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<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir='ltr' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' xmlns:b='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/b' xmlns:data='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/data' xmlns:expr='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/expr'> <head> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/55013136-widget_css_bundle.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'/> <meta content='blogger' name='generator'/> <link href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/> <link href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/' rel='canonical'/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="The Lippard Blog - Atom" href="https://lippard.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The Lippard Blog - RSS" href="https://lippard.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss" /> <link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" title="The Lippard Blog - Atom" href="https://www.blogger.com/feeds/15453937/posts/default" /> <link rel="me" href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/16826768452963498005" />  <meta content='https://lippard.blogspot.com/' property='og:url'/> <meta content='The Lippard Blog' property='og:title'/> <meta content='' property='og:description'/> <link href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/' rel='canonical'/> <title>The Lippard Blog</title> <style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=15453937&zx=a3ff2fef-4924-4906-bd8c-8580d7629214' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=15453937&zx=a3ff2fef-4924-4906-bd8c-8580d7629214' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/>  </head> <body> <div class='navbar section' id='navbar'><div class='widget Navbar' data-version='1' id='Navbar1'><script type="text/javascript"> function setAttributeOnload(object, attribute, val) { if(window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', function(){ object[attribute] = val; 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margin-left:10px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> digg_url = 'https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/10/nra-ceo-doug-hamlins-cat-killing-story.html'; </script> <script src="//digg.com/tools/diggthis.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <p> Per Stephanie Kirchgaessner <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/oct/14/nra-doug-hamlin-cat-killing">in <i>The Guardian</i>, 14 October 2024:</a></p><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"></p><blockquote><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">Douglas Hamlin, who was appointed to lead the NRA this summer in the wake of a long-running corruption scandal at the gun rights group, was involved decades ago in the sadistic killing of a fraternity house cat named BK, according to several local media reports at the time.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">Hamlin pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of animal cruelty brought against him and four of his fraternity brothers in 1980, when he was an undergraduate student at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. The charge was brought against Hamlin under a local Ann Arbor ordinance. All five members of Alpha Delta Phi were later expelled from the fraternity.</p><div id="sign-in-gate" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><gu-island data-island-status="hydrated" deferuntil="visible" name="SignInGateSelector" priority="feature" props="{"contentType":"Article","sectionId":"us-news","tags":[{"id":"us-news/nra","type":"Keyword","title":"NRA"},{"id":"us-news/us-news","type":"Keyword","title":"US news"},{"id":"world/world","type":"Keyword","title":"World news"},{"id":"us-news/michigan","type":"Keyword","title":"Michigan"},{"id":"type/article","type":"Type","title":"Article"},{"id":"tone/news","type":"Tone","title":"News"},{"id":"profile/stephanie-kirchgaessner","type":"Contributor","title":"Stephanie Kirchgaessner"},{"id":"tracking/commissioningdesk/us-news","type":"Tracking","title":"US News"}],"isPaidContent":false,"isPreview":false,"host":"https://www.theguardian.com","pageId":"us-news/2024/oct/14/nra-doug-hamlin-cat-killing","idUrl":"https://profile.theguardian.com","switches":{"lightbox":true,"mastheadWithHighlights":true,"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"prebidMagnite":true,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"adaptiveSite":true,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"articleEndSlot":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"darkModeWeb":true,"targeting":true,"remoteHeader":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":false,"ampPrebidOzone":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"okta":true,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"ampPrebidPubmatic":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"brazeTaylorReport":false,"callouts":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":false,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"optOutAdvertising":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"googleSearch":true,"disableFrontContainerShowHide":true,"abOptOutFrequencyCap":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"prebidKargo":true,"consentManagement":true,"abUsBigEvents":false,"personaliseSignInGateAfterCheckout":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"absoluteServerTimes":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"ampPrebidCriteo":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"youtubeIma":true,"webFonts":true,"liveBlogTopSponsorship":true,"prebidImproveDigital":false,"abAdBlockAsk":false,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"removeLiteFronts":false,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"historyTags":true,"brazeContentCards":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"shouldLoadGoogletag":true,"inizio":true}}" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></gu-island></div><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">The details of the case, described in local media reports at the time, are gruesome. The house cat was captured, its paws were cut off, and was then strung up and set on fire. The killing, which occurred in December 1979, was allegedly prompted by anger that the cat was not using its litterbox.</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;">The case caused such a furore locally that some students and animal rights activists wore buttons and armbands in memory of BK.</p></blockquote><p>While <i>The Guardian</i> notes that Hamlin's role was not clear, Judge S.J. Elden singled him out for particular criticism as the president of the fraternity who had a responsibility to prevent it--and not, as was attempted without success, to cover it up.</p><p>(See other <a href="https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/conservative%20animal%20abuse">conservative animal abuse</a> tagged posts, about Kevin Roberts, Bill Frist, Kristi Noem, James Dobson, Mike Huckabee, Mitt Romney, and Jerry Falwell.)</p><p class="dcr-1eu361v" style="--source-text-decoration-thickness: 2px; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-size: 1.0625rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.75rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word;"></p> </p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author'> Posted by Lippard </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/10/nra-ceo-doug-hamlins-cat-killing-story.html' title='permanent link'>10/14/2024 04:03:00 PM</a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/15453937/1173059574979256460' onclick=''>0 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1926897187'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15453937&postID=1173059574979256460&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/animals' rel='tag'>animals</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/conservative%20animal%20abuse' rel='tag'>conservative animal abuse</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/politics' rel='tag'>politics</a> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Monday, October 07, 2024</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <a name='7557124264413569092'></a> <h3 class='post-title'> <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/10/whos-who-in-jack-smiths-presidential.html'>Who's Who in Jack Smith's presidential immunity brief</a> </h3> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> <div class='post-body'> <p> <div style='float:right; margin-left:10px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> digg_url = 'https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/10/whos-who-in-jack-smiths-presidential.html'; </script> <script src="//digg.com/tools/diggthis.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <p> Here's my best effort, informed by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103533/whos-who-jack-smith-immunity-brief/">Adam Klasfeld's at Just Security</a> and others I came across.</p><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P1 = Steve Bannon.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P2 = Trump campaign manager Bill Stepien (post July 2020).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P3 = Trump deputy campaign manager Justin Clark.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P4 = Trump senior campaign advisor Jason Miller.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P5 campaign operative Mike Roman.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P6 = Roger Stone.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P7 = Hope Hicks.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P8 = Pence Chief of Staff Marc Short.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P9 = Eric Herschmann.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P10 = Joe DiGenova.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P11 = Victoria Toensing.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P12 = Jenna Ellis.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P13 = Jared Kushner.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P14 = Ivanka Trump.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P15 = Trump WH Assistant to the President and Director of Oval Office Operations Nicholas F. Luna. P16 = AZ Gov Doug Ducey.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P17 = GA Gov Brian Kemp.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P18 = Speaker of the AZ House Rusty Bowers.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P19 = Trump staffer Christina Bobb (4 Dec 2020 tweet <a attributionsrc="/privacy_sandbox/comet/register/source/?xt=AZW_7C-SZN6drucHiETBOFxsR448PonsfgW9aWzrkYyVc3RTqvTeOuLU8Mj_kIMeJUV3E0m4erg9fZoJcfZBKuwLIQRFBMS-TqffJMRL09Qe_Lr7-Xa0GWgmkYfaIHwBiIGuFsJIkTdxd_WHARolKUpk-VnZ8_y8o0x-sT-iJ4-NqXaV3iwuihIpI1ZhO-qpalKSJdADs5Nm7mPNuIb93nXPxoBBqOdiPBzIsg66ltDGG5pG-WURCjwuMgBhAGmGx7OnuqeqQGWAsGNCOHhrvLBxN3hrW-YedC89vvgOuJ0pa2eThkBIC7Ik0wPsUmKYEBR_dDNlAWxCtLPsJml9n0U4nURSuNW5dXSzAxsUQ3BLNV5GtjpI3IiIG5n4_b_OlqD73W_OKajmltg4d497RgGyYzOeyJ9F2w88az-G6sq1N_26O5QYRube5caYYY7Vxid-WaqMyglecOK8jlYVK-XCBfHw_-tOHqzFcdSi2phUeDRrdgJQr9TTKUQJc9G0kjFyEZHKA9VICI87WtCNHGMb61c0zGPRHyLEDNEVBYhiHmCF32H8uCBMz6UERP9oiocC7VIzNiau_9_6p-iWwd-oJKwkVJJnve2LQtLxm0Lqqg" class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1fey0fg x1s688f" href="https://x.com/christina_bobb/status/1334996485075836936" rel="nofollow noreferrer" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://x.com/christina_bobb/status/1334996485075836936</a>, ref p. 20).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P20 = Kory Langhofer (Bowers' attorney).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P21 = Trump chief of staff Mark Meadows.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P22 = campaign attorney (p. 22) Alex Cannon.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P23 = Trump GA lawyer Ray Smith (Roy Stallings Smith III, a real estate attorney).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P24 = volunteer Trump GA attorney Jackie Pick.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P25 = GA Sec of State Chief Operations Officer Gabriel Sterling.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P26 = GA Attorney General Christopher M. Carr.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P27 = US Senator David Perdue (proof is ref in Trump tweet on p. 18).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P28 = Kelly Loeffler (ditto).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P29 = GA election worker Wandrea "Shaye" Moss.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P30 = GA election worker Ruby Freeman (Shaye's mother, p. 25).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P31 = Cleta Mitchell, private attorney introduced on Trump v Kemp call as "who is not the attorney of record but has been involved" (p. 29, see WaPo "Here’s the full transcript and audio of the call between Trump and Raffensperger").</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P32 = Kurt R. Hilbert, lead attorney for Trump in Trump v. Kemp.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P33 = GA Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P34 = GA Lt. Gov. Geoff Duncan.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P35 = GA Secretary of State General Counsel Ryan Germany.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P36 = Trump private attorney on Raffensperger call Alex Kaufman (Fox Rothschild, subsequently resigned Jan 7, 2021; however, Kaufman stated he never represented Trump).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P37 = MI Senate Majority Leader Mike Shirkey.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P38 = MI House Speaker Lee Chatfield.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P39 = RNC Chairwoman Ronna McDaniel.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P40 = not referenced.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P41 = ? Scott Gragson ?, "Michigan campaign associate" (p. 34)</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P42 = Trump executive assistant Molly Michael.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P43 = RNC Chief Counsel Justin Riemer.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P44 = RNC spokesperson Liz Harrington (recipient of email from Riemer: <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rnc-trump-stop-the-steal/2021/07/12/79e58a02-e320-11eb-934f-7e6c1927f261_story.html">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/rnc-trump-stop-the-steal/2021/07/12/79e58a02-e320-11eb-934f-7e6c1927f261_story.html</a>).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P45 = White House Deputy Chief of Staff/Social Media Director Dan Scavino.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P46 = PA GOP Chair Lawrence Tabas.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P47 = Philadelphia City Commissioner Al Schmidt.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P48 = former NYPD commissioner and Giuliani-Kerik partner Bernard B. Kerik (p. 40 tweet: <a attributionsrc="/privacy_sandbox/comet/register/source/?xt=AZW_7C-SZN6drucHiETBOFxsR448PonsfgW9aWzrkYyVc3RTqvTeOuLU8Mj_kIMeJUV3E0m4erg9fZoJcfZBKuwLIQRFBMS-TqffJMRL09Qe_Lr7-Xa0GWgmkYfaIHwBiIGuFsJIkTdxd_WHARolKUpk-VnZ8_y8o0x-sT-iJ4-NqXaV3iwuihIpI1ZhO-qpalKSJdADs5Nm7mPNuIb93nXPxoBBqOdiPBzIsg66ltDGG5pG-WURCjwuMgBhAGmGx7OnuqeqQGWAsGNCOHhrvLBxN3hrW-YedC89vvgOuJ0pa2eThkBIC7Ik0wPsUmKYEBR_dDNlAWxCtLPsJml9n0U4nURSuNW5dXSzAxsUQ3BLNV5GtjpI3IiIG5n4_b_OlqD73W_OKajmltg4d497RgGyYzOeyJ9F2w88az-G6sq1N_26O5QYRube5caYYY7Vxid-WaqMyglecOK8jlYVK-XCBfHw_-tOHqzFcdSi2phUeDRrdgJQr9TTKUQJc9G0kjFyEZHKA9VICI87WtCNHGMb61c0zGPRHyLEDNEVBYhiHmCF32H8uCBMz6UERP9oiocC7VIzNiau_9_6p-iWwd-oJKwkVJJnve2LQtLxm0Lqqg" class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1fey0fg x1s688f" href="https://x.com/BernardKerik/status/1334944478180888586" rel="nofollow noreferrer" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://x.com/BernardKerik/status/1334944478180888586</a>).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P49 = WI Supreme Court Justice Brian Hagedorn.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P50 = Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Director Chris Krebs.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P51 = Tucker Carlson.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P52 = Trump admin Attorney General William "Bill" Barr.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P53 = AZ attorney Jack Wilenchik (p. 51).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P54 = Trump campaign staffer Tim Murtaugh--in text thread on fake electors with P3 Clark/P4 J Miller/P9 Herschmann "certifying illegal votes" (<a href="https://www.newsweek.com/arizona-gold-fake-electors-trump-allies-indictment-1894131">https://www.newsweek.com/arizona-gold-fake-electors-trump-allies-indictment-1894131</a>).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P55 = ? ? "Star Wars bar" thread (Jason Miller quote).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P56 = ? "Star Wars bar" (p. 151: P56 but not P55 attends meeting at VA campaign HQ).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P57 = former US Rep & US Attorney elector nominee who opted out of fake elector scheme Thomas Marino (p. 53).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P58 = VP Pence Counsel Greg Jacob (p. 70) "Pence lawyer".</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P59 = WH Counsel Pat Cippolone.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P60 = WH press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P61 = AZ Senate president Karen Fann.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P62 = TX AG Ken Paxton.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P63 = MO AG, now US Senator Eric Schmitt.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P64 = J6 Ellipse rally organizer Carolyn Wren.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P65 = J6 Ellipse rally funder Julie Fancelli. (<a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-campaign-fundraiser-ellipse-rally" style="background-color: transparent;">https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-campaign-fundraiser-ellipse-rally</a>)</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P66 = ? Katrina Pierson ?  campaign employee working on J6 Ellipse rally who had most contact with Trump and was a private citizen after December 31, 2020.  (p. 119) (<a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/18/capitol-riot-panel-interview-katrina-pierson-00010154">https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/18/capitol-riot-panel-interview-katrina-pierson-00010154</a>)</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P67 = WH photographer Shealeah Craighead.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P68 = Gen Michael Flynn.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P69 = WH trade advisor Peter Navarro.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P70 = Ivan Raiklin (<a href="https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/january-6-hearings-june-16#h_5cb75e4babd00cc7b68a62e35a09fa68">https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/january-6-hearings-june-16#h_5cb75e4babd00cc7b68a62e35a09fa68</a>) (p. 137).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P71 = Deputy WH Counsel Pat Philbin.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P72 = Matt Morgan (On pg. 151, P72 gives Herschmann a “tutorial on campaign basics and operations,” and is repeatedly mentioned along with P3, who is campaign attorney & Deputy Campaign Manager Justin Clark).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P73 = ? Michael Best ? assured Eric Herschmann he could trust P22 (p. 152)</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P74 = ? J. Christian Adams or Matt Braynard ? (testified at December 10 Georgia hearing: <a href="https://www.gpb.org/news/2020/12/10/at-georgia-house-hearing-republicans-baseless-claims-of-voting-fraud-persist">https://www.gpb.org/news/2020/12/10/at-georgia-house-hearing-republicans-baseless-claims-of-voting-fraud-persist</a>)</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P75 = Ken Block, managing director of C2.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P76 = Jay Sekulow (see <a attributionsrc="/privacy_sandbox/comet/register/source/?xt=AZW_7C-SZN6drucHiETBOFxsR448PonsfgW9aWzrkYyVc3RTqvTeOuLU8Mj_kIMeJUV3E0m4erg9fZoJcfZBKuwLIQRFBMS-TqffJMRL09Qe_Lr7-Xa0GWgmkYfaIHwBiIGuFsJIkTdxd_WHARolKUpk-VnZ8_y8o0x-sT-iJ4-NqXaV3iwuihIpI1ZhO-qpalKSJdADs5Nm7mPNuIb93nXPxoBBqOdiPBzIsg66ltDGG5pG-WURCjwuMgBhAGmGx7OnuqeqQGWAsGNCOHhrvLBxN3hrW-YedC89vvgOuJ0pa2eThkBIC7Ik0wPsUmKYEBR_dDNlAWxCtLPsJml9n0U4nURSuNW5dXSzAxsUQ3BLNV5GtjpI3IiIG5n4_b_OlqD73W_OKajmltg4d497RgGyYzOeyJ9F2w88az-G6sq1N_26O5QYRube5caYYY7Vxid-WaqMyglecOK8jlYVK-XCBfHw_-tOHqzFcdSi2phUeDRrdgJQr9TTKUQJc9G0kjFyEZHKA9VICI87WtCNHGMb61c0zGPRHyLEDNEVBYhiHmCF32H8uCBMz6UERP9oiocC7VIzNiau_9_6p-iWwd-oJKwkVJJnve2LQtLxm0Lqqg" class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1fey0fg x1s688f" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/03/22/pence-trump-grand-jury/" rel="nofollow noreferrer" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/03/22/pence-trump-grand-jury/</a> ).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">P77 = Stefan Passantino (p. 151, WH Counsel’s office person “who handled ethics issues”; "former member of President Donald J. Trump’s Office of White House Counsel. In that capacity, Mr. Passantino was charged with overseeing compliance and ethics, policing conflicts of interest, and approving and enforcing ethics requirements" per the ethics complaint against him: <a attributionsrc="/privacy_sandbox/comet/register/source/?xt=AZW_7C-SZN6drucHiETBOFxsR448PonsfgW9aWzrkYyVc3RTqvTeOuLU8Mj_kIMeJUV3E0m4erg9fZoJcfZBKuwLIQRFBMS-TqffJMRL09Qe_Lr7-Xa0GWgmkYfaIHwBiIGuFsJIkTdxd_WHARolKUpk-VnZ8_y8o0x-sT-iJ4-NqXaV3iwuihIpI1ZhO-qpalKSJdADs5Nm7mPNuIb93nXPxoBBqOdiPBzIsg66ltDGG5pG-WURCjwuMgBhAGmGx7OnuqeqQGWAsGNCOHhrvLBxN3hrW-YedC89vvgOuJ0pa2eThkBIC7Ik0wPsUmKYEBR_dDNlAWxCtLPsJml9n0U4nURSuNW5dXSzAxsUQ3BLNV5GtjpI3IiIG5n4_b_OlqD73W_OKajmltg4d497RgGyYzOeyJ9F2w88az-G6sq1N_26O5QYRube5caYYY7Vxid-WaqMyglecOK8jlYVK-XCBfHw_-tOHqzFcdSi2phUeDRrdgJQr9TTKUQJc9G0kjFyEZHKA9VICI87WtCNHGMb61c0zGPRHyLEDNEVBYhiHmCF32H8uCBMz6UERP9oiocC7VIzNiau_9_6p-iWwd-oJKwkVJJnve2LQtLxm0Lqqg" class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n xd10rxx x1sy0etr x17r0tee x972fbf xcfux6l x1qhh985 xm0m39n x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz x1sur9pj xkrqix3 x1fey0fg x1s688f" href="https://ldad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Ethics-Complaint-against-Stefan-Passantino.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer" role="link" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: transparent; border-style: none; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 600; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://ldad.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Ethics-Complaint-against-Stefan-Passantino.pdf</a> ).</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC1 = Rudy Giuliani.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC2 = John Eastman.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC3 = Sidney Powell.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC4 = Jeffrey Clark.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC5 = Ken Chesebro.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">CC6 = Boris Epshteyn.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">C1 = Berkeley Research Group.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">C2 = Simpatico Software Systems.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">C3 = Dominion Voting Systems.</div><div dir="auto" style="background-color: #f0f2f5; color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, "system-ui", ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">[p. 73, no P#--unnamed US Senator is likely Ron Johnson of WI].</div><p>Corrections gladly accepted.</p> </p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author'> Posted by Lippard </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/10/whos-who-in-jack-smiths-presidential.html' title='permanent link'>10/07/2024 02:23:00 PM</a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/15453937/7557124264413569092' onclick=''>0 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1926897187'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15453937&postID=7557124264413569092&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, September 24, 2024</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <a name='4533078047892353624'></a> <h3 class='post-title'> <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/09/kevin-roberts-dog-killing-story.html'>Kevin Roberts' dog-killing story</a> </h3> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> <div class='post-body'> <p> <div style='float:right; margin-left:10px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> digg_url = 'https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/09/kevin-roberts-dog-killing-story.html'; </script> <script src="//digg.com/tools/diggthis.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <p> Kevin Roberts, the president of the Heritage Foundation and head of Trump's Project 2025, was previously a history professor at New Mexico State University. While at the university, he told colleagues and dinner guests that he was irritated by the barking of a neighbor's dog, so he killed it with a shovel. Kenneth Hammond, then chairman of the history department, told The Guardian:</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"></span></p><blockquote>My recollection of his account was that he was discussing in the hallway with various members of the faculty, including me, that a neighbor’s dog had been barking pretty relentlessly and was, you know, keeping the baby and probably the parents awake and that he kind of lost it and took a shovel and killed the dog. End of problem.</blockquote><p>Two other former colleagues report hearing the same story directly from Roberts; three others report hearing the story repeated from people who heard it directly from Roberts.</p><p>Roberts denies the story, claiming instead:</p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #121212; font-family: GuardianTextEgyptian, "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 17px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;">In 2004, a neighbor’s chained pit bull attempted to jump a fence into my backyard as I was gardening with my young daughter. Thankfully, the owner arrived in time to restrain the animal before it could get loose and attack us.</span> </blockquote><p> (Source: Stephanie Kirchgaessner, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/sep/24/project-2025-kevin-roberts-killed-dog">"Project 2025 mastermind allegedly told colleagues he killed a dog with a shovel," <i>The Guardian</i>, 24 September 2024</a>)</p><p>See the "conservative animal abuse" tag on this blog for several other accounts of prominent conservatives killing or abusing dogs and cats.</p><p></p> </p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author'> Posted by Lippard </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/09/kevin-roberts-dog-killing-story.html' title='permanent link'>9/24/2024 03:44:00 PM</a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/15453937/4533078047892353624' onclick=''>0 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1926897187'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15453937&postID=4533078047892353624&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/conservative%20animal%20abuse' rel='tag'>conservative animal abuse</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/dogs' rel='tag'>dogs</a> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Sunday, August 04, 2024</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <a name='7813762595565438830'></a> <h3 class='post-title'> <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/08/tips-on-using-openbsds-pledge-and.html'>Tips on using OpenBSD's pledge and unveil in perl scripts</a> </h3> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> <div class='post-body'> <p> <div style='float:right; margin-left:10px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> digg_url = 'https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/08/tips-on-using-openbsds-pledge-and.html'; </script> <script src="//digg.com/tools/diggthis.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <p> OpenBSD 5.9 (current as of this post is 7.5) introduced the "pledge" system call and 6.4 introduced the "unveil" system call, which together provide a means of more granular control of system access by processes running on the system to enforce least privilege.  When a program calls "pledge", it provides a list of categories of system calls (called "promises") that it is planning to make during the life of the running process (children have to make their own pledges and are not restricted), and attempts to make calls outside of those areas will cause the call to be blocked and the process to be killed. Additional calls to pledge cannot add new categories but it can remove them, so access can become more restrictive but not less restrictive.</p><p>  "Unveil," by contrast, selectively exposes parts of the file system, by file path, with specific access, and the rest of the file system is correspondingly "veiled" or blocked from access. Successive calls to unveil can expand or override previous ones, expanding access to the file system, adding write and create permissions where there was previously read only, but only until unveil is called with no arguments, which locks the current state in place. Further attempts to call unveil after that result in a violation.</p><p>Violations of pledges or attempts to access file paths that are not unveiled show up in process accounting logs for the process with the process flags "P" or "U", respectively.  (My "reportnew" log monitoring script knows how to monitor process accounting logs and can be easily set up to report on such violations.)</p><p>Perl scripts on OpenBSD can also use pledge and unveil, with two modules provided in the base operating system, "OpenBSD::Pledge" and "OpenBSD::Unveil".  I've been adding this functionality to several of my commonly used scripts and have learned a few tips that I'd like to share.</p><p>Pledge:</p><p>* Check your call to pledge for errors.  If you typo the name of a promise (category of system calls), or you provide pledge with a string of comma separated promises instead of an array or list, it will fail and nothing will be pledged.</p><p>* If you don't have any idea what promises are required, just use "error".  With the error promise, instead of blocking the system call and killing the process, the result is logged to /var/log/messages and you can see what promises are required.</p><p>* The "stdio" promise is always included with OpenBSD::Pledge, so you don't need to list it.</p><p>* The "unveil" promise is required if you intend to use OpenBSD::Unveil.</p><p>* Calls to exec or system require the "proc" and "exec" promises; the new processes created as a result are not restricted and need to make their own use of pledge and unveil.  (Note: this means that if you are calling a system command that writes to a file, but your script doesn't otherwise write to files, you do not need to pledge the "wpath" promise in your script.)</p><p>* If you otherwise fork a child process (e.g., explicitly using "fork" or Parallel::ForkManager or implicitly forking a child process using "open" to read from or write to a command), the promises pledged by the parent process are carried over to the child, which can then restrict them further. (Hat tip to Bryan Steele, who pointed this out on Bluesky without specifically referring to the Perl context.)</p><p>* If you use the DBI perl module with mariadb and are accessing a database through a named pipe on the same server, you'll need to pledge the "unix", "inet", and "prot_exec" promises. (This works even from a chroot jail if the named pipe or socket is a hard link from the jail.)</p><p>* This isn't a tip, but an observation: if you promise "proc" but not "exec," your system call will fail but your process will not be killed and the script will continue running.</p><p>Unveil:</p><p>* If you make use of other perl modules in your code with "use", they are loaded prior to your call to unveil and so you don't need to unveil directories like /usr/libdata/perl5 in order to use them. The exception is perl modules that include compiled shared objects (".so"), or which use "require" on other modules (loading them at runtime), in which case you do need unveil such directories, but only with "r" permission.</p><p>* If you use the DBI perl module with mariadb, you will need to unveil /var/run/mysql with "rw" and /usr/lib and /usr/local/lib with "rx".</p><p>* If you use calls to "system" or "open" which use pipes, globs, or file redirection, you need to unveil "/bin/sh" with "x" permission. You may be able to rewrite your code to avoid the requirement--can you call "system" with a command name and list of arguments rather than a string, and do any processing you need in your program instead of with the shell?</p><p>* If you use calls to "system" to execute system commands, you need to unveil them with "x" permission but in most cases you don't need to include "r".</p><p>* It is often much easier to unveil a directory rather than individual files; if you plan to check for the existence of a file and then create it if it doesn't exist, you need "rwc" on the containing directory.</p><p>* One of the biggest challenges sometimes is to find the source of an unveil violation; unveiling "/" with various permissions to see if it goes away, and then removing that and testing individual directories under the root directory in trial and error can help find things. That's how I first found the need to unveil "/bin/sh".</p><p><br /></p><p>Finally, if you are writing perl modules it's helpful to document which promises need to be pledged and files and directories need to be unveiled in the calling scripts in order for them to function. It would be inappropriate to pledge or unveil within the module except in a context like a forked child process. I've done this with my Signify.pm wrapper for the OpenBSD "signify" command for signing and verifying files with detached signatures or gzip archives with embedded signatures in the gzip header comments.</p><p>If you've made use of pledge and unveil--in perl scripts or otherwise--what lessons have you learned?</p><p><br /></p> </p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author'> Posted by Lippard </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/08/tips-on-using-openbsds-pledge-and.html' title='permanent link'>8/04/2024 10:26:00 AM</a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/15453937/7813762595565438830' onclick=''>0 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1926897187'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15453937&postID=7813762595565438830&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/cybersecurity' rel='tag'>cybersecurity</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/OpenBSD' rel='tag'>OpenBSD</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/security' rel='tag'>security</a>, <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/search/label/technology' rel='tag'>technology</a> </span> </p> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, May 14, 2024</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post'> <a name='160278069999630309'></a> <h3 class='post-title'> <a href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/05/wikipedia-on-robert-baker-plagiarism.html'>Wikipedia, Skeptical Inquirer, and AI on Robert A. Baker plagiarism accusations</a> </h3> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> <div class='post-body'> <p> <div style='float:right; margin-left:10px;'> <script type='text/javascript'> digg_url = 'https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/05/wikipedia-on-robert-baker-plagiarism.html'; </script> <script src="//digg.com/tools/diggthis.js" type="text/javascript"></script> </div> <p> The Wikipedia entry for University of Kentucky psychologist and skeptic Robert A. Baker recently (December 2023) restored a section on plagiarism accusations against him, which originated in a 1994 letter to the editor of <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> from Jody Hey and were compounded by further accusations by Terence Hines and by me the same year. Unfortunately, the Wikipedia entry currently leaves the debate the same way the <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> did in 1995, giving Baker the final word with a transparently false explanation.  Here's how the Wikipedia entry currently presents the issue:</p><p><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><blockquote><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">Readers of </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">, noticed in 1994 similarities between one of Baker's articles and William Grey's article </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Philosophy and the Paranormal, Part 2</i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">. After discovering this, Baker wrote to Grey apologizing for "forgetting both the direct quotation and the reference citation", he claims that it was an oversight. Grey publicly accepted Baker's apology in the </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Skeptical Inquirer</i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-wrap: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Baker#cite_note-20" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;">[20]</a></sup><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> In the following year, author </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_Hines" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Terence Hines">Terence Hines</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> accused Baker of unattributed quotations from an article by Melvin Harris and from his own book </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience_and_the_Paranormal" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Pseudoscience and the Paranormal">Pseudoscience and the Paranormal</a></i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-wrap: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Baker#cite_note-21" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;">[21]</a></sup><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> Baker responded in </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Skeptical Inquirer</i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">. stating that he used Melvin Harris' book </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">Investigating the Unexplained</i><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;"> as a source, rather than the article or Hines' book, and that he gave Harris credit but forgot the quotation marks.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-22" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; line-height: 1; text-wrap: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Baker#cite_note-22" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;">[22]</a></sup></blockquote><p>This description is faulty in that it omits most of the evidence and is inconsistent with it. The most detailed account can be found in <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/Bakerreport.txt">my 1994 report given to leaders at the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP, now the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry or CSI) and subsequently published in 1995 to Usenet and its update</a>. I've also assembled <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/Bakerchronology.html">a chronology of events</a> that led to my involvement and included legal threats from Baker, which I've now updated to include a letter from Paul Kurtz in his role as head of Prometheus Books noting that Baker's book <i>Hidden Memories</i> had been withdrawn from publication. While I've not exhaustively searched Baker's work, I found fairly consistent plagiarism in his books for Prometheus and his book reviews for <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> throughout his career as a skeptic.</p><p>The rest of this post will first show that Baker's claim to have used Harris as a source, but not Hines, is false--there is clear evidence that Baker plagiarized Hines, whose book he did not cite (and his text matches Harris's article rather than the book where they differ). Second, it will show the heaviest section of plagiarism I identified in another Baker book, <i>They Call It Hypnosis</i> (1990, Prometheus Books). Finally, it will show that Baker's institution defined research misconduct in a way that includes what he did, and that Baker's own writing shows that he understood this to be misconduct.</p><p>The exchange between Hines and Baker in the pages of the July/August 1995 <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> (pp. 44-46) focuses on a passage on p. 157 in chapter 4 of Baker's book, <i>Hidden Memories: Voices and Visions from Within</i> (1992, Prometheus Books) and its resemblance to a passage on p. 74 in Hines' book, <i>Pseudoscience and the Paranormal</i> (1988, Prometheus Books) where he quotes from p. 23 of an article by Melvin Harris, "Are 'Past-Life' Regressions Evidence of Reincarnation?", <i>Free Inquiry</i>, Fall 1986, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 18-23 (quotation marks as given in Hines):</p><p></p><blockquote>"...every single piece of information given by Jane Evans can be traced to de Wohl's fictional account. She uses his fictional sequences in exactly the same order and even speaks of his fictional characters, such as Curio and Valerius, as if they had been real."</blockquote><p></p><p>Hines notes that Baker uses nearly the same words in the same sequence, without quotation marks or references, on p. 157 of <i>Hidden Memories</i>:</p><p></p><blockquote>Every single piece of information given by Mrs. Evans could be traced to De Wohl's book, and Mrs. Evans used his fictional sequences in exactly the same order as he had, and even spoke of De Wohl's fictional characters, Curio and Valerius, as if they had been real.</blockquote><p></p><p>Here is how Harris makes the same statement on p. 162 of his book, <i>Investigating the Unexplained</i> (1986, Prometheus Books), which Baker claims is his source (italics in original):</p><p></p><blockquote>In the same way <i>every single piece of information</i> given out by Jane Evans can be traced to De Wohl's fictional account. She uses his fictional sequences in exactly the same order and even speaks of his fictional characters--such as Curio and Valerius--as if they were real people.</blockquote><p></p><p>Harris's article (p. 23):</p><p></p><blockquote>In the same way, every single piece of information given by Jane Evans can be traced to De Wohl's fictional account. She uses his fictional sequences in exactly the same order and even speaks of his fictional characters, such as Curio and Valerius, as if they were real people. </blockquote><p></p><p>Baker's wording omits the "out" in the first sentence, uses commas instead of hyphens, and doesn't use the italicization, all matching the article rather than the book.</p><p>Baker cites neither Harris nor Hines in the notes for chapter 4 of his book. He does mention Melvin Harris twice on the page with no citation and no attributed quotations, including once in the same paragraph as the above quotations. Baker's discussion of other cases earlier in the chapter differs from Hines and Harris--all three discuss Bridey Murphy, but Baker's case is more extensive than Harris or Hines. I suspect his sources may be identifiable from the other references he gives at the end of the book for the chapter.</p><p>But when it comes to Baker's discussion of Jane Evans, he engaged in more plagiarism of Hines, as can be seen by comparing his text to Hines and to Harris's article and book. Harris discusses the case extensively on pp. 155-163 of his book, while Hines' and Baker's discussions are each less than two pages long.</p><p>Here is what Baker writes (pp. 156-157), with exact word matches with Hines highlighted in yellow, and with Harris' article in orange (and I found no matches to Harris's book which did not also match the article):</p><p></p><blockquote>The second, and by far the most [Harris: much more] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">impressive</span>, was <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the case of</span> <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">a Welsh housewife named Jane Evans</span>, who <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">described six past lives</span> that <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">were remarkable for the</span> tremendous <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">amount of accurate historical detail </span>[Harris: amount of detail] they contained. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">In one of</span> the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">lives she was a maid</span> in the house <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">of </span>a <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">wealthy</span> [Baker, p. 157:] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">and powerful merchant in fifteenth-century France.</span> Mrs. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Evans</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">describe</span>d accurately the house and all of its furnishings in great detail, as well as the members of the merchant's family. She made one very <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">significant error</span> in her <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">account</span>, however. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">She</span> said the merchant <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">was</span> un<span style="background-color: #fcff01;">married</span> [Hines: not married] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">and had no children</span>. In truth <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">he was married and had five children</span>, circumstances no maid would be unaware of. The same failure to mention wife and children turned up in <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">a novel </span>that had been written about the merchant, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">titled <i>The Moneyman</i> by Thomas B. Costain</span> (1948). According to Melvin <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Harris</span>, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">who</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">investigated</span> the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">case</span>, the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">evidence</span> is <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">overwhelming</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">that this book</span> was <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the</span> source of all of Mrs. Evan's [sic; Hines: basis for Evans's] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">"memories" of her life in fifteenth-century France.</span></blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote>   <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">In</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">another life</span> that she reported, Mrs. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Evans was a woman</span> named Livonia, who lived during <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the Roman occupation of Britain.</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Her</span> account [Hines: knowledge] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">of</span> the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">historical facts</span> <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">of </span>this [Hines: that] period was so accurate that authorities [Harris: authority] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">on Roman Britain</span> were astounded. Again, however, there were a few factual errors. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Her</span> knowledge [Hines: information] of the period was traced to the 1947 <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">best-selling novel</span> <i style="background-color: #fcff01;">The Living Wood</i> by Louis <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">De Wohl</span>. <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">Every single piece of information given by </span>Mrs. <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">Evans</span> could <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">be traced to De Wohl's</span> book, and Mrs. Evans used [Hines, Harris: she uses] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">his fictional sequences in exactly the same order</span> as he had, <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">and even</span> spoke [Hines, Harris: speaks] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">of</span> De Wohl's [Hines, Harris: his] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">fictional characters,</span> <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">Curio and Valerius,</span> <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">as if they</span> had been [Hines, Harris: were] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">real</span>. The historical errors in Mrs. Evan's [sic] account were also found in the book. As Harris clearly demonstrated, Mrs. <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">Evans</span> had [Harris: had] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">the ability to store vivid stories in her subconscious and </span>then <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">creatively combine and edit them to the point </span>that [Harris: where] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">she</span> herself became [Harris: becomes] a [Harris: one of the] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">character</span> in the story [Harris: involved].</blockquote><p></p><p>This last sentence is another in which Baker follows Harris's article more closely than his book, which suggests Baker used the article in addition to Hines (who doesn't quote this sentence).  Harris's book (p. 161) says "... Jane Evans has the ability to subconsciously store vivid accounts and combine and edit these creatively--to the point where she becomes one of the characters involved." The article (p. 22) says "...Jane Evans has the ability to store vivid tories in her subconscious and creatively combine and edit them to the point where she becomes one of the characters involved."</p><p>Overall, Baker follows Hines more closely than Harris, and when there are discrepancies between Harris's article and book, Baker follows the article.  While Harris names the maid (Alison), neither Hines nor Baker do. In structure, after introducing the maid, Hines and Baker mention Evans' description of the house and furnishings, but Harris only mentions that after describing Evans' "inside-knowledge of the intrigues surrounding the King's mistress, Agnes Sorel," which Hines and Baker omit. The sentences from Hines and Baker that immediately follow the house and furnishings differ slightly in wording but are strikingly similar:</p><p>Hines (p. 73): "Evans' account of her life in Coeur's house contains one most puzzling, and significant error. She says he was not married and had no children. But he was married and had five children--not the sort of thing the maid would be likely to overlook."</p><p>Baker (p. 157): "She made one very significant error in her acccount, however. She said the merchant was unmarried and had no children. In truth he was married and had five children, circumstances no maid would be unaware of."</p><p>Harris, by contrast, is quite different (p. 22): "In particular, the novel very neatly answers an important question raised by Iverson and other commentators: Why doesn't Alison know that her master is married? As Iverson puts it: 'How is it that this girl can know Coeur had an Egyption bodyslave and not be aware that he was married with five children?--a published fact in every historical account of Coeur's life?...If the explanation for the entire regression is a reading of history books in the twentieth century, then I cannot explain how Bloxham's subject would not know of the marriage.'"</p><p> </p><div class="page" title="Page 5"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>For completeness, here's Harris's book, which differs very slightly (p. 158): "In particular, the novel very neatly answers an important question raised by Iverson and other commentators--a question prompted by the curious fact that Alison does not know that her master is married! As Iverson puts it: 'How is it that this girl can know Coeur had an Egyptian bodyslave and not be aware that he was married with five children?--a fact published in every historical account of Coeur's life? ... If the explanation for the entire regression is a reading of history books in the twentieth century, then I cannot explain how Bloxham's subject would not know of the marriage.'"</p><p>In short, Baker plagiarized Hines and Harris, and his explanation is not consistent with the facts, with the truth revealed in much the same way as the truth was revealed about Evans' stories being sourced from fiction.</p></div></div></div><p>Next, we turn to Baker's <i>They Call It Hypnosis</i>, where Baker repeatedly plagiarized sources word-for-word without quotation marks, sometimes referencing them in the chapters where used, sometimes not referencing them in the chapter, and sometimes not referencing them at all (see <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/Bakerreport.txt">my full report</a> for more examples of each). In these examples, Baker lifts from work by Nicholas P. Spanos, by Spanos and co-author John F. Chaves, and by Irving Kirsch and James R. Council, with his only original contributions being some introductory or connecting phrases and substitution of synonyms. Here is what appears on pp. 129-131 of <i>They Call It Hypnosis</i>, part of chapter three titled "Hypnosis: Recent and Contemporary Views," with highlights indicating word-for-word plagiarism from the sources used:</p><p></p><blockquote><p>     [Baker, p. 129] Overall, Spanos's position on hypnosis is very clear. He argues that, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">despite widespread belief to the contrary, hypnotic procedures do not greatly augment responsiveness to suggestions. Nonhypnotic control subjects who have been encouraged to do their best respond just as well as hypnotic subjects to suggestions for pain reduction, amnesia, age regression, hallucination, limb rigidity,</span> etc. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Hypnotic procedures</span>, he says, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">are no more effective than nonhypnotic relaxation procedures at</span> reducing [Spanos: lowering] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">blood pressure and muscle tension or</span> affecting [Spanos: effecting] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">other behavioral, physiological, or verbal report indicators of relaxation. Hypnotic procedures are no more effective than various nonhypnotic procedures at enhancing imagery vividness or at facilitating therapeutic change for such problems as chronic pain, phobic response, cigarette smoking, etc. The available scientific evidence</span> that Spanos and his collaborators have compiled <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">fails to support the notion that hypnotic procedures bring about unique or highly unusual states of consciousness or that these procedures facilitate responsiveness to suggestion to any greater extent than nonhypnotic procedures that enhance positive motivation and expectation. </span>[Spanos, p. 175]</p><p>     Spanos also notes that <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">hypnotic suggestions do not directly instruct the subject to do anything. Instead,</span> they [Spanos: suggestions] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">are</span> usually <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">phrased in the passive voice and imply that something is happening;</span> for example [Spanos: e.g.], <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">"Your arm is rising," instead of "Raise your arm."</span> The [Spanos: This] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">passive phrasing communicates the idea that the suggested effects are</span> occurring [Spanos: happening] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">automatically. In other words,</span> the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">hypnotic suggestions are</span> really <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">tacit requests</span> to the subject <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">to become </span>[Baker, p. 130 begins:]<span style="background-color: #fcff01;"> involved in</span> a <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">make-believe</span> activity. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Good hypnotic subjects understand</span> this [Spanos: the implications of these tacit requests] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">and use their imaginative abilities and acting skills to become absorbed in the make-believe</span> activities [Spanos: scenarios]. Spanos notes that <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the method actor who throws himself into the role</span> is the analogue of the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">good hypnotic subject</span> who <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">throw</span>s himself [Spanos: themselves] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">into generating the experiences relevant to</span> his [Spanos: their] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">role as</span> someone who is <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">hypnotized and responsive to suggestions</span>. [Spanos, pp. 175-176]</p><p>     Spanos and his collaborators have looked closely at hypnotic age regression and have demonstrated that regressed s<span style="background-color: #fcff01;">ubjects do not, in any real sense, take on the cognitive, perceptual, or emotional characteristics of actual children. Instead of behaving like real children, age regressed subjects behave the way they believe children behave. To the extent that their expectations about how children behave are inaccurate, their age regression performances</span> also <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">are off the mark.</span> Simply put, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">age regression suggestions are invitations to become involved in</span> the [Spanos: this] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">make-believe game of being a child</span> again. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">People who accept the invitation do not, in any literal sense, revert psychologically to childhood. Instead, they use whatever they know about real children, whatever they remember from their own childhood, to temporarily become absorbed in the fantasy of being a child again. </span>[Spanos, p. 176]</p><p>     <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Just as subjects can be given suggestions for age regression, amnesia, or pain reduction,</span> Spanos says <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">they can also be led to believe that they possess "hidden selves."</span> When Hilgard's <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">good hypnotic subjects were</span> told [Spanos: informed] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">that they possessed hidden selves they normally were unaware of--but </span>to which <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the experimenter could talk</span> when he gave [Spanos: by giving] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the</span> proper [Spanos: appropriate] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">signals--many of</span> them [Spanos: these subjects], <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">when the signals</span> were given [Spanos: they received], acted [Spanos: behaved] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">as if they</span> did have alternate egos [Spanos: possessed secondary selves]. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Hilgard</span> interpreted this as indicating [Spanos: interpret such findings to mean] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">that good hypnotic subjects carry around unconscious hidden selves with certain intrinsic, unsuggested characteristics.</span> Spanos counters this by pointing out that the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">evidence</span> shows these [Spanos: indicates instead that] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">so-called hidden selves are neither intrinsic to hypnotic procedures nor unsuggested.</span> On <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the contrary, hidden self-performances--like other suggested responses--appear to reflect attempts by motivated and imaginative subjects to create the experiences and</span> role-play the behaviors [Spanos: role behaviors] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">called for by the instructions they are given. By</span> the experimenter <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">varying</span> these [Spanos: such] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">instructions, </span>the <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">subjects can be easily led to develop hidden selves with whatever characteristics the experimenters</span> desire [Spanos: wish]. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Depending upon the instructions given, good hypnotic subjects will</span> act out [Spanos: enact] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">hidden selves</span> reporting [Spanos: that report] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">very high levels of pain, very low levels of pain, or both high and low levels of pain in succession. Subjects can also be led to act as if they possess hidden selves that can remember concrete but not abstract words, or the opposite; or they can report</span> seeing [Spanos: that see] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">stimuli accurately,</span> seeing them [Spanos: see stimuli] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">in reverse, or</span> not seeing them [Spanos: don't see stimuli] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">at all</span>; as the experimenter wishes. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">In short,</span> the subjects are [Spanos: subject is] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">acting out a fantasy</span> which <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">is initiated by the suggestions of the hypnotist. </span>Then the fantasy <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">is imaginatively elaborated upon and sustained by the subject</span> and his interactions with <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">the hypnotist. </span>[Spanos, pp. 176-177]</p></blockquote><p></p><blockquote>     [Baker, p. 131 begins:] Spanos has also carried out studies of past-life regression, and in agreement with the findings of other researchers, his work <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">indicates that past-life reports from hypnotically regressed subjects are fantasy constructions of imaginative subjects who are willing to become absorbed in the make-believe situation implied by the regression suggestions.</span> As expected, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">subjects who responded well to other hypnotic suggestions were the</span> most <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">likely to respond</span> well <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">to regression suggestions. Those with the most practice at vivid daydreaming and everyday fantasizing</span>, i.e., the fantasy-prone, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">created the most vivid past-life fantasies.</span> In the same manner as childhood regressees, <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">past-life reporters incorporate historical misinformation into their past</span> lives [Spanos: -life enactments]. <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">Those who</span> from the outset <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">believed in reincarnation</span> thought <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">their past</span> lives were true [Spanos: -life experiences were veridical] <span style="background-color: #fcff01;">rather than imaginary.</span> A lengthier discussion of this topic and other paranormal hypnotic beliefs will be found in a later chapter. [Spanos, p. 179]</blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote>     By no means, however, does Spanos see the problem of hypnosis as solved. New knowledge leads us to new unknowns and in the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">well-known and pronounced effects of suggestion on the human body there are many unsolved problems. The suggestion-induced disappearance of warts, for example, is just such a dilemma. Spanos's own work has shown that neither a hypnotic induction nor preliminary instructions for relaxation add to the effectiveness of imagery-based suggestions in producing wart regression.</span> Nor can <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">the effects of suggestion be accounted for simply in terms of enhanced expectancies. Subjects given placebos and those given suggestions reported equivalent expectations of treatment success, but </span>the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">suggestions were</span> much <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">more effective than</span> the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">placebos</span> in [Spanos & Chaves: at] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">producing wart regression.</span> The <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">suggestions, however, were not effective with all</span> the <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">subjects. They were most effective</span>, Spanos reports, with <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">subjects who</span> had [Spanos & Chaves: possessed] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">multiple warts</span> rather than [Spanos & Chaves: as opposed to] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">single wart</span>s. <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">Those who rated their suggested imagery as</span> especially [Spanos & Chaves: relatively] <span style="background-color: #ffa400;">vivid</span> also had better results. [Spanos & Chaves, pp. 445-446]</blockquote><p></p><p></p><p>At this point, Baker says "Spanos concludes that" followed by a large block of correctly cited and quoted text from Spanos & Chaves p. 446 that fills the rest of p. 131, with a concluding sentence on p. 132 that appears to be original. Baker goes on in pp. 132-134 to describes the views of Irving Kirsch under the heading "Irving Kirsch and Response Expectancy in Hypnotic Behavior," with an original opening paragraph that cites Irving Kirsch, "Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior," <i>American Psychologist</i> 1985, vol. 40, pp. 1189-1202, a source he does not plagiarize. But he goes on to plagiarize a source that he cites nowhere in his book, Kirsch & Council's chapter from Spanos & Chaves' book (which book he does list as a reference at the end of the chapter, but doesn't cite in the section). There is more original content in this section, and more extensive rewriting, but the level of plagiarism increases as it goes on:</p><p></p><blockquote>[Baker, p. 132:] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">In the</span> latter part of the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">nineteenth century, Albert Moll</span> argued [Kirsch & Council, p. 360: maintained] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">that</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnotic behavior</span> was <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">determine</span>d by <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">two</span> basic <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">principles: 1)</span> people [Kirsch & Council, quoting Moss, 1897, p. 241: men] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">have a certain proneness to allow themselves to be influenced by others through their ideas, and in particular, to believe much without making conscious logical deductions; 2) a psychological effect tends to appear in a</span> person [Kirsch & Council, quoting Moss, 1897: man] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">if he is expecting it.</span> Moll also was able to cause his [Kirsch & Council: elicit hallucinations by leading] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">blindfolded subjects</span> to <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hallucinat</span>e when he told them [Kirsch & Council: to believe] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">they were being mesmerized</span>.</blockquote><p></p><blockquote>   <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Moll'</span>s giving expectancy a role in the production of hypnotic phenomena <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">anticipated</span> Kirsch's thinking that <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">response expectancies</span> cause [Kirsch & Council, p. 361: generate corresponding] the individual to have internal <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">subjective experiences</span> which then cause [Kirsch & Council: and their] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">behavior</span> [Kirsch & Council: behavioral and physiological correlates]. A very clear [Kirsch & Council: particularly apparent] example of this is the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">placebo</span> effect. When the patient is given a sugar pill but is told or believes it is a powerful pain killer, miraculously, because of his expectancies, the pain goes away! As for hypnosis, according to Kirsch, <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the occurrence of a hypnotic response is a function of the subject's expectancy that it will occur.</span> Once the subject has learned how a hypnotized subject is supposed to react and what he can expect to happen when he is hypnotized, then the hypnotic responses occur automatically, i.e., without conscious effort on the subject's part. Emotional reactions--fear, sadness, sexual arousal, pain--are good examples of automatic responses. Acrophobics, for example, will avoid tall buildings, cliffs, ferris wheels, etc., because of their expectancy that not doing so would result in a panic attack. </blockquote><p></p><blockquote>   Various other evidence [Kirsch & Council, p. 362: A considerable body of data] is available to <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">demonstrate that</span> automatic [Kirsch & Council: nonvolitional] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">responses can be</span> brought about [Kirsch & Council: elicited] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">by the</span> mere <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">expectancy of their occurrence</span>. Both hypnosis and placebos are effective in treating pain, skin conditions, and asthma, and it seems reasonable to assume that the same mechanism, namely, response expectancy, produces these responses in both hypnosis [Baker, p. 133:] and the nonhypnosis situations. Telling subjects [Kirsch & Council, p. 364: informing them] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">they</span> have received [Kirsch & Council: were ingesting] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">a</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">psychedelic</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">drug</span> that will produce <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hallucinations</span> causes <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">about</span> half [Kirsch & Council: 50 percent] to <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">report</span> visions, even though no drug was given. Subjects [Kirsch & Council: people] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">who are told</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">that hypnotized subjects</span> can't move their [Kirsch & Council: display catalepsy of the] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">dominant arm are likely to experience this effect when hypnotized</span>, <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">and being</span> told [Kirsch & Council: informed] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">that</span> inability to remember, i.e., <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">spontaneous amnesia, is characteristic of hypnosis significantly increase</span>s <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the likelihood of its occurrence</span>. When subjects were told that either the ability or <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the inability to resist</span> responding to <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">suggestions</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">was characteristic of deep hypnosis</span>, they responded accordingly.</blockquote><p></p><blockquote>   <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Besides affecting overt responses, role perceptions are</span> an i<span style="background-color: #04ff00;">mportant determinant of self-reported experiences of altered states of consciousness</span>. <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">In a</span> number [Kirsch & Council, p. 365: series] of <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">studies</span> it was shown [Kirsch & Council: this has been convincingly demonstrated] that <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the degree of change in state of consciousness</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">subjects expected to experience significantly predicted the number of unsuggested alterations in experience</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">they subsequently reported.</span> Moreover, the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">data</span> from these studies indicate [Kirsch & Council, p. 366: suggest] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">that</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">no particular state of consciousness can be labeled a "hypnotic trance." Rather,</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">a variety of changes in experience</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">are interpreted</span> by the subject <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">as evidence of trance when</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">experienced in a hypnotic context. Some of these are directly suggested in typical</span> hypnotic <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">induction</span>--<span style="background-color: #04ff00;">relaxation</span>, for example [Kirsch & Council, p. 367: e.g.]--whereas <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">others occur as a function of the subject's preconceptions.</span> How the subject perceives the situation pretty much determines how effective the situation will be in producing hypnosis. <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Just hearing the words</span>, <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">"You are becoming very, very relaxed,"</span> is enough <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">in our culture</span> to make <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">most people</span> think [Kirsch & Council, p. 368: evokes the idea] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">of hypnosis</span>. <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Glass and Barber (1961)</span> a few years ago set up [Kirsch & Council: devised] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">a highly credible</span> clinical environment and told <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">subjects</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">an inert pill </span>was <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">a powerful hypnotic drug</span> which <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">would produce a state of hypnosis</span>. In <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">this</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">setting</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">pill was as effective as a standard hypnotic induction</span> procedure <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">in</span> effecting [Kirsch & Council: raising levels of] the subject's <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">response</span>s <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">to suggestion</span>.</blockquote><p>The rest of p. 133 of Baker is two original sentences that introduce a large block of text (five full sentences) properly identified as quotation and attributed to the Spanos & Chaves book without a page reference; it is from p. 371 in the Kirsch & Council chapter. Baker p. 134 completes the Kirsch section:</p><p></p><blockquote><span style="background-color: #04ff00;">According to</span> Kirsch's [Kirsch & Council, p. 371: expectancy] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">theory, the probability of occurrence of a nonvolitional response varies directly with the strength of the expectancy of the occurrence and inversely with the magnitude or difficulty of the expected response. </span>[Baker has removed Kirsch & Council's quotation marks before "the probability"; the rest of the sentence is a direct quote from Kirsch's 1985 paper.]</blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote>   <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Trance induction procedures are</span>, of course, <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">typically designed</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">to increase the subject's expectancies for responding to suggestions</span>, and <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">in</span> the Ericksonian approach [Kirsch & Council: clinical practice] the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnotist</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">tailor</span>s his <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">induction</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">to the characteristics and ongoing behavior of</span> the client [Kirsch & Council: individual subjects]. Kirsch sees most <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnotic induction</span> procedures <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">as</span> merely <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">expectancy modification procedures.</span></blockquote><p></p><blockquote>   Kirsch's <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">response expectancy</span> theory [Kirsch & Council, p. 374: hypothesis] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">is generally consistent with </span>the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">nonstate theories</span> of <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Sarbin</span>, <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Barber</span>, Wagstaff, and <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Spanos</span>. <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">All</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">agree</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">that hypnotic responses</span> are best seen [Kirsch & Council: can be conceptualized] <span style="color: #04ff00;">as</span> compliance, belief, and imagination [Kirsch & Council: believed-in imaginings], <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">and that</span> the hypnosis <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">experience</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">occur</span>s <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">when people voluntarily</span> play [Kirsch & Council: take on] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the role of hypnotic subject.</span> One key difference between Kirsch's theory and others is that his response <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">expectancies are</span> the <i style="background-color: #04ff00;">immediate</i> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">causes of</span> the <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnotic response.</span> Rather than having <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">goal-directed image</span>s enhancing hypnosis, as Barber suggests, Kirsch has shown that the imagery <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">enhances responsiveness by virtue of its effects on expectancy.</span> Kirsch has also shown that not all so-called <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnotic phenomena</span> are under a subject's will power or self-control [Kirsch & Council, p. 378: cannot be fully accounted for as volitional behavior]. <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">Warts</span>, for example, can be affected both by <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">placebos</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">and</span> by <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">hypnosis</span>, and such <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">changes in skin conditions are not under one's voluntary control.</span> Kirsch notes that <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">one could offer subjects a substantial sum of money to make their warts disappear, but it is</span> highly <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">unlikely that many</span> subjects <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">would be able to do so.</span></blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote>This phenomenon <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">also</span> <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">clearly</span> shows [Kirsch & Council, p. 378: demonstrates] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">the commonality between</span> hypnosis [Kirsch & Council: hypnotic phenomena] <span style="background-color: #04ff00;">and placebo effects. Both are examples of the nonvolitional nature of response expectancy effects.</span> Kirsch's observation raises another point of significance--the fact that we must realize that not everything that happens to the human being as a result of external stimulation is or should be considered hypnosis! Suggestion is a very powerful influence on human behavior and it can influence human behavior in many different ways, only a very few of which we would or should designate as "hypnotic."</blockquote><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Yellow highlight: Nicholas P. Spanos, "Past-Life Hypnotic Regression: A Critical View," <i>Skeptical Inquirer </i>vol. 12, no. 2, Winter 1987-88, pp. 174-180. Not listed as a reference in chapter three, but is listed as a reference in chapter six.</p><p>Orange highlight: Nicholas P. Spanos and John F. Chaves, <i>Hypnosis: The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective,</i> 1989, Prometheus Books. This is listed as a reference in chapter three, but is not cited in the section where it is plagiarized, but instead on p. 129 a few paragraphs before the plagiarism of the Spanos <i>SI </i>article (yellow highlight).</p><p>Green highlight: Irving Kirsch and James R. Council, "Response Expectancy as a Determinant of Hypnotic Behavior," in Spanos & Chaves (1989), pp. 360-379. This chapter is not listed as a reference in the book.</p><p>I <a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R1QYXVZ1N65OLC?ref=pf_ov_at_pdctrvw_srp">reviewed Baker's <i>They Call It Hypnosis</i> for Amazon.com</a> on November 18, 1996, and gave it four stars; I might subtract another star today and say more about its giving state theories short shrift, but otherwise I still agree with this:</p><p><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;"></span></p><blockquote><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">This book is an excellent summary of theories of hypnosis</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">with an emphasis on criticisms of state theories. The</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">author argues for social/cognitive non-state theories.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">The book is marred only by the fact that many passages</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">are lifted directly from the authors being summarized,</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-family: "Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;" /><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;">without being noted as such.</span></blockquote><span face=""Amazon Ember", Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #0f1111; font-size: 14px;"></span><p></p><p>Finally, here is the definition of research misconduct from the University of Kentucky's "Policy on Ethical Standards and Misconduct in Research" (64.0 AR II-4.0-2) from 1992:</p><pre style="overflow-wrap: break-word; text-wrap: wrap;"><blockquote>Research "misconduct", as used herein, is defined as plagiarism; fabrication or intentional falsification of data, research procedures or data analysis; or other deliberate misrepresentation in proposing, conducting, reporting, or reviewing research. It does not include honest error or honest differences in interpretations or judgments of data. In cases of allegations involving activities submitted to or supported by a federal agency, the definition for misconduct specified in the agency's regulations will apply.</blockquote></pre>This policy was referenced in the faculty handbook section on "The Conduct of Research" in the paragraph on "Ethical Standards"; these are quoted more extensively in <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/Bakerreport.txt">my full report</a>. Baker was certainly aware of these in substance, as the following appears on p. 297 of Robert A. Baker and Joe Nickell's book, <i>Missing Pieces: How to Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, and Other Mysteries</i> (1992, Prometheus Books):<div><pre style="overflow-wrap: break-word; text-wrap: wrap;"><blockquote>Another question that is bound to arise has to do with rewriting and paraphrasing. The courts once again have uniformly decided that it makes no difference whether the plagiarizer changes the arrangement of the original words or not--rewriting the material is not sufficient to aid the charge of infringement. ... More importantly, even if the use of the words and statements of another is totally honest, unintentional, or subconscious, it is still prohibited. Neither forgetfulness nor ignorance is regarded as a legitimate excuse. If, however, it was an honest and unintentional mistake, and no intent to plagiarize was in mind, the infringer usually gets off with a lesser punishment.</blockquote></pre><p></p><div>Baker's response to these allegations was at first to attack and concede nothing. He <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/baker-response.html">suggested that he was going to sue me for defamation</a>, and enlisted the help of others who attempted to discredit me (see <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/baker-mcgaha.html">my letter to Tucson skeptic James McGaha</a>). Ultimately, after psychologist Terence Hines, another prominent skeptic, was prepared to submit his book review of Baker's <i>Hidden Memories</i>, rejected by <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i>, to competing publication <i>Skeptic</i> magazine,  <i>SI </i>editor Kendrick Frazier relented and published the review along with Baker's reply. Baker fell back to the claim that his plagiarism was minor and unintentional, while resorting to falsehoods to attempt to prop up that explanation, as explained above. At this point, CSICOP founder and Prometheus Books head Paul Kurtz sent me <a href="https://www.discord.org/lippard/1994-Sep-Oct-Kurtz-Lippard-on-Baker-addrredacted.pdf">a letter stating that <i>Hidden Memories</i> had been pulled from distribution</a> and would not be reissued until corrections had been made; I replied noting that there were bigger problems in <i>They Call It Hypnosis</i>, but received no response.</div></div><div><br /></div><div>Robert Baker was added to <a href="https://skepticalinquirer.org/pantheon-of-skeptics/">the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry's Pantheon of Skeptics</a> honoring distinguished Fellows of the organization on its creation in 2011.</div><div><br /></div><div><i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> and Wikipedia, at least to date, both gave Baker's falsehoods the final word. And perhaps the more interesting back story here is that Wikipedia is wrong because <i>Skeptical Inquirer</i> is wrong, but <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_A._Baker#Plagiarism_controversy">the reason Wikipedia only even mentioned Baker's plagiarism at all in December 2023</a> is because a Wikipedia editor with no dog in the fight, "Psychologist Guy," intervened and restored an old edit of the article to include the mention, which had been removed in 2018 by another Wikipedia editor, "Niomart," with the false justification that "<span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;">No valid source substantiating plagiarism claims</span>".</div><div><br /></div><div>As the Internet becomes more and more filled with AI-generated content, there will be sources with superficial plausibility generated by large language models, there will be sources that are human-curated and based on genuine research and fact-checking, and there will be sources that are human-curated and ideologically driven that settle on acceptable half-truths concealing messy details. OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5 says it knows nothing of plagiarism by Robert A. Baker:</div><br /><b><blockquote>Did Robert A. Baker's 1992 book, Hidden Memories (pp. 156-157), plagiarize from Terence Hines' 1988 book Investigating the Unexplained (pp. 73-75)?</blockquote></b><div><blockquote>As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I do not have specific information regarding an allegation of plagiarism between Robert A. Baker's book "Hidden Memories" and Terence Hines' book "Investigating the Unexplained" related to the pages specified. Therefore, I cannot definitively answer whether Baker's book plagiarized from Hines' book.</blockquote></div><div><blockquote>To investigate this further and obtain accurate information, I would recommend checking scholarly resources, academic databases, or reputable sources that discuss these books and any related allegations of plagiarism. You might also look into academic discussions or reviews of both books to see if there are any mentions of such accusations and their resolution.</blockquote><div>Google Gemini quotes from and cites Wikipedia as the final word:</div><div><user-query _ngcontent-ng-c999191820="" _nghost-ng-c2409591572="" class="ng-tns-c999191820-1 ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2409591572="" class="user-query-container ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c2409591572="" class="query-content" id="user-query-content-3"><h2 _ngcontent-ng-c2409591572="" class="query-text ng-star-inserted" dir="ltr"><blockquote>Was Robert A. Baker ever accused of plagiarism, or of failure to properly cite quotations and sources?</blockquote></h2></div></div></user-query><model-response _ngcontent-ng-c999191820="" _nghost-ng-c3188186580="" class="ng-tns-c999191820-1 ng-star-inserted"><div _ngcontent-ng-c4265644239="" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" class="mat-mdc-menu-trigger playback-speed-menu-trigger multi" role="menu"><mat-menu _ngcontent-ng-c4265644239="" class="ng-star-inserted" xposition="after" yposition="below"></mat-menu></div></model-response></div><div><p data-sourcepos="1:1-1:128"></p><blockquote>Yes, Robert A. Baker did face accusations of plagiarism in the past according to his Wikipedia page [Robert A. Baker Wikipedia].</blockquote><p></p><p data-sourcepos="3:1-3:34"></p><blockquote><p data-sourcepos="3:1-3:34">Here's a summary of the incidents:</p><ul data-sourcepos="5:1-7:1"> <li data-sourcepos="5:1-5:163">In 1994, readers of Skeptical Inquirer identified similarities between Baker's article and another author's work. Baker apologized, claiming it was an oversight.</li> <li data-sourcepos="6:1-7:1">The following year, another author pointed out unattributed quotes in Baker's writing. Baker defended himself by saying he used the original source but forgot quotation marks.</li></ul></blockquote></div></div> </p> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <p class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-author'> Posted by Lippard </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2024/05/wikipedia-on-robert-baker-plagiarism.html' title='permanent link'>5/14/2024 06:22:00 PM</a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/15453937/160278069999630309' onclick=''>0 comments</a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1926897187'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=15453937&postID=160278069999630309&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> 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href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2014/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2014/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2013/'> 2013 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2013/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2013/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2013/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2013/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2012/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2011/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(39)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2010/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(189)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(20)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(28)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(18)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(13)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(16)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(19)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2009/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/'> 2008 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(501)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(32)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(16)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(29)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(43)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(64)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(56)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(48)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(45)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(79)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(43)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(30)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2008/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(16)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/'> 2007 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(460)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(29)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(32)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(35)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(37)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(42)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(35)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(46)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(37)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(15)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(54)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(50)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2007/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(48)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2006/'> 2006 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(626)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2006/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(53)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a 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</ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/'> 2005 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(194)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(68)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(37)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(48)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(25)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://lippard.blogspot.com/2005/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(16)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML10'> <h2 class='title'>Recent Comments</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <script style="text/javascript" src="//www.discord.org/lippard/widgetcomments.js"></script><script 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