CINXE.COM

Natural Capital - IEEE Transmitter

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menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13609"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/infrastructure/">Infrastructure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13618"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/networked-devices/">Networked Devices</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13611" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13611"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/stem/">STEM</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13619" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13619"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/category/travel-technology/">Travel Technology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13613" class="creators-nav menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13613"><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/impact-creators/">Impact Creators</a></li> </ul> <a href="#" class="src-btn"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="screen-reader-text">Open Search</span></a> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content natural-capital"> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="intro"> <div style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/intro-background0.jpg') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="intro-area wrapper"> <h2>SPACE EXPLORATION, TECHNOLOGY AND OUR LIVES</h2> <p class="subtitle">From Deep Space to the Ocean's Depths</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Now, 50 years after the first lunar landing, we reflect on this incredible endeavor and tell the story of what was achieved and how the moon landing would lay the groundwork for other scientific developments.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Take a journey from聽<strong>deep space, through the near orbit of earth, past the ground we walk upon and down underwater</strong>聽to hear from our IEEE members and Impact Creators as they celebrate all that we鈥檝e accomplished as a scientific community.</span></p> </div> <a href="#" class="go-to-start"><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/themes/wp_IEEE_v2/ieee-natural-capital/images/iconarrow.png">START</a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- start popup --> <div class="popup-more-info" style="background: #000 url('') right top no-repeat; "> <div class="addthis-container"></div> <p class="close"><a href="#"><i class="ion ion-close"></i></a><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Info</span></p> <div class="wrapper"> <h3><span></span></h3> <div class="section-content left" id="section-popup"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header"> <div class="short-descr"> </div> <div class="img show-desktop" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#section-popup .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#section-popup .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#section-popup .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element></div> </div> <div class="info-box-details"> <div class="info-box-details-content"> </div> <p class="close-popup"><a href="#">Close</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end popup --> <div class="main-content"> <div class="main-content-left"> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-1" data-section-id="section-1" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-1 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-deepSpace-fade0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=1&ssid=1#section11"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>The Future of Living Beyond Earth</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section11"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>If commercial space travel and inhabiting extraterrestrial environments are in our future, AI will be a critical component to ensure our success, says IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss the future of living beyond earth</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section11 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section11 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section11 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Wl1q5tCNJrY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-habitat1-400x400.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 2 --> <div class="page-section section-1 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-deepSpace-fade0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 2"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=1&ssid=2#section12"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Nanosatellite Systems, Connectivity and Communications </span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section12"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/">Renato Borges</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Member,聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>Watch IEEE Member Renato Borges describe the importance of device-to-device communication and its impact on traveling to space in a whole new way.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Renato discuss nanosatellite systems</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Renato-Alves-Borges-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section12 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section12 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section12 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Renato Borges</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rWMxN9V6W3Q" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-satellite100.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 3 --> <div class="page-section section-1 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-deepSpace-fade0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 3"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=1&ssid=3#section13"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Deep Learning on Earth and Its Usefulness on Mars</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section13"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>We鈥檙e using deep learning here on earth, but what if we could use it to understand the surface of Mars or any extraterrestrial environment? Hear IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins discuss the future of space exploration and data collection.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss space travel</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section13 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section13 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section13 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zd4qkDu9Yaw" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-mars0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 4 --> <div class="page-section section-1 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-deepSpace-fade0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 4"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=1&ssid=4#section14"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Apollo Simulations and Innovation: Pencil and Paper, Building Hardware</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section14"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/">George Schmidt</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Life Fellow and聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>What was it like to send humans to the moon before the proliferation of computers? IEEE Life Fellow and Apollo engineer George Schmidt describes innovation with just a pencil, slide rule and graph paper.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to George discuss Apollo simulations and innovation</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/george-schmidt-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section14 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section14 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section14 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About George Schmidt</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7ZnHSGPBBfY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-compass0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-2" data-section-id="section-2" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-2 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-spaceship0.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=2&ssid=1#section21"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>The Space Station: Human Astronauts Supported by Their Robot Companions</span></h3> <div class="section-content left fade" id="content-section21"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins describes what it would be like to pair humans and robots on the International Space Station to improve efficiency, safety and data collection.</span></p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss astronauts supported by their robot companions</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section21 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section21 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section21 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KRHGQCtZ9uI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-dogrobot.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 2 --> <div class="page-section section-2 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-spaceship0.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 2"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=2&ssid=2#section22"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Historical Computing and Improving Space Travel</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section22"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins shares the evolution of computers and their processing capabilities over the last 50 years. Hear her discuss radiation-hardened processing and the future of edge computing.</span></p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss computing and space travel</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section22 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section22 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section22 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mEZiKoN3Y2E" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-HistoricalComputing0-1.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-3" data-section-id="section-3" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-moonFar0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=1#section31"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Getting Humans to Space Hasn't Changed ... Much</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section31"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Chemical rockets with multiple stages were the original way humans traveled from the surface of the earth into orbit and onto the lunar surface. IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins describes how much has changed, and how much has remained the same.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss human travel to space </a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section31 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section31 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section31 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QQILTRG0coU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/astronaut-362x400.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 2 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-moonUpclose0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 2"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=2#section32"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Early Robotic Systems on the Moon</span></h3> <div class="section-content left fade" id="content-section32"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Did you know that the lander and the moon buggy were both considered early robots? IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins discusses the transformation of robotic systems and their impact on exploring the moon and space.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss early robotic systems</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section32 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section32 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section32 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uA1UiiXY3U8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-buggy111.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 3 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-moonUpclose0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 3"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=3#section33"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span> The Need for Autonomous Robots in Space</span></h3> <div class="section-content right fade" id="content-section33"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/">Panagiotis Tsiotras</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Fellow,聽<a href="http://ieeecss.org/">IEEE Control Systems Societ</a>y,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Robots need to be resilient in space and require the ability to make high-level decisions. Listen to IEEE Fellow Panagiotis Tsiotras describe the importance of autonomous systems to reduce risk in space travel.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Panagiotis discuss the autonomous robots in space</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Panos-Tsiotras-300x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section33 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section33 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section33 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Panagiotis Tsiotras</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1-SwtjBuPBI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-autonomousRobots2-400x236.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 4 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/intro-background01.jpg') right top no-repeat; z-index: 4"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=4#section34"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>50 Years After the Lunar Landing: From Analog to Digital Communications </span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section34"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/">Feng Xu</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member, <a href="http://www.grss-ieee.org">IEEE Geoscience &amp; Remote Sensing Society</a>, <a href="https://www.ieeeaps.org/">IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society</a></p> <p>Feng Xu, IEEE Senior Member shares the scientific achievements in communications, sensing and other life-changing technologies in the last 50 years.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Feng Xu discuss achievements in technologies in the last 50 years</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/feng-xu-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section34 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section34 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section34 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Feng Xu</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/o9DoLoKyqU4" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-data230-400x335.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 5 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/intro-background01.jpg') right top no-repeat; z-index: 5"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=5#section35"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Testing Autonomous Robots for Use in Space</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section35"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/">Panagiotis Tsiotras</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Fellow, <a href="http://ieeecss.org/">IEEE Control Systems Society</a>,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Testing is essential to ensuring a system is calibrated before sending it into space. IEEE Fellow Panagiotis Tsiotras describes the importance of realistic testing of algorithms for spacecraft safety.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Panagiotis discuss calibrating spacecraft systems</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Panos-Tsiotras-300x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section35 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section35 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section35 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Panagiotis Tsiotras</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lNtQ9a9wPP8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-spacecraft.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 6 --> <div class="page-section section-3 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/intro-background01.jpg') right top no-repeat; z-index: 6"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=3&ssid=6#section36"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Exploring Space to Protect Our Planets</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section36"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/">Feng Xu</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member, <a href="http://www.grss-ieee.org">IEEE Geoscience &amp; Remote Sensing Society</a>, <a href="https://www.ieeeaps.org/">IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society</a></p> <p>It is important for mankind to understand the universe says IEEE Senior Member Feng Xu. It helps us mitigate risk in the future.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Feng Xu discuss exploring space to protect our planets</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/feng-xu-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section36 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section36 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section36 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Feng Xu</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LEk9WCgB8I0" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-space230-400x390.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-4" data-section-id="section-4" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-4 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-lowOrbit0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=4&ssid=1#section41"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>The Influence of Early Space Technologies</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section41"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/">Renato Borges</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Member,聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>Watch IEEE Member Renato Borges reflect on technological accomplishments since the first lunar landing.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Renato discuss early space technology</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Renato-Alves-Borges-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section41 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section41 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section41 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Renato Borges</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iv2oZh27RTw" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/orbit.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 2 --> <div class="page-section section-4 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-lowOrbit0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 2"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=4&ssid=2#section42"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>A 50-year Perspective: From Apollo to Falcon 9/SpaceX</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section42"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/">George Schmidt</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Life Fellow and聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>Early landing gear was a parachute and limited communication with earth. Now, we鈥檝e moved on to reusable boosters. Listen to IEEE Life Fellow George Schmidt describe the major developments in space launch and landing capabilities over the last 50 years.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to George's 50-year perspective</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/george-schmidt-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section42 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section42 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section42 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About George Schmidt</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rWGfMYaYQYc" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/parachute.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 3 --> <div class="page-section section-4 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-lowOrbit0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 3"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=4&ssid=3#section43"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Paper Routes, Sputnik, Astronautics and an Apollo Engineer</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section43"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/">George Schmidt</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Life Fellow and聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>What sparked IEEE Life Fellow George Schmidt鈥檚 interest in becoming an engineer? The Sputnik launch, of course. He saw it on his newspaper route and knew he had to become an aeronautical engineer.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to George discuss paper routes, sputnik, astronautics and early Apollo engineer Influences</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/george-schmidt-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section43 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section43 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section43 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About George Schmidt</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NHJ-QMgYISg" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-jet-transparent-1.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-5" data-section-id="section-5" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-5 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-earthMain0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=5&ssid=1#section51"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Technology as an Extension of the Human Senses </span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section51"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/">Renato Borges</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Member,聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p>Watch IEEE Member Renato Borges share his thoughts on space as a unique laboratory for us to deepen our understanding of the human senses.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Renato discuss technology as an extension of human senses</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Renato-Alves-Borges-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section51 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section51 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section51 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/renato/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Renato Borges</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vxV-7j9rOQI" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-eye0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 2 --> <div class="page-section section-5 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-earthMain0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 2"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=5&ssid=2#section52"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Using AI to Understand Our Forests, Oceans and Atmosphere</span></h3> <div class="section-content right slide" id="content-section52"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/">Feng Xu</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="http://www.grss-ieee.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society</a>,聽<a href="https://www.ieeeaps.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Antennas and Propogation Society</a></p> <p>Monitoring the earth at a global scale takes the right balance of technology and data. IEEE Senior Member Feng Xu discusses the ways he uses information to protect our natural resources.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to watch Feng Xu discuss using AI to understand forests, oceans and atmosphere</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/feng-xu-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section52 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section52 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section52 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/feng-xu/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Feng Xu</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7sfoRc6MmQY" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-ai11-400x400.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 3 --> <div class="page-section section-5 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-earthMain0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 3"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=5&ssid=3#section53"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Lessons from an Apollo Engineer: How to Ask "What If?"</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section53"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/">George Schmidt</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Life Fellow and聽<a href="http://ieee-aess.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society</a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Failure is essential to learning, says IEEE Life Fellow and Apollo engineer George Schmidt. Hear him share his advice for engineering students and future engineers.</span></p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to George discuss his experience as an Apollo engineer</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/george-schmidt-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section53 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section53 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section53 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/george-schmidt/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About George Schmidt</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gxo3SQEwWUk" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/shuttle-assemb-expl0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 4 --> <div class="page-section section-5 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-earthMain0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 4"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=5&ssid=4#section54"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Space Exploration and Its Influence on Technology</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section54"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/">Panagiotis Tsiotras</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Fellow,聽<a href="http://ieeecss.org/">IEEE Control Systems Society</a>,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Fifty years have passed and technology has evolved in so many ways. IEEE Fellow Panagiotis Tsiotras believes there are three major technological advancements that resulted from the lunar landing in 1969.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Panagiotis discuss space exploration and its influence on technology</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Panos-Tsiotras-300x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section54 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section54 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section54 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Panagiotis Tsiotras</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1wAX_gjMD9U" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-cellphone0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- section 5 --> <div class="page-section section-5 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #114981 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-earthMain0-1.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 5"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=5&ssid=5#section55"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light"><span>Space Exploration and Careers in STEM</span></h3> <div class="section-content right fade" id="content-section55"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/">Panagiotis Tsiotras</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Fellow,<a href="http://ieeecss.org/">聽IEEE Control Systems Society</a>,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>Space exploration is inspiring &#8211; there&#8217;s beauty in the cosmos, says IEEE Fellow Panagiotis Tsiotras. Hear him share his thoughts on the future of careers in STEM.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Panagiotis discuss careers in STEM</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Panos-Tsiotras-300x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section55 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section55 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section55 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/panos-tsiotras/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Panagiotis Tsiotras</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4GuMYnePD2U" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-stem0.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> <div class="main-content-container"> <div class="page-sections section-p" id="section-6" data-section-id="section-6" > <!-- section 1 --> <div class="page-section section-6 subsection-p" data-bg-color=" " style="background: #000000 url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bg-oceanFloor0.png') right top no-repeat; z-index: 1"> <div class="addthis-container"> <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style addthis_32x32_style share" addthis:url="https://transmitter.ieee.org/natural-capital-2019/?sid=6&ssid=1#section61"> <a class="addthis_button_compact"><span>Share</span></a> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <h3 class="light no-shadow"><span>Autonomous Underwater Vehicles</span></h3> <div class="section-content left slide" id="content-section61"> <div class="info-box"> <div class="info-box-header creator"> <div class="short-descr"> <div class="hdr clear"> <p><img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/ieee-impact-creators-logo-white-sanitized.svg" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </p> <h4><a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/">Ella Atkins</a></h4> </div> <p>IEEE Senior Member,聽<a href="https://www.ieee-ras.org/">IEEE Robotics and Automation Society</a></p> <p>IEEE Senior Member Ella Atkins explains the similarities between deep sea travel and space exploration.</p> <p><a href="#" class="button vdetails" >Click here to listen to Ella discuss autonomous underwater vehicles</a></p> </div> <div class="img" style="background: url('https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ella-Atkins-350x350.jpg') center top no-repeat; background-size: cover" reposition-element-large-insertAfter="#content-section61 .short-descr" reposition-element-medium-insertAfter="#content-section61 .short-descr" reposition-element-small-prependTo="#content-section61 .short-descr .hdr" reposition-element> <a href="https://transmitter.ieee.org/author/ella-atkins/" target="_blank" class="button view-profile">Learn More About Ella Atkins</a> </div> </div> <div class="info-box-details-content"> <div class="embed-container"> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wmrS2j_nZvg" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tech"> <img src="https://transmitter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/obj-deepsea.png" width="200" height="200" alt="" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- end main content container --> </div> <div class="sections-timeline" style="background: #fff"> <div id="xsection-1" style="">section-1</div> <div id="section11" class="tstep" style="">section11</div> <div></div> <div id="section12" class="tstep" style="">section12</div> <div></div> <div id="section13" class="tstep" style="">section13</div> <div></div> <div id="section14" class="tstep" style="">section14</div> <div></div> <div id="xsection-2" style="">section-2</div> <div id="section21" class="tstep" style="">section21</div> <div></div> <div id="section22" class="tstep" style="">section22</div> <div></div> <div id="xsection-3" style="">section-3</div> <div id="section31" class="tstep" style="">section31</div> <div></div> <div id="section32" class="tstep" style="">section32</div> <div></div> <div id="section33" class="tstep" style="">section33</div> <div></div> <div id="section34" class="tstep" style="">section34</div> <div></div> <div id="section35" class="tstep" style="">section35</div> <div></div> <div id="section36" class="tstep" style="">section36</div> <div></div> <div id="xsection-4" style="">section-4</div> <div id="section41" class="tstep" style="">section41</div> <div></div> <div id="section42" class="tstep" style="">section42</div> <div></div> <div id="section43" class="tstep" style="">section43</div> <div></div> <div id="xsection-5" style="">section-5</div> <div id="section51" class="tstep" style="">section51</div> <div></div> <div id="section52" class="tstep" style="">section52</div> <div></div> <div id="section53" class="tstep" style="">section53</div> <div></div> <div id="section54" class="tstep" style="">section54</div> <div></div> <div id="section55" class="tstep" style="">section55</div> <div></div> <div id="xsection-6" style="">section-6</div> <div id="section61" class="tstep" style="border: 1px solid red; 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