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Taiwans historie - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi
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Tilgængelig på 38 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاريخ تايوان – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ تايوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Historia de Taiwán – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Historia de Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Тайвань тарихы – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тайвань тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="তাইওয়ানের ইতিহাস – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাইওয়ানের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_Taiwan" title="Història de Taiwan – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història de Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_Tchaj-wanu" title="Dějiny Tchaj-wanu – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Tchaj-wanu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_Taiwans" title="Geschichte Taiwans – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Taiwans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Taiwan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Taiw%C3%A1n" title="Historia de Taiwán – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Taiwán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwango_historia" title="Taiwango historia – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taiwango historia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاریخ تایوان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ تایوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwaninsaaren_historia" title="Taiwaninsaaren historia – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taiwaninsaaren historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_Ta%C3%AFwan" title="Histoire de Taïwan – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire de Taïwan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ताइवान का इतिहास – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताइवान का इतिहास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povijest_Tajvana" title="Povijest Tajvana – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povijest Tajvana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajvan_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Tajvan történelme – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tajvan történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Taiwan" title="Sejarah Taiwan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sejarah Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Republiko_Chinia" title="Historio di Republiko Chinia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Republiko Chinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_di_Taiwan" title="Storia di Taiwan – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia di Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2" title="台湾の歴史 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="台湾の歴史" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A7%8C%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="대만의 역사 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대만의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivano_istorija" title="Taivano istorija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taivano istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejarah_Taiwan" title="Sejarah Taiwan – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sejarah Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Taiwan" title="Geschiedenis van Taiwan – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Tajwanu" title="Historia Tajwanu – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Tajwanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_de_Taiwan" title="História de Taiwan – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História de Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="История Тайваня – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Тайваня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="History of Taiwan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istorija_Tajvana" title="Istorija Tajvana – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Istorija Tajvana" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwans_historia" title="Taiwans historia – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Taiwans historia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="தாய்வானின் வரலாறு – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாய்வானின் வரலாறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayvan_tarihi" title="Tayvan tarihi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tayvan tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8E" title="Історія Тайваню – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Тайваню" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="تائیوان کی تاریخ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تائیوان کی تاریخ" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg/220px-Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg/330px-Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg/440px-Taiwanese_aborigines_hunting_deer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oprindelige_taiwanere" title="Oprindelige taiwanere">Oprindelige taiwanere</a> på jagt</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Taiwan</b> var først beboet af mennesker af ukendt oprindelse og derefter af <a href="/wiki/Austronesiske_sprog" title="Austronesiske sprog">austronesiske folk</a>. I det <a href="/wiki/17._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="17. århundrede">17. århundrede</a> etablerede <a href="/wiki/Nederlandene" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlandene">Nederlandene</a> kolonien <a href="/wiki/Hollandsk_Formosa" title="Hollandsk Formosa">Hollandsk Formosa</a> på øen, ligesom en strøm af <a href="/wiki/Hankineser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankineser">hankinesere</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakkaer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakkaer (ikke skrevet endnu)">hakkaer</a> fra de kinesiske områder <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> og <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> bosatte sig på Taiwan. Spanien havde i en kort periode en koloni i den nordlige ende af Taiwan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spansk_Formosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spansk Formosa (ikke skrevet endnu)">Spansk Formosa</a>, men blev drevet ud af hollænderne i 1642. Efter Nederlandene opgav kolonien, blev store del af øen administreret først af <a href="/wiki/Mingdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingdynastiet">Mingdynastiet</a> og senere <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Qingdynastiet" title="Taiwan under Qingdynastiet">administreret af Qingdynastiet</a>. </p><p>Det kinesiske navn for øen (臺灣, "Taiwan") stammer fra det <a href="/wiki/Oprindelige_taiwanere" title="Oprindelige taiwanere">taiwanesiske urfolks</a> sprog. Siden det 16. århundrede er øen i vesten også blevet kaldt Formosa (fra portugisisk <i>Ilha Formose</i>, “smuk ø"). </p><p>I 1662 besejrede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zheng_Chenggong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zheng Chenggong (ikke skrevet endnu)">Zheng Chenggong</a> hollænderne og etablerede en base på øen. Zheng havde kæmpet for <a href="/wiki/Mingdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingdynastiet">Mingdynastiet</a>, der kollapsede i 1644. Zhengs styrker blev senere besejret af <a href="/wiki/Qingdynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdynastiet">Qingdynastiet</a> i 1683. Derefter blev Taiwan en stadig mere integreret del af Kina indtil Qingdynastiet i 1895 ved <a href="/wiki/Freden_i_Shimonoseki" title="Freden i Shimonoseki">Freden i Shimonoseki</a> afstod Taiwan og øen Penghu til Japan som følge af nederlaget i den <a href="/wiki/1._kinesisk-japanske_krig" title="1. kinesisk-japanske krig">1. kinesisk-japanske krig</a>. Taiwan kom herefter <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_japansk_styre" title="Taiwan under japansk styre">under japansk styre</a>. Taiwan producerede ris og sukker, der blev eksporteret til Japan og var base for Japans kolonisering af Sydøstasien og Stillehavet under 2. verdenskrig. Det japanske undervisningssystem blev indført og mange taiwanere kæmpede på japansk side under krigen. </p><p>I 1945 som følge af afslutningen af <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a> fik <a href="/wiki/Republikken_Kina" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikken Kina">Republikken Kina</a> ledet af <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> kontrol over Taiwan. Da Republikken Kina i 1949 havde tabt borgerkrigen i Kina, valgte den at flytte det hele til Taiwan og Kuomintangs leder <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> indførte undtagelsestilstand. Japan opgav formelt alle krav på Taiwans territorium i 1952 ved <a href="/wiki/Traktaten_i_San_Francisco" title="Traktaten i San Francisco">Traktaten i San Francisco</a>. Kuomintang styrede Taiwan som en etparti-stat i 40 år, indtil demokratiske reformer blev indledt af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiang_Ching-kuo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiang Ching-kuo (ikke skrevet endnu)">Chiang Ching-kuo</a>. Reformerne førte til Taiwans første direkte præsidentvalg i 1996. I 2000 blev <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chan_Shui-bian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chan Shui-bian (ikke skrevet endnu)">Chan Shui-bian</a> valgt som den første præsident, der ikke var fra Kuomintang. Han blev genvalgt i 2004. <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> fra Kuomintang blev valgt til præsident i 2008 og genvalgt i 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwans_historie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taiwans_historie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwans_forhistorie" title="Taiwans forhistorie">Taiwans forhistorie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungning" title="Tungning">Kongeriget Tungning</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikken_Formosa" title="Republikken 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