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Lehmann, Edgar C. Polomé, and Tania M. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Seiichi Suzuki</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79779642"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview">Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Metrica et Poetica</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand &gt; Beowulf &gt; fornyrðislag,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="24b870e5c3f54818d47775897b37cd1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86379430,"asset_id":79779642,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79779642"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79779642"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79779642; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79779642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79779642]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79779642; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79779642']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79779642, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "24b870e5c3f54818d47775897b37cd1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79779642]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79779642,"title":"Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","publisher":"University of Tartu Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Studia Metrica et Poetica"},"translated_abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. 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On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-23T18:25:27.295-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86379430,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86379430/94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b-libre.pdf?1653356958=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=VolJXEkWIK9Jd0qTFh1XQd5~0b-iF5-hieo20Vhck2rOWVhvzrksE0ksfxTZaz0FOJA-ulHG2r09P3J6lz9rZIpdKM~pR7nxUD4g~N7f9U0VIM0mmHyWqyMs7ksI4PRG53xybMQmkFzkVZz~39ow55C~PdthqHK0ZZcwNR1dmZ9ALULon8FBg11JYiCALxJkhsq2bMxKhY18uWxjNW5MUOwfOKfZGTQaooRmxYoYeW~R3CXb2ZJS2BA6FX0LfT3BHU55ltG-sXvQ5YrfHQDtw9yZZnX~pqjyy0lIZm6KRRGHJ-mnZBn7-57FSSQ0Fjl4owMltsHWF8DOAWz5fwzLbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[{"id":86379430,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86379430/94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b-libre.pdf?1653356958=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=VolJXEkWIK9Jd0qTFh1XQd5~0b-iF5-hieo20Vhck2rOWVhvzrksE0ksfxTZaz0FOJA-ulHG2r09P3J6lz9rZIpdKM~pR7nxUD4g~N7f9U0VIM0mmHyWqyMs7ksI4PRG53xybMQmkFzkVZz~39ow55C~PdthqHK0ZZcwNR1dmZ9ALULon8FBg11JYiCALxJkhsq2bMxKhY18uWxjNW5MUOwfOKfZGTQaooRmxYoYeW~R3CXb2ZJS2BA6FX0LfT3BHU55ltG-sXvQ5YrfHQDtw9yZZnX~pqjyy0lIZm6KRRGHJ-mnZBn7-57FSSQ0Fjl4owMltsHWF8DOAWz5fwzLbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2742,"name":"Typology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31925017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle">Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31925017"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31925017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31925017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31925017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31925017]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31925017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31925017']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31925017, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31925017]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31925017,"title":"Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","location":"Vol. 29 (2017): 50-84","journal_name":"Journal of Germanic Linguistics"},"translated_abstract":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-18T15:47:54.165-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":14179,"name":"Old English Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Poetry"},{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31918646"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag">Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Approaches to Nordic and Germanic Poetry, ed. by Kristján Árnason, Stephen Carey, Tonya Kim Dewey, Haukur Þorgeirsson, Ragnar Ingi Aðalsteinsson, and Þórhallur Eyþórsson, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.<br /><br />Keywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31918646"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31918646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31918646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31918646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31918646]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31918646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31918646']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31918646, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31918646]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31918646,"title":"Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","location":"117-145","publisher":"University of Iceland Press","publication_name":"Approaches to Nordic and Germanic Poetry, ed. by Kristján Árnason, Stephen Carey, Tonya Kim Dewey, Haukur Þorgeirsson, Ragnar Ingi Aðalsteinsson, and Þórhallur Eyþórsson, 2016"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-18T05:58:35.768-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyrðislag","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse"},{"id":304902,"name":"Poetic Edda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetic_Edda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718891"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview">Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, 9–38</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand > Beowulf > fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aff07b189e2d91138fdf2c8d5a50e83c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36604426,"asset_id":10718891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718891]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10718891']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10718891, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aff07b189e2d91138fdf2c8d5a50e83c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10718891]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10718891,"title":"Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u003e Beowulf \u003e fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, 9–38","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36604426},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-02-11T16:24:21.967-08:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36604426,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Suzuki2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36604426/Suzuki2014-libre.pdf?1423703051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JyuH0G2m5uTVGdKK3EkTwOXTviuanhHiHZ0zQGq1UooLrMIeP09ltbHAyp-TnR8lihZNX4OVC~U9jOCpuCB4P3nIOUduj-AhdIMvRxqicm3ao69WSY90RUj~ueugi4OYDvisRsfRqNkbMU2lV2DoHk~egY3hpDQoi6Ht36Ve1ftFn8hzEErGAN7zKyykCpQTKGs7txT0oQWiiD2pNfEapu6AkW44J7EzIZ0UVibNA5TXs3W3FOhYSnPqu74b73EgMc-GrAMqRomuUrYDTTOlAnEQNvXIz1AYNVzmopm6kEcpS9GembkR7XxvIBXhjKrOH9SIoUUcA0ypOR1m~arSug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u003e Beowulf \u003e fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[{"id":36604426,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Suzuki2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36604426/Suzuki2014-libre.pdf?1423703051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JyuH0G2m5uTVGdKK3EkTwOXTviuanhHiHZ0zQGq1UooLrMIeP09ltbHAyp-TnR8lihZNX4OVC~U9jOCpuCB4P3nIOUduj-AhdIMvRxqicm3ao69WSY90RUj~ueugi4OYDvisRsfRqNkbMU2lV2DoHk~egY3hpDQoi6Ht36Ve1ftFn8hzEErGAN7zKyykCpQTKGs7txT0oQWiiD2pNfEapu6AkW44J7EzIZ0UVibNA5TXs3W3FOhYSnPqu74b73EgMc-GrAMqRomuUrYDTTOlAnEQNvXIz1AYNVzmopm6kEcpS9GembkR7XxvIBXhjKrOH9SIoUUcA0ypOR1m~arSug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages"},{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf"},{"id":34620,"name":"Old English Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Language"},{"id":184999,"name":"Metrics and Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics_and_Prosody"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718262"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36760740/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand">Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 68, 27–52</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, on...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. I will then identify a complex of metrical, phonological, and morphological factors that can be held responsible for the metrical reorganization in question: (i) loss of type A2a; (ii) diminished use of poetic compounds; (iii) leveling of unstressed vowels; (iv) reduced functional load of high vowel endings; (v) analogical loss of the original alternation between -i/-u and zero; (vi) extensive occurrence of vowel epenthesis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a49dc40aeb7f98b75b9ad8963303057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36760740,"asset_id":10718262,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36760740/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718262"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718262"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718262; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718262]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718262; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10718262']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10718262, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8a49dc40aeb7f98b75b9ad8963303057" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10718262]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10718262,"title":"Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"For a fuller account in relation to fornyrðislag, see The Meters of Old Norse Eddic Poetry at pp. 277–307.","grobid_abstract":"1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. I will then identify a complex of metrical, phonological, and morphological factors that can be held responsible for the metrical reorganization in question: (i) loss of type A2a; (ii) diminished use of poetic compounds; (iii) leveling of unstressed vowels; (iv) reduced functional load of high vowel endings; (v) analogical loss of the original alternation between -i/-u and zero; (vi) extensive occurrence of vowel epenthesis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 68, 27–52","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36760740},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:47:04.454-08:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36760740,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36760740/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ABAG_68_02_-_Seiichi_Suzuki.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36760740/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36760740/ABAG_68_02_-_Seiichi_Suzuki-libre.pdf?1424818678=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JNA6guzChCJB-D0lkew3WjdKpdfjRFSvv0rLjAskck93RRnROlgw3blnDvBccSTOiGnPmGqmWpgdELqz3yjszQ9KLLzazpPIzg51XrEuiPE2kI3xFX1xINVmvpZS-cr81ek1JU7vv3f6lyHu6sClkpzNROeHNw55plSvVK2rlDL1FkdUY10Ue7HuJXZBBhAxw8m7FxX57Ql08sEBKXwfQ7JiEtHT3YrGNduZ5mDnS0N7TpbtugbvSA6LDzXa8x-BcWTQIRWwvF4Rn-GCmg6IELJHsvONbaA9YNOJS0A~MD9UEcO6A~a5Va8e3KddX64ulyiOuOcCRIa52qmR2KUf5Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718418"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718418/Catalexis_suspension_of_resolution_and_the_organization_of_the_cadence_in_eddic_meters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Catalexis, suspension of resolution, and the organization of the cadence in eddic meters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718418/Catalexis_suspension_of_resolution_and_the_organization_of_the_cadence_in_eddic_meters">Catalexis, suspension of resolution, and the organization of the cadence in eddic meters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mihhail Lotman and Maria-Kristiina Lotman (eds.), Frontiers in comparative prosody, 381–409</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718418"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718418"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718418; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10717900"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10717900/Anacrusis_in_eddic_meters_fornyr%C3%B0islag_and_m%C3%A1lah%C3%A1ttr_Reevaluation_and_reinvigoration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10717900/Anacrusis_in_eddic_meters_fornyr%C3%B0islag_and_m%C3%A1lah%C3%A1ttr_Reevaluation_and_reinvigoration">Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 132, 159–176</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Germanic cognates, namely, Old English Beowulf (Fulk/Bjork/Niles 2008) and the Old Saxon H...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Germanic cognates, namely, Old English Beowulf (Fulk/Bjork/Niles 2008) and the Old Saxon Heliand (Behaghel ... Suzuki 1996, p. 24Ð35) and by promotion of a normal drop to a heavy one (eg ... meter: as noted above, is it merely a petrified rem-nant of Old Germanic heritage ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10717900"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10717900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10717900; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10717900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10717900]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10717900; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10717900']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10717900, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10717900]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10717900,"title":"Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2554046" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="79779642"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview">Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Metrica et Poetica</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand &gt; Beowulf &gt; fornyrðislag,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="24b870e5c3f54818d47775897b37cd1a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":86379430,"asset_id":79779642,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="79779642"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79779642"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79779642; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79779642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79779642]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79779642; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='79779642']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79779642, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "24b870e5c3f54818d47775897b37cd1a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=79779642]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":79779642,"title":"Metrical Positions and their Linguistic Realisations in Old Germanic Metres: A Typological Overview","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","publisher":"University of Tartu Press","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Studia Metrica et Poetica"},"translated_abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79779642/Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-23T18:25:27.295-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86379430,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86379430/94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b-libre.pdf?1653356958=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=VolJXEkWIK9Jd0qTFh1XQd5~0b-iF5-hieo20Vhck2rOWVhvzrksE0ksfxTZaz0FOJA-ulHG2r09P3J6lz9rZIpdKM~pR7nxUD4g~N7f9U0VIM0mmHyWqyMs7ksI4PRG53xybMQmkFzkVZz~39ow55C~PdthqHK0ZZcwNR1dmZ9ALULon8FBg11JYiCALxJkhsq2bMxKhY18uWxjNW5MUOwfOKfZGTQaooRmxYoYeW~R3CXb2ZJS2BA6FX0LfT3BHU55ltG-sXvQ5YrfHQDtw9yZZnX~pqjyy0lIZm6KRRGHJ-mnZBn7-57FSSQ0Fjl4owMltsHWF8DOAWz5fwzLbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic_Realisations_in_Old_Germanic_Metres_A_Typological_Overview","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metrical– linguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u0026gt; Beowulf \u0026gt; fornyrðislag,...","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[{"id":86379430,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/86379430/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86379430/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/86379430/94c42de75ff914482e7382d94e7dd44dee6b-libre.pdf?1653356958=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_Positions_and_their_Linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=VolJXEkWIK9Jd0qTFh1XQd5~0b-iF5-hieo20Vhck2rOWVhvzrksE0ksfxTZaz0FOJA-ulHG2r09P3J6lz9rZIpdKM~pR7nxUD4g~N7f9U0VIM0mmHyWqyMs7ksI4PRG53xybMQmkFzkVZz~39ow55C~PdthqHK0ZZcwNR1dmZ9ALULon8FBg11JYiCALxJkhsq2bMxKhY18uWxjNW5MUOwfOKfZGTQaooRmxYoYeW~R3CXb2ZJS2BA6FX0LfT3BHU55ltG-sXvQ5YrfHQDtw9yZZnX~pqjyy0lIZm6KRRGHJ-mnZBn7-57FSSQ0Fjl4owMltsHWF8DOAWz5fwzLbw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2742,"name":"Typology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Typology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31925017"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle">Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31925017"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31925017"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31925017; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31925017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31925017]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31925017; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31925017']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31925017, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31925017]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31925017,"title":"Three-position verses in Beowulf and Genesis A: Syntagmatically-induced exceptions to the four-position principle","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","location":"Vol. 29 (2017): 50-84","journal_name":"Journal of Germanic Linguistics"},"translated_abstract":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31925017/Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-18T15:47:54.165-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Three_position_verses_in_Beowulf_and_Genesis_A_Syntagmatically_induced_exceptions_to_the_four_position_principle","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Three-position (catalectic) verses in fornyrðislag are fully integrated with their regular, four-position counterparts, and accordingly composed in strict conformity to the four-position principle through alignment of the verse-final drop with null linguistic material. However, they are produced only exceptionally in violation of the same principle in Beowulf and Genesis A. With maximal fidelity to the principle, Beowulf almost categorically disallows such short verses, whereas Genesis A, constrained by the principle to a lesser extent, is more liberal in accepting them, as with other metrical operations controlled by the canon, such as anacrusis. Far from random accidents, however, these anomalous verses are most likely to arise under a cluster of syntagmatic conditions: i) The missing element constitutes a verse-final drop; ii) it is preceded by two consecutive lifts. Given the two forces working in optimal combination, the configuration PPx occurs with the highest incidence among the variants of three-position verses in these two Old English poems.","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":14179,"name":"Old English Poetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Poetry"},{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31918646"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag">Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Approaches to Nordic and Germanic Poetry, ed. by Kristján Árnason, Stephen Carey, Tonya Kim Dewey, Haukur Þorgeirsson, Ragnar Ingi Aðalsteinsson, and Þórhallur Eyþórsson, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.<br /><br />Keywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31918646"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31918646"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31918646; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31918646]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31918646]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31918646; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31918646']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31918646, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31918646]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31918646,"title":"Toward a formal account of type A3 in fornyrðislag","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","location":"117-145","publisher":"University of Iceland Press","publication_name":"Approaches to Nordic and Germanic Poetry, ed. by Kristján Árnason, Stephen Carey, Tonya Kim Dewey, Haukur Þorgeirsson, Ragnar Ingi Aðalsteinsson, and Þórhallur Eyþórsson, 2016"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31918646/Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyr%C3%B0islag","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-03-18T05:58:35.768-07:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Toward_a_formal_account_of_type_A3_in_fornyrðislag","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Abstract: On the strength of meter-internal and comparative Germanic evidence, I will postulate a metrical representation (/) × / × for type A3 verses in fornyrðislag (e.g., Vsp 20.1 Þaðan koma meyiar), whereby (/) constitutes an unrealized lift: while existing in the underlying metrical structure, the initial lift remains unoccupied by concrete linguistic expression on the surface. Put another way, type A3 emerges where the first lift of type A1 / × / × is immaterialized linguistically. The composition of type A3 thus characterized for fornyrðislag differs sharply from its cognate forms in the West Germanic tradition: in it, the first lift is demoted to a drop, whichmust be filled by unstressed material; the metrical structure involved in the West Germanic composition may accordingly be represented as × × / ×.\n\nKeywords: Old Germanic meter; type A3; fornyrðislag; Beowulf; Heliand","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":6636,"name":"Metrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics"},{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages"},{"id":35634,"name":"Old Norse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Norse"},{"id":304902,"name":"Poetic Edda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetic_Edda"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718891"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview">Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, 9–38</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand > Beowulf > fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aff07b189e2d91138fdf2c8d5a50e83c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36604426,"asset_id":10718891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718891]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10718891']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10718891, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "aff07b189e2d91138fdf2c8d5a50e83c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10718891]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10718891,"title":"Metrical positions and their linguistic realisations in Old Germanic metres: a typological overview","translated_title":"","metadata":{"grobid_abstract":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u003e Beowulf \u003e fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Studia Metrica et Poetica 1, 9–38","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36604426},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10718891/Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-02-11T16:24:21.967-08:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36604426,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Suzuki2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36604426/Suzuki2014-libre.pdf?1423703051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JyuH0G2m5uTVGdKK3EkTwOXTviuanhHiHZ0zQGq1UooLrMIeP09ltbHAyp-TnR8lihZNX4OVC~U9jOCpuCB4P3nIOUduj-AhdIMvRxqicm3ao69WSY90RUj~ueugi4OYDvisRsfRqNkbMU2lV2DoHk~egY3hpDQoi6Ht36Ve1ftFn8hzEErGAN7zKyykCpQTKGs7txT0oQWiiD2pNfEapu6AkW44J7EzIZ0UVibNA5TXs3W3FOhYSnPqu74b73EgMc-GrAMqRomuUrYDTTOlAnEQNvXIz1AYNVzmopm6kEcpS9GembkR7XxvIBXhjKrOH9SIoUUcA0ypOR1m~arSug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic_realisations_in_Old_Germanic_metres_a_typological_overview","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"This paper provides a typological account of Old Germanic metre by investigating its parametric variations that largely determine the metrical identities of the Old English Beowulf, the Old Saxon Heliand, and Old Norse eddic poetry (composed in fornyrðislag, málaháttr, or ljóðaháttr). The primary parameters to be explored here are the principle of four metrical positions per verse and the differing ways in which these constituent positions are aligned to linguistic material. On the one hand, the four-position principle works with a maximal strictness in Beowulf, and to a slightly lesser extent in fornyrðislag, whereas it allows for a wider range of deviations in verse size in the Heliand and ljóðaháttr. In málaháttr, however, the principle in itself gives way to the five-position counterpart. On the other hand, the variation in the metricallinguistic alignment in the three close cognate metres may be generalised by positing the common scale, Heliand \u003e Beowulf \u003e fornyrðislag, for the decreasing likelihood of resolution, the increasing likelihood of suspending resolution, and the decreasing size of the drop.","owner":{"id":26138458,"first_name":"Seiichi","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Suzuki","page_name":"SeiichiSuzuki","domain_name":"kansaigaidai","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:18:30.593-08:00","display_name":"Seiichi Suzuki","url":"https://kansaigaidai.academia.edu/SeiichiSuzuki"},"attachments":[{"id":36604426,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36604426/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Suzuki2014.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36604426/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Metrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36604426/Suzuki2014-libre.pdf?1423703051=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMetrical_positions_and_their_linguistic.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JyuH0G2m5uTVGdKK3EkTwOXTviuanhHiHZ0zQGq1UooLrMIeP09ltbHAyp-TnR8lihZNX4OVC~U9jOCpuCB4P3nIOUduj-AhdIMvRxqicm3ao69WSY90RUj~ueugi4OYDvisRsfRqNkbMU2lV2DoHk~egY3hpDQoi6Ht36Ve1ftFn8hzEErGAN7zKyykCpQTKGs7txT0oQWiiD2pNfEapu6AkW44J7EzIZ0UVibNA5TXs3W3FOhYSnPqu74b73EgMc-GrAMqRomuUrYDTTOlAnEQNvXIz1AYNVzmopm6kEcpS9GembkR7XxvIBXhjKrOH9SIoUUcA0ypOR1m~arSug__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":15534,"name":"Old Germanic Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Germanic_Languages"},{"id":17898,"name":"Beowulf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beowulf"},{"id":34620,"name":"Old English Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_English_Language"},{"id":184999,"name":"Metrics and Prosody","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metrics_and_Prosody"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718262"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36760740/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand">Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 68, 27–52</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, on...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. I will then identify a complex of metrical, phonological, and morphological factors that can be held responsible for the metrical reorganization in question: (i) loss of type A2a; (ii) diminished use of poetic compounds; (iii) leveling of unstressed vowels; (iv) reduced functional load of high vowel endings; (v) analogical loss of the original alternation between -i/-u and zero; (vi) extensive occurrence of vowel epenthesis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8a49dc40aeb7f98b75b9ad8963303057" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36760740,"asset_id":10718262,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36760740/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718262"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718262"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718262; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718262]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10718262]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718262; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10718262']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10718262, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8a49dc40aeb7f98b75b9ad8963303057" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10718262]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10718262,"title":"Kaluza's Law in the Old Saxon Heliand","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"For a fuller account in relation to fornyrðislag, see The Meters of Old Norse Eddic Poetry at pp. 277–307.","grobid_abstract":"1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. I will then identify a complex of metrical, phonological, and morphological factors that can be held responsible for the metrical reorganization in question: (i) loss of type A2a; (ii) diminished use of poetic compounds; (iii) leveling of unstressed vowels; (iv) reduced functional load of high vowel endings; (v) analogical loss of the original alternation between -i/-u and zero; (vi) extensive occurrence of vowel epenthesis.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 68, 27–52","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":36760740},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10718262/Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-02-11T15:47:04.454-08:00","section":"Papers","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":true,"current_user_is_owner":true,"owner_id":26138458,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36760740,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36760740/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ABAG_68_02_-_Seiichi_Suzuki.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36760740/download_file?st=MTczNDAyNjcxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/36760740/ABAG_68_02_-_Seiichi_Suzuki-libre.pdf?1424818678=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DKaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand.pdf\u0026Expires=1733961735\u0026Signature=JNA6guzChCJB-D0lkew3WjdKpdfjRFSvv0rLjAskck93RRnROlgw3blnDvBccSTOiGnPmGqmWpgdELqz3yjszQ9KLLzazpPIzg51XrEuiPE2kI3xFX1xINVmvpZS-cr81ek1JU7vv3f6lyHu6sClkpzNROeHNw55plSvVK2rlDL1FkdUY10Ue7HuJXZBBhAxw8m7FxX57Ql08sEBKXwfQ7JiEtHT3YrGNduZ5mDnS0N7TpbtugbvSA6LDzXa8x-BcWTQIRWwvF4Rn-GCmg6IELJHsvONbaA9YNOJS0A~MD9UEcO6A~a5Va8e3KddX64ulyiOuOcCRIa52qmR2KUf5Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Kaluzas_Law_in_the_Old_Saxon_Heliand","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"1 Observed most closely in Beowulf resolution in Old English meter: after a stressed syllable, only short disyllables ending in pre-OE *-i or *-u (-V$Ci$ or -V$Cu$) are subject to resolution, thereby constituting a single position; by contrast, the remaining disyllables (--OE *-i or *-u -V$CVC$) count as two metrical positions through suspension of resolution. This paper in the Old Saxon Heliand in comparison with Beowulf and late Old English poetry. Drawing on statistical analysis as appropriate, I will argue that, no longer sensitive to the original distinction between short and long disyllables, the law was replaced by another generalization that was predicated on the distinction between open and closed disyllables: in the Heliand, open disyllables (-V$CV$) are susceptible to resolution, whereas closed ones (-V$CVC$) are immune to it. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718418"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718418/Catalexis_suspension_of_resolution_and_the_organization_of_the_cadence_in_eddic_meters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Catalexis, suspension of resolution, and the organization of the cadence in eddic meters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718418/Catalexis_suspension_of_resolution_and_the_organization_of_the_cadence_in_eddic_meters">Catalexis, suspension of resolution, and the organization of the cadence in eddic meters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mihhail Lotman and Maria-Kristiina Lotman (eds.), Frontiers in comparative prosody, 381–409</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718418"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718418"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718418; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10717900"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10717900/Anacrusis_in_eddic_meters_fornyr%C3%B0islag_and_m%C3%A1lah%C3%A1ttr_Reevaluation_and_reinvigoration"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10717900/Anacrusis_in_eddic_meters_fornyr%C3%B0islag_and_m%C3%A1lah%C3%A1ttr_Reevaluation_and_reinvigoration">Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 132, 159–176</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... Germanic cognates, namely, Old English Beowulf (Fulk/Bjork/Niles 2008) and the Old Saxon H...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... Germanic cognates, namely, Old English Beowulf (Fulk/Bjork/Niles 2008) and the Old Saxon Heliand (Behaghel ... Suzuki 1996, p. 24Ð35) and by promotion of a normal drop to a heavy one (eg ... meter: as noted above, is it merely a petrified rem-nant of Old Germanic heritage ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10717900"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10717900"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10717900; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10717900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10717900]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10717900; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='10717900']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10717900, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=10717900]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":10717900,"title":"Anacrusis in eddic meters fornyrðislag and málaháttr: Reevaluation and reinvigoration","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="10718491"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718491/Les_button_brooches_de_Picardie_et_du_Pas_de_Calais_Aper%C3%A7us_typologique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique_et_chronologique"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Les button brooches de Picardie et du Pas-de-Calais: Aperçus typologique, généalogique et chronologique" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/10718491/Les_button_brooches_de_Picardie_et_du_Pas_de_Calais_Aper%C3%A7us_typologique_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique_et_chronologique">Les button brooches de Picardie et du Pas-de-Calais: Aperçus typologique, généalogique et chronologique</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revue archéologique de Picardie 2007, 91–110</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="10718491"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10718491"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10718491; 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