> <div class="cityu-scholar-footer-inbox"> <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/privacy/index.htm" title="Footer Privacy Policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/copyright/index.htm#copyright" title="Footer Copyright" target="_blank">Copyright</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/disclaimer/index.htm#disclaimer" title="Footer Disclaimer" target="_blank">Disclaimer</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/accessibility/" title="Footer Accessibility" target="_blank">Accessibility</a> | <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/cityu/contactus/index.htm" title="Footer Contact Us" target="_blank">Contact Us</a><br /> © City University of Hong Kong. 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