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<li id="toc-Nineteenth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nineteenth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nineteenth century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nineteenth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_presence_(1899–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_presence_(1899–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Naval presence (1899–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_presence_(1899–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_contamination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_contamination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Environmental contamination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_contamination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meregrotah%C8%B3%C3%B0" title="Meregrotahȳð – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Meregrotahȳð" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بيرل هاربر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيرل هاربر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="পার্ল হারবার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পার্ল হারবার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chin-chu-k%C3%A1ng" title="Chin-chu-káng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chin-chu-káng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пёрл-Харбар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пёрл-Харбар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пэрл-Гарбар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрл-Гарбар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Пърл Харбър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пърл Харбър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(luuk_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Hawaii)" title="Pearl Harbor (luuk sa Tinipong Bansa, Hawaii) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pearl Harbor (luuk sa Tinipong Bansa, Hawaii)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BB_%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Περλ Χάρμπορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περλ Χάρμπορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پرل هاربر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرل هاربر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(lagune)" title="Pearl Harbor (lagune) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pearl Harbor (lagune)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%8C" title="진주만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진주만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC_%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Փերլ Հարբոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փերլ Հարբոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="पर्ल हार्बर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्ल हार्बर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor,_Havaji" title="Pearl Harbor, Havaji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pearl Harbor, Havaji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perluh%C3%B6fn" title="Perluhöfn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Perluhöfn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="פרל הארבור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרל הארבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл-Харбор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Перл-Харбор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл-Харбор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Перл-Харбор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portus_Margaritarum" title="Portus Margaritarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Portus Margaritarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93rlh%C4%81rbora" title="Pērlhārbora – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pērlhārbora" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Harboras" title="Perl Harboras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Perl Harboras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC" title="പേൾ ഹാർബർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പേൾ ഹാർബർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0" title="पर्ल हार्बर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्ल हार्बर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پرل هاربر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرل هاربر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_(%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3)" title="Сувдан эрэг (АНУ) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сувдан эрэг (АНУ)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B2%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ပုလဲဆိပ်ကမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပုလဲဆိပ်ကမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(haven)" title="Pearl Harbor (haven) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pearl Harbor (haven)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%8F%A0%E6%B9%BE" title="真珠湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="真珠湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پرل ہاربر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرل ہاربر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл-Харбор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Перл-Харбор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پرل هاربر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پرل هاربر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearlharborsk%C3%A1_z%C3%A1toka" title="Pearlharborská zátoka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pearlharborská zátoka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл Харбор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перл Харбор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl_Harbor" title="Perl Harbor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பேர்ள் துறைமுகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேர்ள் துறைமுகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл-Харбор – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Перл-Харбор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เพิร์ลฮาร์เบอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพิร์ลฮาร์เบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB-%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Перл-Гарбор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перл-Гарбор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="پرل ہاربر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرل ہاربر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A2n_Ch%C3%A2u_C%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Trân Châu Cảng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trân Châu Cảng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pearl Harbor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="珍珠港" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פערל הארבער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערל הארבער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="珍珠港" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127091#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For its current operations as a military base, see <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor%E2%80%93Hickam" title="Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam">Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam</a>. For the attack operation in 1941, see <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pearl Harbor (disambiguation)">Pearl Harbor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Pearl Harbor</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_adaa0e76309671cf64dab5c0b2a453ce6148c561"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Pearl_Harbor&revid=1273294137&groups=_adaa0e76309671cf64dab5c0b2a453ce6148c561" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Pearl_Harbor&revid=1273294137&groups=_adaa0e76309671cf64dab5c0b2a453ce6148c561 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pearl Harbor is located in Hawaii"><img alt="Pearl Harbor is located in Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg/256px-USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg/384px-USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg/512px-USA_Hawaii_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="935" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.895%;left:44.638%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pearl Harbor"><img alt="Pearl Harbor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Pearl Harbor</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Hawaii</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pearl Harbor is located in Pacific Ocean"><img alt="Pearl Harbor is located in Pacific Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Pacific_Ocean_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.29%;left:54.152%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pearl Harbor"><img alt="Pearl Harbor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Pearl Harbor</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pacific Ocean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pearl_Harbor&params=21.3679_N_157.9771_W_type:waterbody_region:US"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°22′04″N</span> <span class="longitude">157°58′38″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.3679°N 157.9771°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">21.3679; -157.9771</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG/220px-Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG/330px-Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG/440px-Ford_Island_aerial_photo_RIMPAC_1986.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Seen in 1986 with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Island" title="Ford Island">Ford Island</a> in center. The <a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona_Memorial" title="USS Arizona Memorial">USS Arizona Memorial</a> is the small white dot on the left side above Ford Island.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pearl Harbor</b> is an American <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a> <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbor</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>, Hawaii, west of <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. It was often visited by the naval fleet of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, before it was acquired from the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a> by the U.S. with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_Treaty_of_1875" title="Reciprocity Treaty of 1875">Reciprocity Treaty of 1875</a>. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands are now a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Pacific_Fleet" title="United States Pacific Fleet">United States Pacific Fleet</a>. The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">surprise attack</a> on the harbor by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> on December 7, 1941, led the United States to <a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Japan" title="United States declaration of war on Japan">declare war</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>, marking the United States' entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhpphotos_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpphotos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hawaii" title="History of Hawaii">History of Hawaii</a></div> <p>Pearl Harbor was originally an extensive shallow <a href="/wiki/Embayment" class="mw-redirect" title="Embayment">embayment</a> called <i>Wai Momi</i> (meaning 'Waters of Pearl')<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Puʻuloa</i> (meaning 'long hill') by the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian people">Hawaiians</a>. Puʻuloa was regarded as the home of the shark goddess, Kaʻahupahau, and her brother (or son), Kahiʻuka, in Hawaiian legends. According to tradition, <a href="/wiki/Keaunui" title="Keaunui">Keaunui</a>, the head of the powerful Ewa chiefs, is credited with cutting a navigable channel near the present Puʻuloa saltworks, by which he made the estuary, known as "Pearl River", accessible to navigation. Making due allowance for legendary amplification, the estuary already had an outlet for its waters where the present gap is; but Keaunui is typically given the credit for widening and deepening it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nineteenth_century">Nineteenth century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hawaii">Kingdom of Hawaii</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pearl_Harbor" title="Special:EditPage/Pearl Harbor">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg/220px-Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg/330px-Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg/440px-Pu%CA%BBuloa_in_the_1880s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1341" /></a><figcaption>Pearl Harbor in the 1880s</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early nineteenth century, Pearl Harbor was not used for large ships due to its shallow entrance. The United States' interest in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> grew as a result of its whaling, shipping and trading activity in the Pacific. As early as 1820, an "Agent of the United States for Commerce and Seamen" was appointed to look after American business in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Honolulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Honolulu">Port of Honolulu</a>. These commercial ties to the American continent were accompanied by the work of the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Commissioners_for_Foreign_Missions" title="American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions">American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions</a>. American missionaries and their families became an integral part of the Hawaiian political body. </p><p>Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, many American warships visited Honolulu. In most cases, the commanding officers carried letters from the U.S. Government giving advice on governmental affairs and of the relations of the island nation with foreign powers. In 1841, the newspaper <i>Polynesian</i>, printed in Honolulu, advocated that the U.S. establish a naval base in Hawaii for the protection of American citizens engaged in the whaling industry. The British Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crichton_Wyllie" title="Robert Crichton Wyllie">Robert Crichton Wyllie</a>, remarked in 1840 that, "... my opinion is that the tide of events rushes on to annexation to the United States." </p><p>From the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, to the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, to the increased importance of the Pacific states, the projected trade with countries in Asia and the desire for a duty-free market for Hawaiian staples, Hawaiian trade expanded. In 1865, the North Pacific Squadron was formed to embrace the western coast and Hawaii. <a href="/wiki/USS_Lackawanna_(1862)" title="USS Lackawanna (1862)"><i>Lackawanna</i></a> in the following year was assigned to cruise among the islands, "a locality of great and increasing interest and importance". This vessel surveyed the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands" title="Northwestern Hawaiian Islands">Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</a> toward Japan. As a result, the United States claimed <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Island</a>. The Secretary of the Navy was able to write in his annual report of 1868, that in November 1867, 42 American flags flew over whaleships and merchant vessels in Honolulu to only six of other nations. This increased activity caused the permanent assignment of at least one warship to Hawaiian waters. It also praised Midway Island as possessing a harbor surpassing Honolulu's. In the following year, Congress approved an appropriation of $50,000 on March 1, 1869, to deepen the approaches to this harbor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor,_Hawaii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/220px-ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/330px-ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/440px-ISS021-E-15710_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Astronaut photograph of Pearl Harbor from October 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg/220px-Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg/330px-Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg/440px-Entrance_to_Pearl_Harbor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to Pearl Harbor</figcaption></figure> <p>After 1868, when the Commander of the Pacific Fleet visited the islands to look after American interests, naval officers played an important role in internal affairs. They served as arbitrators in business disputes, negotiators of trade agreements and defenders of law and order. Periodic voyages among the islands and to the mainland aboard U.S. warships were arranged for members of the Hawaiian royal family and important island government officials. When King <a href="/wiki/Lunalilo" title="Lunalilo">Lunalilo</a> died in 1873, negotiations were underway for the cession of Pearl Harbor as a port for the duty-free export of sugar to the U.S.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With the election of King <a href="/wiki/Kal%C4%81kaua" title="Kalākaua">Kalākaua</a> in March 1874, <a href="/wiki/Honolulu_Courthouse_riot" title="Honolulu Courthouse riot">a riot</a> prompted landing of sailors from <a href="/wiki/USS_Tuscarora_(1861)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Tuscarora (1861)">USS <i>Tuscarora</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Portsmouth_(1843)" title="USS Portsmouth (1843)"><i>Portsmouth</i></a>. The British warship, <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Tenedos_(1870)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Tenedos (1870) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Tenedos</i></a>, also landed a token force. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/King_Kal%C4%81kaua" class="mw-redirect" title="King Kalākaua">King Kalākaua</a> the United States was granted exclusive rights to enter Pearl Harbor and to establish "a coaling and repair station". </p><p>Although this treaty continued in force until August 1898, the U.S. did not fortify Pearl Harbor as a naval base. As it had for 60 years, the shallow entrance constituted a formidable barrier against the use of the deep protected waters of the inner harbor. </p><p>The United States and the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaiian Kingdom</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_Treaty_of_1875" title="Reciprocity Treaty of 1875">Reciprocity Treaty of 1875</a> as supplemented by Convention on December 6, 1884. This treaty was ratified in 1887. On January 20, 1887, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> allowed the Navy the exclusive right to maintain a coaling and repair station at Pearl Harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The US took possession on November 9 that year). The <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a> of 1898 and the desire for the United States to have a permanent presence in the Pacific both contributed to the decision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_presence_(1899–present)"><span id="Naval_presence_.281899.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Naval presence (1899–present)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor" title="Naval Station Pearl Harbor">Naval Station Pearl Harbor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_USS_Arizona_(BB-39)_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/220px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/330px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg/440px-The_USS_Arizona_%28BB-39%29_burning_after_the_Japanese_attack_on_Pearl_Harbor_-_NARA_195617_-_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2326" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Arizona" title="USS Arizona">USS <i>Arizona</i></a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, December 7, 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> established a base on the island in 1899. On December 7, 1941, the base was <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attacked</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> airplanes and midget submarines, causing the American entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. There was no meaningful plan for the air defense of Hawaii, for American commanders thought the Japanese would attack either <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and had no understanding of the capabilities and proper employment of air power. As it was, had the Pacific Fleet acted on the war warnings, it undoubtedly would have <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sortied</a> and been at sea on December 7, where the major ships would have been sunk in deep water, making salvage impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the devastating Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor, two American military commanders, Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Short" title="Walter Short">Walter Short</a> and Adm. <a href="/wiki/Husband_E._Kimmel" title="Husband E. Kimmel">Husband Kimmel</a>, were demoted of their full ranks. The two American commanders later sought to restore their reputations and full ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor,_Hawaii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/220px-US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/330px-US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg/440px-US_Navy_040702-N-4304S-136_Warships_from_several_nations_sit_pierside_at_Naval_Station_Pearl_Harbor%2C_Hawaii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>Warships from various nations at Pearl Harbor for the 2004 <a href="/wiki/RIMPAC" title="RIMPAC">RIMPAC</a> exercises</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the years, Pearl Harbor remained a main base for the <a href="/wiki/US_Pacific_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="US Pacific Fleet">US Pacific Fleet</a> after World War II along with <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_San_Diego" title="Naval Base San Diego">Naval Base San Diego</a>. In 2010, the Navy and the Air Force merged their two nearby bases; Pearl Harbor joined with <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam Field">Hickam Air Force Base</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor%E2%80%93Hickam" title="Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam">Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam</a>. </p><p>In December 2016, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japanese Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a> made a joint visit to Pearl Harbor with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. This trip marked the 75th anniversary of the attack and was the first official visit by a sitting Japanese leader.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 4, 2019, a <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> sailor killed two civilian workers and wounded another, before shooting himself at the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Naval_Shipyard" title="Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard">Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_contamination">Environmental contamination</h2></div> <p>On October 14, 1992, the US <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a> added the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_Naval_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl Harbor Naval Complex">Pearl Harbor Naval Complex</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Superfund" title="Superfund">superfund</a> to the so-called <a href="/wiki/National_Priorities_List" title="National Priorities List">National Priorities List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-epa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Clarey_Bridge" title="Admiral Clarey Bridge">Admiral Clarey Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge">Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 7,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atimes.com&rft.atitle=We+did+our+jobs%3A+Japanese+participant+remembers+Pearl+Harbor&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=Shingo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiatimes.com%2Farticle%2Fjobs-japanese-participant-remembers-pearl-harbor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Harbor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelleher2019" class="citation web cs1">Kelleher, Jennifer Sinco (December 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/2dec5ee8ce885061fe25c699a43eb71b">"Pearl Harbor shooting unfolded in 23 seconds in packed area"</a>. <i>apnews.com</i>. 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June 28, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230616032033/https://semspub.epa.gov/work/HQ/188825.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EPA&rft.atitle=EPA%2FROD%2FR2006090001499+2006+EPA+Superfund+Record+of+Decision%3A+Pearl+Harbor+Naval+Complex&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsemspub.epa.gov%2Fwork%2FHQ%2F188825.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APearl+Harbor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navsup.navy.mil/NAVSUP-Enterprise/NAVSUP-FLC-Pearl-Harbor/">Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics Center Pearl Harbor</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1921 <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's Encyclopedia</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Pearl_Harbor" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=4902">British Pathé</a> Online archive of Pearl Harbor and related footage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/topics/pearl-harbor">Pearl Harbor</a> on The History Channel</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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