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class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reino (biologia)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 119 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koninkryk_(biologie)" title="Koninkryk (biologie) — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koninkryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(bioloch%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biolochía) — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Reino (biolochía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81)" title="مملكة (تصنيف) — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة (تصنيف)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_(%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="مملكة (بيولوجيا) — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مملكة (بيولوجيا)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান) — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাজ্য (জীৱবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reinu (bioloxía) — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C)" title="عالم (بیولوژی) — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عالم (بیولوژی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Батшалыҡ (биология) — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Батшалыҡ (биология)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahadean_(biyolohiya)" title="Kahadean (biyolohiya) — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kahadean (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялогія) — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Царства (біялогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царства (біялёгія) — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Царства (біялёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(%C3%A8lmu_hayat)" title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat) — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kerajaan (èlmu hayat)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान) — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जगत (जीव बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8E_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE)" title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা) — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জগৎ (জীববিদ্যা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riezad" title="Riezad — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Riezad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(biologija)" title="Carstvo (biologija) — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carstvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_(biologia)" title="Regne (biologia) — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_(biologie)" title="Říše (biologie) — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Říše (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Патшалăх (биологи) — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyrnas_(bioleg)" title="Teyrnas (bioleg) — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Teyrnas (bioleg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rige_(biologi)" title="Rige (biologi) — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rige (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_(Biologie)" title="Reich (Biologie) — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία) — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologio)" title="Regno (biologio) — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regno (biologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (biología) — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino (biología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riik_(bioloogia)" title="Riik (bioloogia) — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riik (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erreinu_(biologia)" title="Erreinu (biologia) — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erreinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9inu_(biologia)" title="Réinu (biologia) — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Réinu (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88" title="فرمانرو — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرمانرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunta_(biologia)" title="Kunta (biologia) — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kunta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie) — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Règne (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(taksonomy)" title="Ryk (taksonomy) — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ryk (taksonomy)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_(bitheola%C3%ADocht)" title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht) — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht (bitheolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía) — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Reino (bioloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavet%C3%A3_(tekovekuaaty)" title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty) — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tavetã (tekovekuaaty)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeriaght_(bea-oaylleeaght)" title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght) — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reeriaght (bea-oaylleeaght)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94_(%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה) — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכה (טקסונומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान) — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जगत (जीवविज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sw%C4%9Bt_(biologija)" title="Swět (biologija) — alto sorábio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swět (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8y_(biyoloji)" title="Rèy (biyoloji) — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rèy (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsz%C3%A1g_(rendszertan)" title="Ország (rendszertan) — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ország (rendszertan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն) — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թագավորություն (կենսաբանություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(rango_taxonomic)" title="Regno (rango taxonomic) — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Regno (rango taxonomic)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi) — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagarian_(biolohia)" title="Pagarian (biolohia) — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADki_(flokkunarfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði) — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ríki (flokkunarfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia) — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%A6)" title="界 (分類学) — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="界 (分類学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krajan_(biologi)" title="Krajan (biologi) — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Krajan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagelda_(tasnudert)" title="Tagelda (tasnudert) — kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagelda (tasnudert)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="계 (생물학) — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%84%D8%B1%D9%B2%D8%B2%D8%A0" title="سۄرٲزؠ — caxemira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سۄرٲزؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(taxinomia)" title="Regnum (taxinomia) — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regnum (taxinomia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ich_(Biologie)" title="Räich (Biologie) — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Räich (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rena_(biolojia)" title="Rena (biolojia) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rena (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(taxonomie)" title="Riek (taxonomie) — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Riek (taxonomie)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalyst%C4%97_(biologija)" title="Karalystė (biologija) — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karalystė (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_(biolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Valsts (bioloģija) — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts (bioloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Кугыжаныш (биологий) — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кугыжаныш (биологий)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82" title="കിങ്ഡം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കിങ്ഡം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0)" title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र) — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="साम्राज्य (जीवशास्त्र)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam_(biologi)" title="Alam (biologi) — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alam (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renju_(bijolo%C4%A1ija)" title="Renju (bijoloġija) — maltês" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Renju (bijoloġija)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80_(%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ) — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လောက (ဇီဝဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(biologgia)" title="Regno (biologgia) — napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Regno (biologgia)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologisk_rike" title="Biologisk rike — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biologisk rike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia) — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Règne (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_(%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8)" title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ) — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ (ଜୀବବିଜ୍ଞାନ)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Паддзахад (биологи) — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Паддзахад (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4_(%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ) — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਗਤ (ਜੀਵ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaarian_(biolohia)" title="Kaarian (biolohia) — pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaarian (biolohia)" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" title="Reino (biologia) — papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Reino (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia) — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królestwo (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_(%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%BE%DA%91%DA%BE%D8%AA)" title="دیس (جیون پڑھت) — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دیس (جیون پڑھت)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikch%27aq_suyu" title="Rikch'aq suyu — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rikch'aq suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn" title="Regn — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Царство (биология) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Царство (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царьство (біолоґія) — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Царьство (біолоґія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Саарыстыба (биология) — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Саарыстыба (биология)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnu_(biolugg%C3%ACa)" title="Regnu (bioluggìa) — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Regnu (bioluggìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carstvo_(taksonomija)" title="Carstvo (taksonomija) — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Carstvo (taksonomija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnsartut_(Tasartut_tussnant)" title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant) — tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnsartut (Tasartut tussnant)" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_(%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80)" title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව) — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජධානිය (ජීව විද්‍යාව)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology) — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AD%C5%A1a_(taxon%C3%B3mia)" title="Ríša (taxonómia) — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ríša (taxonómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljestvo_(biologija)" title="Kraljestvo (biologija) — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljestvo (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boqortooyo_(biyoloji)" title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji) — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boqortooyo (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbret%C3%ABria_(biologji)" title="Mbretëria (biologji) — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mbretëria (biologji)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Царство (биологија) — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Царство (биологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi) — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rike (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himaya_(biolojia)" title="Himaya (biolojia) — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Himaya (biolojia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%8Dlestwo_(biologij%C5%8F)" title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ) — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krōlestwo (biologijŏ)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="திணை (உயிரியல்) — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திணை (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3)" title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ) — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Силсила (зистшиносӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2)" title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา) — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณาจักร (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ealyk_(biologi%C3%BDa)" title="Şalyk (biologiýa) — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şalyk (biologiýa)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_(biyolohiya)" title="Kaharian (biyolohiya) — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82lem_(biyoloji)" title="Âlem (biyoloji) — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Âlem (biyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Патшалык (биология) — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Патшалык (биология)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Царство (біологія) — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Царство (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_(%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="مملکت (حیاتیات) — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت (حیاتیات)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunyo_(biologiya)" title="Dunyo (biologiya) — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dunyo (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_(tasonomia)" title="Regno (tasonomia) — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Regno (tasonomia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_(sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Giới (sinh học) — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giới (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryk_(biologie)" title="Ryk (biologie) — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ryk (biologie)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringne_(biyolodjeye)" title="Ringne (biyolodjeye) — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ringne (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_(biyolohiya)" title="Regnum (biyolohiya) — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Regnum (biyolohiya)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%88%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%EF%BC%89" title="界（生物） — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="界（生物）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_(biologie)" title="Riek (biologie) — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Riek (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" title="界 (生物) — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="界 (生物)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0i_(hun-l%C5%ABi-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k) — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kài (hun-lūi-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%8C" title="界 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="界" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Reino+%28biologia%29">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Reino+%28biologia%29&oq=Reino+%28biologia%29">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Reino+%28biologia%29">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Reino+%28biologia%29">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Dezembro de 2016</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68971778"><table class="box-Reciclagem plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Reciclagem" title="Wikipédia:Reciclagem"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/40px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/60px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/80px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Este artigo carece de <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Reciclagem" title="Wikipédia:Reciclagem">reciclagem</a> de acordo com o <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo">livro de estilo</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Sinta-se livre para editá-lo(a) para que este(a) possa atingir um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Como_escrever_um_bom_artigo" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Como escrever um bom artigo">nível de qualidade superior</a>.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Dezembro de 2016</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Se procura outros significados de Reino, veja <a href="/wiki/Reino" class="mw-disambig" title="Reino">Reino</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg" title="Ficheiro:Biological classification L Pengo vflip-pt.svg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg/150px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg/225px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg/300px-Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="590" usemap="#ImageMap_5a56df27fa21ebd8" resource="/wiki/Ficheiro:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip-pt.svg" /></a><map name="ImageMap_5a56df27fa21ebd8"><area href="/wiki/Organismo" shape="rect" coords="65,10,147,37" alt="Vida" title="Vida" /><area href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,51,147,78" alt="Domínio" title="Domínio" /><area href="/wiki/Reino_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,93,147,120" alt="Reino" title="Reino" /><area href="/wiki/Filo" shape="rect" coords="65,134,147,161" alt="Filo" title="Filo" /><area href="/wiki/Classe_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,175,147,202" alt="Classe" title="Classe" /><area href="/wiki/Ordem_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,217,147,244" alt="Ordem" title="Ordem" /><area href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,258,147,285" alt="Família" title="Família" /><area href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nero_(biologia)" shape="rect" coords="65,299,147,327" alt="Gênero" title="Gênero" /><area href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie" shape="rect" coords="65,341,147,368" alt="Espécie" title="Espécie" /></map><figcaption>A hierarquia de <a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Classificação científica">classificação científica</a> dos oito maiores <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1xon" title="Táxon">táxons</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O <b>Reino</b> é a categoria superior da <a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Classificação científica">classificação científica</a> dos <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">organismos</a> introduzida por <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a> no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XVIII" title="Século XVIII">século XVIII</a>. </p><p>Quando Carl Linnaeus introduziu o sistema hierárquico de nomenclatura na biologia em 1735, o posto mais alto recebeu o nome de "reino" e foi seguido por quatro outras categorias principais: classe, ordem, gênero e espécie. Originalmente, Lineu considerou as <i>coisas naturais</i> no mundo divididas em dois reinos: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> - os "animais" (com <a href="/wiki/Movimento" title="Movimento">movimento</a> próprio)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> - as "plantas" (com movimento designado <a href="/wiki/Fototropismo" title="Fototropismo">fototropismo</a>)</li></ul> <p>Os reinos são subdivididos em filos (para o reino animal) ou <b>divisões</b> (para as plantas). </p><p>Quando se descobriu os organismos <a href="/wiki/Unicelular" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicelular">unicelulares</a>, estes foram divididos entre os dois reinos de organismos vivos. As formas com <a href="/wiki/Movimento" title="Movimento">movimento</a> foram colocadas no filo <b><a href="/wiki/Protozo%C3%A1rio" title="Protozoário">Protozoa</a></b> e as formas com <a href="/wiki/Pigmento" title="Pigmento">pigmentos</a> <a href="/wiki/Fotoss%C3%ADntese" title="Fotossíntese">fotossintéticos</a> na divisão <b><a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">Algae</a></b>. As <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria" title="Bactéria">bactérias</a> foram classificadas em várias divisões das plantas. </p><p>Com a falta de comunicação existente naquele tempo, certas <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A9cie" title="Espécie">espécies</a> - por exemplo, a <i><a href="/wiki/Euglena" title="Euglena">Euglena</a></i>, que é verde e móvel - foram classificadas umas vezes como plantas, outras vezes como animais. Então, por sugestão de <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, foi criado um terceiro reino de organismos vivos, o reino <b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> para acomodar estas formas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Faulkner_Copeland" title="Herbert Faulkner Copeland">Herbert Copeland</a> introduziu um quarto reino para as bactérias, que têm uma organização celular <a href="/wiki/Procarionte" title="Procarionte">procariótica</a>, enquanto que os organismos dos restantes três reinos são formados por organismos <a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">eucarióticos</a>. Ele chamou a este reino <b><a href="/wiki/Mychota" class="mw-redirect" title="Mychota">Mychota</a></b>, nome que foi mais tarde substituído por <b><a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a></b> (que significa <i>formas primitivas</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Whittaker" title="Robert Whittaker">Robert Whittaker</a> incluiu os <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">fungos</a> no reino <b>Fungi</b>, ficando a haver três reinos para organismos <a href="/wiki/Multicelular" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicelular">multicelulares</a>: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Autotr%C3%B3fico" class="mw-redirect" title="Autotrófico">autotróficos</a> - Reino das Plantas</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Sapr%C3%B3fito" class="mw-redirect" title="Saprófito">saprófitos</a>, - Reino dos fungos (como cogumelos, bolores etc.)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Heterotr%C3%B3fico" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterotrófico">heterotróficos</a> - Reino dos animais</li></ul> <p>e mais dois reinos para os organismos unicelulares ou <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3nia" title="Colónia">coloniais</a>: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> - Reino das Algas Unicelulares e dos Protozoários, há ainda uma discussão para a criação do Reino Algae, para as algas.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a></b> - Reino das Bactérias e Cianobactérias (ou algas azuis)</li></ul> <p><b>OBS.:</b> O <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Reino Fungi</a> atualmente compreende seres tanto <u>multicelulares</u> quanto <u>unicelulares</u>. </p><p>Este sistema dos cinco reinos ainda é bastante usado na literatura científica. </p><p>Um outro sistema foi proposto para incluir os <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">vírus</a>, com seis reinos, divididos por três super-reinos e o grupo supremo, o <b>Superdomínio Biota</b>: </p> <ul><li>Super-domínio: <b><a href="/wiki/Biota" class="mw-redirect" title="Biota">Biota</a></b> - Todos os organismos vivos, sem nenhuma exceção. <ul><li>Super-reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Acytota" class="mw-redirect" title="Acytota">Acytota</a></b> - organismos acelulares (também chamado "império" ou <a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_(biologia)" title="Domínio (biologia)">domínio</a> <a href="/wiki/Aphanobionta" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanobionta">Aphanobionta</a>) <ul><li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Reino_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino virus">Vírus</a></b> - os <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADrus" title="Vírus">vírus</a> e agentes sub-virais</li></ul></li> <li>Super-reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a></b> - organismos sem <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular">núcleo celular</a> organizado <ul><li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a></b> - as bactérias</li></ul></li> <li>Super-reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></b> - organismos com <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular">núcleo celular</a> organizado <ul><li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b> - os fungos</li> <li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Metaphyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphyta">Metaphyta</a></b> - as <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">plantas</a> "superiores"</li> <li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Metazoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoa">Metazoa</a></b> - os <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animais</a></li> <li>Reino: <b><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></b> - os protozoários e algas unicelulares</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Recentemente, no entanto, novas investigações sobre a <a href="/wiki/Filogenia" title="Filogenia">filogenia</a> dos organismos levaram a um novo sistema de classificação, a <a href="/wiki/Clad%C3%ADstica" title="Cladística">cladística</a>. A mais importante foi a descoberta de <a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a>, em 1977, de que os <a href="/wiki/Procarionte" title="Procarionte">procariotas</a> compreendiam dois grupos distintos, a que ele chamou <b><a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria" title="Bactéria">Eubacteria</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a></b> que foram denominadas mais tarde, por ele, como <b><a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A9ria" title="Bactéria">Bacteria</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></b>. </p><p>Esta descoberta levou ao sistema de classificação <a href="/wiki/Clad%C3%ADstica" title="Cladística">cladístico</a> dos organismos em três <b><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%ADnio_(biologia)" title="Domínio (biologia)">Domínios</a></b>, que se pretendia que fossem um substituto dos Reinos, mas que acabou por ser usado como um "super-reino" (se bem que ainda possa ser utilizada a proposta dos super-reinos, pois no reino Monera os domínios Bacteria e Archaea são sub-reinos). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolução_dos_sistemas_de_classificação"><span id="Evolu.C3.A7.C3.A3o_dos_sistemas_de_classifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Evolução dos sistemas de classificação</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_(biologia)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Evolução dos sistemas de classificação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reino_(biologia)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Evolução dos sistemas de classificação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O quadro abaixo mostra as relações entre estes sistemas de classificação: </p> <table style="margin-left: 0.5em; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a><br />1735<sup id="cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Haeckel</a><br />1866<sup id="cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Chatton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Chatton (página não existe)">Chatton</a><br />1925<sup id="cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chatton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chatton-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Copeland" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Copeland">Copeland</a><br />1938<sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Whittaker" title="Robert Whittaker">Whittaker</a><br />1969<sup id="cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Woese</a> et al.<br />1977<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Woese et al.<br />1990<sup id="cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cavalier-Smith" title="Thomas Cavalier-Smith">Cavalier-Smith</a><br />1993<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="padding: 4px; border-bottom: solid black 1px;">Cavalier-Smith<br />1998<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">2 reinos </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">3 reinos </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_dos_dois_imp%C3%A9rios" title="Sistema dos dois impérios">2 impérios</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">4 reinos</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">5 reinos</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;">6 reinos </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_dos_tr%C3%AAs_dom%C3%ADnios" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema dos três domínios">3 domínios</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">8 reinos</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: double black 3px; border-left: solid black 1px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">6 reinos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="padding-left: 4px;"><i>(não tratado)</i> </td> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="5" style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Prokaryota" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryota">Prokaryota</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Monera" title="Monera">Monera</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eubacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubacteria">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eubacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eubacteria">Eubacteria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="darkgray" style="padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td> <td bgcolor="darkgray" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a> </td> <td bgcolor="darkgray" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archaebacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaebacteria">Archaebacteria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#e0d0b0" rowspan="6" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="3" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protoctista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoctista">Protoctista</a> </td> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="3" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a> </td> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="3" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#e0d0b0" rowspan="6" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Eukarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukarya">Eukarya</a> </td> <td bgcolor="PeachPuff" rowspan="1" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Archezoa" title="Archezoa">Archezoa</a> </td> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="khaki" rowspan="1" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Protozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoa">Protozoa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="burlywood" rowspan="1" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a> </td> <td bgcolor="burlywood" rowspan="1" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Chromista" title="Chromista">Chromista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetabilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetabilia">Vegetabilia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" rowspan="2" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightblue" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightblue" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightblue" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> </td> <td bgcolor="lightblue" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px;"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td> <td bgcolor="pink" style="padding-left: 4px; border-left: dotted black 1px;"><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Linnaeus1735-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Linnaeus1735_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">LINNAEUS, C. (1735). <i>Systemae Naturae, sive regna tria naturae, systematics proposita per classes, ordines, genera & species</i>. [S.l.: s.n.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.au=LINNAEUS%2C+C.&rft.btitle=Systemae+Naturae%2C+sive+regna+tria+naturae%2C+systematics+proposita+per+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera+%26+species&rft.date=1735&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haeckel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Haeckel_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">HAECKEL, E. (1866). <i>Generelle Morphologie der Organismen</i>. [S.l.]: Reimer, Berlin</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.au=HAECKEL%2C+E.&rft.btitle=Generelle+Morphologie+der+Organismen&rft.date=1866&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Reimer%2C+Berlin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton1925-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton1925_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CHATTON, É. (1925). «<i>Pansporella perplexa</i>. Réflexions sur la biologie et la phylogénie des protozoaires». <i>Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale</i>. 10-VII: 1–84</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Pansporella+perplexa.+R%C3%A9flexions+sur+la+biologie+et+la+phylog%C3%A9nie+des+protozoaires&rft.au=CHATTON%2C+%C3%89.&rft.date=1925&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+des+Sciences+Naturelles+-+Zoologie+et+Biologie+Animale&rft.pages=1-84&rft.volume=10-VII&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chatton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Chatton_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">CHATTON, É. (1937). <i>Titres et Travaux Scientifiques (1906–1937)</i>. [S.l.]: Sette, Sottano, Italy</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.au=CHATTON%2C+%C3%89.&rft.btitle=Titres+et+Travaux+Scientifiques+%281906%931937%29&rft.date=1937&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Sette%2C+Sottano%2C+Italy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1938-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1938_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">COPELAND, H. (1938). «The kingdoms of organisms». <i>Quarterly Review of Biology</i>. <b>13</b>: 383–420. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F394568">10.1086/394568</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=The+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.au=COPELAND%2C+H.&rft.date=1938&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Review+of+Biology&rft.pages=383-420&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F394568&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Copeland1956-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Copeland1956_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">COPELAND, H.F. (1956). <i>The Classification of Lower Organisms</i>. Palo Alto: Pacific Books. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474">10.5962/bhl.title.4474</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.au=COPELAND%2C+H.F.&rft.btitle=The+Classification+of+Lower+Organisms&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Palo+Alto&rft.pub=Pacific+Books&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.4474&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whittaker1969-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Whittaker1969_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">WHITTAKER, R.H. (1969). «New concepts of kingdoms of organisms». <i>Science</i>. <b>163</b> (3863): 150–60. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5762760">5762760</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150">10.1126/science.163.3863.150</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=New+concepts+of+kingdoms+of+organisms&rft.au=WHITTAKER%2C+R.H.&rft.date=1969&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3863&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=150-60&rft.volume=163&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5762760&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">WOESE, C.R.; BALCH, W.E.; MAGRUM, L.J.; FOX, G.E.; WOLFE, R.S. (1977). «An ancient divergence among the bacteria». <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>. <b>9</b> (4): 305–311. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/408502">408502</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01796092">10.1007/BF01796092</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=An+ancient+divergence+among+the+bacteria&rft.au=WOESE%2C+C.R.%3B+BALCH%2C+W.E.%3B+MAGRUM%2C+L.J.%3B+FOX%2C+G.E.%3B+WOLFE%2C+R.S.&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Evolution&rft.pages=305-311&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01796092&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F408502&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1977b-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1977b_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">WOESE, C.R.; Fox, G.E. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC432104">«Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms»</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>74</b> (11): 5088–90. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC432104">432104</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/270744">270744</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088">10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+structure+of+the+prokaryotic+domain%3A+the+primary+kingdoms&rft.au=WOESE%2C+C.R.%3B+Fox%2C+G.E.&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=5088-90&rft.volume=74&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC432104&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC432104&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.74.11.5088&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F270744&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woese1990-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woese1990_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">WOESE, C.; KANDLER, O.; WHEELIS, M. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159">«Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya»</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>87</b> (12): 4576–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990PNAS...87.4576W">1990PNAS...87.4576W</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159">54159</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2112744">2112744</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576">10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Towards+a+natural+system+of+organisms%3A+proposal+for+the+domains+Archaea%2C+Bacteria%2C+and+Eucarya&rft.au=WOESE%2C+C.%3B+KANDLER%2C+O.%3B+WHEELIS%2C+M.&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=4576-9&rft.volume=87&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54159&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC54159&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990PNAS...87.4576W&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.87.12.4576&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2112744&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T. (1981). «Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?». <i>Bio Systems</i>. <b>14</b> (3–4): 461–481. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2">10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Eukaryote+kingdoms%3A+seven+or+nine%3F&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T.&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3%934&rft.jtitle=Bio+Systems&rft.pages=461-481&rft.volume=14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T. (1992). «Origins of secondary metabolism». <i>Ciba Foundation symposium</i>. <b>171</b>: 64–80</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Origins+of+secondary+metabolism&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T.&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ciba+Foundation+symposium&rft.pages=64-80&rft.volume=171&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T. (1993). «Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla». <i>Microbiological reviews</i>. <b>57</b> (4): 953–994</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Kingdom+protozoa+and+its+18+phyla&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T.&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Microbiological+reviews&rft.pages=953-994&rft.volume=57&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T. (1998). «A revised six-kingdom system of life». <i>Biological Reviews</i>. <b>73</b> (03): 203–66. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809012">9809012</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x">10.1111/j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=A+revised+six-kingdom+system+of+life&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=03&rft.jtitle=Biological+Reviews&rft.pages=203-66&rft.volume=73&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9809012&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CavalierSmith2004-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith2004_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691724">«Only six kingdoms of life»</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences</i>. <b>271</b>: 1251–62. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691724">1691724</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15306349">15306349</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705">10.1098/rspb.2004.2705</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Only+six+kingdoms+of+life&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B+Biological+Sciences&rft.pages=1251-62&rft.volume=271&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691724&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1691724&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.2004.2705&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15306349&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20031978-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20031978_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">CAVALIER-SMITH, T (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880060">«Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree»</a>. <i>Biology Letters</i>. <b>6</b> (3): 342–5. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880060">2880060</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20031978">20031978</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948">10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AReino+%28biologia%29&rft.atitle=Kingdoms+Protozoa+and+Chromista+and+the+eozoan+root+of+the+eukaryotic+tree&rft.au=CAVALIER-SMITH%2C+T&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.pages=342-5&rft.volume=6&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2880060&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2880060&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2009.0948&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20031978&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Whittaker, R.H. (1959). <i>On the broad classification of organisms.</i> Quart. Rev. Biol. 34, 210-226. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2816520">http://www.jstor.org/stable/2816520</a></li> <li>Whittaker, R.H. (1969). <i>New concepts of kingdoms of organisms.</i> Science 163, 150-160.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sistema_de_classificação_biológica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_biol%C3%B3gica" title="Predefinição:Classificação biológica"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_biol%C3%B3gica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Classificação biológica (página não existe)"><abbr 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceitos associados</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">Organismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">Clado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fen%C3%A9tica" title="Fenética">Fenética</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rvore_filogen%C3%A9tica" title="Árvore filogenética">Árvore filogenética</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origem_comum" title="Origem comum">Origem comum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomia_de_Lineu" title="Taxonomia de Lineu">Taxonomia de Lineu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zootaxonomia" title="Zootaxonomia">Zootaxonomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistema_dos_Tr%C3%AAs_Dom%C3%ADnios" title="Sistema dos Três Domínios">Sistema dos Três Domínios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipo_nomenclatural" title="Tipo nomenclatural">Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichnot%C3%A1xon" title="Ichnotáxon">Ichnotáxon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Normas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclatura_binomial" title="Nomenclatura binomial">Nomenclatura binomial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_Bot%C3%A2nica" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica">Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_Zool%C3%B3gica" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica">Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_de_Bact%C3%A9rias" class="mw-redirect" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Bactérias">Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Bactérias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Internacional_de_Nomenclatura_de_Plantas_Cultivadas" title="Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas">Código Internacional de Nomenclatura de Plantas Cultivadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_v%C3%ADrus" title="Classificação dos vírus">Classificação dos vírus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhyloCode" class="mw-redirect" title="PhyloCode">PhyloCode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BioCode" title="BioCode">BioCode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36732" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q36732">Q36732</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Floren%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florença">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=27918">27918</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4673311">4673311</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/kingdom-taxon">ID</a></span></span></span></li></ul> 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