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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquiring_Nauruan_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Acquiring Nauruan nationality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acquiring_Nauruan_nationality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acquiring Nauruan nationality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acquiring_Nauruan_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_birth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_birth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>By birth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_birth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_naturalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_naturalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>By naturalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_naturalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loss of nationality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_nationality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_nationality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_nationality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dual nationality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dual_nationality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_trusteeship_(1920–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Under trusteeship (1920–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_trusteeship_(1920–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_(1968–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_(1968–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Post-independence (1968–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_(1968–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #ededed">Naoero Citizenship Act</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/255px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg/340px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="402" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><b><a href="/wiki/Long_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Long title">Long title</a></b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">An Act relating to Nauruan citizenship </div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Nauru">Government of Nauru</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#AAF0D1;"><b>Status:</b> Current legislation</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Nauruans" title="Nauruans">Nauruan</a> <a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">nationality law</a></b> is regulated by the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nauru" title="Constitution of Nauru">Constitution of Nauru</a>, as amended; the Naoero Citizenship Act of 2017, and its revisions; custom; and international agreements entered into by the Nauruan government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20206,_10_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20206,_10-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacSporran199320_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacSporran199320-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Nauru. The legal means to acquire <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a>, formal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as <a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">citizenship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosas199434_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosas199434-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nauruan nationality is typically obtained either on the principle of <a href="/wiki/Jus_soli" title="Jus soli">jus soli</a>, i.e. by birth in the Nauru or under the rules of <a href="/wiki/Jus_sanguinis" title="Jus sanguinis">jus sanguinis</a>, i.e. by birth to parents with Nauruan nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> is only available to those with some connection to the country, such as the spouse of a citizen; no amount of time living in Nauru will, by itself, make one eligible for naturalization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nauru_and_Commonwealth_citizenship">Nauru and Commonwealth citizenship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nauru and Commonwealth citizenship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nauruans are also <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a> by default. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquiring_Nauruan_nationality">Acquiring Nauruan nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Acquiring Nauruan nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nationality in Nauru is acquired at birth, or later in life by naturalization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_birth">By birth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Birthright nationality applies to: </p> <ul><li>Persons born anywhere, if either parent is Nauruan; or<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persons born in Nauru who would otherwise be <a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">stateless</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_naturalization">By naturalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By naturalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naturalization in Nauru is acquired only by having a relationship with a Nauruan national. Applications are submitted to the Cabinet member or Minister with the responsibility for the administration of immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants must provide evidence that they are of good character and have familiarity with the language and customs of Nauru. In the case of a spouse, they must have been married for at least seven years and have resided within the territory for seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Honorary nationality and citizenship can be bestowed upon any person at the discretion of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President of Nauru</a> after consultation with and meeting any requirements of the Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20177_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20177-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persons who are eligible for naturalization include: </p> <ul><li>The legal spouse (not a <a href="/wiki/Civil_union" title="Civil union">domestic partner</a>) of a Nauruan national;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A minor child, legally adopted by at least one Nauruan parent, effective with the court's issuance of an adoption order; or<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20176_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20176-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Persons who can prove rights to land ownership through biological descent of a Nauruan national.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommittee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women201711_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommittee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women201711-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loss_of_nationality">Loss of nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Loss of nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nauruan nationals of <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">legal majority</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capacity_(law)" title="Capacity (law)">capacity</a> may renounce their nationality provided they have obtained other nationality. <a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a> may occur if a person obtained nationality through fraud, false representation, or concealment; if they financed or were convicted of terrorism; if they were convicted sexual offences against a child; or if they were naturalised, but continuously for 3 years resided outside Nauruan territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202017–18,_21_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202017–18,_21-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20178–9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20178–9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dual_nationality">Dual nationality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dual nationality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Dual nationality</a> has been permitted for women who gained foreign nationality through marriage since independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001142_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001142-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005, all Nauruans have been eligible for multiple nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempted_ban_on_dual_citizenship_for_MPs,_2008"><span id="Attempted_ban_on_dual_citizenship_for_MPs.2C_2008"></span>Attempted ban on dual citizenship for MPs, 2008</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attempted ban on dual citizenship for MPs, 2008"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 22 March 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a>, called a Parliamentary session, allegedly without informing government ministers, who therefore did not attend. Opposition MPs, Adeang included, constituted a majority of legislators present, and passed a ruling outlawing dual citizenship for Members of Parliament. </p><p>The ruling, if applied, would have affected senior Cabinet ministers Dr. <a href="/wiki/Kieren_Keke" title="Kieren Keke">Kieren Keke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pitcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Pitcher">Frederick Pitcher</a>. Were they compelled to resign from Parliament, the Opposition would have controlled a majority of seats in Parliament. </p><p>The government rejected the legitimacy of the ruling, stating that it was <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">unconstitutional</a> because of the lack of parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZI_38778_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZI_38778-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Stephen" title="Marcus Stephen">Marcus Stephen</a> accused Adeang and the Opposition of passing the ruling "after dark on Easter Saturday", "under candlelight".<sup id="cite_ref-RNZI_38761_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZI_38761-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April, the Chief Justice of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Nauru" title="Supreme Court of Nauru">Supreme Court of Nauru</a> ruled that the amendment to the citizenship law was unconstitutional, thus confirming that persons with dual nationality remain entitled to sit in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_(prehistory-1888)"><span id="Pre-colonial_.28prehistory-1888.29"></span>Pre-colonial (prehistory-1888)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial (prehistory-1888)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people who populated the island that would later become Nauru, were of <a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia#Demographics" title="Micronesia">Micronesian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a> ancestry and remained isolated for several thousand years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200013,_21_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200013,_21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first inhabitants were likely shipwrecked on the island and stranded there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200019_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200019-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Society was organized into eleven <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> <a href="/wiki/Clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Clans">clans</a> and one clan designated for foreigners. Clans were divided by social class: elites, known as <i>temonibe</i>; middle class land owners, known as <i>ameneñame</i>; and serfs, known as <i>itsio</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200021_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200021-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though clan membership was established through maternity, fathers were typically the custodial parent of children. Property generally was inherited from the parents by their daughters, except boats and fishing supplies or weapons were passed from a father to a son.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200023_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200023-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wealth was measured in terms of tree rights, which could be inherited separately from other land rights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200024_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1798, Europeans first reported sighting the island. <a href="/wiki/John_Fearn_(whaler)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fearn (whaler)">John Fearn</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a>, located the island at 0°20' South latitude, 167°10' East longitude and named it Pleasant Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharp1962181_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharp1962181-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200029–30_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200029–30-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two decades later, in 1830, two convicts who escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colony</a> on <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>, Australia, Patrick Burke and John James, were among the first Europeans who settled on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200030–31_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200030–31-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Venetian, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Michelena_y_Rojas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Michelena y Rojas (page does not exist)">Francisco Michelena y Rojas</a> visited the island in the 1830s and by the 1840s there were several Europeans who were escaped convicts or <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">naval deserters</a> living on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200031_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200031-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193629–31_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193629–31-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Europeans continued to arrive on Pleasant Island and most operated as beachcombers or traders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200033_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200033-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the early part of the 19th century, there were conflicts among European powers, who were establishing <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">spheres of influence</a> in the Pacific in the race to secure resources to boost economic industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200164_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200164-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1886, Germany and Britain signed the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Declarations_about_the_Western_Pacific_Ocean" title="Anglo-German Declarations about the Western Pacific Ocean">Anglo-German Declarations about the Western Pacific Ocean</a> to establish terms of their interaction and delineate the territories with which each was aligned.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200166–67_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200166–67-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_colonial_period_(1888–1920)"><span id="German_colonial_period_.281888.E2.80.931920.29"></span>German colonial period (1888–1920)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: German colonial period (1888–1920)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German trading firm of Jaluit-Gesellschaft was involved in the copra trade on the island and in 1888 made Pleasant Island a protectorate by annexing it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They called the island <i>Navoda</i>, <i>Nawodo</i>, or <i>Onawero</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer1910326_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer1910326-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the Colonial Act of 1888, German colonies were not part of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Germany" title="Unification of Germany">federal union</a>, but they were also not considered foreign. Thus, laws that were extended to the colonies sometimes treated residents as nationals and other times as foreigners. Native subjects in the colonies were not considered to be German, but were allowed to naturalize.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoeb190047_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoeb190047-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturalization required ten years residence in the territory and proof of self-employment. It was automatically bestowed upon all members of a family, meaning children and wives derived the nationality of the husband.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Nationality Law of 1913</a> changed the basis for acquiring German nationality from <a href="/wiki/Domicile_(law)" title="Domicile (law)">domicile</a> to <a href="/wiki/Patrilineality" title="Patrilineality">patrilineality</a>, but did not alter derivative nationality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1899, a rock which had been found on the island was tested and found to contain high levels of <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200039–40_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200039–40-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193652–53_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193652–53-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ellis_(prospector)" title="Albert Ellis (prospector)">Albert Ellis</a>, an officer in the <a href="/wiki/John_T._Arundel#Pacific_Islands_Company_Ltd" title="John T. Arundel">Pacific Islands Company</a> stationed in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> journeyed to <a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Ocean Island</a> and Nauru to confirm the deposits of the mineral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193655_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193655-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1900 and 1906 numerous trips were made to the island to prepare for setting up mining operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1936124–125_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1936124–125-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, an agreement was drawn up between the British and German governments, and the Jaluit-Gesellschaft and Pacific Islands Company (newly renamed to Pacific Phosphate Company) sanctioning mining operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200041_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200041-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Germany was defeated in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, losing its Pacific colonies, a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> was established for Nauru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200043_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200043-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_trusteeship_(1920–1968)"><span id="Under_trusteeship_.281920.E2.80.931968.29"></span>Under trusteeship (1920–1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Under trusteeship (1920–1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1920, the trusteeship of the island was assigned to Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and governed by Australia under the Nauru Island Agreement Act. The trustees acquired the assets and rights of the Pacific Phosphate Company, and administered the commercial operations through the <a href="/wiki/British_Phosphate_Commission" title="British Phosphate Commission">British Phosphate Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200044_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200044-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Island Agreement provided that the Australian government was authorised to issue ordinances to insure safety, order and good governance, as long as they did not interfere with the mining operations of the British Phosphate Commission. Within the first year of the trusteeship laws were promulgated to provide for the transition from German protectorate to British mandated rule. These basically replaced German statutes with the laws of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, but retained private property statutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020164_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020164-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arrangement technically violated the terms of the British mandate, as the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> had explicitly awarded the Mandate for Nauru to Britain. The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> had oversight for the mandates and questioned Australia's role in controlling the administration, why the three nations were sharing the trusteeship, and how the monopolization of phosphate mining to fund the administration of the trusteeship did not violate the principles of self-determination and free trade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166–167_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166–167-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197047–48_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197047–48-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These questions remained unresolved throughout the mandate period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020167_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020167-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under British law, mandated territories were outside the Crown's dominions, meaning British nationality laws did not apply to natives, but only to <a href="/wiki/British_subjects" class="mw-redirect" title="British subjects">British subjects</a> born to British fathers who may have been domiciled in a mandated place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921 the Nauru Lands Ordinance was passed prohibiting Nauruans from contracting, leasing, or selling their land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020165_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020165-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the Native Status Ordinance of 1921, defined natives as aboriginals of any East Indian, Malaysian, or Pacific Island and established regulations for criminal and civil offences, marriage, property, and affairs affecting natives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure that natives remained within their communities, the district chief had to consent to any marriages in his area. Children born to natives derived the native status of their parents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Report_for_Pre-Mandate_Period''19229_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Report_for_Pre-Mandate_Period''19229-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The administrators' paternalistic vision saw natives as <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">wards</a> whose identity was defined within their families and clans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197059_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197059-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hereditary chiefs, who were confirmed by election, had limited power to self-govern and to administer their districts and the Nauruan communities within them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197054_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197054-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Nauruans did not work in the phosphate mines, <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured workers</a>, mainly Chinese, were brought in to work the mines for the British Phosphate Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197051,_56–57_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197051,_56–57-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian administrators prohibited Chinese workers from gaining permanent residency on the island, though their indentures could be extended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197058_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197058-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnic divisions on the island were imposed through the restrictive laws, which kept community members within their own groups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197055,_58_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197055,_58-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the Movements of Natives Ordinance, any person who was not European was restricted from entering European settlements after sunset until 5 a.m., unless they had assimilated to European custom and had a certificate of exemption.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197054_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197054-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the mid-1930s, geopolitical tension began escalating, but mining in Nauru continued until December 1940, when German troops raided and attempted to take the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020185,_187_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020185,_187-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, Japanese forces took the island and evacuated most of the Nauruan population to <a href="/wiki/Chuuk_Lagoon" title="Chuuk Lagoon">Chuuk atoll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020188_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020188-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The US Army captured the Pacific Islands that had been part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Seas_Mandate" title="South Seas Mandate">South Seas Mandate</a> by 1944, but left Nauru in Japanese hands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020189_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020189-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly one month after the Japanese surrender of the Pacific to the United States, on 13 September 1945, an Australian convoy secured the surrender of Japanese troops remaining on Nauru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020190–191_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020190–191-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197082_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197082-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Australians deported the Japanese remaining on the island, repatriated other Pacific Islanders who had been removed to Nauru, and in 1946 returned the Nauruans who had been evacuated to Chuuk to their home island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197082–85_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197082–85-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> replaced the League of Nations and reevaluated the trusteeship program. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020192–193_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020192–193-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandates were replaced by Trust Territories to be overseen by a Trusteeship Council.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020194_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020194-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947, Australia submitted a draft of the Nauru Trusteeship Agreement, reiterating the previous arrangement of the tripartite administration in conjunction with the British Phosphate Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020199_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020199-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a vote of forty-six in favor to six in opposition the terms were approved by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020201_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020201-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the British <a href="/wiki/Nationality_and_Citizenship_Act_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948">Nationality and Citizenship Act 1948</a>, Nauruans were neither British subjects nor <a href="/wiki/British_protected_person" title="British protected person">British Protected Persons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead they were considered Australian Protected Persons and able to acquire an <a href="/wiki/Australian_passport" title="Australian passport">Australian passport</a> or naturalisation and travel privileges equal to those of other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, the administration passed the Nauruan Community Ordinance, which defined members of the Nauruan community as the people who were indigenous to Nauru, Pacific Islanders married to Nauruans, or persons that local chiefs had admitted to the community by traditional custom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ordinance provided that nationality was conferred on children born within the territory to persons accepted into the Nauruan community; spouses of Nauruans, unless they chose to retain other nationality; and children of mixed marriages between Nauruans and Pacific Islanders, unless they chose to retain other nationality or a court determined that Nauruan status was necessary to protect the interests of the child. Loss of nationality typically resulted from acquiring other nationality except through marriage, giving up residence on the island for naturalised persons, treason or disloyalty to the state, or falsely having obtained naturalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Nauruan_Community_Ordinance''1962_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Nauruan_Community_Ordinance''1962-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discontent from islanders with the trustee administration in the 1950s and increased pressure from the Trusteeship Council to advance <a href="/wiki/Agency_(sociology)" title="Agency (sociology)">political agency</a> and self-governance or independence grew as the 1960s approached.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020213_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020213-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197094–95,_115–116_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197094–95,_115–116-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nauruans and the Trusteeship Council recognised that the rights of the native inhabitants were subordinate to phosphate mining when it was proposed in 1960 that Nauruans be relocated to another island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020226_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020226-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970141–142_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970141–142-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nauruans rejected the idea as they believed they would be unable to retain their national identity if they were absorbed into an existing population elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970142_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970142-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, Nauruans proposed adopting their own constitution, legislature, judiciary and administrative departments to allow a sovereign Nauruan nation to be governed by its own people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As 1967 approached, negotiations intensified in recognition that the 1947 trusteeship would expire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1965, negotiations began to resolve the matters of Nauruan independence and rehabilitation of the environment because of mining.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020228_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020228-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nauru Act 1965 established the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Nauru Legislative Council</a> and the Executive Council, which were installed on 31 January 1966 and appointed committees to plan for independence on 31 January 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020231–232_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020231–232-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970156_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970156-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_(1968–present)"><span id="Post-independence_.281968.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Post-independence (1968–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-independence (1968–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the terms of the <i><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Independence_Act_1967" title="Nauru Independence Act 1967">Nauru Independence Act 1967</a></i>, administration by Australia ceased, the Nauru Act 1965 was repealed, as were all acts that had previously been extended to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111131-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Independence Act was approved by the Trusteeship Council and a constitutional convention drafted new governing documents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020238_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020238-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution of 1968 incorporated the definitions in the Nauruan Community Ordinance of 1956, bestowing upon community members, nationality at independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution1968Part_VIII_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution1968Part_VIII-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Community Ordinance was amended numerous times and in 1997 established a scheme for persons to obtain <a href="/wiki/Immigrant_investor_programs" title="Immigrant investor programs">nationality through investment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParliament_of_Nauru19972_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParliament_of_Nauru19972-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program ran from 1998 until it was suspended in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026–27_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026–27-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETajick2019_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETajick2019-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the Community Ordinance was repealed and replaced by the <i>Naoero Citizenship Act 2005</i>. Terms of the act allowed for dual nationality and granted either spouse the right to obtain nationality through marriage, though the constitutional provision for only women to derive nationality from a spouse remained as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023,_28_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023,_28-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20052_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20052-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the Citizenship Act was repealed and replaced with the current legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A commission was convened in 1946 to review nationality of the inhabitants in former German colonies. It concluded that inhabitants of "C"-type mandates did not acquire British nationality and if they had been German nationals under the terms of the 1913 Nationality law, they became stateless when Germany abandoned its territories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954460_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954460-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/D._P._O%27Connell" title="D. P. O'Connell">D. P. O'Connell</a>, they were deemed to be "lacking nationality but enjoying an administrative status analogous to that of inhabitants of British protectorates".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20206,_10-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20206,_10_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, pp. 6, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacSporran199320-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacSporran199320_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacSporran1993">MacSporran 1993</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20114-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20114_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosas199434-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosas199434_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosas1994">Rosas 1994</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20207_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202012_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202010_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic20208_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202013_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20177-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20177_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2017"><i>Naoero Citizenship Act</i> 2017</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20176-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20176_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2017"><i>Naoero Citizenship Act</i> 2017</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommittee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women201711-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommittee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women201711_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommittee_on_the_Elimination_of_Discrimination_against_Women2017">Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women 2017</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202017–18,_21-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202017–18,_21_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, pp. 17–18, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20178–9-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20178–9_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2017"><i>Naoero Citizenship Act</i> 2017</a>, pp. 8–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001142-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001142_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001">US Office of Personnel Management 2001</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZI_38778-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZI_38778_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=38778">"Nauru government rejects citizenship ruling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio New Zealand International">Radio New Zealand International</a></i>. 26 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.atitle=Nauru+government+rejects+citizenship+ruling&rft.date=2008-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D38778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZI_38761-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RNZI_38761_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=38761">"Nauru President frustrated over parliament developments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio New Zealand International">Radio New Zealand International</a></i>. 25 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.atitle=Nauru+President+frustrated+over+parliament+developments&rft.date=2008-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D38761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/ra/news/stories/200804/s2210463.htm?tab=latest">"Nauru judge blocks citizenship law change"</a>, ABC Radio Australia, 8 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200013,_21-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200013,_21_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, pp. 13, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200019-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200019_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200021-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200021_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200023-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200023_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200024-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200024_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharp1962181-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharp1962181_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSharp1962">Sharp 1962</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200029–30-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200029–30_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200030–31-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200030–31_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, pp. 30–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200031-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200031_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193629–31-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193629–31_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis1936">Ellis 1936</a>, pp. 29–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200033-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200033_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200034_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200164-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200164_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacdonald2001">Macdonald 2001</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200166–67-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacdonald200166–67_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacdonald2001">Macdonald 2001</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer1910326-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer1910326_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyer1910">Meyer 1910</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoeb190047-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoeb190047_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoeb1900">Loeb 1900</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997734_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahrmeir1997">Fahrmeir 1997</a>, p. 734.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFahrmeir1997751_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFahrmeir1997">Fahrmeir 1997</a>, p. 751.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommission_on_the_Status_of_Women195442_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommission_on_the_Status_of_Women1954">Commission on the Status of Women 1954</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200039–40-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200039–40_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, pp. 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193652–53-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193652–53_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis1936">Ellis 1936</a>, pp. 52–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis193655-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis193655_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis1936">Ellis 1936</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEllis1936124–125-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEllis1936124–125_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEllis1936">Ellis 1936</a>, pp. 124–125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200041-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200041_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200043-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200043_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200044-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcDanielGowdy200044_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcDanielGowdy2000">McDaniel & Gowdy 2000</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFransman20111130_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFransman2011">Fransman 2011</a>, p. 1130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020164-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020164_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166–167-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166–167_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, pp. 166–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197047–48-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197047–48_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020167-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connell1954461_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Connell1954">O'Connell 1954</a>, p. 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020165-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020165_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020166_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Report_for_Pre-Mandate_Period''19229-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Report_for_Pre-Mandate_Period''19229_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReport_for_Pre-Mandate_Period1922"><i>Report for Pre-Mandate Period</i> 1922</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197059-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197059_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197054-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197054_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197054_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197051,_56–57-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197051,_56–57_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 51, 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197058-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197058_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197055,_58-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197055,_58_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 55, 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020185,_187-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020185,_187_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, pp. 185, 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020188-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020188_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020189-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020189_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020190–191-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020190–191_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, pp. 190–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197082-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197082_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197082–85-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197082–85_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 82–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020192–193-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020192–193_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, pp. 192–193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020194-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020194_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020199-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020199_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020201-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020201_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAustralian_Parliament19704_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAustralian_Parliament1970">Australian Parliament 1970</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Nauruan_Community_Ordinance''1962-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Nauruan_Community_Ordinance''1962_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNauruan_Community_Ordinance1962"><i>Nauruan Community Ordinance</i> 1962</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020213-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020213_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani197094–95,_115–116-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani197094–95,_115–116_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 94–95, 115–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020226-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020226_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970141–142-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970141–142_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970142-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970142_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970138_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020228-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020228_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020231–232-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020231–232_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, pp. 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEViviani1970156-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEViviani1970156_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFViviani1970">Viviani 1970</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStorr2020238-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStorr2020238_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStorr2020">Storr 2020</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConstitution1968Part_VIII-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConstitution1968Part_VIII_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConstitution1968">Constitution 1968</a>, p. Part VIII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEParliament_of_Nauru19972-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParliament_of_Nauru19972_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFParliament_of_Nauru1997">Parliament of Nauru 1997</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026–27-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202026–27_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETajick2019-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETajick2019_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTajick2019">Tajick 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023,_28-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDziedzic202023,_28_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDziedzic2020">Dziedzic 2020</a>, pp. 23, 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20052-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Naoero_Citizenship_Act''20052_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2005"><i>Naoero Citizenship Act</i> 2005</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommission_on_the_Status_of_Women1954" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" title="United Nations Commission on the Status of Women">Commission on the Status of Women</a> (November 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1479261/files/E_CN-6_254-EN.pdf">Nationality of Married Women</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). 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Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-29-0284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-29-0284-2"><bdi>978-951-29-0284-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationality+and+Citizenship+in+a+Changing+European+and+World+Order&rft.btitle=Law+Under+Exogenous+Influences&rft.place=Turku%2C+Finland&rft.pages=30-60&rft.pub=Turku+Law+School&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-951-29-0284-2&rft.aulast=Rosas&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXgpAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Citizenship%2Bis%2Ba%2Bconglomerate%2Bof%2Bspecial%2Bpolitical%2Band%2Bother%2Brights%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp1962" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Andrew (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryofpacif0000shar/page/181/mode/1up"><i>The Discovery of the Pacific Islands</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1057949923">1057949923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Pacific+Islands&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1057949923&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryofpacif0000shar%2Fpage%2F181%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorr2020" class="citation book cs1">Storr, Cait (2020). <i>International Status in the Shadow of Empire: Nauru and the Histories of International Law</i>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108682602">10.1017/9781108682602</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-68260-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-68260-2"><bdi>978-1-108-68260-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225252547">225252547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Status+in+the+Shadow+of+Empire%3A+Nauru+and+the+Histories+of+International+Law&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225252547%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108682602&rft.isbn=978-1-108-68260-2&rft.aulast=Storr&rft.aufirst=Cait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge Core</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTajick2019" class="citation web cs1">Tajick, Stephane (16 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imidaily.com/asia-pacific/remembering-the-dead-part-2-citizenship-by-investment-programs-of-yesteryear/">"Remembering the Dead Part 2 – Citizenship by Investment Programs of Yesteryear"</a>. <i>Investment Migration Insider</i>. Karmsund, Norway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210406024216/https://www.imidaily.com/asia-pacific/remembering-the-dead-part-2-citizenship-by-investment-programs-of-yesteryear/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Investment+Migration+Insider&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Dead+Part+2+%E2%80%93+Citizenship+by+Investment+Programs+of+Yesteryear&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.aulast=Tajick&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imidaily.com%2Fasia-pacific%2Fremembering-the-dead-part-2-citizenship-by-investment-programs-of-yesteryear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUS_Office_of_Personnel_Management2001" class="citation book cs1">US Office of Personnel Management (2001). "Nauru". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125517/https://multiplecitizenship.com/documents/IS-01.pdf"><i>Citizenship Laws of the World</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, D.C.: American Immigration Lawyers Association. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57370-110-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57370-110-5"><bdi>978-1-57370-110-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://multiplecitizenship.com/documents/IS-01.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nauru&rft.btitle=Citizenship+Laws+of+the+World&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=142&rft.pub=American+Immigration+Lawyers+Association&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57370-110-5&rft.au=US+Office+of+Personnel+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmultiplecitizenship.com%2Fdocuments%2FIS-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViviani1970" class="citation book cs1">Viviani, Nancy (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129233650/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114914/2/b11197110.pdf"><i>Nauru: Phosphate and Political Progress</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National University Press">Australian National University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7081-0765-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7081-0765-6"><bdi>0-7081-0765-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/114914/2/b11197110.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+Phosphate+and+Political+Progress&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australian+Capital+Territory&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-7081-0765-6&rft.aulast=Viviani&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenresearch-repository.anu.edu.au%2Fbitstream%2F1885%2F114914%2F2%2Fb11197110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution1968" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/con256/">"Constitution of Nauru"</a>. <i>Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute</i>. Yaren, Nauru: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a>. 17 May 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430090302/http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/con256/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Islands+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+Nauru&rft.date=1968-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paclii.org%2Fnr%2Flegis%2Fnum_act%2Fcon256%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/942cf40f16f0f586650b92265ac21d97.pdf">"Naoero Citizenship Act 2005"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Republic of Nauru</i>. Yaren, Nauru: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a>. 30 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191125180223/http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/942cf40f16f0f586650b92265ac21d97.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Republic+of+Nauru&rft.atitle=Naoero+Citizenship+Act+2005&rft.date=2005-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fronlaw.gov.nr%2Fnauru_lpms%2Ffiles%2Facts%2F942cf40f16f0f586650b92265ac21d97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaoero_Citizenship_Act2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/fef16a46bee3165b4c4ffffca39fd868.pdf">"Naoero Citizenship Act 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Republic of Nauru</i>. Yaren, Nauru: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a>. 21 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191124090339/http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/fef16a46bee3165b4c4ffffca39fd868.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Republic+of+Nauru&rft.atitle=Naoero+Citizenship+Act+2017&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fronlaw.gov.nr%2Fnauru_lpms%2Ffiles%2Facts%2Ffef16a46bee3165b4c4ffffca39fd868.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReport_for_Pre-Mandate_Period1922" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/parliamentary/P29pZD1BSkhSMTkyMi1JLjIuMS4yLjcmZ2V0cGRmPXRydWU">Nauru: Report for Pre-Mandate Period, Ending 17th December, 1920</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Papers_Past" class="mw-redirect" title="Papers Past">Papers Past</a></i> (Report). Thorndon, Wellington: <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_New_Zealand" title="National Library of New Zealand">National Library of New Zealand</a>. 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Nauru%3A+Report+for+Pre-Mandate+Period%2C+Ending+17th+December%2C+1920&rft.place=Thorndon%2C+Wellington&rft.pub=National+Library+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fimageserver%2Fparliamentary%2FP29pZD1BSkhSMTkyMi1JLjIuMS4yLjcmZ2V0cGRmPXRydWU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParliament_of_Nauru1997" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.globalcit.eu/NationalDB/docs/Nauruan%20Community%20Ordinance%20Amendment%20Act%201997.pdf">"Nauruan Community Ordinance Amendment Act 1997"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Global Citizen Observatory</i>. Yaren, Nauru: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament of Nauru</a>. 13 June 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210531170511/https://data.globalcit.eu/NationalDB/docs/Nauruan%20Community%20Ordinance%20Amendment%20Act%201997.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Citizen+Observatory&rft.atitle=Nauruan+Community+Ordinance+Amendment+Act+1997&rft.date=1997-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.globalcit.eu%2FNationalDB%2Fdocs%2FNauruan%2520Community%2520Ordinance%2520Amendment%2520Act%25201997.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNauruan_Community_Ordinance1962" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4f20.html">"Nauruan Community Ordinance 1956–1962"</a>. <i>RefWorld</i>. Geneva, Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>. 31 December 1962. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180130201559/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b4f20.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RefWorld&rft.atitle=Nauruan+Community+Ordinance+1956%E2%80%931962&rft.date=1962-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F3ae6b4f20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANauruan+nationality+law" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauruan_nationality_law&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/consol_hist_act/nco19561962281.pdf">Nauruan Community Ordinance 1956–1962</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationality_laws" title="Template talk:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality_laws" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationality laws"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationality_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationality_law" title="Algerian nationality law">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_nationality_law" title="Angolan nationality law">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_nationality_law" title="Beninese nationality law">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkinabe_nationality_law" title="Burkinabe nationality law">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_nationality_law" title="Burundian nationality law">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_nationality_law" title="Cape Verdean nationality law">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_nationality_law" title="Central African nationality law">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_nationality_law" title="Chadian nationality law">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_nationality_law" title="Comorian nationality law">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese nationality law">Congo Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_nationality_law" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo nationality law">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_nationality_law" title="Djiboutian nationality law">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationality_law" title="Egyptian nationality law">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_nationality_law" title="Equatoguinean nationality law">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nationality_law" title="Eritrean nationality law">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_nationality_law" title="Ethiopian nationality law">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_nationality_law" title="Guinean nationality law">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_nationality_law" title="Bissau-Guinean nationality law">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_nationality_law" title="Ivorian nationality law">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_nationality_law" title="Liberian nationality law">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationality_law" title="Libyan nationality law">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_nationality_law" title="Malagasy nationality law">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_nationality_law" title="Malian nationality law">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_nationality_law" title="Mauritanian nationality law">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_nationality_law" title="Moroccan nationality law">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_nationality_law" title="Nigerien nationality law">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_nationality_law" title="São Toméan nationality law">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_nationality_law" title="Senegalese nationality law">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Somaliland citizenship and nationality">Somaliland</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_nationality_law" title="South Sudanese nationality law">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_nationality_law" title="Sudanese nationality law">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationality_law" title="Tunisian nationality law">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_citizenship_and_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahrawi citizenship and nationality">Western Sahara</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_nationality_law" title="Costa Rican nationality law">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_nationality_law" title="Cuban nationality law">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_nationality_law" title="Dominican Republic nationality law">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_nationality_law" title="Salvadoran nationality law">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Greenland <small>(Kingdom of Denmark)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_nationality_law" title="Guatemalan nationality law">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haitian_nationality_and_citizenship" title="History of Haitian nationality and citizenship">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_nationality_law" title="Honduran nationality law">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_nationality_law" title="Mexican nationality law">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_nationality_law" title="Nicaraguan nationality law">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_nationality_law" title="Panamanian nationality law">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Puerto Rican citizenship and nationality">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islander_citizenship_and_nationality" title="United States Virgin Islander citizenship and nationality">US Virgin Islands</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationality_law" title="Argentine nationality law">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_nationality_law" title="Bolivian nationality law">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_nationality_law" title="Brazilian nationality law">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationality_law" title="Chilean nationality law">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_nationality_law" title="Colombian nationality law">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_nationality_law" title="Ecuadorian nationality law">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_nationality_law" title="Paraguayan nationality law">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_nationality_law" title="Peruvian nationality law">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_nationality_law" title="Surinamese nationality law">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_nationality_law" title="Uruguayan nationality law">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_nationality_law" title="Venezuelan nationality law">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_nationality_law" title="Afghan nationality law">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_nationality_law" title="Bahraini nationality law">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_nationality_law" title="Bhutanese nationality law">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_nationality_law" title="Cambodian nationality law">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law" title="Chinese nationality law">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timorese_nationality_law" title="East Timorese nationality law">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_nationality_law" title="Indonesian nationality law">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationality_law" title="Iranian nationality law">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationality_law" title="Iraqi nationality law">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_citizenship_law" title="Israeli citizenship law">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationality_law" title="Japanese nationality law">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationality_law" title="Jordanian nationality law">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstani_nationality_law" title="Kazakhstani nationality law">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyrgyzstani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyrgyzstani nationality law (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_nationality_law" title="Kuwaiti nationality law">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laotian_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laotian nationality law (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law" title="Lebanese nationality law">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nationality_law" title="Mongolian nationality law">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_nationality_law" title="Myanmar nationality law">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_nationality_law" title="Nepali nationality law">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_nationality_law" title="North Korean nationality law">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_nationality_law" title="Omani nationality law">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinian_nationality" title="History of Palestinian nationality">Palestine</a><sup><small></small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_nationality_law" title="Philippine nationality law">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_nationality_law" title="Qatari nationality law">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian_nationality_law" title="Saudi Arabian nationality law">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_nationality_law" title="South Korean nationality law">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajikistani_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajikistani nationality law (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationality_law" title="Taiwanese nationality law">Taiwan</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationality_law" title="Thai nationality law">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen nationality law">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_nationality_law" title="Emirati nationality law">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzbek_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uzbek nationality law (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_passport" title="Vietnamese passport">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemeni_nationality_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemeni nationality law (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship of the European Union">European Union</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationality_law" title="Austrian nationality law">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_nationality_law" title="Belgian nationality law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_nationality_law" title="Bulgarian nationality law">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationality_law" title="Croatian nationality law">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationality_law" title="Czech nationality law">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_nationality_law" title="Danish nationality law">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationality_law" title="Estonian nationality law">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationality_law" title="Finnish nationality law">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationality_law" title="French nationality law">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationality_law" title="German nationality law">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationality_law" title="Greek nationality law">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationality_law" title="Hungarian nationality law">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationality_law" title="Icelandic nationality law">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationality_law" title="Italian nationality law">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_nationality_law" title="Latvian nationality law">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_nationality_law" title="Liechtensteiner nationality law">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_nationality_law" title="Lithuanian nationality law">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_nationality_law" title="Luxembourg nationality law">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationality_law" title="Dutch nationality law">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationality_law" title="Norwegian nationality law">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationality_law" title="Polish nationality law">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_nationality_law" title="Portuguese nationality law">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationality_law" title="Romanian nationality law">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationality_law" title="Slovak nationality law">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationality_law" title="Slovenian nationality law">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_nationality_law" title="Swedish nationality law">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_nationality_law" title="Swiss nationality law">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Rest of Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationality_law" title="Albanian nationality law">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationality_law" title="Armenian nationality law">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorran_nationality_law" title="Andorran nationality law">Andorra</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationality_law" title="Azerbaijani nationality law">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian citizenship">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_nationality_law" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina nationality law">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationality_law" title="Georgian nationality law">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan nationality law">Kosovo</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_nationality_law" title="Moldovan nationality law">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_nationality_law" title="Monégasque nationality law">Monaco</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationality_law" title="Montenegrin nationality law">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_North_Macedonia" title="Nationality law of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_citizenship" title="Northern Cyprus citizenship">Northern Cyprus</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_citizenship_law" title="Russian citizenship law">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_nationality_law" title="San Marino nationality law">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationality_law" title="Serbian nationality law">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationality_law" title="Turkish nationality law">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationality_law" title="Ukrainian nationality law">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_nationality_law" title="Micronesian nationality law">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_nationality_law" title="Marshallese nationality law">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_nationality_law" title="Palauan nationality law">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Samoan_citizenship_and_nationality" title="American Samoan citizenship and nationality">American Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Northern Mariana citizenship and nationality">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guamanian_citizenship_and_nationality" title="Guamanian citizenship and nationality">Guam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em; text-align:center;">International<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_citizenship" title="European Union citizenship">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_of_the_Mercosur" title="Citizenship of the Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARICOM_Single_Market_and_Economy" title="CARICOM Single Market and Economy">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union#Migration" title="African Union">African Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_citizenship" title="Loss of citizenship">Loss of citizenship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">Denaturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">Renunciation of citizenship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">Naturalization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birth_aboard_aircraft_and_ships" title="Birth aboard aircraft and ships">Birth aboard aircraft and ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_sanguinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius sanguinis">Ius sanguinis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ius_soli" class="mw-redirect" title="Ius soli">Ius soli</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation" title="Repatriation">Repatriation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By result</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_citizenship" title="Multiple citizenship">Multiple citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport" title="Passport">Passport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_passport" title="Internal passport">Internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">Permanent residency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">Right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">Second-class citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statelessness" title="Statelessness">Statelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_visa" title="Travel visa">Travel visa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_citizenship" title="Roman citizenship">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_nationality_law" title="Soviet nationality law">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:88%;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Open border with <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>.</li> <li><sup>3</sup> Partially recognized.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationality_law" title="Category:Nationality law"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_citizenship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Template talk:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth_citizenship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commonwealth citizenship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_citizenship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizenship</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_diaspora" title="Commonwealth diaspora">Commonwealth diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law" title="Nationality law">Nationality laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudian_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguan and Barbudian nationality law">Antigua & Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_nationality_law" title="Bahamian nationality law">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationality_law" title="Bangladeshi nationality law">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_nationality_law" title="Barbadian nationality law">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_nationality_law" title="Belizean nationality law">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswanan_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Botswanan nationality law">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruneian_nationality_law" title="Bruneian nationality law">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_nationality_law" title="Cameroonian nationality law">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationality_law" title="Canadian nationality law">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_nationality_law" title="Cypriot nationality law">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_nationality_law" title="Dominican nationality law">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emaswati_nationality_law" title="Emaswati nationality law">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_nationality_law" title="Fijian nationality law">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_nationality_law" title="Gabonese nationality law">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_nationality_law" title="Gambian nationality law">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_nationality_law" title="Ghanaian nationality law">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_nationality_law" title="Grenadian nationality law">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_nationality_law" title="Guyanese nationality law">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_nationality_law" title="Jamaican nationality law">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_nationality_law" title="Kenyan nationality law">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Kiribati_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Kiribati nationality law">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basotho_nationality_law" title="Basotho nationality law">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_nationality_law" title="Malawian nationality law">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_nationality_law" title="Malaysian nationality law">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_nationality_law" title="Maldivian nationality law">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_nationality_law" title="Maltese nationality law">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_nationality_law" title="Mauritian nationality law">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_nationality_law" title="Mozambican nationality law">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_nationality_law" title="Namibian nationality law">Namibia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_nationality_law" title="New Zealand nationality law">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationality_law" title="Nigerian nationality law">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationality_law" title="Pakistani nationality law">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_nationality_law" title="Papua New Guinean nationality law">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_nationality_law" title="Rwandan nationality law">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittitian_and_Nevisian_nationality_law" title="Kittitian and Nevisian nationality law">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_nationality_law" title="Saint Lucian nationality law">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_nationality_law" title="Vincentian nationality law">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_nationality_law" title="Samoan nationality law">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_nationality_law" title="Seychellois nationality law">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_nationality_law" title="Sierra Leonean nationality law">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_nationality_law" title="Singaporean nationality law">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_nationality_law" title="Solomon Islands nationality law">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_nationality_law" title="South African nationality law">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_nationality_law" title="Sri Lankan nationality law">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_nationality_law" title="Tanzanian nationality law">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_nationality_law" title="Togolese nationality law">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_nationality_law" title="Tongan nationality law">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_nationality_law" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian nationality law">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_nationality_law" title="Tuvaluan nationality law">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationality_law" title="Ugandan nationality law">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni-Vanuatu_nationality_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Ni-Vanuatu nationality law">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_nationality_law" title="Zambian nationality law">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_nationality_law" title="Zimbabwean nationality law">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Rights, issues, and visas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belonger_status" title="Belonger status">Belonger status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_Hong_Kong" title="British nationality law and Hong Kong">British nationality law and Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law_and_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland">British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_citizen" title="British Overseas Territories citizen">British Overseas Territories citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_citizen" title="Commonwealth citizen">Commonwealth citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indefinite_leave_to_remain" title="Indefinite leave to remain">Indefinite leave to remain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationality_law" title="Irish nationality law">Irish nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_permanent_resident" title="Australian permanent resident">Permanent resident (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident (Canada)">Permanent resident (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Ancestry_Entry_Clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Ancestry Entry Clearance">UK Ancestry Entry Clearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_of_abode_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of abode (United Kingdom)">UK right of abode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windrush_scandal" title="Windrush scandal">Windrush scandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Acts of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_Act_1981" title="British Nationality Act 1981">British Nationality Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Nationality_(Falkland_Islands)_Act_1983" title="British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983">British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories_Act_2002" title="British Overseas Territories Act 2002">British Overseas Territories Act 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Citizenship_Act_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Citizenship Act 1946">Canadian Citizenship Act 1946</a></li> 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