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<span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subspecies_and_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspecies_and_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Subspecies and species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspecies_and_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fossil_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fossil_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Fossil record</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fossil_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Genomics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Behaviour and ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour and ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_spacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_spacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Social spacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_spacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet_and_feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet_and_feeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Diet and feeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet_and_feeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction_and_parenting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction_and_parenting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Reproduction and parenting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction_and_parenting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortality_and_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortality_and_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Mortality and diseases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortality_and_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Threats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conservation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_captivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_captivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>In captivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_captivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Red panda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooipanda" title="Rooipanda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rooipanda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="باندا أحمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باندا أحمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="ৰঙা পাণ্ডা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰঙা পাণ্ডা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="ГьитӀинаб панда – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГьитӀинаб панда" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A7ik_panda" title="Kiçik panda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kiçik panda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ایلوروس فولقنس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلوروس فولقنس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE" title="লাল পান্ডা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লাল পান্ডা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Чырвоная панда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чырвоная панда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Чырвоная панда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чырвоная панда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Червена панда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Червена панда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="བྱི་ལ་དོམ་ཆུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱི་ལ་དོམ་ཆུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_ruz" title="Panda ruz – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Panda ruz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_vermell_com%C3%BA" title="Panda vermell comú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Panda vermell comú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_%C4%8Derven%C3%A1" title="Panda červená – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panda červená" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_Coch" title="Panda Coch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Panda Coch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8d_panda" title="Rød panda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rød panda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westlicher_Kleiner_Panda" title="Westlicher Kleiner Panda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Westlicher Kleiner Panda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinl%C3%A1tah_shash_%C5%82ich%C3%AD%CA%BC%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tsinlátah shash łichíʼígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsinlátah shash łichíʼígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82ki_panda" title="Małki panda – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Małki panda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར། – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར།" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punapanda" title="Punapanda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Punapanda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Κόκκινο πάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόκκινο πάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malgranda_pando" title="Malgranda pando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malgranda pando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_gorri" title="Panda gorri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panda gorri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AE" title="پاندای سرخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاندای سرخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_rua" title="Panda rua – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Panda rua" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_panda" title="Küçük panda – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Küçük panda" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_vermello" title="Panda vermello – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Panda vermello" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="રાતો પાંડા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાતો પાંડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%84%9C%ED%8C%90%EB%8B%A4" title="레서판다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레서판다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%84%D6%80_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Փոքր պանդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոքր պանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="लाल पांडा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लाल पांडा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82ki_panda" title="Małki panda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Małki panda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crveni_panda" title="Crveni panda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Crveni panda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_merah" title="Panda merah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Panda merah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rau%C3%B0panda" title="Rauðpanda – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rauðpanda" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פנדה אדומה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פנדה אדומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_abang" title="Panda abang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Panda abang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="პატარა პანდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პატარა პანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Кіші панда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кіші панда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodarol_(Ailurus_fulgens)" title="Kodarol (Ailurus fulgens) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kodarol (Ailurus fulgens)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Панда – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Панда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Изи панда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Изи панда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="ЧӀириссар панда – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЧӀириссар панда" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkan%C4%81_panda" title="Sarkanā panda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanā panda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="ГъвечӀи панда – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ГъвечӀи панда" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%BEoji_panda" title="Mažoji panda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mažoji panda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cionmau_la_xunre" title="cionmau la xunre – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cionmau la xunre" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s_macskamedve" title="Vörös macskamedve – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vörös macskamedve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Црвена панда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црвена панда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="ചെമ്പൻ പാണ്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെമ്പൻ പാണ്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="तांबडा पांडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तांबडा पांडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="მორჩილი პანდა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მორჩილი პანდა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="باندا احمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باندا احمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_merah" title="Panda merah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Panda merah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Улаан хулсны баавгай – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Улаан хулсны баавгай" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE" title="ပန်ဒါနီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပန်ဒါနီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleine_panda" title="Kleine panda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kleine panda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87" title="हाब्रे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हाब्रे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="レッサーパンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レッサーパンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Жима панда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жима панда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letj_Panda" title="Letj Panda – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Letj Panda" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8dpanda" title="Rødpanda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rødpanda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Изи панда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Изи панда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲାଲ ପାଣ୍ଡା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାଲ ପାଣ୍ଡା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qizil_panda" title="Qizil panda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qizil panda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲਾਲ ਪਾਂਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਾਲ ਪਾਂਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7" title="لال پانڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لال پانڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D3%A7%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Учӧт панда – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Учӧт панда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandka_ruda" title="Pandka ruda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pandka ruda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda-vermelho" title="Panda-vermelho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panda-vermelho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_ro%C8%99u" title="Panda roșu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Panda roșu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Малая панда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малая панда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Кыһыл панда – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кыһыл панда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reid_panda" title="Reid panda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Reid panda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_e_kuqe" title="Panda e kuqe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Panda e kuqe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_russu" title="Panda russu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Panda russu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Red panda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%8Dji_panda" title="Mačji panda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mačji panda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پاندای سوور – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاندای سوور" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Црвена панда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црвена панда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crveni_panda" title="Crveni panda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crveni panda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultapanda" title="Kultapanda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kultapanda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kattbj%C3%B6rn" title="Kattbjörn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kattbjörn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE" title="சிவப்பு பாண்டா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிவப்பு பாண்டா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="แพนด้าแดง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพนด้าแดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk_panda" title="Küçük panda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Küçük panda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Пичи панда – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Пичи панда" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Панда гімалайська – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панда гімалайська" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%89%DA%86%D9%89%D9%83_%D9%85%DB%88%D8%B4%DB%88%D9%83%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%82" title="كىچىك مۈشۈكئېيىق – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كىچىك مۈشۈكئېيىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BA%A5u_tr%C3%BAc_%C4%91%E1%BB%8F" title="Gấu trúc đỏ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gấu trúc đỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verrev_panda" title="Verrev panda – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Verrev panda" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" title="Ailurus fulgens – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ailurus fulgens" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E7%8C%AB" title="小熊猫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="小熊猫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%86%8A%E8%B2%93" title="小熊貓 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小熊貓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Red panda<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Pleistocene–Present</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.12676923077px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Panda_(24986761703).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/220px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/330px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg/440px-Red_Panda_%2824986761703%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2583" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix I<small> (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Ailurus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Ailurus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cuvier" title="Frédéric Cuvier">F. Cuvier</a>, 1825</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. fulgens</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Ailurus fulgens</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">F. Cuvier, 1825</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i>A. f. fulgens</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">F. Cuvier, 1825</span><br /> <i>A. f. styani</i> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Oldfield_Thomas" title="Oldfield Thomas">Thomas</a>, 1902</span><sup id="cite_ref-thomas_1902_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas_1902-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RedPanda_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the range of the red panda, a narrow band along the Himalayas and southwest China, in red" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/RedPanda_distribution.png/220px-RedPanda_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/RedPanda_distribution.png/330px-RedPanda_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/RedPanda_distribution.png/440px-RedPanda_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="607" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Range of the red panda </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>red panda</b> (<i><b>Ailurus fulgens</b></i>), also known as the <b>lesser panda</b>, is a small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> native to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayas" title="Eastern Himalayas">eastern Himalayas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">southwestern China</a>. It has dense reddish-brown fur with a black belly and legs, white-lined ears, a mostly white muzzle and a ringed tail. Its head-to-body length is 51–63.5 cm (20.1–25.0 in) with a 28–48.5 cm (11.0–19.1 in) tail, and it weighs between 3.2 and 15 kg (7.1 and 33.1 lb). It is well adapted to climbing due to its flexible joints and curved semi-retractile claws. </p><p>The red panda was formally <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> in 1825. The two currently recognised subspecies, the Himalayan and the Chinese red panda, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_divergence" title="Genetic divergence">genetically diverged</a> about 250,000 years ago. The red panda's place on the <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">evolutionary tree</a> has been debated, but modern genetic evidence places it in close affinity with <a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">weasels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">skunks</a>. It is not closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a>, which is a <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>, though both possess elongated wrist bones or "<a href="/wiki/Sesamoid_bone#Other_animals" title="Sesamoid bone">false thumbs</a>" used for grasping <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>. The evolutionary <a href="/wiki/Lineage_(evolution)" title="Lineage (evolution)">lineage</a> of the red panda (<a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a>) stretches back around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=25–18">25 to 18</a> million years ago</span>, as indicated by extinct fossil relatives found in Eurasia and North America. </p><p>The red panda inhabits <a href="/wiki/Coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Coniferous forests">coniferous forests</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a>, favouring steep slopes with dense bamboo cover close to water sources. It is solitary and largely <a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a>. It feeds mainly on <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">bamboo shoots</a> and leaves, but also on fruits and blossoms. Red pandas mate in early spring, with the females giving birth to litters of up to four cubs in summer. It is threatened by <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">fragmentation</a> of habitat due to <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>. The species has been listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">Endangered</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> since 2015. It is protected in all <a href="/wiki/Range_state" title="Range state">range countries</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Community-based_conservation" title="Community-based conservation">Community-based conservation</a> programmes have been initiated in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">northeastern India</a>; in China, it benefits from <a href="/wiki/Nature_conservation" title="Nature conservation">nature conservation</a> projects. Regional <a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">captive breeding</a> programmes for the red panda have been established in zoos around the world. It is featured in animated movies, video games, comic books and as the namesake of companies and music bands. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The origin of the name <i>panda</i> is uncertain, but one of the most likely theories is that it derived from the <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> word "ponya".<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne">पञ्जा</span></span> <i><span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">pajā</i></span></i> or <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne">पौँजा</span></span> <i><span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">pañjā</i></span></i> means "ball of the foot" and "claws".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nepali words "nigalya ponya" has been translated as "bamboo-footed" and is thought to be the red panda's Nepali name; in English, it was simply called <i>panda</i>, and was the only animal known under this name for more than 40 years; it became known as the <i>red panda</i> or <i>lesser panda</i> to distinguish it from the <a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">giant panda</a>, which was formally described and named in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genus name <i>Ailurus</i> is adopted from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> word <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BC%B4%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:αἴλουρος">αἴλουρος</a></span> <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ailouros</i></span></i> meaning 'cat'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Specific_epithet" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific epithet">specific epithet</a> <i>fulgens</i> is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for 'shining, bright'.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anh48_0368_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Watercolour of a red panda on branch with three separate depictions of the paws at the top" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Anh48_0368_1.jpg/220px-Anh48_0368_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Anh48_0368_1.jpg/330px-Anh48_0368_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Anh48_0368_1.jpg/440px-Anh48_0368_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption>Watercolour painting of a red panda commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardwicke" title="Thomas Hardwicke">Thomas Hardwicke</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1820</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lowther2021_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowther2021-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The red panda was <a href="/wiki/Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> and named in 1825 by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Cuvier" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederic Cuvier">Frederic Cuvier</a>, who gave it its current <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> <i>Ailurus fulgens</i>. Cuvier's description was based on <a href="/wiki/Zoological_specimen" title="Zoological specimen">zoological specimens</a>, including skin, paws, jawbones and teeth "from the mountains north of India", as well as an account by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Duvaucel" title="Alfred Duvaucel">Alfred Duvaucel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red panda was described earlier by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardwicke" title="Thomas Hardwicke">Thomas Hardwicke</a> in 1821, but his paper was only published in 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1902, <a href="/wiki/Oldfield_Thomas" title="Oldfield Thomas">Oldfield Thomas</a> described a skull of a male red panda specimen under the name <i>Ailurus fulgens styani</i> in honour of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Styan" title="Frederick William Styan">Frederick William Styan</a> who had collected this specimen in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thomas_1902_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thomas_1902-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies_and_species">Subspecies and species</h3></div> <p>The modern red panda is the <a href="/wiki/Monotypic_taxon" title="Monotypic taxon">only recognised species</a> in the genus <i>Ailurus</i>. It is traditionally divided into two <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>: the Himalayan red panda (<i>A. f. fulgens</i>) and the Chinese red panda (<i>A. f. styani</i>). The Himalayan subspecies has a straighter profile, a lighter coloured forehead and <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a>-tipped hairs on the lower back and rump. The Chinese subspecies has a more curved forehead and sloping snout, a darker coat with a less white face and more contrast between the tail rings.<sup id="cite_ref-taxonomy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxonomy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, results of a genetic analysis of red panda samples showed that the red panda populations in the Himalayas and China were separated about 250,000 years ago. The researchers suggested that the two subspecies should be treated as distinct species. Red pandas in southeastern Tibet and northern Myanmar were found to be part of <i>styani</i>, while those of southern Tibet were of <i>fulgens</i> in the strict sense.<sup id="cite_ref-Hu_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hu-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequencing" title="DNA sequencing">DNA sequencing</a> of 132 red panda faecal samples collected in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> and China also showed two distinct clusters indicating that the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Siang River</a> constitutes the boundary between the Himalayan and Chinese red pandas.<sup id="cite_ref-Joshi_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joshi-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They probably diverged due to <a href="/wiki/Glaciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glaciation</a> events on the southern <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3></div> <p>The placement of the red panda on the <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary tree">evolutionary tree</a> has been debated. In the early 20th century, various scientists placed it in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a> with <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a> and their allies. At the time, most prominent biologists also considered the red panda to be related to the giant panda, which would eventually be found to be a <a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">bear</a>. A 1982 study examined the similarities and differences in the skull between the red panda and the giant panda, other bears and procyonids, and placed the species in its own family <a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a>. The author of the study considered the red panda to be more closely related to bears.<sup id="cite_ref-taxonomy_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taxonomy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1995 <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> analysis revealed that the red panda has close affinities with procyonids.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further genetic studies in 2005, 2018 and 2021 have placed the red panda within the <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> <a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a>, which also includes Procyonidae, <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a> and relatives) and <a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a> and relatives).<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Law-2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law-2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassanin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassanin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216315873">.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery{display:table;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery>div{line-height:1.5em;padding:0.2em 0.4em;border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-footer{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.main-content{display:table}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element{float:left!important;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.gallery-element{float:left;border:1px none;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;margin:1px;border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery .no-border{border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element.vertical{float:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element caption.caption{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element th.header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.cladogram{padding:10px;margin:-1px 0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery table.gallery-element td.footer{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.header.shading{background-color:#eaecf0}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.cladogram.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output div.clade-gallery div.footer.shading{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><div class="clade-gallery" style="float:left"><div class="main-caption">Phylogenetic relationship of the red panda based on analysis of</div><div class="main-content no-border"><table class="gallery-element" style="width:370px;height:340px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Six genes from 76 Carnivora species<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn2005_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:340px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="African golden wolf"><img alt="African golden wolf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/60px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/90px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/120px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="308" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ursidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursidae">Ursidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_(Pl._50)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant panda"><img alt="Giant panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pinnipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnipedia">Pinnipedia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common seal"><img alt="Common seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/70px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/105px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/140px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red panda"><img alt="Red panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/60px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/90px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur,_mit_Beschreibungen_(Plate_CXXI-)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Striped skunk"><img alt="Striped skunk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_animals_of_North_America,_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_(Page_410)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common raccoon"><img alt="Common raccoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitch_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description" title="European polecat"><img alt="European polecat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/60px-Fitch_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/90px-Fitch_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/120px-Fitch_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:275px;height:340px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>46 genes from 75 musteloid species<sup id="cite_ref-Law-2018_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Law-2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:340px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur,_mit_Beschreibungen_(Plate_CXXI-)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Striped skunk"><img alt="Striped skunk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red panda"><img alt="Red panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/60px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/90px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_animals_of_North_America,_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_(Page_410)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common raccoon"><img alt="Common raccoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitch_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description" title="European polecat"><img alt="European polecat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/60px-Fitch_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/90px-Fitch_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/120px-Fitch_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="gallery-element" style="width:370px;height:340px;"><tbody><tr class="header"><th>Mitogenomes from 220 mammal species<sup id="cite_ref-Hassanin_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassanin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td class="cladogram" style="height:340px"> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="African golden wolf"><img alt="African golden wolf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/60px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/90px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg/120px-Dogs%2C_jackals%2C_wolves%2C_and_foxes_%28Plate_XI%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="308" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ursidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ursidae">Ursidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_(Pl._50)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant panda"><img alt="Giant panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Recherches_pour_servir_%C3%A0_l%27histoire_naturelle_des_mammif%C3%A8res_%28Pl._50%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="560" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pinnipedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinnipedia">Pinnipedia</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common seal"><img alt="Common seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/70px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/105px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg/140px-Cambridge_Natural_History_Mammalia_Fig_230_white_background.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red panda"><img alt="Red panda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/60px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/90px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Ailurus_fulgens_-_1700-1880_-_Print_-_Iconographia_Zoologica_-_Special_Collections_University_of_Amsterdam_-%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="384" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur,_mit_Beschreibungen_(Plate_CXXI-)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Striped skunk"><img alt="Striped skunk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wild_animals_of_North_America,_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_(Page_410)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Common raccoon"><img alt="Common raccoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/50px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/75px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/100px-Wild_animals_of_North_America%2C_intimate_studies_of_big_and_little_creatures_of_the_mammal_kingdom_%28Page_410%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <table style="width:100%;border-spacing:0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a> </p> </td> <td style="border:0;padding:0"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitch_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description" title="European polecat"><img alt="European polecat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/60px-Fitch_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/90px-Fitch_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Fitch_white_background.png/120px-Fitch_white_background.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fossil_record">Fossil record</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing of a skull (above) and head (below) of an extinct animal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg/220px-Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg/330px-Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg/440px-Simocyon_batalleri_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1081" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Reconstructed skull and head of <i><a href="/wiki/Simocyon" title="Simocyon">Simocyon</a></i>, a large carnivorous early relative of the modern red panda</figcaption></figure> <p>The family Ailuridae appears to have evolved in Europe in either the <a href="/wiki/Late_Oligocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Oligocene">Late Oligocene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Early_Miocene" title="Early Miocene">Early Miocene</a>, about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=25–18">25 to 18</a> million years ago</span>. The earliest member <i><a href="/wiki/Amphictis" title="Amphictis">Amphictis</a></i> is known from its 10 cm (4 in) skull and may have been around the same size as the modern species. Its <a href="/wiki/Dentition" title="Dentition">dentition</a> consists of sharp premolars and <a href="/wiki/Carnassial" title="Carnassial">carnassials</a> (P4 and m1) and <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a> adapted for grinding (M1, M2 and m2), suggesting that it had a generalised <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a> diet. Its placement within Ailuridae is based on the grooves on the side of its <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine teeth</a>. Other early or <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> ailurids include <i><a href="/wiki/Alopecocyon" title="Alopecocyon">Alopecocyon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Simocyon" title="Simocyon">Simocyon</a></i>, whose fossils have been found throughout Eurasia and North America dating from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Miocene" title="Middle Miocene">Middle Miocene</a>, the latter of which survived into the <a href="/wiki/Early_Pliocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Pliocene">Early Pliocene</a>. Both have similar teeth to <i>Amphictis</i> and thus had a similar diet.<sup id="cite_ref-Salesa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salesa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">puma</a>-sized <i>Simocyon</i> was likely a tree-climber and shared a "false thumb"—an extended wrist bone—with the modern species, suggesting the appendage was an adaptation to <a href="/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion" title="Arboreal locomotion">arboreal locomotion</a> and not to feed on <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Salesa_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salesa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PNAS-Salesa-2006_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-Salesa-2006-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later and more <a href="/wiki/Apomorphy_and_synapomorphy" title="Apomorphy and synapomorphy">advanced</a> ailurids are classified in the subfamily Ailurinae and are known as the "true" red pandas. These animals were smaller and more adapted for an <a href="/wiki/Omnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivorous">omnivorous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a> diet. The earliest known true panda is <i><a href="/wiki/Magerictis" title="Magerictis">Magerictis</a></i> from the Middle Miocene of Spain and known only from one tooth, a lower second molar. The tooth shows both ancestral and new characteristics having a relatively low and simple <a href="/wiki/Crown_(tooth)" title="Crown (tooth)">crown</a> but also a lengthened crushing surface with developed <a href="/wiki/Cusp_(anatomy)" title="Cusp (anatomy)">tooth cusps</a> like later species.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later ailurines include <i><a href="/wiki/Pristinailurus_bristoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Pristinailurus bristoli">Pristinailurus bristoli</a></i> which lived in eastern North America from the late Miocene to the Early Pliocene<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wallace2004_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and species of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Parailurus" title="Parailurus">Parailurus</a></i> which first appear in Early Pliocene Europe, spreading across Eurasia into North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These animals are classified as a <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister taxon</a> to the lineage of the modern red panda. In contrast to the herbivorous modern species, these ancient pandas were likely omnivores, with highly cusped molars and sharp <a href="/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wallace2004_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest fossil record of the modern genus <i>Ailurus</i> dates no earlier than the Pleistocene and appears to have been limited to Asia. The modern red panda's lineage became adapted for a specialised bamboo diet, having molar-like premolars and more elevated cusps.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The false thumb would secondarily gain a function in feeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Salesa_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salesa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PNAS-Salesa-2006_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-Salesa-2006-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genomics">Genomics</h3></div> <p>Analysis of 53 red panda samples from Sichuan and Yunnan showed a high level of <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">genetic diversity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> of the red panda was sequenced in 2017. Researchers have compared it to the genome of the giant panda to learn the genetics of <a href="/wiki/Convergent_evolution" title="Convergent evolution">convergent evolution</a>, as both species have false thumbs and are adapted for a specialised bamboo diet despite having the digestive system of a carnivore. Both pandas show modifications to certain limb development genes (<a href="/wiki/DYNC2H1" title="DYNC2H1">DYNC2H1</a> and <a href="/wiki/PCNT" title="PCNT">PCNT</a>), which may play roles in the development of the thumbs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In switching from a carnivorous to a herbivorous diet, both species have reactivated taste receptor genes used for detecting <a href="/wiki/Bitter_(taste)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitter (taste)">bitterness</a>, though the specific genes are different.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda skull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg/200px-Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg/300px-Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg/400px-Ailurus_fulgens_skull_at_the_Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2572" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Red panda skull</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda face" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg/200px-MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg/300px-MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg/400px-MC_Kleiner_Panda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Red panda face</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The red panda's <a href="/wiki/Animal_coat" title="Animal coat">coat</a> is mainly red or orange-brown with a black belly and legs. The muzzle, cheeks, brows and inner ear margins are mostly white while the bushy tail has red and <a href="/wiki/Buff_(colour)" title="Buff (colour)">buff</a> ring patterns and a dark brown tip.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wozencraft_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wozencraft-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colouration appears to serve as <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a> in habitat with red <a href="/wiki/Moss" title="Moss">moss</a> and white <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a>-covered trees. The <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">guard hairs</a> are longer and rougher while the dense <a href="/wiki/Fur#Down_hair" title="Fur">undercoat</a> is fluffier with shorter hairs.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The guard hairs on the back have a circular cross-section and are 47–56 mm (1.9–2.2 in) long. It has moderately long <a href="/wiki/Whisker" class="mw-redirect" title="Whisker">whiskers</a> around the mouth, lower jaw and chin. The hair on the soles of the paws allows the animal to walk in snow.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The red panda has a relatively small head, though proportionally larger than in similarly sized raccoons, with a reduced snout and triangular ears, and nearly evenly lengthed limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a head-body length of 51–63.5 cm (20.1–25.0 in) with a 28–48.5 cm (11.0–19.1 in) tail. The Himalayan red panda is recorded to weigh 3.2–9.4 kg (7.1–20.7 lb), while the Chinese red panda weighs 4–15 kg (8.8–33.1 lb) for females and 4.2–13.4 kg (9.3–29.5 lb) for males.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has five curved <a href="/wiki/Digit_(anatomy)" title="Digit (anatomy)">digits</a> on each foot, each with curved semi-retractile claws that aid in climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a> and hindlimbs have flexible joints, adaptations for an arboreal quadrupedal lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While not <a href="/wiki/Prehensile_tail" title="Prehensile tail">prehensile</a>, the tail helps the animal balance while climbing.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The forepaws possess a "false thumb", which is an extension of a wrist bone, the radial <a href="/wiki/Sesamoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesamoid">sesamoid</a> found in many carnivorans. This thumb allows the animal to grip onto bamboo stalks and both the digits and wrist bones are highly flexible. The red panda shares this feature with the giant panda, which has a larger sesamoid that is more compressed at the sides. In addition, the red panda's sesamoid has a more sunken tip while the giant panda's curves in the middle. These features give the giant panda more developed dexterity.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The red panda's skull is wide, and its lower jaw is robust.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because it eats leaves and stems, which are not as tough, it has smaller chewing muscles than the giant panda. The digestive system of the red panda is only 4.2 times its body length, with a simple stomach, no noticeable divide between the <a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">ileum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">colon</a>, and no <a href="/wiki/Caecum" class="mw-redirect" title="Caecum">caecum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both sexes have paired <a href="/wiki/Anal_gland" title="Anal gland">anal glands</a> that emit a secretion consisting of long-chain <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squalene" title="Squalene">squalene</a> and <a href="/wiki/2-Piperidinone" title="2-Piperidinone">2-Piperidinone</a>; the latter is the most odoriferous compound and is perceived by humans as having an ammoniacal or pepper-like odour.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda in a tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg/220px-Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg/330px-Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg/440px-Red_Panda_at_Neora_Valley_National_Park_West_Bengal_India_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Red panda in <a href="/wiki/Neora_Valley_National_Park" title="Neora Valley National Park">Neora Valley National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The red panda inhabits <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, the states of <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> in India, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The global potential habitat of the red panda has been estimated to comprise 47,100 km<sup>2</sup> (18,200 sq mi) at most; this habitat is located in the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a> zone of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> with a mean annual temperature range of 18–24 °C (64–75 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-Kandel_al2015_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kandel_al2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout this range, it has been recorded at elevations of 2,000–4,300 m (6,600–14,100 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Mallick2010_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallick2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorji_al2012_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorji_al2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thapa_al2020_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thapa_al2020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_al2021_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_al2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lin_al2021_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin_al2021-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright mw-collapsible"> <caption><span class="nowrap">Habitat of the red panda</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Estimated size<sup id="cite_ref-Kandel_al2015_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kandel_al2015-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal</td> <td>22,400 km<sup>2</sup> (8,600 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>13,100 km<sup>2</sup> (5,100 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>5,700 km<sup>2</sup> (2,200 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myanmar</td> <td>5,000 km<sup>2</sup> (1,900 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bhutan</td> <td>900 km<sup>2</sup> (350 sq mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td>47,100 km<sup>2</sup> (18,200 sq mi) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Nepal, it lives in six protected area complexes within the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_broadleaf_forests" title="Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests">Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests</a> ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-Thapa_al2020_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thapa_al2020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The westernmost records to date were obtained in three <a href="/wiki/Community_forestry_in_Nepal" title="Community forestry in Nepal">community forests</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kalikot_District" title="Kalikot District">Kalikot District</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Panchthar_District" title="Panchthar District">Panchthar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilam_District" title="Ilam District">Ilam Districts</a> represent its easternmost range in the country, where its habitat in forest patches is surrounded by villages, livestock <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pastures</a> and roads.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2021b_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2021b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Metapopulation" title="Metapopulation">metapopulation</a> in protected areas and <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_corridor" title="Wildlife corridor">wildlife corridors</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a> landscape of Sikkim and northern West Bengal is partly connected through <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forests</a> outside protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dalui_al2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalui_al2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forests in this landscape are dominated by Himalayan oaks (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_lamellosa" title="Quercus lamellosa">Quercus lamellosa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_semecarpifolia" title="Quercus semecarpifolia">Q. semecarpifolia</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Betula_utilis" title="Betula utilis">Himalayan birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abies_densa" title="Abies densa">Himalayan fir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_caesium" title="Acer caesium">Himalayan maple</a> with bamboo, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">Rhododendron</a></i> and some <a href="/wiki/Juniperus_indica" title="Juniperus indica">black juniper</a> shrub growing in the <a href="/wiki/Understorey" class="mw-redirect" title="Understorey">understoreys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mallick2010_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mallick2010-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Panthi_al2012_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panthi_al2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records in Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh's <a href="/wiki/Pangchen_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangchen Valley">Pangchen Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Kameng_district" title="West Kameng district">West Kameng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shi_Yomi_district" title="Shi Yomi district">Shi Yomi districts</a> indicate that it frequents habitats with <i><a href="/wiki/Yushania" title="Yushania">Yushania</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Thamnocalamus" title="Thamnocalamus">Thamnocalamus</a></i> bamboo, medium-sized <i>Rhododendron</i>, <a href="/wiki/Sorbus" title="Sorbus">whitebeam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castanopsis" title="Castanopsis">chinquapin</a> trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorji_al2012_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorji_al2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty_al2015_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty_al2015-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China, it inhabits the <a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests">Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qionglai-Minshan_conifer_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests">Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qionglai_Mountains" title="Qionglai Mountains">Qionglai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiaoxiang_Range" title="Xiaoxiang Range">Xiaoxiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daxiangling" title="Daxiangling">Daxiangling</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liangshan_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liangshan Mountain (page does not exist)">Liangshan Mountains</a> in Sichuan.<sup id="cite_ref-Dong_al2021_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_al2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the adjacent Yunnan province, it was recorded only in the northwestern montane part.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The red panda prefers <a href="/wiki/Microhabitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Microhabitat">microhabitats</a> within 70–240 m (230–790 ft) of water sources.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_al2000_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei_al2000-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dorji_al2011_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorji_al2011-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dendup2018_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dendup2018-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dendup_al2020_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dendup_al2020-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fallen logs and <a href="/wiki/Tree_stump" title="Tree stump">tree stumps</a> are important habitat features, as they facilitate access to bamboo leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_al2006_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang_al2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red pandas have been recorded to use steep slopes of more than 20° and stumps exceeding a diameter of 30 cm (12 in).<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_al2000_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei_al2000-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dendup2018_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dendup2018-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red pandas observed in <a href="/wiki/Phrumsengla_National_Park" title="Phrumsengla National Park">Phrumsengla National Park</a> used foremost easterly and southerly slopes with a mean slope of 34° and a <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> cover of 66 per cent that were overgrown with bamboo about 23 m (75 ft) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorji_al2011_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorji_al2011-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Dafengding_Nature_Reserve" title="Dafengding Nature Reserve">Dafengding Nature Reserve</a>, it prefers steep south-facing slopes in winter and inhabits forests with bamboo 1.5–2.5 m (4 ft 11 in – 8 ft 2 in) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_al2013_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou_al2013-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Gaoligongshan_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve">Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve</a>, it inhabits mixed coniferous forest with a dense canopy cover of more than 75 per cent, steep slopes and a density of at least 70 bamboo plants/m<sup>2</sup> (6.5 bamboo plants/sq ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_al2021_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_al2021-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some parts of China, the red panda coexists with the giant panda. In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengtongzhai_National_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Fengtongzhai</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yele_National_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yele National Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Yele National Nature Reserves</a>, red panda microhabitat is characterised by steep slopes with lots of bamboo <a href="/wiki/Culm_(botany)" title="Culm (botany)">stems</a>, shrubs, fallen logs and stumps, whereas the giant panda prefers gentler slopes with taller but lesser amounts of bamboo and less habitat features overall. Such <a href="/wiki/Niche_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Niche separation">niche separation</a> lessens competition between the two bamboo-eating species.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_al2000_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei_al2000-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_al2006_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang_al2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A red panda lies sleeping on a high branch of a tree, with tail stretched out behind and legs dangling on each side of the branch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg/220px-Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg/330px-Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg/440px-Tiergarten_Schoenbrunn_Kleiner_Panda_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Red panda sleeping on a tree</figcaption></figure> <p>The red panda is difficult to observe in the wild,<sup id="cite_ref-Gebauer_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebauer-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most studies on its behaviour have taken place in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red panda appears to be both <a href="/wiki/Nocturnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturnal">nocturnal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biphasic_and_polyphasic_sleep" class="mw-redirect" title="Biphasic and polyphasic sleep">sleeping in between periods of activity</a> at night. It typically rests or sleeps in trees or other elevated spaces, stretched out prone on a branch with legs dangling when it is hot, and curled up with its hindlimb over the face when it is cold. It is adapted for climbing and descends to the ground head-first with the hindfeet holding on to the middle of the tree trunk. It moves quickly on the ground by trotting or bounding.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_spacing">Social spacing</h3></div> <p>Adult pandas are generally <a href="/wiki/Solitary_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Solitary animal">solitary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territorial</a>. Individuals mark their <a href="/wiki/Home_range" title="Home range">home range</a> or territorial boundaries with urine, <a href="/wiki/Faeces" class="mw-redirect" title="Faeces">faeces</a> and secretions from the <a href="/wiki/Anal_gland" title="Anal gland">anal</a> and surrounding glands. Scent-marking is usually done on the ground, with males marking more often and for longer periods.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China's <a href="/wiki/Wolong_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Wolong National Nature Reserve">Wolong National Nature Reserve</a>, the home range of a radio-collared female was 0.94 km<sup>2</sup> (0.36 sq mi), while that of a male was 1.11 km<sup>2</sup> (0.43 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Reid1991_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid1991-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A one-year-long monitoring study of ten red pandas in eastern Nepal showed that the four males had median home ranges of 1.73 km<sup>2</sup> (0.67 sq mi) and the six females of 0.94 km<sup>2</sup> (0.36 sq mi) within a forest cover of at least 19.2 ha (47 acres). The females travelled 419–841 m (1,375–2,759 ft) per day and the males 660–1,473 m (2,165–4,833 ft). In the mating season from January to March, adults travelled a mean of 795 m (2,608 ft) and subadults a mean of 861 m (2,825 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2021b_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2021b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They all had larger home ranges in areas with low forest cover and reduced their activity in areas that were disturbed by people, livestock and dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2021_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2021-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet_and_feeding">Diet and feeding</h3></div> <p>The red panda is largely herbivorous and feeds primarily on bamboo, mainly the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Phyllostachys" title="Phyllostachys">Phyllostachys</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sinarundinaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinarundinaria">Sinarundinaria</a></i>, <i>Thamnocalamus</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chimonobambusa" title="Chimonobambusa">Chimonobambusa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also feeds on fruits, blossoms, <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a>, eggs, birds and small mammals. Bamboo leaves may be the most abundant food item year-round and the only food they can access during winter.<sup id="cite_ref-ecology_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecology-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Wolong National Nature Reserve, leaves of the bamboo species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashania_fangiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashania fangiana (page does not exist)">Bashania fangiana</a></i> were found in nearly 94 per cent of analysed droppings, and its <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">shoots</a> were found in 59 per cent of the droppings found in June.<sup id="cite_ref-Reid1991_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid1991-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The diet of red pandas monitored at three sites in <a href="/wiki/Singalila_National_Park" title="Singalila National Park">Singalila National Park</a> for two years consisted of 40–83 per cent <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yushania_maling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yushania maling (page does not exist)">Yushania maling</a></i> and 51–91.2 per cent <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thamnocalamus_spathiflorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (page does not exist)">Thamnocalamus spathiflorus</a></i> bamboos<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supplemented by bamboo shoots, <i><a href="/wiki/Actinidia_strigosa" title="Actinidia strigosa">Actinidia strigosa</a></i> fruits and seasonal berries.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this national park, red panda droppings also contained remains of <a href="/wiki/Silky_rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Silky rose">silky rose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">bramble fruit</a> species in the summer season, <i><a href="/wiki/Actinidia_callosa" title="Actinidia callosa">Actinidia callosa</a></i> in the post-monsoon season, and <i><a href="/wiki/Merrilliopanax_alpinus" title="Merrilliopanax alpinus">Merrilliopanax alpinus</a></i>, the whitebeam species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sorbus_cuspidata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sorbus cuspidata (page does not exist)">Sorbus cuspidata</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Tree_rhododendron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tree rhododendron">tree rhododendron</a> in both seasons. Droppings were found with 23 plant species including the <a href="/wiki/Stone_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone oak">stone oak</a> species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithocarpus_pachyphyllus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithocarpus pachyphyllus (page does not exist)">Lithocarpus pachyphyllus</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Magnolia_campbellii" title="Magnolia campbellii">Campbell's magnolia</a>, the chinquapin species <i><a href="/wiki/Castanopsis_tribuloides" title="Castanopsis tribuloides">Castanopsis tribuloides</a></i>, Himalayan birch, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litsea_sericea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litsea sericea (page does not exist)">Litsea sericea</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">holly</a> species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilex_fragilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilex fragilis (page does not exist)">Ilex fragilis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Rara_National_Park" title="Rara National Park">Rara National Park</a>, <i>Thamnocalamus</i> was found in all the droppings sampled, both before and after the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its summer diet in <a href="/wiki/Dhorpatan_Hunting_Reserve" title="Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve">Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve</a> also includes some lichens and <a href="/wiki/Berberis" title="Berberis">barberries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Panthi_al2012_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panthi_al2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Bhutan's <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_National_Park" title="Jigme Dorji National Park">Jigme Dorji National Park</a>, red panda faeces found in the fruiting season contained seeds of <a href="/wiki/Hedera_nepalensis" title="Hedera nepalensis">Himalayan ivy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dendup_al2020_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dendup_al2020-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda holding onto a plant and eating" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg/220px-Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg/330px-Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg/440px-Endangered_Red_Panda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="847" /></a><figcaption>Red panda feeding</figcaption></figure> <p>The red panda grabs food with one of its front paws and usually eats sitting down or standing. When foraging for bamboo, it grabs the plant by the stem and pulls it down towards its jaws. It bites the leaves with the side of the <a href="/wiki/Cheek_teeth" title="Cheek teeth">cheek teeth</a> and then shears, chews and swallows. Smaller food like blossoms, berries and small leaves are eaten differently, being clipped by the incisors.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having the <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a> of a carnivore, the red panda cannot properly digest bamboo, which passes through its gut in two to four hours. Hence, it must consume large amounts of the most nutritious plant matter. It eats over 1.5 kg (3 lb 5 oz) of fresh leaves or 4 kg (9 lb) of fresh shoots in a day with crude proteins and fats being the most easily digested. Digestion is highest in summer and fall but lowest in winter, and is easier for shoots than leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_1999_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei_1999-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red panda's <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolic rate">metabolic rate</a> is comparable to other mammals of its size, despite its poor diet.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red panda digests almost a third of <a href="/wiki/Dry_matter" title="Dry matter">dry matter</a>, which is more efficient than the giant panda digesting 17 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-wei_1999_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wei_1999-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microbes in the gut may aid in its processing of bamboo; the <a href="/wiki/Microbiota" title="Microbiota">microbiota</a> community in the red panda is less diverse than in other mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Red_panda_twittering.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Red_panda_twittering.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/Red_panda_twittering.ogg/Red_panda_twittering.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Red_panda_twittering.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Sounds of red panda twittering</figcaption></figure> <p>At least seven different vocalisations have been recorded from the red panda, comprising growls, barks, squeals, hoots, bleats, grunts and twitters. Growling, barking, grunting and squealing are produced during fights and aggressive chasing. Hooting is made in response to being approached by another individual. Bleating is associated with scent-marking and sniffing. Males may bleat during mating, while females twitter.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During both <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)#Other_animals" title="Play (activity)">play fighting</a> and aggressive fighting, individuals curve their backs and tails while slowly moving their heads up and down. They then turn their heads while jaw-clapping, move their heads laterally and lift a forepaw to strike. They stand on their hind legs, raise the forelimbs above the head and then pounce. Two red pandas may "stare" at each other from a distance.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction_and_parenting">Reproduction and parenting</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda mother with cub" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg/220px-Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg/330px-Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg/440px-Dortmund-Zoo-Kleiner_Panda151930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Red panda tending its cub</figcaption></figure> <p>Red pandas are <a href="/wiki/Photoperiodism#Animals" title="Photoperiodism">long-day</a> breeders, reproducing after the <a href="/wiki/Winter_solstice" title="Winter solstice">winter solstice</a> as daylight grows longer. Mating thus takes place from January to March, with births occurring from May to August. Reproduction is delayed by six months for captive pandas in the southern hemisphere. <a href="/wiki/Oestrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Oestrous">Oestrous</a> lasts a day, and females can enter oestrous multiple times a season, but it is not known how long the intervals between each cycle last.<sup id="cite_ref-Curry_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curry-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the reproductive season begins, males and females interact more, and will rest, move, and feed near each other. An oestrous female will spend more time marking and males will inspect her anogenital region. Receptive females make tail-flicks and position themselves in a <a href="/wiki/Lordosis_behavior" title="Lordosis behavior">lordosis</a> pose, with the front lowered to the ground and the spine curved. <a href="/wiki/Copulation_(zoology)" title="Copulation (zoology)">Copulation</a> involves the male mounting the female from behind and on top, though face-to-face matings as well as belly-to-back matings while lying on the sides also occur. The male will grab the female by the sides with his front paws instead of biting her neck. Intromission is 2–25 minutes long, and the couple <a href="/wiki/Social_grooming" title="Social grooming">groom</a> each other between each bout.<sup id="cite_ref-Curry_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Curry-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">Gestation</a> lasts about 131 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts1979_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts1979-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to giving birth, the female selects a denning site, such as a tree, log or stump hollow or rock crevice, and builds a nest using material from nearby, such as twigs, sticks, branches, bark bits, leaves, grass and moss.<sup id="cite_ref-Gebauer_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebauer-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Litter_(zoology)" title="Litter (zoology)">Litters</a> typically consist of one to four cubs that are born fully furred but blind. They are entirely dependent on their mother for the first three to four months until they first leave the nest. They nurse for their first five months.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts1979_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts1979-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bond between mother and offspring lasts until the next mating season. Cubs are fully grown at around 12 months and at around 18 months they reach <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two radio-collared cubs in eastern Nepal separated from their mothers at the age of 7–8 months and left their birth areas three weeks later. They reached new home ranges within 26–42 days and became residents after exploring them for 42–44 days.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2021b_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2021b-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortality_and_diseases">Mortality and diseases</h3></div> <p>The red panda's lifespan in captivity reaches 14 years.<sup id="cite_ref-roberts+gittleman_29-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roberts+gittleman-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been recorded falling prey to <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a> in the wild.<sup id="cite_ref-Yonzon_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yonzon-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faecal samples of red panda collected in Nepal contained parasitic <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">amoebozoans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roundworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundworm">roundworms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trematodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Trematodes">trematodes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tapeworms" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapeworms">tapeworms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roundworms, tapeworms and <a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">coccidia</a> were also found in red panda scat collected in Rara and <a href="/wiki/Langtang_National_Park" title="Langtang National Park">Langtang National Parks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourteen red pandas at the <a href="/wiki/Knoxville_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Knoxville Zoo">Knoxville Zoo</a> suffered from severe <a href="/wiki/Ringworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringworm">ringworm</a>, so the tails of two were <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputated</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chagas_disease" title="Chagas disease">Chagas disease</a> was reported as the cause of death of a red panda kept in a <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> zoo.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Amdoparvovirus" title="Amdoparvovirus">Amdoparvovirus</a></i> was detected in the scat of six red pandas in the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Zoo" title="Sacramento Zoo">Sacramento Zoo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight captive red pandas in a Chinese zoo suffered from <a href="/wiki/Shortness_of_breath" title="Shortness of breath">shortness of breath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a> shortly before they died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> revealed that they had antibodies to the protozoans <i><a href="/wiki/Toxoplasma_gondii" title="Toxoplasma gondii">Toxoplasma gondii</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sarcocystis" title="Sarcocystis">Sarcocystis</a></i> species indicating that they were <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_hosts" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate hosts">intermediate hosts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A captive red panda in the <a href="/wiki/Chengdu_Research_Base_of_Giant_Panda_Breeding" title="Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding">Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding</a> died of unknown reasons; an autopsy showed that its <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidneys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> were damaged by a bacterial infection caused by <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats">Threats</h2></div> <p>The red panda is primarily threatened by the <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">fragmentation</a> of its habitat, the causes of which include increasing human population, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, the unlawful taking of <a href="/wiki/Non-timber_forest_product" title="Non-timber forest product">non-wood forest material</a> and disturbances by herders and <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trampling by livestock inhibits bamboo growth,<sup id="cite_ref-Yonzon_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yonzon-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Clearcutting" title="Clearcutting">clearcutting</a> decreases the ability of some bamboo species to regenerate.<sup id="cite_ref-glatston_1994_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glatston_1994-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cut lumber stock in Sichuan alone reached 2,661,000 m<sup>3</sup> (94,000,000 cu ft) in 1958–1960, and around 3,597.9 km<sup>2</sup> (1,389.2 sq mi) of red panda habitat were logged between the mid-1970s and late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout Nepal, the red panda habitat outside protected areas is negatively affected by solid waste, livestock trails and herding stations, and people collecting firewood and <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Panthi_al2012_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panthi_al2012-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threats identified in Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Lamjung_District" title="Lamjung District">Lamjung District</a> include grazing by livestock during seasonal <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">transhumance</a>, human-made forest fires and the collection of bamboo as cattle <a href="/wiki/Fodder" title="Fodder">fodder</a> in winter.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vehicular traffic is a significant barrier to red panda movement between habitat patches.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2021_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2021-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a> is also a major threat.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nepal, 121 red panda skins were <a href="/wiki/Confiscation" title="Confiscation">confiscated</a> between 2008 and 2018. <a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Traps</a> meant for other wildlife have been recorded killing red pandas.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2020_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Myanmar, the red panda is threatened by hunting using guns and traps; since roads to the border with China were built starting in the early 2000s, red panda skins and live animals have been traded and smuggled across the border.<sup id="cite_ref-Lin_al2021_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin_al2021-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In southwestern China, the red panda is hunted for its fur, especially for the highly valued bushy tails, from which hats are produced. The red panda population in China has been reported to have decreased by 40 per cent over the last 50 years, and the population in western Himalayan areas are considered to be smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2005 and 2017, 35 live and seven dead red pandas were confiscated in Sichuan, and several traders were sentenced to 3–12 years of imprisonment. A month-long survey of 65 shops in nine Chinese counties in the spring of 2017 revealed only one in Yunnan offered hats made of red panda skins, and red panda tails were offered in an online forum.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2></div> <p>The red panda is listed in <a href="/wiki/CITES_Appendix_I" class="mw-redirect" title="CITES Appendix I">CITES Appendix I</a> and protected in all range countries; hunting is illegal. It has been listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">Endangered</a> on the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> since 2008 because the global population is estimated at 10,000 individuals, with a decreasing population trend. A large extent of its habitat is part of protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable floatleft mw-collapsible"> <caption><span class="nowrap">Protected areas in red panda range countries</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Protected areas </th></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Api_Nampa_Conservation_Area" title="Api Nampa Conservation Area">Api Nampa Conservation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khaptad_National_Park" title="Khaptad National Park">Khaptad National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rara_National_Park" title="Rara National Park">Rara National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Conservation_Area" title="Annapurna Conservation Area">Annapurna Conservation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manaslu_Conservation_Area" title="Manaslu Conservation Area">Manaslu Conservation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langtang_National_Park" title="Langtang National Park">Langtang National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaurishankar_Conservation_Area" title="Gaurishankar Conservation Area">Gaurishankar Conservation Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sagarmatha_National_Park" title="Sagarmatha National Park">Sagarmatha National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makalu_Barun_National_Park" title="Makalu Barun National Park">Makalu Barun National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanchenjunga_Conservation_Area" title="Kanchenjunga Conservation Area">Kanchenjunga Conservation Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-Thapa_al2020_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thapa_al2020-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khangchendzonga_National_Park" title="Khangchendzonga National Park">Khangchendzonga National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singalila_National_Park" title="Singalila National Park">Singalila National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varsey_Rhododendron_Sanctuary" title="Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary">Varsey Rhododendron Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shingba_Rhododendron_Sanctuary" title="Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary">Shingba Rhododendron Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fambong_Lho_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary">Fambong Lho Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyongnosla_Alpine_Sanctuary" title="Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary">Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pangolakha_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary">Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maenam_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary">Maenam Wildlife Sanctuary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dalui_al2020_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalui_al2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Namdapha_National_Park" title="Namdapha National Park">Namdapha National Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bhutan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Khesar_Strict_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve">Jigme Khesar Strict Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_National_Park" title="Jigme Dorji National Park">Jigme Dorji National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wangchuck_Centennial_National_Park" title="Wangchuck Centennial National Park">Wangchuck Centennial National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jigme_Singye_Wangchuck_National_Park" title="Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park">Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bumdeling_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary">Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sakteng_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary">Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrumsengla_National_Park" title="Phrumsengla National Park">Phrumsengla National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jomotsangkha_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary">Jomotsangkha Wildlife Sanctuary</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dorji_al2012_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorji_al2012-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Myanmar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hkakaborazi_National_Park" title="Hkakaborazi National Park">Hkakaborazi National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hponkanrazi_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary">Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lwin_al2021_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lwin_al2021-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Imawbum_National_Park" title="Imawbum National Park">Imawbum National Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lin_al2021_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lin_al2021-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Tsangpo_Grand_Canyon" title="Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon">Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Nature Reserve</a> in Tibet,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wolong_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Wolong National Nature Reserve">Wolong National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fengtongzhai_National_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Fengtongzhai</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yele_National_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yele National Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Yele National Nature Reserves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dafengding_Nature_Reserve" title="Dafengding Nature Reserve">Dafengding Nature Reserve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giant_Panda_National_Park" title="Giant Panda National Park">Giant Panda National Park</a> in Sichuan,<sup id="cite_ref-Reid1991_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reid1991-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wei_al2000_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei_al2000-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_al2006_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang_al2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhou_al2013_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhou_al2013-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dong_al2021_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dong_al2021-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gaoligongshan_National_Nature_Reserve" title="Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve">Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve</a> in Yunnan<sup id="cite_ref-Liu_al2021_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_al2021-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Panda_(25193861686).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red panda standing on a branch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg/220px-Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg/330px-Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg/440px-Red_Panda_%2825193861686%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4535" data-file-height="3004" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of a red panda</figcaption></figure> <p>A red panda <a href="/wiki/Anti-poaching" title="Anti-poaching">anti-poaching</a> unit and community-based monitoring have been established in Langtang National Park. Members of Community Forest User Groups also protect and monitor red panda habitats in other parts of Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community outreach programs have been initiated in eastern Nepal using information boards, radio broadcasting and the annual International Red Panda Day in September; several schools endorsed a red panda conservation manual as part of their <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curricula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2010, <a href="/wiki/Community-based_conservation" title="Community-based conservation">community-based conservation</a> programmes have been initiated in 10 districts in Nepal that aim to help villagers reduce their dependence on natural resources through improved herding and food processing practices and alternative income possibilities. The Nepali government ratified a five-year Red Panda Conservation Action Plan in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2016 to 2019, 35 ha (86 acres) of high-elevation <a href="/wiki/Rangeland" title="Rangeland">rangeland</a> in <a href="/wiki/Merak,_Bhutan" title="Merak, Bhutan">Merak, Bhutan</a>, was restored and fenced in cooperation with 120 herder families to protect the red panda forest habitat and improve communal land.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Villagers in Arunachal Pradesh established two <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_community_conserved_area" title="Indigenous and community conserved area">community conservation areas</a> to protect the red panda habitat from disturbance and exploitation of forest resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty_al2015_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty_al2015-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China has initiated several projects to protect its environment and wildlife, including <a href="/wiki/Grain_for_Green" title="Grain for Green">Grain for Green</a>, The Natural Forest Protection Project and the National Wildlife/Natural Reserve Construction Project. For the last project, the red panda is not listed as a key species for protection but may benefit from the protection of the giant panda and <a href="/wiki/Golden_snub-nosed_monkey" title="Golden snub-nosed monkey">golden snub-nosed monkey</a>, with which it overlaps in range.<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_al2021_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei_al2021-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_captivity">In captivity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/220px--Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm/Red_panda_eating_bamboo_at_Symbio_Wildlife_Park.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Red panda at <a href="/wiki/Symbio_Wildlife_Park" title="Symbio Wildlife Park">Symbio Wildlife Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a> received two red pandas in 1869 and 1876, the first of which was caught in <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta Zoo">Calcutta Zoo</a> received a live red panda in 1877, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Zoo" title="Philadelphia Zoo">Philadelphia Zoo</a> in 1906, and <a href="/wiki/Artis_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Artis Zoo">Artis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne Zoo">Cologne Zoos</a> in 1908. In 1908, the first captive red panda cubs were born in an Indian zoo. In 1940, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a> imported four red pandas from India that had been caught in Nepal; their first litter was born in 1941. Cubs that were born later were sent to other zoos; by 1969, about 250 red pandas had been exhibited in zoos.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Taronga_Conservation_Society" title="Taronga Conservation Society">Taronga Conservation Society</a> started keeping red pandas in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, a <a href="/wiki/Breed_registry" title="Breed registry">breed registry</a>, the <i>International Red Panda Studbook</i>, was set up, followed by the Red Panda <a href="/wiki/European_Endangered_Species_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="European Endangered Species Programme">European Endangered Species Programme</a> in 1985. Members of international zoos ratified a global master plan for the <a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">captive breeding</a> of the red panda in 1993. By late 2015, 219 red pandas lived in 42 <a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Japan" title="List of zoos in Japan">zoos in Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu_Himalayan_Zoological_Park" title="Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park">Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park</a> participates in the Red Panda <a href="/wiki/Species_Survival_Plan" title="Species Survival Plan">Species Survival Plan</a> and kept about 25 red pandas by 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2019, 182 European zoos kept 407 red pandas.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regional captive breeding programmes have also been established in North American, Australasian and South African zoos.<sup id="cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_India_-_2009_-_Colnect_159926_-_Red_Panda_Ailurus_fulgens.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stamp showing a red panda in a tree with some Hindi writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Stamp_of_India_-_2009_-_Colnect_159926_-_Red_Panda_Ailurus_fulgens.jpeg/220px-Stamp_of_India_-_2009_-_Colnect_159926_-_Red_Panda_Ailurus_fulgens.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Stamp_of_India_-_2009_-_Colnect_159926_-_Red_Panda_Ailurus_fulgens.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="312" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Red panda on a 2009 stamp from India</figcaption></figure> <p>The red panda's role in the culture and folklore of local people is limited. A drawing of a red panda exists on a 13th-century Chinese scroll.<sup id="cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlatstonGebauer2021-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nepal's <a href="/wiki/Taplejung_District" title="Taplejung District">Taplejung District</a>, red panda claws are used for treating <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>; its skin is used in rituals for treating sick people, making hats, <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow" title="Scarecrow">scarecrows</a> and decorating houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Bista_al2020_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bista_al2020-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In western Nepal, <a href="/wiki/Magars" title="Magars">Magar</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamans</a> use its skin and fur in their ritual dresses and believe that it protects against evil spirits. People in central Bhutan consider red pandas to be <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist monk">Buddhist monks</a>. Some tribal people in northeast India and the <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi people</a> believe that it brings good luck to wear red panda tails or hats made of its fur.<sup id="cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlatstonGebauer2021-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In China, the fur is used for local cultural ceremonies. At weddings, the bridegroom traditionally carries the hide. Hats made of red panda tails are also used by local newlyweds as a "good-luck charm".<sup id="cite_ref-Wei_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wei-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The red panda was recognised as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">state animal</a> of Sikkim in the early 1990s and was the <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a> of the Darjeeling Tea Festival.<sup id="cite_ref-glatston_1994_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glatston_1994-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been featured on stamps and coins issued by several red panda range states. <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">Anthropomorphic</a> red pandas feature in <a href="/wiki/Animated_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated movie">animated movies</a> and TV series such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Snake_Enchantress_(film)" title="The White Snake Enchantress (film)">The White Snake Enchantress</a></i>, <i>Bamboo Bears</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Barbie_as_the_Island_Princess" title="Barbie as the Island Princess">Barbie as the Island Princess</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation" title="DreamWorks Animation">DreamWorks</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Kung_Fu_Panda" title="Kung Fu Panda">Kung Fu Panda</a></i> franchise, <i><a href="/wiki/Aggretsuko" title="Aggretsuko">Aggretsuko</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Disney/Pixar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney/Pixar">Disney/Pixar</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Turning_Red" title="Turning Red">Turning Red</a></i>, and in several video games and comic books. It is the <a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">namesake</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> browser and has been used as the namesake of music bands and of companies. Its appearance has been used for plush toys, t-shirts, postcards and other items.<sup id="cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlatstonGebauer2021-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGlatston,_A.Wei,_F.Than_ZawSherpa,_A.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Glatston, A.; Wei, F.; Than Zaw & Sherpa, A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Ailurus+fulgens&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T714A110023718&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Glatston%2C+A.&rft.au=Wei%2C+F.&rft.au=Than+Zaw&rft.au=Sherpa%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F714%2F110023718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thomas_1902-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thomas_1902_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thomas_1902_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_O.1902" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, O. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/s7annalsmagazine10londuoft#page/251/mode/1up">"On the Panda of Sze-chuen"</a>. <i>Annals and Magazine of Natural History</i>. 7. <b>X</b> (57): 251–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222930208678667">10.1080/00222930208678667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+and+Magazine+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=On+the+Panda+of+Sze-chuen&rft.volume=X&rft.issue=57&rft.pages=251-252&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00222930208678667&rft.au=Thomas%2C+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fs7annalsmagazine10londuoft%23page%2F251%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Introduction2022-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Introduction2022_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlatston,_A._R.2021" class="citation book cs1">Glatston, A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Himalayan+Naturalist&rft.atitle=Communities+in+frontline+in+Red+Panda+conservation%2C+eastern+Nepal&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-12&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Bista%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fonnepal.org%2Ffiles%2Fdownload%2F3Red%2520panda%2520conservation_theHimalayanNaturalist_Volume1Issue1May2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherpa,_A._P.Lama,_S._T.Shrestah,_S.Williams,_B.2021" class="citation book cs1">Sherpa, A. P.; Lama, S. T.; Shrestah, S.; Williams, B. & Bista, D. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcwnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA495">"Red Pandas in Nepal: community-based approach to landscape-level conservation"</a>. In Glatston, A. R. (ed.). <i>Red Panda: Biology and Conservation of the First Panda</i> (Second ed.). London: Academic Press. pp. 495–508. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-823753-3.00019-3">10.1016/B978-0-12-823753-3.00019-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-823753-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-823753-3"><bdi>978-0-12-823753-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243829246">243829246</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327233132/https://books.google.com/books?id=gcwnEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA495">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Red+Pandas+in+Nepal%3A+community-based+approach+to+landscape-level+conservation&rft.btitle=Red+Panda%3A+Biology+and+Conservation+of+the+First+Panda&rft.place=London&rft.pages=495-508&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243829246%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-823753-3.00019-3&rft.isbn=978-0-12-823753-3&rft.au=Sherpa%2C+A.+P.&rft.au=Lama%2C+S.+T.&rft.au=Shrestah%2C+S.&rft.au=Williams%2C+B.&rft.au=Bista%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcwnEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillar,_J.Tenzing,_K.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Millar, J. & Tenzing, K. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1659%2FMRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00025.1">"Transforming degraded rangelands and pastoralists' livelihoods in eastern Bhutan"</a>. <i>Mountain Research and Development</i>. <b>41</b> (4): D1–D7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1659%2FMRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00025.1">10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00025.1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mountain+Research+and+Development&rft.atitle=Transforming+degraded+rangelands+and+pastoralists%27+livelihoods+in+eastern+Bhutan&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=D1-D7&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1659%2FMRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00025.1&rft.au=Millar%2C+J.&rft.au=Tenzing%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1659%252FMRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00025.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wei_al2021-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wei_al2021_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWei,_F.Zhang,_Z.Thapa,_A.Zhijin,_L.2021" class="citation book cs1">Wei, F.; Zhang, Z.; Thapa, A.; Zhijin, L. & Hu, Y. 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(2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055525">"Genetic assessment of captive red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>) population"</a>. <i>SpringerPlus</i>. <b>5</b> (1): 1750. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40064-016-3437-1">10.1186/s40064-016-3437-1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5055525">5055525</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27795893">27795893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SpringerPlus&rft.atitle=Genetic+assessment+of+captive+red+panda+%28Ailurus+fulgens%29+population&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1750&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055525%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27795893&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40064-016-3437-1&rft.au=Kumar%2C+A.&rft.au=Rai%2C+U.&rft.au=Roka%2C+B.&rft.au=Jha%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5055525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKappelhof,_J.Weerman,_J.2020" class="citation journal cs1">Kappelhof, J. & Weerman, J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fizy.12278">"The development of the Red panda <i>Ailurus fulgens</i> EEP: from a failing captive population to a stable population that provides effective support to in situ conservation"</a>. <i>International Zoo Yearbook</i>. <b>54</b> (1): 102–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fizy.12278">10.1111/izy.12278</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Zoo+Yearbook&rft.atitle=The+development+of+the+Red+panda+Ailurus+fulgens+EEP%3A+from+a+failing+captive+population+to+a+stable+population+that+provides+effective+support+to+in+situ+conservation&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=102-112&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fizy.12278&rft.au=Kappelhof%2C+J.&rft.au=Weerman%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fizy.12278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlatstonGebauer2021-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlatstonGebauer2021_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlatston,_A._R.Gebauer,_A.2021" class="citation book cs1">Glatston, A. R. & Gebauer, A. (2021). "People and Red Pandas: the Red Panda's role in economy and culture". In Glatston, A. R. (ed.). <i>Red Panda: Biology and Conservation of the First Panda</i> (Second ed.). London: Academic Press. pp. 1–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-823753-3.00002-8">10.1016/B978-0-12-823753-3.00002-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128237540" title="Special:BookSources/9780128237540"><bdi>9780128237540</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243805192">243805192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=People+and+Red+Pandas%3A+the+Red+Panda%27s+role+in+economy+and+culture&rft.btitle=Red+Panda%3A+Biology+and+Conservation+of+the+First+Panda&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-14&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243805192%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-823753-3.00002-8&rft.isbn=9780128237540&rft.au=Glatston%2C+A.+R.&rft.au=Gebauer%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+panda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Arundinaria maling</i> and <i>A. aristata</i> referred to in the source have since been reclassified to distinct genera occurring in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" class="extiw" title="commons:Ailurus fulgens"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ailurus fulgens</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ailurus_fulgens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ailurus fulgens">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redpandanetwork.org/">Red Panda Network</a> – a non-profit organization committed to the conservation of wild red pandas</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="Striped hyena">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genera_of_red_pandas,_raccoons,_skunks,_mustelids_and_their_extinct_allies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Musteloidea" title="Template:Musteloidea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Musteloidea" title="Template talk:Musteloidea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Musteloidea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Musteloidea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genera_of_red_pandas,_raccoons,_skunks,_mustelids_and_their_extinct_allies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">red pandas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustelid">mustelids</a> and their extinct allies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Musteloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peignictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peignictis (page does not exist)">Peignictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiogale (page does not exist)">Plesiogale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ailurinae" title="Ailurinae">Ailurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ailurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ailurus">Ailurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Magerictis" title="Magerictis">Magerictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parailurus" title="Parailurus">Parailurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pristinailurus" title="Pristinailurus">Pristinailurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Amphictinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphictinae">Amphictinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphictis" title="Amphictis">Amphictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Simocyoninae" title="Simocyoninae">Simocyoninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Actiocyon" title="Actiocyon">Actiocyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alopecocyon" title="Alopecocyon">Alopecocyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protursus" title="Protursus">Protursus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simocyon" title="Simocyon">Simocyon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Brachyprotoma" title="Brachyprotoma">Brachyprotoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conepatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Conepatus">Conepatus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mydaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mydaus">Mydaus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeomephitis" title="Palaeomephitis">Palaeomephitis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Promephitis" title="Promephitis">Promephitis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spilogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Spilogale">Spilogale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amphinasua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amphinasua (page does not exist)">Amphinasua</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angustictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angustictis (page does not exist)">Angustictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Arctonasua" title="Arctonasua">Arctonasua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassaricynoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassaricynoides (page does not exist)">Bassaricynoides</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chapalmalania" title="Chapalmalania">Chapalmalania</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cyonasua" title="Cyonasua">Cyonasua</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edaphocyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edaphocyon (page does not exist)">Edaphocyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parahyaenodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parahyaenodon (page does not exist)">Parahyaenodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paranasua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paranasua (page does not exist)">Paranasua</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parapotos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parapotos (page does not exist)">Parapotos</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probassariscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probassariscus (page does not exist)">Probassariscus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protoprocyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protoprocyon (page does not exist)">Protoprocyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Potos" class="mw-redirect" title="Potos">Potos</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetraprothomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetraprothomo (page does not exist)">Tetraprothomo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ailurus fulgens"><img alt="Ailurus fulgens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG/120px-RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG/180px-RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG/240px-RedPandaFullBody_white_background.JPG 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur,_mit_Beschreibungen_(Plate_CXXI-)_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mephitis mephitis"><img alt="Mephitis mephitis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/180px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg/240px-Die_S%C3%A4ugthiere_in_Abbildungen_nach_der_Natur%2C_mit_Beschreibungen_%28Plate_CXXI-%29_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_(white_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bassaricyon alleni"><img alt="Bassaricyon alleni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg/120px-ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg/180px-ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg/240px-ZooKeys_-_Bassaricyon_alleni_%28white_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acheronictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acheronictis (page does not exist)">Acheronictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragonictis (page does not exist)">Aragonictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arikarictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arikarictis (page does not exist)">Arikarictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circamustela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circamustela (page does not exist)">Circamustela</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erokomellivora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erokomellivora (page does not exist)">Erokomellivora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franconictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franconictis (page does not exist)">Franconictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenyalutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenyalutra (page does not exist)">Kenyalutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinometaxia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinometaxia (page does not exist)">Kinometaxia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laphyctis_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laphyctis (mammal) (page does not exist)">Laphyctis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luogale (page does not exist)">Luogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcetia_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcetia (mammal) (page does not exist)">Marcetia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matanomictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matanomictis (page does not exist)">Matanomictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melidellavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melidellavus (page does not exist)">Melidellavus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mellalictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mellalictis (page does not exist)">Mellalictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesomephitis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesomephitis (page does not exist)">Mesomephitis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miomustela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miomustela (page does not exist)">Miomustela</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Namibictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Namibictis (page does not exist)">Namibictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Oaxacagale" title="Oaxacagale">Oaxacagale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeomeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeomeles (page does not exist)">Palaeomeles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paragale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paragale (page does not exist)">Paragale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parataxidea" title="Parataxidea">Parataxidea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perunium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perunium (page does not exist)">Perunium</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Plesictis" title="Plesictis">Plesictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiogale (page does not exist)">Plesiogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiomeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiomeles (page does not exist)">Plesiomeles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prepoecilogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prepoecilogale (page does not exist)">Prepoecilogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presictis (page does not exist)">Presictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promellivora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promellivora (page does not exist)">Promellivora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proputorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proputorius (page does not exist)">Proputorius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyctis_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyctis (mammal) (page does not exist)">Pyctis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabadellictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabadellictis (page does not exist)">Sabadellictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semantor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semantor (page does not exist)">Semantor</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinictis (page does not exist)">Sinictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivalictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivalictis (page does not exist)">Sivalictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skopelogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skopelogale (page does not exist)">Skopelogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sonitictis" title="Sonitictis">Sonitictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taxodon (page does not exist)">Taxodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochotherium (page does not exist)">Trochotherium</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenictis (page does not exist)">Xenictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zorilla_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zorilla (genus) (page does not exist)">Zorilla</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canimartes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canimartes (page does not exist)">Canimartes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Eira</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferinestrix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferinestrix (page does not exist)">Ferinestrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iberictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iberictis (page does not exist)">Iberictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ischyrictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ischyrictis (page does not exist)">Ischyrictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martes" class="mw-redirect" title="Martes">Martes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiogulo" title="Plesiogulo">Plesiogulo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plionictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plionictis (page does not exist)">Plionictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sthenictis" title="Sthenictis">Sthenictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Helictidinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helictidinae">Helictidinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Melogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Melogale">Melogale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brevimalictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brevimalictis (page does not exist)">Brevimalictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cernictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cernictis (page does not exist)">Cernictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eirictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eirictis (page does not exist)">Eirictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydrictis" title="Enhydrictis">Enhydrictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutravus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutravus (page does not exist)">Lutravus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lyncodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyncodon">Lyncodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martellictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martellictis (page does not exist)">Martellictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negodiaetictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negodiaetictis (page does not exist)">Negodiaetictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oriensictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oriensictis (page does not exist)">Oriensictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pannonictis" title="Pannonictis">Pannonictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poecilictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poecilictis (page does not exist)">Poecilictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poecilogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Poecilogale">Poecilogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sminthosinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sminthosinis (page does not exist)">Sminthosinis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stipanicicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stipanicicia (page does not exist)">Stipanicicia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Trigonictis" title="Trigonictis">Trigonictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trochictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trochictis (page does not exist)">Trochictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vormela" title="Vormela">Vormela</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutrinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutrinae">Lutrinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Algarolutra" title="Algarolutra">Algarolutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrnaonyx" title="Cyrnaonyx">Cyrnaonyx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrnolutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrnolutra">Cyrnolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Djourabus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Djourabus (page does not exist)">Djourabus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydriodon" title="Enhydriodon">Enhydriodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydritherium" title="Enhydritherium">Enhydritherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrictis">Hydrictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnonyx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnonyx (page does not exist)">Limnonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutraeximia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutraeximia (page does not exist)">Lutraeximia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutrictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutrictis (page does not exist)">Lutrictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Megalenhydris" title="Megalenhydris">Megalenhydris</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megencephalon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megencephalon (page does not exist)">Megencephalon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melodon (page does not exist)">Melodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mionictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mionictis (page does not exist)">Mionictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesolutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesolutra (page does not exist)">Nesolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paludolutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paludolutra (page does not exist)">Paludolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paralutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paralutra (page does not exist)">Paralutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelycictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelycictis (page does not exist)">Pelycictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pteronura" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteronura">Pteronura</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sardolutra" title="Sardolutra">Sardolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Satherium" title="Satherium">Satherium</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Siamogale" title="Siamogale">Siamogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivaonyx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivaonyx (page does not exist)">Sivaonyx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Teruelictis" title="Teruelictis">Teruelictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torolutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torolutra (page does not exist)">Torolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyrrhenolutra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tyrrhenolutra (page does not exist)">Tyrrhenolutra</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vishnuonyx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vishnuonyx (page does not exist)">Vishnuonyx</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptarctinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptarctinae (page does not exist)">Leptarctinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craterogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Craterogale (page does not exist)">Craterogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptarctus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptarctus (page does not exist)">Leptarctus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trocharion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trocharion (page does not exist)">Trocharion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melinae">Melinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arctomeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arctomeles (page does not exist)">Arctomeles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctonyx">Arctonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promeles (page does not exist)">Promeles</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mellivorinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellivorinae">Mellivorinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ekorus" title="Ekorus">Ekorus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eomellivora" title="Eomellivora">Eomellivora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hoplictis" title="Hoplictis">Hoplictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Moralesictis" title="Moralesictis">Moralesictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustelavinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustelavinae (page does not exist)">Mustelavinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustelavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustelavus (page does not exist)">Mustelavus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baranogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baranogale (page does not exist)">Baranogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinogale (page does not exist)">Dinogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lartetictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lartetictis (page does not exist)">Lartetictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legionarictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legionarictis (page does not exist)">Legionarictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mustela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustela">Mustela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Putorius (page does not exist)">Putorius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tisisthenes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tisisthenes (page does not exist)">Tisisthenes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Oligobuninae" title="Oligobuninae">Oligobuninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachypsalis" title="Brachypsalis">Brachypsalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corumictis" title="Corumictis">Corumictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floridictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floridictis (page does not exist)">Floridictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megalictis" title="Megalictis">Megalictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oligobunis" title="Oligobunis">Oligobunis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parabrachypsalis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parabrachypsalis (page does not exist)">Parabrachypsalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paroligobunis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paroligobunis (page does not exist)">Paroligobunis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promartes" title="Promartes">Promartes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zodiolestes" title="Zodiolestes">Zodiolestes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taxidiinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxidiinae">Taxidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chamitataxus" title="Chamitataxus">Chamitataxus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliotaxidea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliotaxidea (page does not exist)">Pliotaxidea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxidea">Taxidea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolverine_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gulo gulo"><img alt="Gulo gulo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png/120px-Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png/180px-Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png/240px-Wolverine_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2597" data-file-height="1537" /></a></span> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sable_-_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Martes zibellina"><img alt="Martes zibellina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sable_-_2.png/120px-Sable_-_2.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sable_-_2.png/180px-Sable_-_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sable_-_2.png/240px-Sable_-_2.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="269" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Megalictis_(cropped).PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Megalictis ferox"><img alt="Megalictis ferox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG/120px-Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG/180px-Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG/240px-Megalictis_%28cropped%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="1028" /></a></span> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chamitataxus avitus"><img alt="Chamitataxus avitus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg/120px-Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg/180px-Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg/240px-Chamitataxus_avitus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="346" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ailurus fulgens</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41960" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41960">Q41960</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ailurus_fulgens" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ailurus fulgens">Ailurus fulgens</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ailurus_fulgens/">Ailurus_fulgens</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id1813">1813</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=53181">53181</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65V3W">65V3W</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/327984">327984</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5219446">5219446</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41653">41653</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10861867">10861867</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/95138">95138</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621846">621846</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/714">714</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005802">1005802</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14001690">14001690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9649">9649</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/81563/">81563</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=872562">872562</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=157499">157499</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/7583">7583</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=1352">1352</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Ailurus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19817309" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q19817309">Q19817309</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ailurus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Ailurus">Ailurus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=53180">53180</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/R6J">R6J</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3240045">3240045</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41652">41652</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1430745">1430745</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621773">621773</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14001689">14001689</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9648">9648</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=872565">872565</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43842">43842</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41960#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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