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Harrison County, Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Fast_Western"_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroad_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroad_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Railroad connection to Marshall and Harrison County, Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroad_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas_and_Pacific_Railway_stops_associated_with_names_for_boogie-woogie_left-hand_bass_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas_and_Pacific_Railway_stops_associated_with_names_for_boogie-woogie_left-hand_bass_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Texas and Pacific Railway stops associated with names for boogie-woogie left-hand bass lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas_and_Pacific_Railway_stops_associated_with_names_for_boogie-woogie_left-hand_bass_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas,_and_the_origin_of_boogie-woogie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas,_and_the_origin_of_boogie-woogie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Marshall and Harrison County, Texas, and the origin of boogie-woogie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas,_and_the_origin_of_boogie-woogie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_modern_boogie-woogie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_modern_boogie-woogie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Development of modern boogie-woogie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_modern_boogie-woogie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930s_to_1940s:_Carnegie_Hall_and_swing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s_to_1940s:_Carnegie_Hall_and_swing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1930s to 1940s: Carnegie Hall and swing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s_to_1940s:_Carnegie_Hall_and_swing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivative_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivative_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Derivative forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivative_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boogie-woogie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="بوجي ووجي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوجي ووجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Буги-вуги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Буги-вуги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-Woogie" title="Boogie-Woogie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Boogie-Woogie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugui-bugui" title="Bugui-bugui – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bugui-bugui" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie_(hudba)" title="Boogie-woogie (hudba) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boogie-woogie (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-Woogie" title="Boogie-Woogie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Boogie-Woogie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugi-vugi" title="Bugi-vugi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bugi-vugi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Μπούγκι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπούγκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugio" title="Bugio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bugio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="بوگی ووگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوگی ووگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie_(musique)" title="Boogie-woogie (musique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Boogie-woogie (musique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EA%B8%B0%EC%9A%B0%EA%B8%B0" title="부기우기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부기우기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-Woogie" title="Boogie-Woogie – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boogie-Woogie" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99" title="בוגי-ווגי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוגי-ווגי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-Woogie" title="Boogie-Woogie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Boogie-Woogie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogiewoogie_(piano)" title="Boogiewoogie (piano) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boogiewoogie (piano)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%82%AE" title="ブギ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブギ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogiewoogie" title="Boogiewoogie – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Boogiewoogie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_(%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Буги-вуги (музыка) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буги-вуги (музыка)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Буги-вуги – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Буги-вуги" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Boogie-woogie" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_woogie" title="Boogie woogie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boogie woogie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie_woogie" title="Boogie woogie – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boogie woogie" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96-%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Бугі-вугі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бугі-вугі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%BA%E7%83%8F%E5%9F%BA" title="布基烏基 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布基烏基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212952#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Boogie-woogie</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Texas" title="Northeast Texas">Northeast Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump blues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">boogie rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boogie-woogie</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">genre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> music that became popular during the late 1920s, developed in African-American communities since the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually extended from piano to piano duo and trio, guitar, <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country and western music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>. While standard blues traditionally expresses a variety of emotions, boogie-woogie is mainly <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a><sup id="cite_ref-Music_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Music-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although not usually played for the competitive dance known as <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie_(dance)" title="Boogie-woogie (dance)">boogie-woogie (dance)</a>, a term of convenience in that sport). The genre had a significant influence on <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>. </p><p>Boogie-woogie waned in popularity in the 1930s, but enjoyed a resurgence and its greatest acclaim in the 1940s, reaching audiences around the world. Among its most famous acts was the "Boogie Woogie Trio" of <a href="/wiki/Pete_Johnson_(musician)" title="Pete Johnson (musician)">Pete Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ammons" title="Albert Ammons">Albert Ammons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meade_%22Lux%22_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Meade "Lux" Lewis">Meade "Lux" Lewis</a>. Other famous boogie woogie pianists of this peak era were <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rocco" title="Maurice Rocco">Maurice Rocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Slack" title="Freddie Slack">Freddie Slack</a>. There were also many very notable women boogie woogie pianists during this time, including <a href="/wiki/Hadda_Brooks" title="Hadda Brooks">Hadda Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winifred_Atwell" title="Winifred Atwell">Winifred Atwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_Davis_(singer)" title="Martha Davis (singer)">Martha Davis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Scott" title="Hazel Scott">Hazel Scott</a>, as well as in later years, such as <a href="/wiki/Katie_Webster" title="Katie Webster">Katie Webster</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_features">Musical features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Musical features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boogie-woogie is characterized by a regular left-hand <a href="/wiki/Bassline" title="Bassline">bass figure</a>, which is transposed following the chord changes. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another"><img alt="Another" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg/310px-%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg/465px-%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg/620px-%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></dd> <dd><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.mid\/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\"Texarkana and Northern\" Boogie-woogie bassline.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.mid/%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Texarkana_and_Northern%22_Boogie-woogie_bassline.mid" title="File:"Texarkana and Northern" Boogie-woogie bassline.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></dd></dl> <p>Boogie-woogie is not strictly a solo piano style; it can accompany singers and be featured in orchestras and small combos. It is sometimes called "eight to the <a href="/wiki/Bar_(music)" title="Bar (music)">bar</a>", as much of it is written in <a href="/wiki/Common_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Common time">common time</a> (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>) time using <a href="/wiki/Eighth_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighth notes">eighth notes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quaver" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaver">quavers</a>) (see <a href="/wiki/Time_signature" title="Time signature">time signature</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Chord_progressions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord progressions">chord progressions</a> are typically based on <b>I</b>–<b>IV</b>–<b>V</b>–<b>I</b> (with many formal variations of it, such as <b>I</b>/<b>i</b>–<b>IV</b>/<b>iv</b>–<b>v</b>/<b>I</b>, as well as chords that lead into these ones). </p><p>For the most part, boogie-woogie tunes are <a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">twelve-bar blues</a>, although the style has been applied to popular songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Old_Folks_at_Home" title="Old Folks at Home">Swanee River</a>" and hymns such as "<a href="/wiki/Just_a_Closer_Walk_with_Thee_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Just a Closer Walk with Thee (song)">Just a Closer Walk with Thee</a>". </p><p>Typical boogie-woogie bassline: </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical boogie-woogie bassline on 12 bar blues progression in G"><img alt="Typical boogie-woogie bassline on 12 bar blues progression in G" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg/500px-%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg/750px-%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg/1000px-%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></dd> <dd><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/00\/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.mid\/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"\"Texas & Pacific\" boogie woogie bass.mid"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.mid/%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Texas_%26_Pacific%22_boogie_woogie_bass.mid" title="File:"Texas & Pacific" boogie woogie bass.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1870s–1930s"><span id="1870s.E2.80.931930s"></span>1870s–1930s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1870s–1930s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several African terms have been suggested as having some interesting linguistic precursors to "boogie": Among them are the: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a> word "Boog", and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandingo</a> word "Booga" (both of which mean "to beat", as in beating a drum)</li> <li>West African word "Bogi" (which means "to dance")<sup id="cite_ref-Boogie_Woogie_1986_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boogie_Woogie_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu</a> term "Mbuki Mvuki" (Mbuki: "to take off in flight"; Mvuki: "to dance wildly, as if to shake off one's clothes").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The African origin of these terms is consistent with the African-American origin of the music. </p><p>In sheet music literature prior to 1900, there are at least three examples of the word "boogie" in music titles in the archives of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901, "Hoogie Boogie" appeared in the title of published sheet music, the first known instance where a redoubling of the word "Boogie" occurs in the title of published music. (In 1880, "The Boogie Man" had occurred as the title of published music.) The first use of "Boogie" in a recording title appears to be a "blue cylinder" recording made by Edison of the "American Quartet" performing "That Syncopated Boogie Boo" in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> states that the word is a <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplication</a> of <i>boogie</i>, which was used for "<a href="/wiki/Rent_party" title="Rent party">rent parties</a>" as early as 1913. </p><p>"Boogie" next occurs in the title of <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Sweatman" title="Wilbur Sweatman">Wilbur Sweatman</a>'s April 1917 recording of "Boogie Rag". None of these sheet music or audio recording examples contain the musical elements that would identify them as boogie-woogie. The 1919 recordings (two takes) of "<a href="/wiki/Weary_Blues" title="Weary Blues">Weary Blues</a>" by the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Five" title="Louisiana Five">Louisiana Five</a> contained the same boogie-woogie bass figure as appears in the 1915 "Weary Blues" sheet music by <a href="/wiki/Artie_Matthews" title="Artie Matthews">Artie Matthews</a>. Tennison has recognized these 1919 recordings as the earliest sound recordings which contain a boogie-woogie bass figure. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Blind_Lemon_Jefferson" title="Blind Lemon Jefferson">Blind Lemon Jefferson</a> used the term "Booga Rooga" to refer to a guitar bass figure that he used in "Match Box Blues".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jefferson may have heard the term from <a href="/wiki/Huddie_%22Lead_Belly%22_Ledbetter" class="mw-redirect" title="Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter">Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter</a>, who played frequently with Jefferson. Lead Belly, who was born in <a href="/wiki/Mooringsport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mooringsport">Mooringsport</a>, La., and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Harrison_County,_Texas" title="Harrison County, Texas">Harrison County, Texas</a>, in the community of Leigh, said he first heard boogie-woogie piano in the <a href="/wiki/Caddo_Lake" title="Caddo Lake">Caddo Lake</a> area of northeast Texas in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said it influenced his guitar-playing. Lead Belly also said he heard boogie-woogie piano in the Fannin Street district of <a href="/wiki/Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport, Louisiana</a>. Some of the players he heard were Dave Alexander, who recorded for Decca in 1937 as "<a href="/wiki/Black_Ivory_King" title="Black Ivory King">Black Ivory King</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a piano player called Pine Top (not Pine Top Smith, who was not born until 1904, but possibly Pine Top Williams or Pine Top Hill).<sup id="cite_ref-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lead Belly was among the first guitar-players to adapt the rolling bass of boogie-woogie piano. </p><p>Texas, as the state of origin, became reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a>, who said he heard the boogie piano style there early in the 20th century, as did Leadbelly and <a href="/wiki/Bunk_Johnson" title="Bunk Johnson">Bunk Johnson</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Reitz" title="Rosetta Reitz">Rosetta Reitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first time the modern-day spelling of "boogie-woogie" was used in a title of a published audio recording of music appears to be Pine Top Smith's December 1928 recording titled "Pine Top's Boogie Woogie", a song whose lyrics contain dance instructions to "boogie-woogie".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest documented inquiries into the geographical origin of boogie-woogie occurred in the late 1930s when oral histories from the oldest living Americans of both African and European descent revealed a broad consensus that boogie-woogie piano was first played in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> in the early 1870s. Additional citations place the origins of boogie-woogie in the <a href="/wiki/Piney_Woods" title="Piney Woods">Piney Woods</a> of northeast Texas. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The first Negroes who played what is called boogie-woogie, or house-rent music, and attracted attention in city slums where other Negroes held jam sessions, were from Texas. And all the Old-time Texans, black or white, are agreed that boogie piano players were first heard in the lumber and turpentine camps, where nobody was at home at all. The style dates from the early 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Elliot Paul, <i>That Crazy American Music</i> (1957)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Fast_Western"_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas"><span id=".22Fast_Western.22_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County.2C_Texas"></span>"Fast Western" connection to Marshall and Harrison County, Texas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Fast Western" connection to Marshall and Harrison County, Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Max Harrison (in the book <i>Jazz</i> edited by Hentoff and McCarthy in 1959) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_%22Mack%22_McCormick" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert "Mack" McCormick">Mack McCormick</a> (in the liner notes to his Treasury of Field Recordings, Vol. 2) concluded that "Fast Western" was the first term by which boogie-woogie was known. He stated that "in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Galveston" class="mw-redirect" title="Galveston">Galveston</a>—all Negro piano players played that way. This style was often referred to as a 'fast western' or 'fast blues' as differentiated from the 'slow blues' of <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>. At these gatherings the <a href="/wiki/Ragtime" title="Ragtime">ragtime</a> and blues boys could easily tell from what section of the country a man came, even going so far as to name the town, by his interpretation of a piece."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Tennison, when he interviewed Lee Ree Sullivan in <a href="/wiki/Texarkana" class="mw-redirect" title="Texarkana">Texarkana</a> in 1986, Sullivan told him that he was familiar with "Fast Western" and "Fast Texas" as terms to refer to boogie-woogie in general, but not to denote the use of any specific bass figure used in boogie-woogie. Sullivan said that "Fast Western" and "Fast Texas" were terms that derived from the Texas Western Railroad Company of Harrison County.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was chartered on February 16, 1852, and changed its name to "Southern Pacific" in 1856. It built its first track from <a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Texas" title="Marshall, Texas">Marshall, Texas</a> Swanson's Landing at Caddo Lake in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (This Texas-based "Southern Pacific" was not connected to the more well known <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Transportation_Company" title="Southern Pacific Transportation Company">Southern Pacific</a> originating in San Francisco, California.) The Southern Pacific of Texas was bought by the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Texas_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Texas and Pacific Railway">Texas and Pacific Railway</a> on March 21, 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Texas Western Railroad Company changed its name to Southern Pacific, Sullivan said the name "Texas Western" stuck among the slaves who constructed the railroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroad_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas"><span id="Railroad_connection_to_Marshall_and_Harrison_County.2C_Texas"></span>Railroad connection to Marshall and Harrison County, Texas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Railroad connection to Marshall and Harrison County, Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key to identifying the geographical area in which boogie-woogie originated is understanding the relationship of boogie-woogie music with the steam railroad, both in the sense of how the music might have been influenced by sounds associated with the arrival of steam locomotives as well as the cultural impact the sudden emergence of the railroad might have had. </p><p>The railroad did not arrive in northeast Texas as an extension of track from existing lines from the north or the east. Rather, the first railroad locomotives and iron rails were brought to northeast Texas via steamboats from New Orleans via the Mississippi and Red Rivers and Caddo Lake to Swanson's Landing, located on the Louisiana–Texas state line. Beginning with the formation of the Texas Western Railroad Company in Marshall, Texas, through the subsequent establishment in 1871 of the Texas and Pacific Railway company, which located its headquarters and shops there, Marshall was the only railroad hub in the Piney Woods of northeast Texas at the time the music developed. The sudden appearance of steam locomotives and the building of mainline tracks and tap lines to serve logging operations was pivotal to the creation of the music in terms of its sound and rhythm. It was also crucial to the rapid migration of the musical style from the rural barrel house camps to the cities and towns served by the Texas and Pacific Railway Company. </p> <blockquote><p>Although the neighboring states of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Missouri would also produce boogie-woogie players and their boogie-woogie tunes, and despite the fact that Chicago would become known as the center for this music through such pianists as <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Yancey" title="Jimmy Yancey">Jimmy Yancey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ammons" title="Albert Ammons">Albert Ammons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meade_Lux_Lewis" title="Meade Lux Lewis">Meade "Lux" Lewis</a>, Texas was home to an environment that fostered creation of boogie-style: the lumber, cattle, turpentine, and oil industries, all served by an expanding railway system from the northern corner of East Texas to the Gulf Coast and from the Louisiana border to <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> and West Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>Anonymous black musicians, longing to grab a train and ride away from their troubles, incorporated the rhythms of the steam locomotive and the moan of their whistles into the new dance music they were playing in jukes and dance halls. Boogie-woogie forever changed piano playing, as ham-handed black piano players transformed the instrument into a polyrhythmic railroad train.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the 1986 television broadcast of Britain's <i><a href="/wiki/The_South_Bank_Show" title="The South Bank Show">The South Bank Show</a></i> about boogie-woogie, music historian <a href="/wiki/Paul_Oliver" title="Paul Oliver">Paul Oliver</a> noted: </p> <blockquote><p>Now the conductors were used to the <a href="/wiki/Logging_camp" title="Logging camp">logging camp</a> pianists clamoring aboard, telling them a few stories, jumping off the train, getting into another logging camp, and playing again for eight hours, barrel house. In this way the music got around—all through Texas—and eventually, of course, out of Texas. Now when this new form of piano music came from Texas, it moved out towards Louisiana. It was brought by people like <a href="/wiki/George_W._Thomas" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Thomas">George W. Thomas</a>, an early pianist who was already living in New Orleans by about 1910 and writing New Orleans Hop Scop Blues", which really has some of the characteristics of the music that we came to know as Boogie.<sup id="cite_ref-Boogie_Woogie_1986_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boogie_Woogie_1986-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Paul Oliver also wrote that George W. Thomas "composed the theme of the New Orleans Hop Scop Blues—in spite of its title—based on the blues he had heard played by the pianists of East Texas."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 12, 2007, Oliver confirmed to John Tennison that it was <a href="/wiki/Sippie_Wallace" title="Sippie Wallace">Sippie Wallace</a> who told Oliver that performances by East Texas pianists had formed the basis for George Thomas's "Hop Scop Blues".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brothers <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Thomas" title="George Washington Thomas">George Thomas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hersal_Thomas" title="Hersal Thomas">Hersal Thomas</a> migrated from Texas to Chicago and brought boogie-woogie with them, influencing a number of pianists, including Jimmy Yancey, Meade Lux Lewis, and Albert Ammons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many elements now recognized as foundational elements of boogie-woogie are present in their 1922 song "The Fives".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Texas_and_Pacific_Railway_stops_associated_with_names_for_boogie-woogie_left-hand_bass_lines">Texas and Pacific Railway stops associated with names for boogie-woogie left-hand bass lines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Texas and Pacific Railway stops associated with names for boogie-woogie left-hand bass lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early generation boogie-woogie players recognized basic boogie-woogie bass lines by geographical locations with which they associated them. Lee Ree Sullivan identified a number of these left hand bass lines for Tennison in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the primitive to the complex, those identifications indicate that the most primitive form of the music was associated with Marshall, Texas—and that the left-hand bass lines grew more complex as the distance from Marshall increased. </p><p>The most primitive of these left hand bass lines is the one that was called "the Marshall". It is a simple, four-beats-to-the-bar figure. The second-most primitive bass-line, called "the Jefferson", is also four-beats-to-the-bar, but goes down in pitch on the last note in each four-note cycle. It has been suggested that this downturn in pitch reveals a possible New Orleans influence. <a href="/wiki/Jefferson,_Texas" title="Jefferson, Texas">Jefferson, Texas</a>, about 17 miles north of Marshall, was the westernmost port of a steamboat route that connected to New Orleans via Caddo Lake, the Red River, and the Mississippi River.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining bass lines rise in complexity with distance from Marshall, Texas as one would expect variations and innovations would occur as the territory in which the music has been introduced expands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marshall_and_Harrison_County,_Texas,_and_the_origin_of_boogie-woogie"><span id="Marshall_and_Harrison_County.2C_Texas.2C_and_the_origin_of_boogie-woogie"></span>Marshall and Harrison County, Texas, and the origin of boogie-woogie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marshall and Harrison County, Texas, and the origin of boogie-woogie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2010, John Tennison summarized his research into the origins of boogie-woogie with the conclusion that Marshall, Texas is "the municipality whose boundaries are most likely to encompass or be closest to the point on the map which is the geographic center of gravity for all instances of Boogie Woogie performance between 1870 and 1880". </p><p>Tennison states: </p> <blockquote><p>Given the account of Elliot Paul, and given that Lead Belly witnessed boogie-woogie in 1899 in the Arklatex; and given the North to South migration of the Thomas family; and given the Texas & Pacific headquarters in Marshall in the early 1870s; and given that Harrison County had the largest slave population in the state of Texas; and given the fact that the best-documented and largest-scale turpentine camps in Texas did not occur until after 1900 in Southeast Texas, it is most probable that boogie-woogie spread from Northeast to Southeast Texas, rather than from Southeast to Northeast Texas, or by having developed diffusely with an even density over all of the Piney Woods of East Texas. It would not be surprising if there was as yet undiscovered evidence of the earliest boogie-woogie performances buried (metaphorically or literally) in Northeast Texas.</p></blockquote> <p>On May 13, 2010, the Marshall City Commission enacted an official declaration naming Marshall as the "birthplace" of boogie-woogie music, and embarked on a program to encourage additional historical research and to stimulate interest in and appreciation for the early African-American culture in northeast Texas that played a vital role in creating boogie-woogie music.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Birthplace of Boogie Woogie" was registered by the Marshall Convention and Visitors on June 21, 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Development_of_modern_boogie-woogie">Development of modern boogie-woogie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development of modern boogie-woogie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A song titled "<a href="/wiki/Tin_Roof_Blues" title="Tin Roof Blues">Tin Roof Blues</a>" was published in 1923 by the Clarence Williams Publishing Company. Compositional credit is given to <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Jones" title="Richard M. Jones">Richard M. Jones</a>. The Jones composition uses a boogie bass in the introduction with some variation throughout. In February 1923, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Samuels" title="Joseph Samuels">Joseph Samuels</a>' Tampa Blue Jazz Band recorded the George W. Thomas number "The Fives" for <a href="/wiki/Okeh_Records" title="Okeh Records">Okeh Records</a>, considered the first example of jazz band boogie-woogie. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Blythe" title="Jimmy Blythe">Jimmy Blythe</a>'s recording of "Chicago Stomps" from April 1924 is sometimes called the first complete boogie-woogie piano solo record. </p><p>The first boogie-woogie hit was "Pinetop's Boogie Woogie" by <a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Smith" title="Pinetop Smith">Pinetop Smith</a>, recorded in 1928 and first released in 1929. Smith's record was the first boogie-woogie recording to be a commercial hit, and helped establish "boogie-woogie" as the name of the style. It was closely followed by another example of pure boogie-woogie, "<a href="/wiki/Honky_Tonk_Train_Blues" title="Honky Tonk Train Blues">Honky Tonk Train Blues</a>" by Meade Lux Lewis, recorded by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Records" title="Paramount Records">Paramount Records</a>(1927), first released in March 1930. The performance emulated a railroad trip, perhaps lending credence to the "train theory". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s_to_1940s:_Carnegie_Hall_and_swing">1930s to 1940s: Carnegie Hall and swing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1930s to 1940s: Carnegie Hall and swing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boogie-woogie gained further public attention in 1938, thanks to the <i><a href="/wiki/From_Spirituals_to_Swing" title="From Spirituals to Swing">From Spirituals to Swing</a></i> concert in <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> promoted by <a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">record producer</a> <a href="/wiki/John_H._Hammond" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Hammond">John Hammond</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Music_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Music-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concert featured <a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_Turner" title="Big Joe Turner">Big Joe Turner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Johnson_(musician)" title="Pete Johnson (musician)">Pete Johnson</a> performing Turner's tribute to Johnson, "<a href="/wiki/Roll_%27Em_Pete" title="Roll 'Em Pete">Roll 'Em Pete</a>", as well as Meade Lux Lewis performing "Honky Tonk Train Blues" and Albert Ammons playing "Swanee River Boogie". "Roll 'Em Pete" is now considered to be an early <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> song. </p><p>These three pianists, with Turner, took up residence in the <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Society" title="Café Society">Café Society</a> night club in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> where they were popular with the sophisticated set. They often played in combinations of two and even three pianos, creating a richly textured piano performance. </p><p>After the Carnegie Hall concert, it was only natural for swing bands to incorporate the boogie-woogie beat into some of their music. <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</a>'s band recorded an updated version of "<a href="/wiki/Pine_Top%27s_Boogie_Woogie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine Top's Boogie Woogie">Pine Top's Boogie Woogie</a>" in 1938, which (as "Boogie Woogie") became a hit in 1943 and 1945,<sup id="cite_ref-pc2a_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc2a-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was to become the <a href="/wiki/Swing_era" title="Swing era">swing era</a>'s second best seller, only second to <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Miller" title="Glenn Miller">Glenn Miller</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/In_the_Mood" title="In the Mood">In the Mood</a>". In 1939, at the suggestion of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> producer <a href="/wiki/John_Hammond_(producer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hammond (producer)">John Hammond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_James" title="Harry James">Harry James</a> recorded the singles <a href="/wiki/Boo-Woo" title="Boo-Woo">Boo-Woo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woo-Woo_(song)" title="Woo-Woo (song)">Woo-Woo</a> with <a href="/wiki/Pete_Johnson_(musician)" title="Pete Johnson (musician)">Pete Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ammons" title="Albert Ammons">Albert Ammons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also from 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Will_Bradley" title="Will Bradley">Will Bradley</a> orchestra had a string of boogie hits such as the original versions of "<a href="/wiki/Beat_Me_Daddy,_Eight_to_the_Bar" title="Beat Me Daddy, Eight to the Bar">Beat Me Daddy (Eight To The Bar)</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Down_the_Road_a_Piece" title="Down the Road a Piece">Down the Road a Piece</a>", both 1940, and "Scrub Me Mamma with a Boogie Beat", in 1941. That same year, <a href="/wiki/The_Andrews_Sisters" title="The Andrews Sisters">The Andrews Sisters</a> had a top 10 hit single with their recording of "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy". </p><p>The popularity of the Carnegie Hall concert meant work for many of the fellow boogie players and also led to the adaptation of boogie-woogie sounds to many other forms of music. <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey" title="Tommy Dorsey">Tommy Dorsey</a>'s band had a hit with "T.D.'s Boogie Woogie" as arranged by <a href="/wiki/Sy_Oliver" title="Sy Oliver">Sy Oliver</a>, and soon there were boogie-woogie songs, recorded and printed, of many different stripes. These included most famously, in the big-band genre, the ubiquitous "Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy", which was revamped by <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> as her 2006 hit, "<a href="/wiki/Candyman_(Christina_Aguilera_song)" title="Candyman (Christina Aguilera song)">Candyman</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derivative_forms">Derivative forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Derivative forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Boogie-woogie" title="Special:EditPage/Boogie-woogie">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. 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codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Red_Dog_Shuffle_-_Colin_Ross_Quartet.ogv/Red_Dog_Shuffle_-_Colin_Ross_Quartet.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Red_Dog_Shuffle_-_Colin_Ross_Quartet.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="360" data-height="240" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="description">A contemporary boogie-woogie</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>The boogie-woogie fad lasted from the late 1930s into the early 1950s,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made a major contribution to the development of <a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">jump blues</a> and ultimately to rock and roll, epitomized by <a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Fats Domino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jordan" title="Louis Jordan">Louis Jordan</a> is a famous jump blues musician. Boogie-woogie is still to be heard in clubs and on records throughout Europe and North America. <a href="/wiki/Big_Joe_Duskin" title="Big Joe Duskin">Big Joe Duskin</a> displayed on his 1979 album, <i>Cincinnati Stomp</i>, a command of piano blues and boogie-woogie, which he had absorbed at first hand in the 1940s from Albert Ammons and Pete Johnson.<sup id="cite_ref-russell_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-russell-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trickle of what was initially called hillbilly boogie, or Okie boogie (later to be renamed country boogie), became a flood beginning around late 1945. One notable country boogie song from this period was the <a href="/wiki/Delmore_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Delmore Brothers">Delmore Brothers'</a> "Freight Train Boogie". More representative examples can be found in some of the songs of Western swing pioneer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Wills" title="Bob Wills">Bob Wills</a>. The hillbilly boogie period lasted into the 1950s, the last recordings of this era were made by <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Ernie_Ford" title="Tennessee Ernie Ford">Tennessee Ernie Ford</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cliffie_Stone" title="Cliffie Stone">Cliffie Stone</a> and his orchestra with the guitar duo <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Bryant" title="Jimmy Bryant">Jimmy Bryant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speedy_West" title="Speedy West">Speedy West</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haley_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Haley (musician)">Bill Haley</a> and the Saddlemen recorded "Sundown Boogie" in 1952, which once again featured the guitar playing the boogie-woogie rhythm. </p><p>Boogie-woogie continued in country music through the end of the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/The_Charlie_Daniels_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="The Charlie Daniels Band">The Charlie Daniels Band</a> (whose earlier tune "The South's Gonna Do It Again" uses boogie-woogie influences) released "Boogie Woogie Fiddle Country Blues" in 1988, and three years later in 1991 <a href="/wiki/Brooks_%26_Dunn" title="Brooks & Dunn">Brooks & Dunn</a> had a huge hit with "<a href="/wiki/Boot_Scootin%27_Boogie" title="Boot Scootin' Boogie">Boot Scootin' Boogie</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some tradition-minded country artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Asleep_at_the_Wheel" title="Asleep at the Wheel">Asleep at the Wheel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merle_Haggard" title="Merle Haggard">Merle Haggard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Strait" title="George Strait">George Strait</a>, incorporated boogie-woogie in their recordings. </p><p>In the many styles of blues, especially <a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago blues</a> and (more recently) <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_blues" title="West Coast blues">West Coast blues</a>, some pianists and guitarists were influenced by, and employed, the traditional boogie-woogie styles. Some of the earliest and most influential were <a href="/wiki/Big_Maceo_Merriweather" title="Big Maceo Merriweather">Big Maceo Merriweather</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunnyland_Slim" title="Sunnyland Slim">Sunnyland Slim</a>. <a href="/wiki/Otis_Spann" title="Otis Spann">Otis Spann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinetop_Perkins" title="Pinetop Perkins">Pinetop Perkins</a>, two of the best-known blues pianists, are heavily boogie-woogie influenced, with the latter taking both his name and signature tune from Pinetop Smith. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/European_classical_music" class="mw-redirect" title="European classical music">Western classical music</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> <a href="/wiki/Conlon_Nancarrow" title="Conlon Nancarrow">Conlon Nancarrow</a> was also deeply influenced by boogie-woogie, as many of his early works for <a href="/wiki/Player_piano" title="Player piano">player piano</a> demonstrate. "A Wonderful Time Up There" is a boogie-woogie gospel song. In 1943, <a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a> composed "Boogie-Woogie Etude" for classical pianist <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Iturbi" title="José Iturbi">José Iturbi</a>, who premiered and recorded it that year. <a href="/wiki/Povel_Ramel" title="Povel Ramel">Povel Ramel</a>'s first hit in 1944 was "Johanssons boogie-woogie-vals" where he mixed boogie-woogie with <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>. Twenty-first-century commentators have also noted the characteristics of boogie-woogie in the third variation of the second movement of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._32_(Beethoven)" title="Piano Sonata No. 32 (Beethoven)">Piano Sonata No. 32</a>, written between 1821 and 1822—60 years prior to creation of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-denk_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denk-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/28px-Guit_Blues.JPG" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/41px-Guit_Blues.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/55px-Guit_Blues.JPG 2x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="161" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Blues" title="Portal:Blues">Blues portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boogie" title="Boogie">Boogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boogie_woogie_musicians" title="List of boogie woogie musicians">List of boogie woogie musicians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Paul-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul, Elliot, <i>That Crazy American Music</i> (1957), Chapter 10, p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Music-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Music_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Music_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDu_Noyer2003" class="citation book cs1">Du Noyer, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2/page/164/mode/2up"><i>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music</i></a> (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904041-96-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-904041-96-5"><bdi>1-904041-96-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Music&rft.place=Fulham%2C+London&rft.pages=165&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Flame+Tree+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-904041-96-5&rft.aulast=Du+Noyer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fillustratedencyc0000unse_j5o2%2Fpage%2F164%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boogie_Woogie_1986-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Boogie_Woogie_1986_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boogie_Woogie_1986_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_South_Bank_Show" title="The South Bank Show">The South Bank Show</a></i> (UK television series), episode on Boogie Woogie, 1986, with commentary by Paul Oliver.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>They Have a Word for It: A Lighthearted Lexicon of Untranslatable Words and Phrases</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rheingold" title="Howard Rheingold">Howard Rheingold</a>, Published 2000 by Sarabande Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liner Notes (p. 20), written by Jean-Christophe Averty, for CD album, <i>Original Boogie Woogie</i> by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bolling" title="Claude Bolling">Claude Bolling</a>, 1968, Universal Music S.A.S., France.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digilib.syr.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/cylinder&CISOPTR=179&CISOBOX=1&REC=1">"CONTENTdm Collection : Item Viewer"</a>. <i>Digilib.syr.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digilib.syr.edu&rft.atitle=CONTENTdm+Collection+%3A+Item+Viewer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigilib.syr.edu%2Fcdm4%2Fitem_viewer.php%3FCISOROOT%3D%2Fcylinder%26CISOPTR%3D179%26CISOBOX%3D1%26REC%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Price, Sammy, <i>What Do They Want?</i> (autobiography), 1990, University of Illinois Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Just_Jazz_pages_13-40_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Borneman" title="Ernest Borneman">Borneman, Ernest</a>, Chapter 2. "Boogie Woogie" (pp. 13–40), in <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Traill" title="Sinclair Traill">Sinclair Traill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerald_David_Lascelles" title="Gerald David Lascelles">The Hon Gerald Lascelles</a> (eds), <i>Just Jazz</i>, published 1957 for Peter Davies Ltd by The Windmill Press, Kingswood, Surrey, UK.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomko2020" class="citation book cs1">Tomko, Gene (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZKzDwAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel</i></a>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807169322" title="Special:BookSources/9780807169322"><bdi>9780807169322</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Louisiana+Musicians%3A+Jazz%2C+Blues%2C+Cajun%2C+Creole%2C+Zydeco%2C+Swamp+Pop%2C+and+Gospel&rft.place=Baton+Rouge&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Louisiana+State+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780807169322&rft.aulast=Tomko&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ZKzDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Russell_(jazz)" title="Ross Russell (jazz)">Russell, Ross</a>, "Illuminating The Leadbelly Legend", <i>Down Beat</i>, August 6, 1970, Vol. 37, No. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liner Notes by Rosetta Reitz for Album: <i>Boogie Blues: Women Sing and Play Boogie Woogie</i>, 1983, Rosetta Records, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/start;jsessionid=5148C80477C409D88F9AA163E493F4F0?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F21408%3FredirectedFrom%3Dboogie-woogie">"Home : Oxford English Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.oed.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oed.com&rft.atitle=Home+%3A+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fstart%3Bjsessionid%3D5148C80477C409D88F9AA163E493F4F0%3FauthRejection%3Dtrue%26url%3D%252Fview%252FEntry%252F21408%253FredirectedFrom%253Dboogie-woogie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, E. Simms Campbell, <i>Jazzmen: The Story of Hot Jazz Told in the Lives of the Men Who Created It</i>, 1939, Chapter 4: "Blues", pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee_Ree_Sullivan_1986_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview with Lee Ree Sullivan, Boogie Woogie pianist, 1986, Texarkana, AR-TX, by John Tennison and Alfred Tennison, Jr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqt20">"TEXAS WESTERN RAILROAD | The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)"</a>. <i>Tshaonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tshaonline.org&rft.atitle=TEXAS+WESTERN+RAILROAD+%26%23124%3B+The+Handbook+of+Texas+Online%26%23124%3B+Texas+State+Historical+Association+%28TSHA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Feqt20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerner" class="citation web cs1">Werner, George C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/texas-western-railroad">"Texas Western Railroad"</a>. <i>Handbook of Texas Online</i>. Texas State Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=Texas+Western+Railroad&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=George+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fentries%2Ftexas-western-railroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Oliphant, <i>Texan Jazz</i>, University of Texas Press, 1996, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Lomax, Chapter 4, "Lonesome Whistles", p. 170, <i>The Land Where the Blues Began</i>, New York: The New Press, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliver, Paul, <i>The Story of the Blues</i>, London, 1969, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interview with Paul Oliver by John Tennison, February 12, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgj02">"JEFFERSON, TX (MARION COUNTY)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Handbook_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Handbook of Texas">The Handbook of Texas Online</a></i>. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=JEFFERSON%2C+TX+%28MARION+COUNTY%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fhgj02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee Hancock, Dallas Morning News, June 18, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc2a-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc2a_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNTML/browse/?start=2&fq=untl_collection%3AJGPC"><i>Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s</i></a> (audiobook). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55935-147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55935-147-8"><bdi>978-1-55935-147-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31611854">31611854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Chronicles+the+40s%3A+The+Lively+Story+of+Pop+Music+in+the+40s&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31611854&rft.isbn=978-1-55935-147-8&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fexplore%2Fpartners%2FUNTML%2Fbrowse%2F%3Fstart%3D2%26fq%3Duntl_collection%253AJGPC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span> Tape 2, side A.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Levinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter J. Levinson">Levinson, Peter</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumpetblueslife00levi"><i>Trumpet Blues - The Life of Harry James</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumpetblueslife00levi/page/60">60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514239-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514239-X"><bdi>0-19-514239-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trumpet+Blues+-+The+Life+of+Harry+James&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-514239-X&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrumpetblueslife00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ScjucUV8v0">"Christina Aguilera - Candyman (Official Music Video)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 7 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/-ScjucUV8v0">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christina+Aguilera+-+Candyman+%28Official+Music+Video%29&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2009-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-ScjucUV8v0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, Robert, <i>Deep Blues</i>, 1981, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-russell-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-russell_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1997" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Tony (1997). <i>The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray</i>. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85868-255-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85868-255-X"><bdi>1-85868-255-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blues%3A+From+Robert+Johnson+to+Robert+Cray&rft.place=Dubai&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Carlton+Books+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85868-255-X&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040222172301/http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/brooks_and_dunn/25957/album.jhtml">"Brand New Man by Brooks & Dunn"</a>. <i>Cmt.com</i>. 1991-01-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmt.com/artists/az/brooks_and_dunn/25957/album.jhtml">the original</a> on February 22, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cmt.com&rft.atitle=Brand+New+Man+by+Brooks+%26+Dunn&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmt.com%2Fartists%2Faz%2Fbrooks_and_dunn%2F25957%2Falbum.jhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denk-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denk_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenk2012" class="citation AV-media-notes cs1">Denk, Jeremy (2012). <i>Ligeti/Beethoven</i> (booklet). <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Denk" title="Jeremy Denk">Jeremy Denk</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nonesuch_Records" title="Nonesuch Records">Nonesuch Records</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ligeti%2FBeethoven&rft.pub=Nonesuch+Records&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Denk&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvester2009" class="citation book cs1">Silvester, Peter (2009) [1988]. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofboogiewoo0000silv"><i>The Story of Boogie-Woogie: A Left Hand Like God</i></a></span> (Revised ed.). Lanham, Md.: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-6924-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-6924-1"><bdi>0-8108-6924-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/979685923">979685923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Boogie-Woogie%3A+A+Left+Hand+Like+God&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F979685923&rft.isbn=0-8108-6924-1&rft.aulast=Silvester&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofboogiewoo0000silv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoogie-woogie" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boogie-woogie&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boogie_woogie" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boogie woogie">Boogie woogie</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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response (music)">Call and response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-bar_blues" title="Eight-bar blues">Eight-bar blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_improvisation" title="Musical improvisation">Musical improvisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuffle_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuffle note">Shuffles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_blues_verses" title="Traditional blues verses">Traditional blues verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">Twelve-bar blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Walking bass">Walking bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_the_blues" title="Origins of the blues">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_holler" title="Field holler">Field hollers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">Spirituals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song#African-American_work_songs" title="Work song">Work songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional<br /> styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_blues" title="African blues">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Desert blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_blues" title="Canadian blues">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_blues" title="Chicago blues">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_country_blues" title="Hill country blues">Hill country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_blues" title="Louisiana blues">Louisiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_blues" title="New Orleans blues">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_blues" title="Swamp blues">Swamp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_blues" title="Memphis blues">Memphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_in_New_Zealand" title="Blues in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmont_blues" title="Piedmont blues">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_blues" title="Texas blues">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_blues" title="Anatolian blues">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_blues" title="British blues">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_blues" title="West Coast blues">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boogie-woogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_female_blues" title="Classic female blues">Classic female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_blues" title="Country blues">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_country_blues" title="Hill country blues">Hill country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_blues" title="Dirty blues">Dirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_and_drum_blues" title="Fife and drum blues">Fife and drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokum" title="Hokum">Hokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holler_blues" title="Holler blues">Holler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_band" title="Jug band">Jug band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">Skiffle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_blues" title="Punk blues">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_blues" title="Gospel blues">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_blues" title="Jump blues">Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_blues" title="Soul blues">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_musicians" title="List of blues musicians">Blues musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_blues_musicians_by_genre" title="Lists of blues musicians by genre">Blues musicians by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_standards" title="List of blues standards">Blues standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_blues_festivals" title="List of blues festivals">Blues festivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/28px-Guit_Blues.JPG" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Guit_Blues.JPG/41px-Guit_Blues.JPG 1.5x, 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