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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3_(942)" title="الغارة المجرية على الأندلس (942) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الغارة المجرية على الأندلس (942)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_(942)" title="Мадьярҙарҙың Испанияға походы (942) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мадьярҙарҙың Испанияға походы (942)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0tzia_hongaresa_a_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A8rica_(942)" title="Ràtzia hongaresa a la península Ibèrica (942) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ràtzia hongaresa a la península Ibèrica (942)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incursi%C3%B3n_h%C3%BAngara_en_la_pen%C3%ADnsula_ib%C3%A9rica_(942)" title="Incursión húngara en la península ibérica (942) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Incursión húngara en la península ibérica (942)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6_%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հունգարացիների արշավանքն Իսպանիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հունգարացիների արշավանքն Իսպանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98_(942)" title="უნგრელების შეჭრა ესპანეთში (942) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უნგრელების შეჭრა ესპანეთში (942)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E_(942)" title="Поход венгров в Испанию (942) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поход венгров в Испанию (942)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vp%C3%A1d_star%C3%BDch_Ma%C4%8Farov_do_C%C3%B3rdobsk%C3%A9ho_kalif%C3%A1tu" title="Vpád starých Maďarov do Córdobského kalifátu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vpád starých Maďarov do Córdobského kalifátu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83" title="Угорський похід проти Кордовського халіфату – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Hungarian invasions of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Hungarian invasions of Europe"><span class="wrap">Hungarian invasions of Europe</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pliska" title="Battle of Pliska">Pliska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Bulgarian_war_of_894%E2%80%93896" title="Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896">Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 894–896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin" title="Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin">Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Southern_Buh" title="Battle of Southern Buh">Southern Buh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brenta" title="Battle of Brenta">Brenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pressburg" title="Battle of Pressburg">Pressburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eisenach_(908)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eisenach (908)">Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld_(910)" title="Battle of Lechfeld (910)">Lechfeld (910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rednitz" title="Battle of Rednitz">Rednitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Inn" title="Battle of the Inn">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Achelous_(917)" title="Battle of Achelous (917)">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%BCchen" title="Battle of Püchen">Püchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drava_River" title="Battle of Drava River">Drava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Riade" title="Battle of Riade">Riade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W.l.n.d.r" title="Battle of W.l.n.d.r">W.l.n.d.r</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fraxinet" title="Battle of Fraxinet">Fraxinet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wels" title="Battle of Wels">Wels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld" title="Battle of Lechfeld">Lechfeld (955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar%E2%80%93Serb_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar–Serb conflict">Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar%E2%80%93Serb_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyar–Serb conflict">Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian%E2%80%93Hungarian_wars" title="Bulgarian–Hungarian wars">Bulgarian–Hungarian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcadiopolis_(970)" title="Battle of Arcadiopolis (970)">Arcadiopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>A <b>Hungarian raid in Spain</b> took place in July 942. This was the furthest west the Hungarians raided during the period of <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Hungarian invasions of Europe">their migration into central Europe</a>; although, in a great raid of 924–25, the Hungarians sacked <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> and may have got as far as the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakay2000543–44_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakay2000543–44-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only contemporary reference to the Hungarians crossing the Pyrenees into Spain is in <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%CA%BFs%C5%ABd%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maʿsūdī">al-Maʿsūdī</a>, who wrote that "their raids extend to the lands of Rome and almost as far as Spain".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimonyi201690_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimonyi201690-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only detailed description of the raid of 942 was preserved by <a href="/wiki/Ibn_%E1%B8%A4ayy%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ḥayyān">Ibn Ḥayyān</a> in his <i>Kitāb al-Muqtabis fī tarīkh al-Andalus</i> (He Who Seeks Knowledge About the History of al-Andalus), which was finished shortly before his death in 1076. His account of the Hungarians relies on a lost tenth-century source.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas199973_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas199973-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ibn Ḥayyān, the Hungarian raiding party passed through the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of the Lombards</a> (northern Italy) and then through southern <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">France</a>, skirmishing along the way. They then invaded <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thaghr_al-Aq%E1%B9%A3%C4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thaghr al-Aqṣā (page does not exist)">Thaghr al-Aqṣā</a></i> ("Furthest March"), the northwestern frontier province of the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a>. On 7 July 942, the main army began the siege of <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> (Lérida). The cities of Lleida, <a href="/wiki/Huesca" title="Huesca">Huesca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbastro" title="Barbastro">Barbastro</a> were all ruled by members of the <a href="/wiki/Ban%C5%AB_%E1%B9%ACaw%C4%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Banū Ṭawīl">Banū Ṭawīl</a> family. The first two were ruled by <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C5%ABsa_ibn_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_a%E1%B9%AD-%E1%B9%ACaw%C4%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mūsa ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl (page does not exist)">Mūsa ibn Muḥammad</a>, while Barbastro was under the control of his brother, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%E1%B8%A5y%C4%81_ibn_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_a%E1%B9%AD-%E1%B9%ACaw%C4%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl (page does not exist)">Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad</a>. While besieging Lleida, the Hungarian cavalry raided as far as Huesca and Barbastro, where they captured Yaḥyā in a skirmish on 9 July. </p> <blockquote> <p>The one who reported their matters said that their land is in the far east, and that the Pechenegs neighbour them to the east, that the land of Rome is in the direction of Mecca from them, and that the land of Constantinople is a little bit off to the east from them. To their north is the city of Moravia and the other cities of the Slavs. To the west of them are the Saxons and the Franks. To get to the land of Andalusia they traversed a long distance [a part of which is] desert ... Their way during their march crossed Lombardy, which borders them. There is a distance of eight days between them and Lombardy. Their dwelling places are on the Danube River and they are nomads as the Arabs without towns and houses living in felt tents in scattered halting-places ...<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> proceeding from the Frankish country, after defeating whomever they found during their passage, attaining the height before Lérida, at the extreme end of the March, on Thursday, ten nights remaining in the month of <i><a href="/wiki/Shawwal" title="Shawwal">sawwal</a></i>; the advances of their cavalry put them in the plain of the valley of Ena, Cerratania and the city of Huesca; and on Saturday, the third day of their encampment, they made captive Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl, lord of Barbastro.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Ibn Ḥayyān also names seven Hungarian "leaders"—the word <i><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">amīr</a></i> being a generic term for a ruler or governor: "They possessed seven chieftains. Among these the greatest in dignity was called Djila (<a href="/wiki/Gyula_(title)" title="Gyula (title)">Gyula</a>). Ecser followed him, after him <a href="/wiki/Bulcs%C3%BA_(chieftain)" title="Bulcsú (chieftain)">Bulcsudi</a>, then Bašman, Alpár, <a href="/wiki/Glad_(duke)" title="Glad (duke)">Glad</a> and lastly Harhadi."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been proposed that these were the commanders of the seven contingents that made up the invading army,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECzeglédy1979_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECzeglédy1979-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElter1981_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElter1981-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it is far more likely that Ibn Ḥayyān is merely recording the <a href="/wiki/Seven_chieftains_of_the_Magyars" title="Seven chieftains of the Magyars">seven chieftains of the Hungarian tribes</a>. He is perhaps relying on <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Porphyrogenitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine Porphyrogenitos">a Byzantine source</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas1999340–41,_381_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas1999340–41,_381-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later tradition, Alpár and Glad were remembered as defeated enemies of the Hungarians. <a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Gy%C3%B6rffy" title="György Györffy">György Györffy</a> argues that a "reshuffling of power" after 942 caused them to be remembered this way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy,_Burgundy,_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg/310px-The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg/465px-The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg/620px-The_Hungarian_campaign_in_Italy%2C_Burgundy%2C_Southern_France_and_Spain_in_942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2606" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>The Hungarian campaign in Italy, Burgundy, Southern France and Spain in 942.</figcaption></figure> <p>The information about the location of Hungary, its leaders and the route of the invading army may have come from five captured Hungarians who, according to Ibn Ḥayyān, converted to Islam and were incorporated into the caliphal guard. Yaḥyā paid a large ransom and was released on 27 July. He subsequently went to Córdoba to do homage to Caliph <a href="/wiki/%CA%BFAbd_ar-Rahm%C4%81n_III" class="mw-redirect" title="ʿAbd ar-Rahmān III">ʿAbd ar-Rahmān III <i>an-Nasir</i></a>: </p> <blockquote> <p>Afterwards they [the captives] became Muslims and he included them in his service. From far Tortosa came notice on the first day of the month of <i><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5arram" class="mw-redirect" title="Muḥarram">muḥarram</a></i> the following year 331<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [14 September 942] of the rescue of Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl from the hands of these Turks through a large sum that he paid them, with which God relieved his situation on Wednesday, the tenth of <i><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qi%27dah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhu al-Qi'dah">ḏū l-qaʿdah</a></i> [27 July 942], [after which] he went to the capital to renew his homage to an-Nasir.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Lacking food stores and finding insufficient forage, the Hungarians retired after a few days. According to Ibn Ḥayyān, it was the news of the raids and the fear they spread among Muslims that inspired King <a href="/wiki/Ramiro_II_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="Ramiro II of León">Ramiro II of León</a> to repudiate the treaty he had made with the caliph the year before (941):<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p>When the enemy of God, Ramiro Ordóñez, learned of the appearance of the Turks in the march of Lérida and of the fear of the Muslims of that region, he endeavoured to profit—violating the promises that he had solemnly sworn before the bishops and monks, [thus] limiting the pretexts he could have before the dignitaries of his own religion—by sending the lord of Castile [<i>Qaštlīya</i>], Fernán González [<i>Ibn Gundišalb</i>], with a trained army in support of his son-in-law, García Sánchez, lord of Pamplona, in the war against the Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In fact, Count <a href="/wiki/Fern%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernán González">Fernán González</a>, who commanded the border region of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Castile">Castile</a>, was cooperating with King <a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_I_of_Pamplona" title="García Sánchez I of Pamplona">García Sánchez I of Pamplona</a> in the latter's war with the Caliphate as early as April, months before the Hungarians' arrival. Ramiro's real motivation was probably to prevent a loss of face, since he was married to <a href="/wiki/Urraca_S%C3%A1nchez_of_Pamplona" title="Urraca Sánchez of Pamplona">Urraca</a>, García's sister.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sometime between 939 and 943, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ermengol_of_Ausona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ermengol of Ausona (page does not exist)">Ermengol</a>, the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Sunyer,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Sunyer, Count of Barcelona">Sunyer, Count of Barcelona</a>, "died in battle at <a href="/wiki/Baltarga" title="Baltarga">Baltarga</a> childless" (<i>apud Baltargam bello interfectus sine filio</i>) according to the 12th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Comitum_Barchinonensium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesta Comitum Barchinonensium">Gesta Comitum Barchinonensium</a></i>. The historian Albert Benet i Clará has suggested that this battle, which is otherwise unknown, must have been against the Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenet_i_Clará1982b639–40_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenet_i_Clará1982b639–40-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimonyi2004">Zimonyi 2004</a>, p. 29: "Those who know their affairs mentioned that their country lies in the far East. The Pechenegs live east of them and they are their neighbors. The land of Rome lies south of them. The town of Constantinople lies deviating a little from the direction to the east. The town of <i>Murāwa</i> [Moravia] and the rest of the Slavic countries lie north of them. The Saxons and the Franks are west of them. They covered a long distance to the land of Andalusia ... Their way during their march crossed Lombardia, which borders them. There is a distance of eight days between them and it [Lombardia]. Their dwelling places are on the Danube River and they are nomads as the Arabs without towns and houses living in felt tents in scattered halting-places."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchamiloglu1984">Schamiloglu 1984</a>, p. 216: "The one who reported their matters said that their land is in the far east, and that the Pechenegs [<i>Bacanāk</i>] neighbour them to the east, that the land of <i>Rūma</i> is in the direction of <i>qibla</i> [i.e., Mecca] from them, and that the land of Constantinople is a little bit off to the east from them. To their north is the city of Morava [<i>Marāwa</i>] and the other cities of the Slavs [<i><a href="/wiki/Saqaliba" title="Saqaliba">Ṣaqāliba</a></i>]. To the west of them are the Saxons [<i>ṢXṢNṢ</i>] and the Franks [<i>Ifranca</i>]. To get to the land of Andalusia they traversed a long distance [a part of which is] desert ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>... procedentes del país franco, tras derrotar a quienes hallaron a su paso, haciendo alto frente a Lérida, extremo de la Marca, el jueves, quedando 10 noches de </i>sawwal<i> (7 de julio de 942); las avanzas de su caballería se metieron por el llano hasta Wadina, Cerretanía y la ciudad de Huesca; y el sábado, tercer día de su acampada, hicieron cautivo a Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl, señor de Barbastro.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUbieto_Arteta1989131_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUbieto_Arteta1989131-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderle199245_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderle199245-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pertenecieron a siete jefes [</i>umaraʾ<i>]. Entre éstos el mayor de dignidad se llamaba </i>Dyila<i>. Le seguía </i>Ečer<i>, (después) </i>l·ḥ·w·d·y<i>, (luego) </i>Bosmān<i>, </i>l·x·s<i>, </i>ʿx·w·d<i> y (por fin) </i>ḥ·d·ḥ·d·y<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElter1982–83145_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElter1982–83145-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The year given here is the <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">anno Hegirae</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Posteriormente se hicieron musulmanes y los incluyó en su servidumbre. De la extrema Tortosa llegaron noticias a primeros de </i>muḥarram<i> del siguiente año 331 (14 septiembre 942) del rescate de Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭawīl de manos de estos turcos </i>(at-Turk)<i> mediante una suma que se les pagó, con lo que Dios alivió su situación, el miércoles, 10 de </i>ḏū l-qaʿdah<i> (27 julio 942), dirigiéndose a la capital, a renovar su homenaje an-Nasir.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViguera_MolinsCorriente1981363_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViguera_MolinsCorriente1981363-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cuando el enemigo de Dios, Ramiro hijo de Ordoño, conoció la aparición de los turcos en la marca de Lérida y el pavor de los musulmanes de aquella zona, pretendió aprovecharse, violando las promesas a que se había comprometido solemnemente ante obispos y monjes, limitando los pretextos que podría tener ante los dignatarios de su religión, al enviar al señor de Castilla Fernán González con un nutrido ejército en apoyo de su yerno, García hijo de Sancho, señor de Pamplona en la guerra contra los musulmanes.</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005373_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005373-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakay2000543–44-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBakay2000543–44_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBakay2000">Bakay 2000</a>, pp. 543–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimonyi201690-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimonyi201690_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimonyi2016">Zimonyi 2016</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas199973-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas199973_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRóna-Tas1999">Róna-Tas 1999</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUbieto_Arteta1989131-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUbieto_Arteta1989131_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUbieto_Arteta1989">Ubieto Arteta 1989</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderle199245-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderle199245_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderle1992">Anderle 1992</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGyörffy199495–100_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGyörffy1994">Györffy 1994</a>, pp. 95–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElter1982–83145-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElter1982–83145_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElter1982–83">Elter 1982–83</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECzeglédy1979-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECzeglédy1979_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCzeglédy1979">Czeglédy 1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElter1981-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElter1981_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElter1981">Elter 1981</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas1999340–41,_381-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERóna-Tas1999340–41,_381_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRóna-Tas1999">Róna-Tas 1999</a>, pp. 340–41, 381.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViguera_MolinsCorriente1981363-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViguera_MolinsCorriente1981363_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViguera_MolinsCorriente1981">Viguera Molins & Corriente 1981</a>, p. 363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005372–73_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005">Martínez Díez 2005</a>, pp. 372–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005373-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez_Díez2005373_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartínez_Díez2005">Martínez Díez 2005</a>, p. 373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenet_i_Clará1982b639–40-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenet_i_Clará1982b639–40_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenet_i_Clará1982b">Benet i Clará 1982b</a>, pp. 639–40.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading 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Leiden: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+Sources+on+the+Magyars+in+the+Second+Half+of+the+9th+Century%3A+The+Magyar+Chapter+of+the+Jayh%C4%81n%C4%AB+Tradition&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Zimonyi&rft.aufirst=Istv%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHungarian+raid+in+Spain+%28942%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)&params=41.4019_N_2.1714_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°24′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′17″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.4019°N 2.1714°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.4019; 2.1714</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)&oldid=1146557206">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hungarian_raid_in_Spain_(942)&oldid=1146557206</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:942" title="Category:942">942</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:10th_century_in_al-Andalus" title="Category:10th century in al-Andalus">10th century in al-Andalus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungarian_invasions_of_Europe" title="Category:Hungarian invasions of Europe">Hungarian invasions of Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hungary%E2%80%93Spain_military_relations" title="Category:Hungary–Spain military relations">Hungary–Spain military relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_abbreviated_year_range" title="Category:CS1: abbreviated year range">CS1: abbreviated year range</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">CS1 maint: postscript</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 16:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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