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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_plosive&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">Voiceless dental plosive</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Consonantal sounds</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless alveolar plosive</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#116;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+0074</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>t</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/25px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/38px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/50px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless dental plosive</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̪</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103 408</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_dental_stop.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/Voiceless_dental_stop.ogg/Voiceless_dental_stop.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Voiceless_dental_stop.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_stop.ogg" title="File:Voiceless dental stop.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#116;&#810;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+0074 U+032A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>t_d</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345) U+281E"><img alt="⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/25px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/38px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/50px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_CapitalSign.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) U+2820"><img alt="⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/25px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/38px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Braille_CapitalSign.svg/50px-Braille_CapitalSign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_%C3%94.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456) U+2839"><img alt="⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/25px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/38px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Braille_%C3%94.svg/50px-Braille_%C3%94.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>voiceless alveolar</b>, <b>dental</b> and <b>postalveolar</b> <b>plosives</b> (or <b>stops</b>) are types of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sounds used in almost all <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents voiceless <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> <a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">plosives</a> is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">t</span>⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>t</code>. The voiceless dental plosive can be distinguished with the underbridge diacritic, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">t̪</span>⟩ and the postalveolar with a retraction line, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">t̠</span>⟩, and the <a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Extensions to the IPA">Extensions to the IPA</a> have a double underline diacritic which can be used to explicitly specify an alveolar pronunciation, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">t͇</span>⟩. </p><p>The <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> sound is a very common sound cross-linguistically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibermanCooperShankweilerStuddert-Kennedy1967?_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibermanCooperShankweilerStuddert-Kennedy1967?-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most languages have at least a plain <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>, and some distinguish more than one variety. Some languages without a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> are colloquial <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> (which also lacks an <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span>), <a href="/wiki/Abau" class="mw-redirect" title="Abau">Abau</a>, and <a href="/wiki/N%C7%81ng_language" title="Nǁng language">Nǁng</a> of South Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are only a few languages which distinguish dental and alveolar stops, <a href="/wiki/Kota_language_(India)" title="Kota language (India)">Kota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toda_language" title="Toda language">Toda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venda_language" title="Venda language">Venda</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian Aboriginal languages</a> being a few of them; certain varieties of <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a> also distinguish them (with [t̪] being the local realisation of the Standard English phoneme /θ/, represented by ⟨th⟩). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg/150px-Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg/225px-Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg/300px-Voiceless_dental_plosive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg/150px-Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg/225px-Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg/300px-Voiceless_alveolar_plosive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </p><p>Here are features of the voiceless alveolar stop: </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Occlusive_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusive (phonetics)">occlusive</a>, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal outlet</a>, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a <a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">plosive</a>.</li> <li>There are three specific variants of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a>, termed respectively <i><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">Denti-alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively <i>apical</i> and <i>laminal</i>.</li></ul></li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>IPA</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span> </td> <td>plain t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̪</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̠</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʲ</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʷ</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labialisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialisation">labialized</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̚</span> </td> <td>t with <a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">no audible release</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t̬</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͈</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenseness" title="Tenseness">tense</a> t </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:24px"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʼ</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a> t </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup-lang plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section should <b>specify the language</b> of its non-English content, using <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">lang</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Transliteration" title="Template:Transliteration">transliteration</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for transliterated languages, and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ISO_639_codes" title="Lists of ISO 639 codes">ISO 639 code</a>. Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_multilingual_support_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia multilingual support templates">multilingual support templates</a> may also be used.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Lang#Rationale" title="Template:Lang">See why</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dental_or_denti-alveolar">Dental or denti-alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dental or denti-alveolar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Occurrence of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪]</span> in various languages </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th colspan="3">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Aleut-language text"><i lang="ale-Latn"><b>t</b>iistax̂</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪iːstaχ]</span></td> <td>'dough'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Armenian" title="Eastern Armenian">Eastern</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200917_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200917-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Armenian-language text"><span lang="hy"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet"><b>տ</b>ուն</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d9\/Tun.ogg\/Tun.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[t\u032aun]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tun.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Tun.ogg/Tun.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪un]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tun.ogg" title="File:Tun.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'house'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian Neo-Aramaic</a> </td> <td><span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܬܠܬ̱ܐ</span></span>/<span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn"><b>ţ</b>lo</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪lɑ]</span> </td> <td>'three' </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_language" title="Bashkir language">Bashkir</a> </td> <td><i><span title="Alekano-language text"><span lang="gah-Cyrl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:дүрт">дүр<b>т</b></a>/dür<b>t</b></span></span></i> </td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4e\/Ba-%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82.ogg\/Ba-%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[d\u028f\u02b7rt]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ba-\u0434\u04af\u0440\u0442.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/Ba-%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82.ogg/Ba-%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʏʷrt]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ba-%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82.ogg" title="File:Ba-дүрт.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td> <td>'four' </td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198947_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198947-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">с<b>т</b>агоддзе</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s̪t̪äˈɣod̪d̪͡z̪ʲe]</span></td> <td>'century'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_phonology" title="Belarusian phonology">Belarusian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></td> <td><span title="Basa (Cameroon)-language text"><i lang="bas"><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet"><b>t</b>oki</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪oki]</span></td> <td>'place'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Basque_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque phonology">Basque phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet"><b>তু</b>মি</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪umi]</span></td> <td>'you'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography"><b>t</b>erra</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ɛrɐ]</span></td> <td>'land'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">ут</a> </td> <td>[ut] </td> <td>'horse' </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography"><b>t</b>o<b>t</b>o</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ot̪o]</span></td> <td>'this'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dinka_language" title="Dinka language">Dinka</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERemijsenManyang2009115_and_121_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERemijsenManyang2009115_and_121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinka_alphabet" title="Dinka alphabet"><i>mɛ<b>th</b></i></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɛ̀t̪]</span></td> <td>'child'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with alveolar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Belgian</a></td> <td><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography"><b>t</b>aal</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪aːl̪]</span></td> <td>'language'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Dublin</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003302_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003302-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><i><b>th</b>in</i></a></td> <td rowspan="3"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʰɪn]</span></td> <td rowspan="3">'thin'</td> <td rowspan="4">Laminal denti-alveolar.</td> <td>In Dublin, it may be <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t͡θ</a>]</span> instead.</td> <td rowspan="4">See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Corresponds to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003302_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003302-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Irish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERocaJohnson199924_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERocaJohnson199924-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid-Ulster_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Ulster English">Ulster</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><i><b>t</b>rain</i></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ɹeːn]</span></td> <td>'train'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span>, in free variation with an alveolar stop. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography"><b>t</b>u<b>tt</b>i</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ut̪ːi]</span></td> <td>'pacifier'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Finnish_phonology" title="Finnish phonology">Finnish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography"><b>t</b>ordu</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ɔʁd̪y]</span></td> <td>'crooked'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeeZee2009109_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeeZee2009109-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Hakka-language text"><span lang="hak"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">他</a></span></span>/<span title="Hakka-language text"><i lang="hak"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization" title="Guangdong Romanization"><b>t</b>a3</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʰa˧]</span> </td> <td>'he/she' </td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with an unaspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005141_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005141-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> </td> <td><span title="Hindi-language text"><span lang="hi"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari"><b>ती</b>न</a></span></span>/<b>t</b>īn </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪iːn]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'three' </td> <td rowspan="2">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form <थ>. </td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_phonology" title="Hindustani phonology">Hindustani phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> </td> <td><span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تین</span></span></span>/<b>t</b>īn </td> <td>Contrasts with aspirated form <تھ>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoderbergOlson2008210_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoderbergOlson2008210-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id"><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet"><b>t</b>abir</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪abir]</span></td> <td>'curtain'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Italian_orthography" title="Italian orthography"><b>t</b>ale</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ale]</span></td> <td>'such'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999117-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">特別</a></span></span>/ <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese"><b>t</b>okubetsu</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪o̞kɯ̟ᵝbe̞t͡sɨᵝ]</span></td> <td>'special'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_alphabet" title="Kashubian alphabet">p<b>t</b>ôch</a></i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ptɞx]</span> </td> <td>'bird'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td> <td><span title="Kazakh-language text"><span lang="kk"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets"><b>т</b>ұз</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪us̪]</span></td> <td>'salt'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKara200311_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Kyrgyz-language text"><span lang="ky"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets"><b>т</b>уз</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪us̪]</span></td> <td>'salt'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENau19986_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENau19986-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Latvian-language text"><i lang="lv"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_orthography" title="Latvian orthography"><b>t</b>abula</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪äbulä]</span></td> <td>'table'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Latvian_phonology" title="Latvian phonology">Latvian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></td> <td><span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">കാ<b>ത്ത്</b></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaːt̪ːɨ̆]</span></td> <td>'waiting'</td> <td colspan="3">Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Mapudungun-language text"><i lang="arn"><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">fü<b>ṯ</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈfɘt̪ɜ]</span></td> <td>'husband'</td> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">Interdental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td><span title="Marathi-language text"><span lang="mr"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari"><b>त</b>बला</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪əbˈlaː]</span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Tabla" title="Tabla">tabla</a>'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td><span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari"><b>ता</b>ली</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪äli]</span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Clapping" title="Clapping">clappinɡ</a>'</td> <td colspan="3">Contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Nepali_phonology" title="Nepali phonology">Nepali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005158_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005158-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i><b>d</b>arag</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪aɾaɡ]</span></td> <td>'whiskers'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script"><b>ତା</b>ରା</a>/tara</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ärä]</span></td> <td>'star'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pazeh_language" title="Pazeh language">Pazeh</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlust1999330_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlust1999330-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mut̪apɛt̪aˈpɛh]</span></td> <td>'keep clapping'</td> <td colspan="3">Dental. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl"><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography"><b>t</b>om</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/ca\/Pl-tom.ogg\/Pl-tom.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[t\u032a\u0254m]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-tom.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/Pl-tom.ogg/Pl-tom.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ɔm]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-tom.ogg" title="File:Pl-tom.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'volume'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Many dialects</td> <td><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">mon<b>t</b>anha</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ]</span></td> <td>'mountain'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. Likely to have allophones among native speakers, as it may <a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">affricate</a> to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a>]</span> and/or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a>]</span> in certain environments. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">ਤੇਲ</a>/<span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">تیل</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪eːl]</span></td> <td>'oil'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196999_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesWard196999-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography"><b>т</b>олс<b>т</b>ый</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ʷo̞ɫ̪s̪t̪ɨ̞j]</span></td> <td>'fat'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic phonology">Scottish Gaelic</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd"><b>t</b>aigh</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʰɤj]</span></td> <td>'house'</td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić199966_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandauLončarićaHorgaŠkarić199966-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><span lang="sh-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet"><b>т</b>уга</a></span></span>/<span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet"><b>t</b>uga</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ǔːgä]</span></td> <td>'sorrow'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language" title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a> </td> <td><span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">අ<b>ත</b></a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[at̪ə]</span> </td> <td>'hand' </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Slovene-language text"><i lang="sl"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_alphabet" title="Slovene alphabet"><b>t</b>ip</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪îːp]</span></td> <td>'type'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Slovene_phonology" title="Slovene phonology">Slovene phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> </td> <td><i><b>t</b>o<b>t</b>o</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ot̪o]</span> </td> <td>'this' </td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Slovak_phonology" title="Slovak phonology">Slovak phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Somali_phonology" title="Somali phonology">ma<b>t</b>ag</a></td> <td>[mat̪ag]</td> <td>'vomit'</td> <td colspan="3">Dentalization of alveolar plosive. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography"><b>t</b>ango</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ãŋɡo̞]</span></td> <td>'tango'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999141_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999141-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet"><b>t</b>åg</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ʰoːɡ]</span></td> <td>'train'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td><span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script"><b>త</b>ప్పు</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪apːu]</span></td> <td>'wrong'</td> <td colspan="3">Contrasts between aspirated and unaspirated forms. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td><span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">a<b>t</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ät̪]</span></td> <td>'horse'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">бра<b>т</b></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[brɑt̪]</span></td> <td>'brother'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196310_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196310-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (November 2013)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>–</td> <td></td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. Slightly aspirated before vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196310_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196310-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet"><b>t</b>uần</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪wən˨˩]</span></td> <td>'week'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with aspirated form. See <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_languages" title="Zapotec languages">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i><b>t</b>an<b>t</b></i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ant̪]</span></td> <td>'so much'</td> <td colspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alveolar">Alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alveolar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Occurrence of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span> in various languages </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>т</b>фы</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/de\/Tfa.ogg\/Tfa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[tf\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tfa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/de/Tfa.ogg/Tfa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tfə]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tfa.ogg" title="File:Tfa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'five'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></td> <td><span title="Egyptian Arabic-language text"><span lang="arz" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">توكة</a></span></span>/<span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic"><i><b>t</b>ōka</i></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtoːkæ]</span></td> <td>'barrette'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Arabic_phonology" title="Egyptian Arabic phonology">Egyptian Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></td> <td><span title="Syriac-language text"><span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܒܝܬܐ</span></span>/<span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">bè<b>t</b>a</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[beːta]</span></td> <td>'house'</td> <td>Most speakers. In the <a href="/wiki/Tyari" title="Tyari">Tyari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barwari" title="Barwari">Barwari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaldean Neo-Aramaic">Southern</a> dialects <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a> is used. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">跌</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese"><b>d</b>i<b>t</b></a> </td> <td>[ti:t̚˧] </td> <td>'fall' (v.) </td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese Phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">鐵</a>/<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">鉄</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese"><b>t</b>i<b>t</b></a> </td> <td>[tʰi:t̚˧] </td> <td>'iron' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></td> <td><span title="Chechen-language text"><span lang="ce-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>т</b>арсал</a></span></span>/<span title="Chechen-language text"><i lang="ce-Latn"><b>t</b>arsal</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɑːrsəl]</span></td> <td>'squirrel'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200561_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200561-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet"><b>d</b>åse</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɔ̽ːsə]</span></td> <td>'can' (n.)</td> <td>Usually transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">d̥</span>⟩ or ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">d</span>⟩. Contrasts with the affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a>]</span> or aspirated stop <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰ]</span> (depending on the dialect), which are usually transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">tˢ</span>⟩ or ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">t</span>⟩.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005120_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005120-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Danish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography"><b>t</b>aal</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taːɫ]</span></td> <td>'language'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td>Most speakers</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><i><b>t</b>ick</i></a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/8\/86\/Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg\/Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[t\u02b0\u026ak]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/8/86/Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg/Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɪk]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg" title="File:Tick-pronunciation-audio.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td rowspan="2">'tick'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Varies between apical and laminal, with the latter being predominant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet"><b>ת</b>מונה</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tmuˈna]</span></td> <td>'image'</td> <td>see <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzende199491_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzende199491-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography"><b>t</b>u<b>t</b>aj</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtutɒj]</span></td> <td>'raft'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></td> <td><span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>т</b>хуы</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3c\/Kbd-txho.oga\/Kbd-txho.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[tx\u02b7\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Kbd-txho.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Kbd-txho.oga/Kbd-txho.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[txʷə]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Kbd-txho.oga" title="File:Kbd-txho.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'five'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">តែ</a></span></span>/<span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn"><b>t</b>ê</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tae]</span></td> <td>'tea'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">대숲</a></span></span>/<span title="Korean-language text"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean"><b>d</b>aesup</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɛsup̚]</span></td> <td>'bamboo forest'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Northern</a> </td> <td><span title="Kurdish-language text"><i lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet"><b>t</b>u</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰʊ]</span> </td> <td>'you' </td> <td rowspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_phonology" title="Kurdish phonology">Kurdish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Central</a> </td> <td><span title="Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">تەوێڵ</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰəweːɫ]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'forehead' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Southern</a> </td> <td><span title="Kurdish-language text"><span lang="ku"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">تێوڵ</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰeːwɨɫ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish language">Luxembourgish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Luxembourgish-language text"><i lang="lb"><b>d</b>ënn</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tən]</span></td> <td>'thin'</td> <td>Less often voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span>. It is usually transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span>, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_phonology" title="Luxembourgish phonology">Luxembourgish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></td> <td><span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">കാ<b>റ്റ്</b></a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaːtːɨ̆]</span></td> <td>'wind'</td> <td colspan="3">Contrasts /t̪ t ʈ d̪ ɖ/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet"><b>t</b>assew</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tasˈsew]</span></td> <td>'true'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">地</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin"><b>d</b>ì</a> </td> <td>[ti˥˩] </td> <td>'ground' </td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Mandarin Phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">梯</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin"><b>t</b>ī</a> </td> <td>[tʰi˥˥] </td> <td>'ladder/stairs' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Mapudungun-language text"><i lang="arn"><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">fü<b>t</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈfɘtɜ]</span></td> <td>'elderly'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005158_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005158-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><i><b>d</b>arawa</i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taɾawa]</span></td> <td>'greedy'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (April 2015)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><span title="Yi-language text"><span lang="ii"><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꄉ</a></span></span>/<span title="Yi-language text"><i lang="ii-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script"><b>d</b>a</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ta˧]</span></td> <td>'place'</td> <td>Contrasts aspirated and <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">unaspirated</a> forms </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Some dialects</td> <td><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography"><b>t</b>roço</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɾɔsu]</span></td> <td>'thing' (pejorative)</td> <td>Allophone before alveolar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a>/</span>. In other dialects <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɾ/</span> takes a denti-alveolar allophone instead. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td><span title="Tagalog-language text"><i lang="tl"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography">ma<b>t</b>amis</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɐtɐˈmis]</span></td> <td>'sweet'</td> <td colspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_phonology" title="Tagalog phonology">Tagalog phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></td> <td><span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th"><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script"><b>ต</b>า</a></span></span>/<a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_General_System_of_Transcription" title="Royal Thai General System of Transcription"><i><b>t</b>a</i></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taː˧]</span></td> <td>'eye'</td> <td>Contrasts with an aspirated form. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a></td> <td><span title="West Frisian-language text"><i lang="fy"><b>t</b>osk</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtosk]</span></td> <td>'tooth'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_phonology" title="West Frisian phonology">West Frisian phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postalveolar">Postalveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Postalveolar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Occurrence of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̠]</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yele_language" title="Yele language">Yele</a></td> <td><span title="Yele-language text"><i lang="yle"><a href="/wiki/Yele_language#Orthography" title="Yele language"><b>d</b>êê</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̠əː]</span></td> <td>'tongue'</td> <td>Contrasts /t̪ t̪͡p t̪ʲ t̠ t̠͡p t̠ʲ/. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable">Variable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Occurrence of a voiceless plosive variable between alveolar and dental positions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard</a></td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">تين</span>‎</span></span>/<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic"><i><b>t</b>īn</i></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tiːn]</span></td> <td>'fig'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar or alveolar, depending on the speaker's <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic" title="Varieties of Arabic">native dialect</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td>Broad <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2002120_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2002120-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><i><b>t</b>alk</i></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[toːk]</span></td> <td rowspan="3">'talk'</td> <td rowspan="3">Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2002120_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2002120-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɔk]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʰɒːk]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200547_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200547-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography"><b>T</b>ochter</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɔxtɐ]</span></td> <td>'daughter'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200547_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200547-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet"><b>τ</b>ρία</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek"><b>t</b>ria</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɾiä]</span></td> <td>'three'</td> <td>Varies between dental, laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, depending on the environment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet"><b>ت</b>ڠکڤ</a><i>/<a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script"><b>t</b>angkap</a></i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪äŋ.käp̚]</span> </td> <td>'catch' </td> <td>More commonly dental. Often <a href="/wiki/No_audible_release" title="No audible release">unreleased</a> in syllable codas. See <a href="/wiki/Malay_phonology" title="Malay phonology">Malay phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet"><b>d</b>ans</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̻ɑns]</span></td> <td>'dance'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. It is usually transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d/</span>. It may be partially voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d̥</a>]</span>, and it contrasts with voiceless aspirated form, which is usually transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a><sup id="cite_ref-mah_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mah-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">توت</span></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʰuːt̪ʰ]</span></td> <td>'berry'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-mah_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mah-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Persian_phonology" title="Persian phonology">Persian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet"><b>t</b>o</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̻ɔ̝]</span></td> <td>'that'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Slovak_phonology" title="Slovak phonology">Slovak phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELibermanCooperShankweilerStuddert-Kennedy1967?-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibermanCooperShankweilerStuddert-Kennedy1967?_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLibermanCooperShankweilerStuddert-Kennedy1967">Liberman et al. 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200561_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBasbøll2005">Basbøll (2005)</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005120-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005120_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrønnum2005">Grønnum (2005)</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGussenhoven1992">Gussenhoven (1992)</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982515-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982515_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWells1982">Wells (1982)</a>, p. 515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzende199491-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzende199491_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSzende1994">Szende (1994)</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013">Gilles & Trouvain (2013)</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699">Palatalization in Brazilian Portuguese revisited</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407132811/http://www.periodicos.letras.ufmg.br/index.php/relin/article/viewFile/2744/2699">Archived</a> 2014-04-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2002120-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2002120_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2002120_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLass2002">Lass (2002)</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScobbieGordeevaMatthews2006">Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006)</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWells1982">Wells (1982)</a>, p. 388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200547-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200547_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200547_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold (2005)</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200710_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArvaniti2007">Arvaniti (2007)</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mah-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mah_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mah_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahootian2002">Mahootian (2002</a>:287–289)<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFMahootian2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKráľ198872_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKráľ1988">Kráľ (1988)</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPavlík200498–99_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPavlík2004">Pavlík (2004)</a>, pp. 98–99.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvaniti2007" class="citation cs2">Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Greek Linguistics</i>, <b>8</b>: 97–208, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv">10.1075/jgl.8.08arv</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995" class="citation cs2">Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Ukrainian</i></a>, Lincom Europa, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783929075083" title="Special:BookSources/9783929075083"><bdi>9783929075083</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421103813/https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ">archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-23</span></span></cite><span 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Lončarića, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65236-0"><bdi>978-0-521-65236-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Croatian&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=66-69&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Ernestina&rft.au=Lon%C4%8Dari%C4%87a%2C+Mijo&rft.au=Horga%2C+Damir&rft.au=%C5%A0kari%C4%87%2C+Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+plosives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells1982" class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (1982). <i>Accents of English</i>. Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466), Vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511611759">10.1017/CBO9780511611759</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511611766">10.1017/CBO9780511611766</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-52128540-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-52128540-2">0-52128540-2</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+plosives&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.date=1982&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.volume=2%3A+The+British+Isles&rft.isbn=0-52128540-2&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FCBO9780511611759"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-52128541-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-52128541-0">0-52128541-0</a><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+plosives&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.date=1982&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.volume=3%3A+Beyond+the+British+Isles&rft.isbn=0-52128541-0&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017%2FCBO9780511611759"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</cite></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_plosives&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=t">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br />(top: velar;<br />bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" 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