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vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Chef-menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Chef-menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Chef-menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frontispico" title="Vizitez la chefpagino [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Chefpagino</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Komuneso-portalo" title="Pri la projeto, quon vu facus, ube trovus utilaji"><span>Portalo di la komunitato</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Aktualaji" title="Trovez informi pri nuna eventi"><span>Aktualajo</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RecentaChanji" title="Listo di recenta chanji en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recenta chanji</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:HazardaPagino" title="Vizitez hazarda pagino [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagino hazarde</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Helpo" title="La loko por trovar ulo."><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Frontispico" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-io.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La Libera Enciklopedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-io.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specala:Serchar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serchuro</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serchez en Wikipedio" aria-label="Serchez en Wikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specala:Serchar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serchez</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personala utensili"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io" class=""><span>Donacaji</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=R%C4%ABga&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=R%C4%ABga&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Enirar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plusa selekti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personala utensili" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personala utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Uzero-menuo" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io"><span>Donacaji</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kontributar</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=R%C4%ABga&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krear konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=R%C4%ABga&returntoquery=action%3Dedit" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Enirar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagini por redakteri neenrejistrita <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Savez pluse pri quale redaktar"><span>lernez pluse</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:MeaDiskuti" title="Diskuto pri redakti de ca IP-adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Debatar per ca IP-adreso</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Videz la fonto/fonti por Rīga</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ca artiklo existas nur en ca linguo. Ligez l'artiklo ad altra idiomi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Adjuntez idiomi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%ABga" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debato:R%C4%ABga&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo (pagino ne existas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/R%C4%ABga"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%ABga&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details.</div></div><hr /> <p>Vu povas vidar ed kopiar la fonto-kodexo di ta pagino. </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="io" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Urbi | nomo = Rīga | Flago = Flag_of_Riga.svg | Blazono = Rigas_Gerbonis.png | Imajo = Riga_montage.jpg | TextodilImajo = Kelk imaji pri Rīga. | Mapo = Riga_in_Latvia.svg | Shablono_lando={{LVA}} | Regiono = | Tipodisubdividuro = | Regiono2 = | Fondita ye = | Fondita da = | Urbestro = Mārtiņš Staķis | Latitudo = 56°56'56" N | Longitudo = 24°06'23" E | Altitudo = 6 | Surfaco = 307,17 | Habitanti = {{formatnum:632614}} | Yaro = 2019 | Denseso di habitantaro= 2059,5 | Horala_zono = +2<br><small>(UTC+3 dum la somero) | Reto = www.riga.lv }} [[Arkivo:Edificios_en_la_Plaza_del_Mercado,_Riga,_Letonia,_2012-08-07,_DD_02.JPG|thumb|left|320px|Historiala edifici an la centro di Rīga.]] '''Rīga''' esas [[chef-urbi|chef-urbo]] e maxim populoza urbo di [[Latvia]], ed anke la maxim populoza chef-urbo de Baltika Stati. Segun statistiki de 2019, ol havis {{formatnum:632614}} habitanti. Lua tota [[surfaco]] esas 307,17 km². L'urbo fondesis en [[1201]] en [[Baltiko|Baltika]] marbordo, apud la gulfo di Rīga. En [[1282]] ol divenis membro dil [[Hanso-uniono]]. La Teknikal Universitato di Rīga (''Rīgas Tehniskā universitāte'') fondita en 1862, esas la maxim anciena teknikal universitato de la Baltika Stati. Nun, Rīga esas importanta kulturala-centro di nordal [[Europa]], nome pro lua multa exempleri pri [[arkitekturo]] stilo ''[[Art Nouveau]]''. Lua historiala centro deklaresis Kulturala Patrimonio de la Homaro dal [[UNESKO]]. Kune [[Umeå]] en [[Suedia]], ol esis la Kulturala Chef-urbo di Europa dum la yaro 2014.<ref name=Kulturo/> En 2016, l'urbo recevis 2,3 milion turisti.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|titulo= Tourism - Key Indicators {{!}} Latvijas statistika|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/tourism-key-indicators-30715.html|editero=www.csb.gov.lv |idiomo={{en}}|vidita ye=18ma di julio 2017}}</ref> == Historio == [[Arkivo:Albert_of_Riga.JPG|thumb|250px|left|L'episkopo Albertus, fondinto di Rīga.]] De l'antiqueso, la [[fluvio Daugava]] esabas importanta komercala voyo. Por [[Vikingo|Vikingi]], ol esis parto di lua navigala voyo ligante [[Baltiko]] a [[Bizancana imperio]].<ref name="BilmanisLIS">Bilmanis, A. Latvia as an Independent State. Latvian Legation. 1947.</ref> Existis naturala portuo 15 km norde de la nuna Rīga, qua uzesis de adminime la 2ma yarcento.<ref name="BilmanisLIS"/> La regiono koloniigesis dal [[Livonia]]ni, populo di raso Fino-Ugriana.<ref name="CEROI">{{Extera ligilo|idiomo={{lv}}|vidita ye= 2ma di agosto 2007|editero=Cities Environmental Reports on the Internet|url=http://www.ceroi.net/reports/riga/latviski/pamatlietas/teritorija.htm|titulo=Teritorija un administratīvās robežas vēsturiskā skatījumā}}</ref> L'urbo komencis kreskar kom komercala centro Vikinga dum [[Mezepoko]]. Dum la [[12ma yarcento]], komencis arivar Germana komercisti, qui establisis komercala avanposteno en 1158. Pose, arivis la monako Meinhard von Segeberg, por konvertar [[pagano|pagani]] a [[Kristanismo]]. Plu kam 1 yarcento ante, Katolika ed [[Ortodoxa Kristanismo|Ortodoxa]] misioneri arivabis en la regiono, e baptabis multa Latviani. Meinhard lojeskis kun Livoniani e konstruktis kastelo en Ikšķile. Tamen, Livoniani duris praktikar paganismo, e Meinhard mortis sen kompletigar lua skopo. En 1198 l'episkopo Bertholdus de Hannover arivis kun grupo di krucomiliteri e probis itere kristanigar la regiono, ma vinkesis e mortigesis. La sequanta yaro, [[papo Inocentius la 3ma]] lansis krucomilito kontre Livoniani. L'episkopo Albertus ([[Latviana linguo|Latviane]]: ''Alberts fon Buksthēvdens'') arivis en Rīga ye la sequanta yaro, kun 23 navi e 500 krucomiliteri, e transferis l'episkopeyo al urbo. En 1201, Germana komercisti arivis en [[Novgorod]], tra la fluvio Dvina. Por protektar la teritorio e la komerco, l'episkopo Albertus kreis l'ordeno dil Kavalieri Espado-kombatanta di Livonia (''Fratres Militiae Christi Livoniae''), qua aceptis nobeli e komercisti. La kristanigo dil Livoniani duris, ed en 1207 Albertus komencis fortifikar l'urbo. Pose, ilu obtenis [[buloletro]] de la papo imperinte ke omna komerco dil Germani kun la vicina regioni dil Baltiko eventis tra Rīga.<ref name=Palmieri>Palmieri, A. ''Catholic Origin of Latvia'', ed. Cororan, J.A. et al. ''The American Catholic Quarterly Review'', Volume XLVI, Jan.-Okt. 1921. Philadelphia.</ref> En 1221 la komercisti darfis administrar l'urbo ed en 1225 la civitani dil urbo darfis elektar lokala judiciisti. [[Arkivo:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png|thumb|300px|Precipua urbi e komercala voyi dil [[Hanso-uniono]].]] [[Arkivo:Panorama_of_Riga,_1572.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Panoramo pri Rīga dum la 16ma yarcento.]] En [[1282]], l'urbo divenis membro dil [[Hanso-uniono]]. L'asocio donis stabileso politikal ed ekonomial al urbo, e duris til la [[14ma yarcento]]. Tamen, pos ke la povo dil uniono diminutis, Rīga divenis skopo por ambicii politikala, religiala, komercala e ekonomiala de altra nacioni. En 1522 l'urbo aceptis la Reformo Protestanta da [[Martin Luther]], e la povo dil arkiepiskopi finis. En 1524 ikonoklasti destruktis imajo pri la Virgino Maria de lua katedralo. Pos finir l'ordeno Livoniana (brancho dil Kavalieri Espado-kombatanta di Livonia) en 1561, Rīga divenis "libera imperiala urbo" dum la [[Santa Romana Imperio]] til 1581, kande ol divenis kontrolita da [[Polonia-Lituania]]. [[Arkivo:Riga_plan_by_DEWITT_-_GMII.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Siejo di Rīga en 1710.]] En 1621, Rīga e la vicina fortreso Daugavgrīva kaptesis dal [[Suedia|Suedi]] dum la Milito Polona-Sueda (1621 til 1625). La rejulo [[Gustaf la 2ma Adolf]] de Suedia intervenis en la [[Triadek-yara milito]] por motivi ekonomiala e politikala, ed anke por defensar Germana komercisti protestanta. De 1621 til [[1710]] ol esis la maxim granda urbo de Sueda imperio, e dum ica epoko l'urbo havis kelka autonomeso. Tamen, en 1710, Rusi asiejis l'urbo, qua lor subisis epidemio di [[bubono-pesto]] e fine kapitulacis al invaderi, quankam mantenis multa ek lua privileji. Rīga transformesis en chef-urbo dil gubernio di Rīga (pose nomizita gubernio di Livonia) e Rusia divenis la maxim povoza imperio di nordal Europa pos la [[pakto di Nystad]], signatita ye la [[30ma di agosto]] [[1721]]. [[Arkivo:Riga old.jpg|thumb|320px|Rīga en 1900.]] Rīga divenis industriizita portuala urbo dil [[Rusa imperio]] til la fino dil [[unesma mondomilito]]. Dum ta epoko, la Germani del Baltiko restis importanta etniala grupo: en 1867, 42,9% ek la habitantaro del urbo esis Germani.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.history-museum.lv/english/pages/par-mums/muzeja-vesture.php|titulo= National History Museum of Latvia|work=history-museum.lv |vidita ye= 10ma di februaro 2016}}</ref> La Germana esis l'oficala lingo dil administro til 1891, kande la [[Rusa linguo|Rusa]] divenis l'oficala linguo dil imperio. Cirkume la yaro 1900, Rīga havis cirkume 280 mil habitanti ed esis la 3ma maxim industriizita urbo dil imperio, dop Moskva e [[Sankt-Peterburg]]. [[Arkivo:Map Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-es.svg|thumb|250px|left|Regiono okupita dal Centrala Povi segun la [[kontrato di Brest-Litovsk]].]] Dum la [[20ma yarcento]], l'[[Unesma mondomilito]] e la [[Rusa Revoluciono di 1917]] afektis Rīga. Pos vinkir la [[batalio di Jugla]], Germana trupi eniris l'urbo ye la [[3ma di septembro]] [[1917]].<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.greatwardifferent.com/Great_War/Russian_Battery/Retirement_01.htm |titulo= Russian Retreat 1917 |editero= Greatwardifferent.com |vidita ye= 16ma di septembro 2011}}</ref> Ye la [[3ma di marto]] [[1918]], la [[kontrato di Brest-Litovsk]] donis la Baltika stati a Germania. Kande Germania vinkesis ye la [[1ma di novembro]] [[1918]] ol renuncis la termi dil kontrato, ed anke Rusia. To posibligis [[Estonia]] deklarar lua nedependo, qua eventis ye la [[18ma di novembro]] sam yaro. Inter la du [[mondomilito|mondomiliti]], Latvia kambiis lua fonto di influi de Rusia al Ocidental Europa, nome l'[[Unionita Rejio]] e Germania, qui divenis lua maxim importanta komercala parteneri. Pos la komenco di la [[duesma mondomilito]], konseque de la sekreta [[pakto Ribbentrop-Molotov]], Hitler sekrete stimulis l'ekmigro di Latviani de etnio Germana a Naziista Germania, savante ke [[Sovietia]] deziris kontrolar Baltika stati. Fakte, komence Sovietia koaktis la tri stati aceptar pakti pri "mutuala sokurso" en kazo di invado, e fine anexis [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] e [[Lituania]] en junio [[1940]]. Ye la sequanta yaro, Germani invadis Sovietia, inkluzite Baltika stati. Li sendis Latviana [[judo|judi]] a [[koncentreyo]] en Kaiserwald. La maxim multa ek la 24.000 judi de la lando mortigesis inter novembro e decembro 1941. Kande la milito finis, omna personi de Germana raso, inkluzite Baltika Germani, deportesis a Germania, koaktita. [[Arkivo:Red Army soldiers in Rīga. October 1944.jpg|thumb|320px|[[Reda Armeo]] en Rīga, oktobro 1944.]] Ye la [[13ma di oktobro]] [[1944]], la [[Reda Armeo]] itere okupis Rīga. Pos la milito, multa edifici en la centro dil urbo, severe domajita pro bombardi, rikonstruktesis. Dum la sequanta yari komencis arivar laboristi de multa regioni di Sovietia, e multa habiteyi konstruktesis por li. En 1989, nur 36,5% ek la habitantaro di Rīga esis Latviani.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-database-30625.html |titulo= Population - Latvijas Statiska|idiomo={{en}}|vidita ye= 9ma di agosto 2013}}</ref> Ye la [[4ma di mayo]] [[1990]] Latvia deklaris la restauro di lua nedependo, qua agnoskesis da Sovietia erste ye la [[6ma di septembro]] del sequanta yaro. En 1992, Rusia komencis removar lua trupi de Latvia, e pos desmuntar [[radaro]]-staciono ''Skrunda-1'' en 1998, la lasta soldati departis en 1999. Ye la [[1ma di mayo]] [[2004]] Latvia divenis membro dil [[Europana Uniono]]. La sama yaro, kelka [[aerolineo|aerolinei]] qui vendas bilieti po basa preci inauguris flugi de altra Europana urbi a Rīga. To stimulis la kresko dil nombro di turisti.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|autoro=Jonathan Charles|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/4633647.stm|vidita ye= 2ma di agosto 2007|publikigita ye=30ma di junio 2005|editero= BBC News|titulo= Latvia prepares for a tourist invasion}}</ref> L'urbo selektesis por esar la Kulturala Chef-urbo di Europa dum la yaro 2014.<ref name=Kulturo>{{Extera ligilo|titulo= Riga, Latvia |work= riga.com |url=http://www.riga.com/|vidita ye= 10ma di februaro 2016}}</ref> En 2015, dum la prezidanteso Latviana en la konsilistaro dil Europana Uniono, l'urbo gastigis la renkontro di la nomizita "Estal asociuro", por diskutar komerco, ekonomial strategii, pakti pri voyaji ed altra temi, inter la membri del [[Europana Uniono]] e l'ex-republiki Sovietiana [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Gruzia]], [[Bielorusia]], [[Gruzia]], [[Moldova]] ed [[Ukraina]]. == Geografio == [[Arkivo:Daugava_(Düna)_in_Riga_-_bridges.JPG|thumb|320px|left|La [[fluvio Daugava]] trairas Rīga.]] [[Arkivo:Riga_SPOT_1024.jpg|thumb|230px|Satelital imajo pri Rīga.]] La [[reliefo]] di Rīga esas plana, jacanta sur sabloza tereni apud la [[gulfo di Rīga]]. La planajo formacesis dum la lasta [[glacial epoko]], cirkume 11.000 yari ante nun. L'[[altitudo]] dil tereni varias de 1 til 10 metri super la [[marala nivelo]]. La maxim alta punto dil urbo esas kolino kun altitudo di 26 metri. De la 307 km²-a surfaco del urbo, 67 km² (22%) konsistas ek rezidala zoni, 54 km² (17%) esas industriala zoni, 25 km² (8%) esas stradi, avenui e chosei, 58 km² (19%) esas parki e verda arei, e 49 km² (16%) esas aquo. La [[fluvio Daugava]], la maxim importanta del urbo, fluas desude adnorde, e dividas l'urbo en du. Oficale, Rīga subdividesas en 6 distrikti: Centrala (''Centrs''), Kurzeme, Zemgale, Nordala (''Ziemeļu rajons''), Vidzeme e Latgale. La centrala distrikto deklaresis Mondala Patrimonio di la Homaro dal [[UNESKO]], e prezervas multa edifici de stilo ''[[Art Nouveau]]''. La klimato di Rīga esas humida kontinentala (''Dfb'' segun la [[klimatala klasifikuro da Köppen]]), e lua vintri povas esar konjelanta, pro lua lokizo. La mezavalora [[temperaturo]] en januaro e februaro ([[vintro]]) esas -5°C, ma kelkafoye ol povas falar til -25°C. La mezavalora temperaturo en julio ([[somero]]) esas 17°C, e dum la maxim varma dii ol povas atingar 30°C. La mezavalora yarala [[pluvo-quanto]] esas 620,9 mm, e la maxim pluvoza monato esas septembro, kun mezavalore 78,9 mm. {{panoramo|Riga_Skyline_Panorama,_Latvia_-_Diliff.jpg|1000px|Panoramo pri Rīga vidita de la turmo di la kirko di Santa Petrus.}} == Transporto == [[Arkivo:Рига (Латвия) Морской паром и блики на окнах SWEDBANKa - panoramio.jpg|thumb|320px|Portuala termino por pasajeri en Rīga.]] [[Arkivo:Tram stop at Radio Street in Riga - panoramio.jpg|thumb|280px|left|Moderna [[tramveturo]] en Rīga.]] Rīga sempre esabas la nabo por la substrukturo di transporto de Latvia. Multa nacionala chosei arivas en Rīga, e l'Europana chosei E22 ed E67 (''Via Baltica'') trairas l'urbo deeste adweste, e desude adnorde, rispektive. Lua marala [[portuo]] esas importanta ambe por l'extera komerco e por l'arivo di viziteri. La kompanio ''Tallink'' ligas Rīga e [[Stockholm]] per [[paromo|paromi]]. L'[[aeroportuo]] ''Starptautiskā lidosta "Rīga"'' konstruktesis en 1973 e modernigesis en 2001, 2006 e 2016. En 2017 plua kam 6 milion personi uzis ol. [[Ferovoyo|Ferovoyi]] ligas Rīga ad altra regioni de la lando ed anke a [[Rusia]] e [[Bielorusia]]. Existas projeto pri riestablisar ferovoyala ligilo inter Latvia ed Estonia, e pri krear nova lineo di [[treno di granda rapideso]] inter Estonia, Latvia, Lituania e [[Polonia]]. Pri publika transporto en Rīga, existas linei di [[omnibuso|omnibusi]], [[Tramveturo|tramveturi]] e [[troleobuso|troleobusi]]. Ne existas sistemo di [[metroo]] en la urbo, malgre existis projeto pri konstrukto di tri linei dum Sovietian epoko, kun entote 33 stacioni. == Turismo == * La Historiala Centro di Rīga rikonstruktesis pos la [[duesma mondomilito]] e prezervas 800 yari de la historio dil urbo. Ol deklaresis Mondala Patrimonio di la Homaro dal [[UNESKO]]. Inter l'edifici rikonstruktita jacas la nomizita "Domo di la Negra Kapi" (Latviane: ''Melngalvju nams''), asociuro di komercisti nemariajita od stranjeri qua konstruktesis dum la 14ma yarcento (kopiuro dil originala edifico erektesis de 1995 til 1999, nam l'originala destruktesis preske komplete dum la duesma mondomilito e lua ruini demolisesis dal Sovietiani).<ref name=Tour>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.latvia.travel/en/article/top-10-must-see-riga |titulo= TOP 10 Must-See in Riga|editero= Latvia Travel|vidita ye= 10ma di junio 2018|idiomo={{en}}}}</ref> * Existas cirkume 800 edifici en stilo ''[[Art Nouveau]]'' omna-parte del urbo, note en la strado ''Alberta iela''.<ref name=Tour/> [[Arkivo:Museum_History_Riga_Navigation_B.jpg|thumb|250px|La Muzeo pri la Historio di Rīga e la Navigado.]] * La Muzeo pri la Historio di Rīga e la Navigado esas un ek la maxim anciena muzei de Europa, inaugurita en 1773. Ol prezervas objekti qui rakontas la historio del urbo, exemple de l'epoko di [[Hanso-uniono]]. * La Centrala Merkato di Rīga instalesis en 5 anciena hangari por [[aeronavo|aeronavi]] ed ofras fromaji, mielo, fishi ed altra nutrivi<ref name=Tour/> * La Monumento pri la Libereso konstruktesis dal skultisto Kārlis Zāle ed inauguresis en 1935.<ref name=Tour/> * L'edifico di la Nacional Opero e Baleto en stilo Neoklasika, inaugurita en 1882.<ref name=Tour/> * La Katedralo di Rīga (''Rīgas Doms'') komencis konstruktesar en 1211.<ref name=Tour/> Nun ol esas Luterana katedralo. Lua [[orgeno]] inauguresis en 1884. * L'Etnografiala Muzeo en Libera Aero montras aspekti de la rurala vivo dum pasinta yarcenti, kun kopiuri di ligna domi, [[ventomuelilo|ventomuelili]], edc.,<ref name=Tour/> e la Luterana kirko Usma, konstruktita en 1704.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|titulo= Usma Church in the Open-Air Museum|url= http://www.virtualriga.com/architecture/usma-church/|vidita ye= 10ma di junio 2018}}</ref> [[Arkivo:Imperial_Russian_soldier_with_phone.JPG|thumb|250px|Manekino kun Sovietian uniformo.]] * La Muzeo pri Milito di Latvia (''Latvijas Kara muzejs'') inauguresis por la publiko en junio 1921. Ol prezervas plua kam 25.000 objekti, de l'Unesma mondomilito e pose, note del epoko Sovietiana. * La Muzeo pri Automobili di Rīga, qua anke prezerva vehili uzita da Stalin, Hrushchev e Brejnev.<ref name=Tour/> * La [[zoo]] di Rīga fondesis en 1912,<ref name=Tour/> e havas cirkume 4.000 animali de 500 speci. * La Nacionala Muzeo pri Arto di Latvia inauguresis en 1905,<ref name=Tour/> e havas plua kam 52.000 artala verki de artisti Latviana ed anke stranjeri. * La Parko Rāmkalni inauguresis en 2003 distas cirkume 40 km de Rīga. Ol havas bicikli por lokacar, treki por [[skio]] dum la vintro, restorerii, edc.<ref>{{Extera ligilo|url=http://www.ramkalni.lv/|titulo= Rāmkalni Recreation Park|vidita ye= 10ma di junio 2018}}</ref> * La Muzeo pri l'Okupo di Latvia (''Latvijas Okupācijas muzejs'') establisesis en 1993, e montras objekti e dokumenti produktita dum la yari di okupeso Sovietiana e Germana en Latvia, de 1940 til 1991. Segun statistiki de la yaro 2017, la muzeo havas cirkume 60 mil objekti e dokumenti, e plua kam 2.300 audiovidala enrejistruri de personi qui transvivis koncentreyi e deporti dum ta epoko. == Referi == {{reflist}} {{Europana chef-urbi}} [[Kategorio: Urbi en Latvia]] [[Kategorio:Latvia]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>Shabloni uzata en ica pagino: </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:En" title="Shablono:En">Shablono:En</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:En&action=edit" title="Shablono:En">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Europana_chef-urbi" title="Shablono:Europana chef-urbi">Shablono:Europana chef-urbi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Europana_chef-urbi&action=edit" title="Shablono:Europana chef-urbi">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Extera_ligilo" title="Shablono:Extera ligilo">Shablono:Extera ligilo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Extera_ligilo&action=edit" title="Shablono:Extera ligilo">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:LVA" title="Shablono:LVA">Shablono:LVA</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:LVA&action=edit" title="Shablono:LVA">vidar fonto</a>) (protektita)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Lv" title="Shablono:Lv">Shablono:Lv</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Lv&action=edit" title="Shablono:Lv">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Nowrap_end" title="Shablono:Nowrap end">Shablono:Nowrap end</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Nowrap_end&action=edit" title="Shablono:Nowrap end">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Panoramo" title="Shablono:Panoramo">Shablono:Panoramo</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Panoramo&action=edit" title="Shablono:Panoramo">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Reflist" title="Shablono:Reflist">Shablono:Reflist</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Reflist&action=edit" title="Shablono:Reflist">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Urbi" title="Shablono:Urbi">Shablono:Urbi</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Urbi&action=edit" title="Shablono:Urbi">redaktar</a>) </li><li><a href="/wiki/Shablono:%C2%B7w" title="Shablono:·w">Shablono:·w</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shablono:%C2%B7w&action=edit" title="Shablono:·w">redaktar</a>) </li></ul></div><p id="mw-returnto">Retrovenar a la pagino di <a href="/wiki/R%C4%ABga" title="Rīga">Rīga</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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