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aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static"><a href="/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region_en?prefLang=sl" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone ecl-link--no-visited ecl-breadcrumb__link" >EU trade relationships by country/region</a><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--fluid ecl-breadcrumb__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page">The EU and the WTO</li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>The EU and the WTO</span></h1></div><div class="ecl-page-header__description-container"><p class="ecl-page-header__description">The World Trade Organization (WTO) is made of governments and customs territories that set, apply and enforce the global rules for trade between themselves. Both the European Union (EU) and the individual EU countries are members of the WTO. </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <dl class="ecl-description-list ecl-description-list--horizontal ecl-u-mb-s ecl-u-mt-s" ><dt class="ecl-description-list__term">Trade topics</dt><dd class="ecl-description-list__definition ecl-description-list__definition--taxonomy"><ul class="ecl-description-list__definition-list"><li class="ecl-description-list__definition-item">Trade policy</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_626"></a> <div class="ecl"><p>The World Trade Organization (WTO) is made of governments and customs territories that set, apply and enforce the global rules for trade between themselves.</p> <p>Both the European Union (EU) and the individual EU countries are members of the WTO.</p> <p>The WTO's main activities are:</p> <ul> <li>Being a forum for international trade negotiations (e.g. the <a href="/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/eu-and-wto/doha-development-agenda_en?prefLang=sl" class="ecl-link">Doha Development Round</a>)</li> <li>Resolving trade disputes (<a href="/enforcement-and-protection/dispute-settlement_en?prefLang=sl" class="ecl-link">Dispute Settlement</a>)</li> <li>Setting legal rules for trade in the form of trade agreements</li> <li>Monitoring members' trade policy through the <a href="http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tpr_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">Trade Policy Review Mechanism</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a></li> </ul> <h2>The EU's objectives</h2> <p>The EU's objectives at the WTO are to:</p> <ul> <li>keep the world鈥檚 trading system fair, predictable and based on common rules</li> <li>modernise the world's trade markets so European goods, services and investment can benefit</li> <li>follow the common WTO rules, and make sure others also play by the rules</li> <li>make the WTO more open by interacting with both non-members and other international organisations</li> <li>bring developing countries into the WTO, its decision-making, and the global economy</li> <li>reinforce the WTO's support for sustainable trade policies worldwide</li> </ul> <p>The European Commission has also put forward a first set of ideas to modernise the WTO and to make world trade rules fit for the challenges of the global economy.</p> <p>Without prejudice to the EU's final position, these ideas relate to three key areas:</p> <ul> <li>updating the rule book on international trade to capture today's global economy</li> <li>strengthening the monitoring role of the WTO</li> <li>overcoming deadlock on the WTO dispute settlement system</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/7fc51410-46a1-4871-8979-20cce8df0896/library/42115f40-e2ba-4a49-9162-de92098f15bd/details" class="ecl-link">EU concept paper on WTO reform</a></p> <h2>The EU in WTO institutions</h2> <p>The WTO's highest decision-making body is the Ministerial Conference. The <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/commissioners/2014-2019/malmstrom_en">EU Trade Commissioner</a> represents the EU in this forum.</p> <p>The European Commission also represents the EU in</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/gcounc_e/gcounc_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">the General Council of the WTO</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, which acts on behalf of the Ministerial Conference and meets regularly</li> <li><a href="https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/secre_e/current_chairs_e.htm" class="ecl-link ecl-link--icon ecl-link--icon-after"><span class="ecl-link__label">subsidiary WTO bodies</span><svg class="ecl-icon ecl-icon--xs ecl-link__icon" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><use xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#external" /></svg></a>, which set up rules for specific areas of world trade, e.g. respecting the environment and monitor how they鈥檙e applied</li> </ul> <h2>Permission and responsibility</h2> <p>The Commission gets permission from the Council of the EU to negotiate on behalf of the European Union.</p> <p>The Commission coordinates the EU negotiating position with the EU Member States by consulting with the Council's <a href="http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/council-eu/preparatory-bodies/trade-policy-committee/">trade policy committee</a>.</p> <p>The Commission regularly informs the European Parliament's International Trade Committee (<a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/inta/home.html">INTA</a>) of WTO issues.</p> <p>When an agreement is negotiated at the WTO, the Commission needs the formal authorisation of the Council and European Parliament to then sign the agreement on behalf of the EU.</p> <p>The Commission initiates and handles WTO complaints with the Council support and may propose retaliatory measures to the Council.</p> <p>The Commission also regularly talks with other interested groups (<a href="https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/analysis-and-assessment/eu-trade-meetings-civil-society_en" class="ecl-link">civil society</a>) on developments related to its WTO policy.</p> <h2>More on the EU and the WTO </h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/7fc51410-46a1-4871-8979-20cce8df0896/library/25abfd54-4bda-442d-8fc3-07a8a2f7e0df/details?download=true" class="ecl-link">Getting Covid-19 vaccines to everyone in need - WTO global pandemic response</a> </li> <li><a href="https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/7fc51410-46a1-4871-8979-20cce8df0896/library/abddf218-be2b-46ff-8d21-5e4a6ea80092/details?download=true" class="ecl-link">Putting an end to unsustainable fishing - WTO agreement on fisheries subsidies</a> </li> 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