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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Phocas+%28keizer%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Phocas+%28keizer%29" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Leven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Leven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Achtergrond_van_Phocas'_machtsgreep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Achtergrond_van_Phocas'_machtsgreep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Achtergrond van Phocas' machtsgreep</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Achtergrond_van_Phocas'_machtsgreep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romeins-Perzische_oorlog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romeins-Perzische_oorlog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Romeins-Perzische oorlog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romeins-Perzische_oorlog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opstand_van_Heraclius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opstand_van_Heraclius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Opstand van Heraclius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opstand_van_Heraclius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eindbalans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eindbalans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eindbalans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eindbalans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zuil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zuil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zuil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zuil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Phocas (keizer)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 57 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokas_van_Bisantium" title="Phokas van Bisantium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Phokas van Bisantium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokas" title="Phokas – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Phokas" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focas_I" title="Focas I – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Focas I" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فوقاس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فوقاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فوقاس – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فوقاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فوکاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فوکاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Фока (візантыйскі імператар) – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фока (візантыйскі імператар)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фока – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фока" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foka_(bizantski_car)" title="Foka (bizantski car) – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Foka (bizantski car)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavi_Focas" title="Flavi Focas – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Flavi Focas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokas" title="Phokas – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phokas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokas" title="Phokas – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Phokas" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Φωκάς – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωκάς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focas_(emperador)" title="Focas (emperador) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Focas (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phokas" title="Phokas – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Phokas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فوکاس – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوکاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focas,_emperador" title="Focas, emperador – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Focas, emperador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A1,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פוקאס, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוקאס, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foka,_bizantski_car" title="Foka, bizantski car – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Foka, bizantski car" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B3kasz_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Phókasz bizánci császár – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Phókasz bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD_(%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80)" title="Փոկաս (Բյուզանդիայի կայսր) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոկաս (Բյուզանդիայի կայսր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foca_(imperatore)" title="Foca (imperatore) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Foca (imperatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9" title="フォカス – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォカス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ფოკა (ბიზანტია) – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოკა (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="포카스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포카스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorius_Fokas" title="Imperatorius Fokas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorius Fokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Фока (византиски цар) – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фока (византиски цар)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focas" title="Focas – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Focas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focas_Tiranul" title="Focas Tiranul – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Focas Tiranul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Фока (византийский император) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фока (византийский император)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foka_(car)" title="Foka (car) – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Foka (car)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3kas" title="Fókas – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fókas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Фока (византијски цар) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фока (византијски цар)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokas" title="Fokas – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fokas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="จักรพรรดิโพกัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิโพกัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фока – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фока" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="فوکاس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فوکاس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phocas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Phocas </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Phocas_(emperor).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Phocas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Phocas_%28emperor%29.jpg/266px-Phocas_%28emperor%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Phocas_%28emperor%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="382" data-file-height="322" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboortedatum </th> <td colspan="2">? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterfdatum </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tijdvak </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Justiniaanse_dynastie" title="Justiniaanse dynastie">Justiniaanse dynastie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Periode </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a>–<a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorganger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mauricius" title="Mauricius">Mauricius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Herakleios" title="Herakleios">Herakleios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Persoonlijke gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Naam bij geboorte </th> <td colspan="2">Flavius Phocas </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_Romeinse_keizers" title="Lijst van Romeinse keizers">Romeinse keizers</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:#EAEAEA; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Romeinse_Rijk" title="Portaal:Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Flavius Phocas</b> of <b>Phokas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: Φλάβιος Φωκάς, <i>Flavios Fokas</i>) (? - <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>), was <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_keizers_van_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijst van keizers van Rome">keizer</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Oost-Romeinse_Rijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oost-Romeinse Rijk">Oost-Romeinse Rijk</a> van <a href="/wiki/23_november" title="23 november">23 november</a> <a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a> tot <a href="/wiki/610" title="610">610</a>. </p><p>Van alle Romeinse keizers is Phocas waarschijnlijk degene met de slechtste naam. Alle historische bronnen spreken schande van hem. <a href="/wiki/Georgius_van_Pisidi%C3%AB" title="Georgius van Pisidië">Georgius van Pisidië</a> weigert zelfs zijn naam te noemen, en spreekt over "de landbewonende <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(mythisch_wezen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviathan (mythisch wezen)">Leviathan</a>" of "de <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgongelijkende</a>". <a href="/wiki/Theophylactus_Simocatta" title="Theophylactus Simocatta">Theophylactus Simocatta</a> noemde Phocas een "barbaarse halfbloed", een <a href="/wiki/Cycloop" title="Cycloop">cycloop</a> en een <a href="/wiki/Centaur_(mythologie)" title="Centaur (mythologie)">centaur</a>. Beiden beschouwden Phocas ook als bron van alle problemen waarmee het rijk in hun tijd te kampen had. Latere geschiedschrijvers, zoals de <a href="/wiki/9e_eeuw" title="9e eeuw">9e-eeuwse</a> <a href="/wiki/Theophanes_Confessor" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophanes Confessor">Theophanes Confessor</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicephorus_(patriarch)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicephorus (patriarch) (de pagina bestaat niet)">patriarch Nicephorus</a>, deden niet anders en ook moderne geschiedkundigen zijn bijzonder onvriendelijk met hun kwalificaties van Phocas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leven">Leven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Van Phocas' jonge leven is niets bekend. hij kwam waarschijnlijk uit <a href="/wiki/Thraci%C3%AB" title="Thracië">Thracië</a> en doet voor het eerst van zich spreken in 600, als officier in het Balkanleger van keizer <a href="/wiki/Mauricius" title="Mauricius">Mauricius</a>. Phocas nam deel aan een delegatie naar Constantinopel om te klagen over <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comentiolus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comentiolus (de pagina bestaat niet)">Comentiolus</a>, de aanvoerder van dit leger. De klachten werden afgewezen. De vrouw van Phocas heette <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leontia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leontia (de pagina bestaat niet)">Leontia</a>, zij kreeg later de titel <i>Augusta</i> (keizerin). </p><p>Omdat Phocas, als de eerste succesvolle <a href="/wiki/Usurpator" title="Usurpator">usurpator</a> in het Oost-Romeinse rijk sinds <a href="/wiki/Diocletianus" title="Diocletianus">Diocletianus</a> in <a href="/wiki/284" title="284">284</a> door zijn troepen tot opvolger van <a href="/wiki/Numerianus" title="Numerianus">Numerianus</a> werd verheven, geen enkele legitieme claim op het keizerschap had, verzon hij er een: hij zou door God zijn gezonden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achtergrond_van_Phocas'_machtsgreep"><span id="Achtergrond_van_Phocas.27_machtsgreep"></span>Achtergrond van Phocas' machtsgreep</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Achtergrond van Phocas' machtsgreep" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Achtergrond van Phocas' machtsgreep"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De houding van keizer Mauricius tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Balkanoorlog_(582-602)" title="Balkanoorlog (582-602)">Balkanoorlog (582-602)</a>, het niet betalen van losgeld voor gevangen soldaten, het permanent (ook tijdens de winter) stationeren van troepen langs de <a href="/wiki/Donau" title="Donau">Donau</a> en het verminderen van de soldij, leidde tot een opstand in het leger onder leiding van de jonge officier Phocas. Bovendien brak er hongersnood uit. Phocas reed Constantinopel binnen in <a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a> en werd op 23 november gekroond als keizer in de kerk van Sint <a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Doper" title="Johannes de Doper">Johannes de Doper</a>, terwijl zijn troepen Mauricius en diens familie gevangennamen. Er wordt gezegd dat de onttroonde keizer gedwongen werd om toe te kijken terwijl zijn vijf zonen werden afgeslacht totdat hij zelf werd onthoofd. De lichamen werden in stukken gehakt en in zee gegooid voordat Phocas toch maar een christelijke begrafenis organiseerde voor Mauricius. Keizerin Constantina en haar drie dochters werden gespaard en naar een klooster gestuurd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regering">Regering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Regering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Regering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aan het begin van zijn regering waren de meeste mensen tevreden met Phocas, en bij zijn eerste intocht in Constantinopel werd hij door het hele volk toegejuicht. <a href="/wiki/Paus_Gregorius_I" title="Paus Gregorius I">Paus Gregorius I</a> was vol lof over de nieuwe keizer en noemde hem een instrument van God, die het "juk van rampspoed" (Mauricius) had doen afwerpen van de burgers van het rijk. Het duurde echter niet lang voordat Phocas ook tegen alle problemen van zijn voorgangers aanliep. </p><p>De bureaucratie was in de afgelopen eeuw ineengestort, en de keizerlijke macht werd in de provincies voornamelijk uitgedragen door de kerk. Veel mensen in de provincies hadden een andere religie dan de staatsreligie – er woonden bijvoorbeeld veel onderdrukte <a href="/wiki/Monofysiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofysiet">monofysieten</a> – wat voor grote onrust zorgde. Er was dus een duur leger nodig om de orde te handhaven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romeins-Perzische_oorlog">Romeins-Perzische oorlog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Romeins-Perzische oorlog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Romeins-Perzische oorlog"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toen de <a href="/wiki/Sassaniden" title="Sassaniden">Sassanidische</a> koning <a href="/wiki/Khusro_II" title="Khusro II">Khusro II</a> vernam dat zijn vriend keizer <a href="/wiki/Mauricius" title="Mauricius">Mauricius</a> was vermoord, brak er een nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Romeins-Perzische_oorlogen" title="Romeins-Perzische oorlogen">Romeins-Perzische oorlog</a> uit, de <a href="/wiki/Herakleios#Byzantijns-Sassanidische_oorlog_(602-628)" title="Herakleios">Byzantijns-Sassanidische oorlog (602-628)</a>. Byzantium zou veel gebieden verliezen, waarvoor door geschiedschrijvers steevast Phocas verantwoordelijk werd gehouden. Tot 609 waren de Byzantijnse troepen echter enigszins aan de winnende hand. Dat ze zich daarna terug moesten trekken zou veroorzaakt zijn door de opstand van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heraclius_senior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heraclius senior (de pagina bestaat niet)">Heraclius senior</a> en <a href="/wiki/Herakleios" title="Herakleios">Heraclius junior</a>, de latere keizer, die zich vanuit <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Romeinse_Rijk)" title="Africa (Romeinse Rijk)">Africa</a> naar Egypte had verbreid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opstand_van_Heraclius">Opstand van Heraclius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Opstand van Heraclius" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Opstand van Heraclius"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heraclius senior was de <a href="/wiki/Exarchaat_(Byzantijnse_Rijk)" title="Exarchaat (Byzantijnse Rijk)">exarch</a> (gouverneur-generaal) van Afrika. Met zijn oudste zoon <a href="/wiki/Herakleios" title="Herakleios">Heraclius</a> en een jongere neef, <a href="/wiki/Nicetas" title="Nicetas">Nicetas</a>, kwam hij in opstand tegen Phocas in 608. Vader en zoon noemden zich <a href="/wiki/Consul_(Rome)" title="Consul (Rome)">consul</a>, hoewel die positie toen al was afgeschaft. De <a href="/wiki/Heracliden_(Byzantijnse_Rijk)" title="Heracliden (Byzantijnse Rijk)">Heracliden</a> hadden het leger in Africa op hun hand en trokken naar Egypte. Toen ze daar aankwamen ontstonden overal opstanden tegen Phocas, hoewel deze waarschijnlijk niet door de Heracliden zijn aangezet. </p><p>Phocas stuurde vervolgens zijn generaal <a href="/wiki/Bonosus" title="Bonosus">Bonosus</a> erop af, maar liet zo de Perzische grens vrijwel onbewaakt. De oorlog in Egypte duurde lang en was bijzonder hard. In 609 wisten de Heracliden de overwinning te behalen. De Perzen namen ondertussen grote stukken gebied in het oosten in. </p><p>Na zijn overwinning in Egypte trok Heraclius junior met een grote vloot naar Constantinopel om de stad in te nemen. De stad stond onder militair bevel van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscus_(generaal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priscus (generaal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">generaal Priscus</a>, de echtgenoot van Domentzia, een dochter van Phocas. Priscus bleek echter onbetrouwbaar en liep al snel over naar Heraclius. Phocas' overige troepen waren bijzonder zwak en zo kon Heraclius de stad zonder strijd innemen. Phocas werd gevangengenomen en Heraclius onthoofdde hem ter plekke. </p><p>De nieuwe keizer erfde een uitgeput rijk, waarvan de grenzen behoorlijk wat kleiner waren geworden door de Perzische opmars. Hij kon de verloren gebieden met veel moeite heroveren, om ze niet veel later weer te verliezen aan de <a href="/wiki/Arabieren" title="Arabieren">Arabieren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eindbalans">Eindbalans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Eindbalans" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Eindbalans"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG/260px-RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG/390px-RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG/520px-RomaForoRomanoColonnaFoca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>De zuil van Phocas op het Forum Romanum</figcaption></figure> <p>Phocas werd altijd gezegd vele duizenden mensen te hebben laten vermoorden die het niet eens waren met zijn regime omdat het geen legitimiteit had. Het is echter overduidelijk dat veel hiervan verzonnen is: latere generaties geschiedschrijvers vonden in Phocas een mooie zondebok voor alle problemen van het rijk. Het verlies van provincies in het oosten aan de Perzen was dan wel tijdens de regering van Phocas gebeurd, maar het was toch vooral te danken aan Heraclius dat het zo geschiedde. Deze Heraclius was zelf ook niet meer dan een usurpator, maar hij wordt wel geprezen door veel geschiedschrijvers. Het verschil zit hem in de duur van hun regeerperiodes: Phocas werd na nog geen 8 jaar afgezet, maar Heraclius (die na de invoering in het Byzantijnse Rijk van het Grieks als officiële taal, werd aangeduid als Herakleios) hield het tot hij stierf meer dan 30 jaar vol. De laatste wordt ook gezien als de begeleider van het late <a href="/wiki/Oost-Romeinse_Rijk" class="mw-redirect" title="Oost-Romeinse Rijk">Oost-Romeinse Rijk</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Late_oudheid" title="Late oudheid">late oudheid</a> naar het Grieks-<a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse Rijk</a> uit de <a href="/wiki/Vroege_middeleeuwen" title="Vroege middeleeuwen">vroege middeleeuwen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zuil">Zuil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zuil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zuil"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phocas is de naamgever van de <a href="/wiki/Zuil_van_Phocas" title="Zuil van Phocas">Zuil van Phocas</a>, het laatste monument dat op het <a href="/wiki/Forum_Romanum" title="Forum Romanum">Forum Romanum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a> werd opgericht. De reden voor het aan Phocas wijden van de <a href="/wiki/Zuil_(bouwkunde)" title="Zuil (bouwkunde)">zuil</a> is niet geheel duidelijk, mogelijk kwam het omdat Phocas het <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_(Rome)" title="Pantheon (Rome)">Pantheon</a> aan <a href="/wiki/Paus_Bonifatius_IV" title="Paus Bonifatius IV">paus Bonifatius IV</a> (dan al wel de machtigste persoon van de stad) schonk om te gebruiken als kerk. In ruil hiervoor heeft Bonifatius bemiddeld met de <a href="/wiki/Longobarden" title="Longobarden">Longobarden</a> zodat <a href="/wiki/Smaragdus" title="Smaragdus">Smaragdus</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Exarchaat_Ravenna" title="Exarchaat Ravenna">ex-exarch van Ravenna</a> zijn positie weer terugkreeg. Als dank liet Smaragdus op een oude zuil uit de <a href="/wiki/2e_eeuw" title="2e eeuw">2e eeuw</a> een beeld van de keizer zetten en wijdde deze aan Phocas op <a href="/wiki/1_augustus" title="1 augustus">1 augustus</a> 608. Het beeld is waarschijnlijk al snel weggehaald op last van Phocas' opvolger. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/phocas.htm"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kevin H. Crow</span>, art. Phocas (602-610 A.D.), in <i>DIR</i> (2002)</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phocas" class="extiw" title="commons:Phocas">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phocas" class="extiw" title="commons:Phocas">Phocas</a></b></i> op <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&oldid=68388671">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phocas_(keizer)&oldid=68388671</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Keizer_van_Byzantium" title="Categorie:Keizer van Byzantium">Keizer van Byzantium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Persoon_in_de_7e_eeuw" title="Categorie:Persoon in de 7e eeuw">Persoon in de 7e eeuw</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 16 nov 2024 om 11:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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