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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The 2003 US invasion of Iraq</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_2003_US_invasion_of_Iraq-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Iraqi_insurgency_and_disappearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Iraqi_insurgency_and_disappearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The Iraqi insurgency and disappearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Iraqi_insurgency_and_disappearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Whereabouts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whereabouts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Whereabouts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whereabouts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraqi_insurgency_and_resurfacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_insurgency_and_resurfacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Iraqi insurgency and resurfacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_insurgency_and_resurfacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_fall_of_Mosul_and_Iraqi_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_fall_of_Mosul_and_Iraqi_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The fall of Mosul and Iraqi Civil War</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_fall_of_Mosul_and_Iraqi_Civil_War-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The fall of Mosul and Iraqi Civil War subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_fall_of_Mosul_and_Iraqi_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iraqi_Civil_War_and_resurfacing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_Civil_War_and_resurfacing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Iraqi Civil War and resurfacing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_Civil_War_and_resurfacing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Allegations of death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="عزة الدوري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عزة الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zz%C9%99t_%C4%B0brahim_Duri" title="İzzət İbrahim Duri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İzzət İbrahim Duri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="ইজ্জাত ইব্রাহিম আদ-দাউরি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইজ্জাত ইব্রাহিম আদ-দাউরি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ібрагім Ізат ад-Дуры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ібрагім Ізат ад-Дуры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Duri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izat_Ibrahim_al_Duri" title="Izat Ibrahim al Duri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Izat Ibrahim al Duri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85" title="عزت ابراهیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عزت ابراهیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Ezzat Ibrahim al-Douri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ezzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%96%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99" title="עיזת אבראהים א-דורי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיזת אבראהים א-דורי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-D%C3%BAri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Dúri – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Dúri" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="عزة الدورى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عزة الدورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%82%B6%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%92%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="イッザト・イブラーヒーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イッザト・イブラーヒーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Duri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Duri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Иззат Ибрагим ад-Дури – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иззат Ибрагим ад-Дури" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عیزەت دووری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عیزەت دووری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Изет Ибрахим ел Дури – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изет Ибрахим ел Дури" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Duri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Duri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Duri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_ad-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zzet_%C4%B0brahim_ed-Duri" title="İzzet İbrahim ed-Duri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzzet İbrahim ed-Duri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri" title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%87%8C" title="伊扎特·易卜拉欣·杜里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊扎特·易卜拉欣·杜里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q462061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">عزت إبراهيم الدوري</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/220px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/330px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png/440px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="691" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)#Secretaries_General" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Secretary General of the National Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />30 December 2006 – 25 October 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salah_Al-Mukhtar" title="Salah Al-Mukhtar">Salah Al-Mukhtar</a><sup id="cite_ref-арабы_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-арабы-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Regional Secretary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraqi Ba'ath Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 January 2007 – 25 October 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown (most likely <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Deputy Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Regional Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraqi Regional Branch</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />September 1991 – 3 January 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Unknown</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Iraq" title="Vice President of Iraq">Vice President of Iraq</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 July 1979 – 9 April 2003<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with Taha Yassin Ramadan (after 1991)</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taha_Muhie-eldin_Marouf" title="Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf">Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf</a> and Saddam Hussein</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Vice Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_(Iraq)" title="Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq)">Revolutionary Command Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 July 1979 – 9 April 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Saddam Hussein</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Post abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Regional Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraqi Regional Branch</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 1966 – 9 April 2003</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1942-07-01</span>)</span>1 July 1942<br /><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dawr" title="Ad-Dawr">Ad-Dawr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 October 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-10-25)</span> (aged 78)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraqi Ba'ath</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Jawhar Majid Khalil and four other wives</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Ahmed</li><li>Ibrahim</li><li>Ali</li><li>Suleiman</li><li>Hamd</li><li>Yusef</li><li>Khaled</li><li>Mustafa</li><li>Abbas</li><li>Omar</li><li>Hawazin</li><li>Abla</li><li>Amra</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Ghost</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281959%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_(1958-1968)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Republic (1958-1968)">Iraqi Republic</a> (1962–1968)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a><br />(1968–2003)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Naqshbandi Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Iraqi_Ground_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Ground_Forces" title="Iraqi Ground Forces">Iraqi Ground Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1962–2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Iraqi field marshal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png/25px-IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png/38px-IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png/50px-IraqArmyRankInsignia-1.png 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1828" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">Field marshal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">Political Guidance Directorate</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_(Iraq)" title="2nd Division (Iraq)">2nd Infantry Division</a><br /><small>(1977–1981)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Anfal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Anfal Campaign">Al-Anfal Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khafji" title="Battle of Khafji">Battle of Khafji</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1991_uprisings_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 uprisings in Iraq">1991 uprisings in Iraq</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes" title="2013 Hawija clashes">2013 Hawija clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar campaign (2013–2014)</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013-17)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Iraq (2013-17)">War in Iraq (2013-17)</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Iraq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign" title="Salahuddin campaign">Salahuddin campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="First Battle of Tikrit">First Battle of Tikrit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit" title="Second Battle of Tikrit">Second Battle of Tikrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2016%E2%80%9317)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mosul (2016–17)">Battle of Mosul</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عزت إبراهيم الدوري</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Izzat Ibrāhīm ad-Dūrī</i></span>; 1 July 1942 – 25 October 2020) was an <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi people">Iraqi</a> politician and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">army</a> <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a>. He served as Vice Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolutionary_Command_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council">Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council</a> until the <a href="/wiki/2003_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Iraq War">2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq</a> and was regarded as the closest advisor and deputy under President <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. He led the Iraqi resistance group <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Naqshbandi Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dougherty_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri was the most high-profile <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'athist</a> official to successfully evade capture after the invasion of Iraq, and was the "king of clubs" in the infamous <a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">U.S. deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards</a>. Al-Douri continued to lead elements of the Iraqi resistance such as the Naqshbandi Army against the then-occupation forces and waged an insurgency against the current regime in Baghdad. Following the execution of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> on 30 December 2006, al-Douri was confirmed as the new leader of the banned <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraqi Ba'ath Party</a> on 3 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Saddam_aide_is_new_Baath_leader_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saddam_aide_is_new_Baath_leader-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri was reportedly <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a>—along with his nine bodyguards<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—on 17 April 2015 in a large-scale military operation by Shiite militias and Iraqi forces near the Al-Alaas oil fields in Hemreen east of Tikrit.<sup id="cite_ref-Izzat_killed_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izzat_killed-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-skypres_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skypres-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-erem_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erem-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alghad_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alghad-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shiite militant organization <a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a> has alleged that it killed him and transported his apparent body to Baghdad to confirm its identity.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sotal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sotal-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Shiite militias claimed to have killed him, but the Iraqi Baath party denied his death.<sup id="cite_ref-notcom_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-notcom-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Kurdish news source also reported that Iraq did not have al-Douri's DNA to confirm his death.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Douri appeared in videos talking about events that took place after his alleged death.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 25 October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in 1942, al-Douri was born in <a href="/wiki/Ad-Dawr" title="Ad-Dawr">Ad-Dawr</a>, near the Iraqi town of <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>, to Ibrahim Khalil al-Douri, a farmer, and Hamdah Saloum al-Douri.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family belonged to the Al-Shuwaikhat clan of the <a href="/wiki/Jubur" title="Jubur">Jabour</a> tribe. Nicknamed "the Iceman" for his humble origins selling blocks of ice, he became involved in revolutionary politics in his late teenage years, despite having had only a primary school education.<sup id="cite_ref-Joffe_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joffe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He befriended <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> in 1963, then they both served in the early intelligence apparatus of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a> and participated in what would be known as the <a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a> in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_the_Ba'athist_government"><span id="During_the_Ba.27athist_government"></span>During the Ba'athist government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: During the Ba'athist government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Douri was a senior member of the Ba'athist government under <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. This was due to the fact that both al-Douri and Saddam came from the same Tikriti tribal background. When the Ba'athists seized power in 1968, he was made interior minister where he oversaw efforts to sideline political rivals to the Ba'ath Party, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Communist_Party" title="Iraqi Communist Party">Iraqi Communist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Douri became the vice chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolutionary_Command_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council">Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council</a> prior to 2003, giving him unprecedented amounts of power and influence within the Iraqi political sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dougherty_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougherty-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As vice chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolutionary_Command_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council">Revolutionary Command Council</a>, al-Douri was involved in the wars against Iran and Kuwait. During the 1988–1989 <a href="/wiki/Al-Anfal_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Anfal Campaign">Al-Anfal Campaign</a>, al-Douri was said to have ordered <a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a> (aka 'Chemical Ali') to use Mustard and Sarin nerve gas on Kurdish fighters in <a href="/wiki/Halabja_chemical_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Halabja chemical attack">Halabja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was complicit in the invasion of Saudi Arabia and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khafji" title="Battle of Khafji">the attack on the town of Khafji</a> in January 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1991_uprisings_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 uprisings in Iraq">1991 uprisings in Iraq</a>, he was involved in the suppression of the revolt led by the Iraqi marsh Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Kurds rebelled again in 1991, al-Douri warned them "If you have forgotten Halabja, I would like to remind you that we are ready to repeat the operation."<sup id="cite_ref-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, al-Douri was involved in the state-sponsored <a href="/wiki/Faith_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith campaign">Return to Faith Campaign</a> <i>(al-Hamlah al-Imaniyyah)</i>, which sought to encourage devotion to Islam in Iraqi social life. This saw aspects of Islam fused into the Iraqi media, education system and judicial system.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1998, al-Douri escaped an assassination attempt when visiting <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joffe_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joffe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/October_2000_events" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2000 events">October 2000 events</a>, Arab leaders including al-Douri gathered in Cairo condemning Israel's reaction to the protests. In response to the Palestinian protests, Al-Douri was said to have remarked "The Jews will be taught a lesson."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 March 2003, during an emergency summit of the then <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_Islamic_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of the Islamic Cooperation</a>, al-Douri made a heated address where he accused the neighbouring Gulf states of being "traitors" for cooperating with the United States and Israel. He blamed Kuwait for being responsible for Iraq's suffering and scrutinised the United States of America's aggressive stance towards Iraq. These comments sparked the Kuwaiti representative to stand up and protest to which al-Douri responded "Shut up, sit down you small American agent, you monkey!"<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi Order</a>, was able to use his position in the regime to leverage support to the Naqshbandi community within Iraq. This form of patronage would eventfully culminate in the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a> during the Iraqi insurgency, of which al-Douri would play a leading role.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Douri married for the first time in 1968; however, he married five times in total and had 24 children: 13 daughters and 11 sons.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a sign of loyalty, al-Douri consented to marry his daughter Hawazin to Saddam's eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Uday_Hussein" title="Uday Hussein">Uday</a>. Al-Douri's influence with Saddam was so substantial that he could even levy a condition, that the union would not be consummated, and later made a successful petition that his daughter be permitted to divorce Uday.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri is believed to have suffered from <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> and was said to have undergone blood transfusions every six months. In 1999, he visited <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, Austria for treatment. A Vienna city councillor submitted an request for the arrest and investigation on al-Douri for war crimes, but the government allowed him to leave the country.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Joffe_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joffe-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son was reportedly killed in Tikrit in July 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall_of_the_Ba'ath_regime_and_Iraqi_insurgency"><span id="Fall_of_the_Ba.27ath_regime_and_Iraqi_insurgency"></span>Fall of the Ba'ath regime and Iraqi insurgency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall of the Ba'ath regime and Iraqi insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_2003_US_invasion_of_Iraq">The 2003 US invasion of Iraq</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The 2003 US invasion of Iraq"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 March 2003, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>-led coalition forces invaded Iraq, leading to the toppling of the regime of President Saddam Hussein on 9 April 2003. Following the fall of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, al-Douri went into hiding. U.S. officials claimed that he was involved in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(Iraq_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)">Iraqi insurgency</a> against U.S. forces, directing and funding attacks, as well as brokering an alliance between Ba'athist insurgents and militant Islamists. </p><p>In November 2003, the U.S.-led coalition issued a US$10 million bounty for any information leading to al-Douri's apprehension by authorities in response to coordinating attacks against <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Coalition forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of al-Douri's wives and a daughter were captured in the same month, to be questioned about his whereabouts.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri was made the King of Clubs in the famous <a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">most-wanted Iraqi playing cards</a>, making him among the top 8 "most wanted" figures in Saddam Hussein's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>, al-Douri, along with Saddam and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a>, were among the three surviving plotters who had brought the Ba'ath Party to power in a <a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">coup in 1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Iraqi_insurgency_and_disappearance">The Iraqi insurgency and disappearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Iraqi insurgency and disappearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an interview in May 2008, al-Douri detailed his strategy, indicating that "any negotiations with the invaders without it represents a desertion and treason, and is refused by all national, Pan-Arab and Islamic factions of the resistance."<sup id="cite_ref-ccun_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the interview, al-Douri made the following demands: </p> <ol><li>An official pronounced recognition of the armed and unarmed national resistance, including all its factions and (political) parties, as the sole legitimate representative of the people of Iraq</li> <li>An official declaration of unconditional withdrawal from Iraq by the U.S. leadership</li> <li>Declaring null and void all the political and legislative institutions, as well as all the laws and legislation issued by them, since the occupation, with the de-Ba'athfication law in the forefront, and compensating all who were adversely affected by them</li> <li>A stop to raids, prosecutions, arrests, killings and displacement</li> <li>Release of all <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> (POWs), prisoners and detainees without exception and compensating all for their physical and psychological damage</li> <li>Reinstating the army and the national security forces in service in accordance with their preoccupation laws and regulations, and compensating all who were adversely affected by dissolving them</li> <li>A pledge to compensate Iraq for all the material and moral losses it incurred because of the occupation</li></ol> <p>Al-Douri was reportedly the head of the Iraqi resistance group <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a> based on his longstanding positions of leadership in the <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a> sect in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-WestPointCTCSentinel_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WestPointCTCSentinel-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Whereabouts">Whereabouts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Whereabouts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg/220px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg/330px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg/440px-Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="840" /></a><figcaption>Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri depicted as the King of Clubs in the US Department of Defense's "Most-wanted" playing cards.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sometime after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Fall of Baghdad</a>, al-Douri evaded capture and went into hiding.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many different reports on his whereabouts. Several sources close to al-Douri's family reported to <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a> that they had not heard of al-Douri since April 2003 and did not know where he was hiding.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to veteran intelligence consultant <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Wrightson_Nance" class="mw-redirect" title="Malcolm Wrightson Nance">Malcolm Nance</a> and a U.S. telegram cable, al-Douri and the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_(Iraq)" title="Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq)">Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council</a> were rumoured to have developed deep relations with <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian Ba'ath party</a>, despite historical differences between the two Ba'ath factions. Al-Douri urged Saddam to open oil pipelines with Syria, building a financial relationship with the Assad family.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Cable_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Cable-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nance would also allege that al-Douri fled to Syria after the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, where he organised the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Command_of_the_Islamic_Resistance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Command of the Islamic Resistance (page does not exist)">National Command of the Islamic Resistance</a> which co-ordinated major combat operations during the Iraqi insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> reported prior to the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Red Dawn">capture of Saddam Hussein</a>, al-Douri served as "Saddam’s point of contact in <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala Governorate</a>" and that he had visited Diyala twice to meet with leaders to organize the insurgency inside Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were reports from <a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat" title="Al-Hayat">al-Hayat</a> that al-Douri was allegedly in Mosul visiting his wife, before fleeing to an undisclosed location.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> reported that al-Douri was rumoured to be hiding in Syria or elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Iraqi security forces raided a hideout in Tikrit belonging to al-Douri, the raid was based on "confirmed intelligence" that al-Douri was holding meetings with his aides at the hideout. Al-Douri however was not caught.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In early 2007, Iraqi President <a href="/wiki/Jalal_Talabani" title="Jalal Talabani">Jalal Talabani</a> claimed al-Douri was not in Syria, but that he was in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, saying that the Iraqi government has had this information for a while and had been tracing al-Douri's movements.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A U.S. intelligence source told the <a href="/wiki/Long_War_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Long War Journal">Long War Journal</a>, that al-Douri was being sheltered in northern Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iraqi tribal expert and senior fellow at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace" title="United States Institute of Peace">United States Institute of Peace</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amatzia_Baram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amatzia Baram (page does not exist)">Amatzia Baram</a>, claimed that al-Douri is likely in hiding somewhere between Mosul and the Turkish border.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Middle East expert <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cole" title="Juan Cole">Juan Cole</a> believes that al-Douri is likely in the Mosul area and not Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The U.S. claimed that al-Douri resurfaced in Syria in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-US_Cable_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Cable-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> however, <i>Al-Mawqif Al-Arabi</i>, an Egyptian newspaper which interviewed al-Douri that same year, told reporters that he was "on the battlefield" and on a "combat field while weapons were talking", presumably meaning he was still fighting in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-ccun_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Combating_Terrorism_Center" title="Combating Terrorism Center">Combating Terrorism Center</a> reported that al-Douri was still "politically active within Iraq."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a> reported that it was believed that al-Douri was hiding somewhere in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> reported that it was believed that al-Douri was hiding around Mosul or Tikrit.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reports claimed that al-Douri was in the Iraqi town of Ad-Dawr and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">General David Petraeus</a> who was at the time heading the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a>, told reporters from <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> that al-Douri was still residing in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> with "complete freedom".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian government denied that al-Douri was residing in Syria. Iraqi Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a> claimed to U.S. officials that a Syrian offered to show him al-Douri's home in Damascus during a visit.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Iraqi intelligence sources in 2009 have emphasized that al-Douri was residing in the southern suburbs of Diyala in an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> stronghold.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unconfirmed speculations located al-Douri somewhere in Gulf or the southern Arabian Peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in Qatar,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other theories claimed that al-Douri had stayed in Iraq permanently since 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that he had "a number of safe houses in and around <a href="/wiki/Muqdadiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Muqdadiya">Muqdadiya</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite allegations from U.S. and Iraqi officials that al-Douri was residing in Syria, al-Douri had opposed and even attempted to oust the Syrian-backed Iraqi Ba'athist, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a>, from the party and he had also criticized the Syrian government for being part of an American conspiracy to undermine the Iraqi Ba'ath Party.<sup id="cite_ref-ADOURIAHMED_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADOURIAHMED-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, analysts have noted that "Douri deeply distrusts working with the Syrians because he distrusts the Iranians, who are strong allies with Syria".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview on 26 May 2008, al-Douri boasted that his resistance was not supported or incubated by any outside powers.<sup id="cite_ref-ccun_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccun-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some leaders such as former national security advisor <a href="/wiki/Mowaffak_al-Rubaie" title="Mowaffak al-Rubaie">Mowaffak al-Rubaie</a> and former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki have accused the Assad government of harbouring and supporting Iraqi militants.<sup id="cite_ref-Iraq_asked_Syria's_Assad_to_stop_aiding_'jihadists':_Former_official_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraq_asked_Syria's_Assad_to_stop_aiding_'jihadists':_Former_official-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maliki_blames_Syria_for_attacks,_Assad_denies_claim_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maliki_blames_Syria_for_attacks,_Assad_denies_claim-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A charge Syria heavily denies and demands be proven with evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While U.S. telegram cable claimed by at least October 2009 that al-Douri was no longer part of the "former regime elements" living in Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-US_Cable_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Cable-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2019)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> U.S. intelligence believed al-Douri operated out of Syria until the start of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> in 2011, when he may have moved to safe houses across the North-western Iraq province of <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malcolm Nance, however claims that al-Douri was still in Syria by as late as 2013, before moving to Tikrit in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraqi_insurgency_and_resurfacing">Iraqi insurgency and resurfacing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Iraqi insurgency and resurfacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 November 2011, a man claiming to be Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri released an audio tape condemning a recent arrest campaign targeting suspected Ba'ath Party members. </p><p>The first visual evidence of his survival surfaced on 7 April 2012 when a video posted online<sup id="cite_ref-Youtube_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Youtube-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showed him giving a speech. In the shots, he is seen wearing an olive Saddam-era military uniform (with the rank of Field Marshal) and glasses, denouncing the Shiite-led government in Baghdad and interference in Iraqi politics by regional <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> powerhouse <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. "Everyone can hear the sounds of danger echoing daily and threatening this country," al-Douri says during the hour-long broadcast. Prime Minister Maliki's personal adviser, Ali al-Moussawi, said the tape had a propaganda function but that he doubted al-Douri was still in Iraq as he required extensive medical care for a number of illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Ass._Press_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ass._Press-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 January 2013, a 53-minute video was released on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in which al-Douri encouraged recent <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Iraqi_protests" title="2012–2013 Iraqi protests">Sunni protests</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Anbar</a> Governorates against Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki" title="Nouri al-Maliki">Nouri al-Maliki</a>, saying that "the people of Iraq and all its nationalist and Islamic forces support you until the realization of your just demands for the fall of the Safavid-Persian alliance." The message, which showed the Ba'athist leader sitting behind a desk with a small <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam</a>-era Iraqi flag on it, was partially broadcast on the <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> news channel. In the video, released just before the Iraqi Army Day on 6 January, Douri claimed to be somewhere in Iraq's <a href="/wiki/Babil_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Babil Governorate">Babil Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, former U.S. intelligence officials believe it was filmed in Damascus, Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hours after the tape was released, Iraqi military intelligence arrested Abdul Rahman Mohammed Ibrahim, the nephew of al-Douri, in <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin Governorate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2013, the Iraqi government claimed to be closing in on al-Douri, who they claimed was moving between Tikrit and the towns of Hawija and Dour, which is alleged to be an area of strong support for al-Douri, and also where he is claimed to have owned a villa.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, al-Douri returned to Tikrit during the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2014%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)">Iraqi Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_fall_of_Mosul_and_Iraqi_Civil_War">The fall of Mosul and Iraqi Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The fall of Mosul and Iraqi Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Douri played a crucial role in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)" title="Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)">Northern Offensive</a> as commander of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Naqshbandi Army</a>. Reports soon surfaced that he had links with the jihadist group <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a>, helping them take the city of <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> and coordinating attacks against Iraqi security forces.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 June, a Twitter account, @wikibaghdadi, claimed a "Meeting between ISIS and Naqshbandi Army near al-Qayara area south of Mosul had taken place with representatives from Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2014, al-Douri issued an audio recording praising "the heroes and knights of al Qaeda and the Islamic State" forces in attacking Iraqi government positions within <a href="/wiki/Saladin_Governorate" title="Saladin Governorate">Saladin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk_Governorate" title="Kirkuk Governorate">Kirkuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diyala_Governorate" title="Diyala Governorate">Diyala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Governorate" title="Nineveh Governorate">Nineveh</a> Governorates. His connections with Islamist elements in Iraq is said to have emerged as far back as during Saddam's regime.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Ali_Soufan#Post-FBI_career" title="Ali Soufan">Soufan Group</a></i>, al-Douri had close ties with senior ISIL officials <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani" title="Abu Muslim al-Turkmani">Abu Muslim al-Turkmani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ayman_al-Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ayman al-Iraqi">Abu Ayman al-Iraqi</a>. Both men had served in the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist regime</a> under <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, with al-Turkmani being a Lieutenant colonel and serving in the <i><a href="/wiki/Istikhbarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Istikhbarat">Istikhbarat</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Republican_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Republican Guard">Special Republican Guard</a>. Al-Iraqi had been a Colonel in Iraq's Air Defense Intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Islamic_State_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Islamic_State-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Douri has been pointed out as one of the main commanders responsible for successful takeover by resistance groups of North Iraq and the city of Mosul in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Naqshbandi Army, along with other groups led by former Ba'ath officers, are reported to have assumed an increasingly large role in the governance and administration of occupied cities. Militants were reported to have appointed fellow Ba'ath generals Azhar al-Obeidi and Ahmed Abdul Rashid as the governors of Mosul and Tikrit.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, unverified reports emerged that the Ba'ath Party, under al-Douri's leadership, declared war on <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> in response to the displacement of Christians from Mosul.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other reports still maintained that there was a limited degree of cooperation between the two groups.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraqi_Civil_War_and_resurfacing">Iraqi Civil War and resurfacing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iraqi Civil War and resurfacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2015, an audio recording alleging to be that of al-Douri, criticized both ISIL and Iran. He also hailed the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi-led alliance</a> targeting the <a href="/wiki/Houthi_movement" title="Houthi movement">Houthi</a> militias in Yemen. On ISIL he stated "We do cross paths ... but what stops us from meeting is that even if we wanted to, they would not accept because they consider the Ba'ath infidels". He claimed that the group was detaining a third of the Ba'ath's command, and then went on to claim the number of ISIL victims in Iraq "does not equal 1% of those killed by the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">militias</a>". On Iran, al-Douri called for the "Iraqis in <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">Al-Anbar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karbala_Governorate" title="Karbala Governorate">Karbala</a> to strongly fight the Persian criminal plan, which aims at swallowing Iraq." He stressed that Iran is the main player in Iraq and it is working through the <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2015, it was reported that al-Douri's Naqshbandi Army was involved in secret discussions with the Iraqi government, alongside other insurgent groups, as part of a move to create a new Sunni force to fight ISIL in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 April 2016, he released a video in which he sits at a desk in military uniform, flanked by two bodyguards and reads a statement. He calls on 'mujahideen' in Iraq to fight the <a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">Shia militias</a> and combat Iranian influence in Iraq under the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Military_Counter_Terrorism_Coalition" title="Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition">Islamic Military Alliance to Fight Terrorism</a> created by Saudi Arabia on 15 December 2015. He said: "We consider everything that is happening in Iraq from Iran, its agents, militias, and its security apparatus, is the responsibility of the United States". He added: "If it [U.S.] did not move to save Iraq and its people from Iran's hegemony, control and occupation, and to stop bloodshed, destruction, burning and the changing demographic, then Iraqi people should resist [the occupation]." He stated that one of the ways to deal with the issue in Yemen was to make Iran and its allies adhere to the Security Council decision on ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 April 2018, al-Douri released a new video commemorating the 71st anniversary of the Baath party and vowing that U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> "will never attack Iran until the Resurrection Day."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article published by <a href="/wiki/NRT_News" title="NRT News">NRT News</a>, an Iraqi politician, Hassan Alawi, claimed to have had information about previous meetings of Al-Douri in the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, claiming “he never left the homeland”. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allegations_of_death">Allegations of death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Allegations of death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2005, Arab media reported that al-Douri died of natural causes, probably in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 April 2015, al-Douri allegedly died during a military operation conducted by the Iraqi Army near Al-Alaas oil fields in <a href="/wiki/Hamrin_Mountains" title="Hamrin Mountains">Hamrin Mountains</a>, east of Tikrit. Iraqi security forces and Shia militias opened fire at a convoy believed to be carrying al-Douri and nine bodyguards, resulting in a 25-minute firefight. General Haider al-Basri, a senior Iraqi commander, announced to state television that the man believed to be al-Douri and his guards were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-skypres_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skypres-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-erem_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erem-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alghad_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alghad-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shi'ite militant organization <a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a> claimed to have killed him, saying that his body was being transported to Baghdad to confirm its identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before delivering the body to Baghdad, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces_(Iraq)" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq)">Shi'ite militias</a> did DNA tests on the body and confirmed the results on 19 April.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The body was delivered to Baghdad on 20 April,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the government starting the DNA tests a day after, on 21 April.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governor of Salahaddin province, Raed al-Jabbouri, characterized al-Douri as a "mastermind of Islamic State in Iraq (ISIS)" and stated that his death would be a blow to the group.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 April 2015, the Iraqi Health Ministry spokesman, Dr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ziyad_Tareq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ziyad Tareq (page does not exist)">Ziyad Tareq</a>, said: "The ministry does not have any DNA test (results) for any relative of al-Douri at the present time, and further efforts will be made to achieve a DNA result."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 May 2015, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> a Ba'athist television channel released an audio recording, purportedly made by al-Douri, in which the speaker referred to events that had happened since al-Douri's reported death on 17 April.<sup id="cite_ref-record_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-record-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 2018, <a href="/wiki/Raghad_Saddam_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghad Saddam Hussein">Raghad Saddam Hussein</a> was reported to have sent a note of condolence to Al Douri's family, with the source saying that "Douri died of a <a href="/wiki/Hypocholesterolemia" title="Hypocholesterolemia">hematological illness</a> at a Tunisian hospital."<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Arabic language media outlets reported that the <a href="/wiki/Baath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Baath Party</a> announced his death on 25 October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unknown what he died of.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Baath Party issued a statement following his death, which read: "Today, the knight of the Baath and the Iraqi national resistance has dismounted from his horse".<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saddam's daughter, Raghad, tweeted a message regarding Al-Douri's death on 26 October.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-арабы-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-арабы_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vk.com/wall-153203112_39299">Преемником Иззата Ибрагима ад-Дури на посту Генерального секретаря партии «Баас» стал заслуженный дипломат Саддама Хусейна</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807062627/https://vk.com/wall-153203112_39299">Archived</a> 7 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> // Голос Арабов, 18 лістапада 2020 (суполка ў «<a href="/wiki/VKontakte" class="mw-redirect" title="VKontakte">УКантакце</a>»)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USAToday_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-03-27-saddam-deputy_x.htm">"Saddam's No. 2 seeks help for insurgency"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. 27 March 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090710054128/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2006-03-27-saddam-deputy_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+No.+2+seeks+help+for+insurgency&rft.date=2006-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Firaq%2F2006-03-27-saddam-deputy_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dougherty-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dougherty_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dougherty_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougherty2019" class="citation book cs1">Dougherty, Beth K. (15 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-mUDwAAQBAJ"><i>Historical Dictionary of Iraq</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 219–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2005-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-2005-7"><bdi>978-1-5381-2005-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Iraq&rft.pages=219-220&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-2005-7&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Beth+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-mUDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saddam_aide_is_new_Baath_leader-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saddam_aide_is_new_Baath_leader_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6226977.stm">"Saddam aide is new Ba'ath leader"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116202139/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6226977.stm">Archived</a> 16 January 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 3 January 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/saddam-husseins-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation/">"Saddam Hussein's former top aide killed in Iraq military operation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418070847/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/17/saddam-hussein-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation/?intcmp=trending">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+former+top+aide+killed+in+Iraq+military+operation&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fsaddam-husseins-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izzat_killed-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Izzat_killed_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/former-saddam-deputy-izzat-al-douri-killed-reportedly-iraq-after-evading-capture-1886458?rel=latest1">"Top Saddam aide Izzat al-Douri reportedly killed"</a>. <i>IBTimes</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180713210032/http://www.ibtimes.com/former-saddam-deputy-izzat-al-douri-killed-reportedly-iraq-after-evading-capture-1886458?rel=latest1">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBTimes&rft.atitle=Top+Saddam+aide+Izzat+al-Douri+reportedly+killed&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fformer-saddam-deputy-izzat-al-douri-killed-reportedly-iraq-after-evading-capture-1886458%3Frel%3Dlatest1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skypres-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-skypres_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-skypres_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skypressiq.net/main/ct-menu-item-5/4999-2015-04-17-12-32-21.html">"مقتل عزة الدوري في عملية عسكرية بحمرين شرق تكريت"</a> (in Arabic). Skypressiq.net. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417182334/http://www.skypressiq.net/main/ct-menu-item-5/4999-2015-04-17-12-32-21.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA&rft.pub=Skypressiq.net&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skypressiq.net%2Fmain%2Fct-menu-item-5%2F4999-2015-04-17-12-32-21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-erem-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-erem_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-erem_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eremnews.com/politics/arab-politics/262011">"أنباء عن مقتل عزة الدوري شرق تكريت وبعد ماكو ثلج لأن مات ابو الثلج (صور)"</a> (in Arabic). Erem News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418063113/http://www.eremnews.com/politics/arab-politics/262011">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA+%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88+%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%AC+%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%AC+%28%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%29&rft.pub=Erem+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eremnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Farab-politics%2F262011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alghad-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alghad_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alghad_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alghadpress.com/ar/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=29813">"الجبوري يعلن مقتل عزة الدوري بعملية أمنية شرقي تكريت"</a> (in Arabic). algahadpress.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417172723/http://alghadpress.com/ar/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=29813">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA&rft.pub=algahadpress.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falghadpress.com%2Far%2FNewsDetails.aspx%3FNewsID%3D29813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sotal-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sotal_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sotaliraq.com/mobile-news.php?id=197258">"العصائب تتبنى عملية قتل عزة الدوري وتؤكد أن الجثة في طريقها لبغداد"</a> (in Arabic). sotaliraq.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417235442/http://www.sotaliraq.com/mobile-news.php?id=197258">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%AF+%D8%A3%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AB%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft.pub=sotaliraq.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sotaliraq.com%2Fmobile-news.php%3Fid%3D197258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-notcom-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-notcom_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-32347036">"Saddam aide Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri 'killed' in Iraq"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129041006/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-32347036">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Saddam+aide+Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri+%27killed%27+in+Iraq&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-32347036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/250420153">"Official: Iraq lacks DNA to identify body of Izzat Douri"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182554/http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/250420153">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official%3A+Iraq+lacks+DNA+to+identify+body+of+Izzat+Douri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F250420153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/080420181">"Saddam's 'king of clubs' reappears on Baath anniversary"</a>. <i>Rudaw</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926122202/http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/080420181">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rudaw&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+%27king+of+clubs%27+reappears+on+Baath+anniversary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F080420181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://almajd.net/2020/10/26/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9/">"قيادة حزب البعث بالعراق: ترجل اليوم من على صهوة جواده فارس البعث والمقاومة العراقية القائد الهمام عزة إبراهيم"</a>. 26 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%3A+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A9+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falmajd.net%2F2020%2F10%2F26%2F%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AB-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2585-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thearabweekly.com/saddams-former-right-hand-man-izzat-al-douri-dies-0">"Saddam's former right-hand man Izzat al-Douri dies"</a>. <i>The Arab Weekly</i>. 26 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029162450/https://thearabweekly.com/saddams-former-right-hand-man-izzat-al-douri-dies-0">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Arab+Weekly&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+former+right-hand+man+Izzat+al-Douri+dies&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthearabweekly.com%2Fsaddams-former-right-hand-man-izzat-al-douri-dies-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/26/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-hussein-right-hand-man-dies-at-78">"Iraq: Saddam Hussein's right-hand man dies after years as fugitive"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 26 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026194604/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/26/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-hussein-right-hand-man-dies-at-78">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraq%3A+Saddam+Hussein%27s+right-hand+man+dies+after+years+as+fugitive&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Foct%2F26%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-hussein-right-hand-man-dies-at-78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KGZmAAAAMAAJ&q=izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri+born"><i>Who's who in the Arab World</i></a> (Snippet view ed.). Publitec Editions. 1984. p. 676. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9031-8802-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9031-8802-3"><bdi>978-2-9031-8802-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807062651/https://books.google.com/books?id=KGZmAAAAMAAJ&q=izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri+born">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+the+Arab+World&rft.pages=676&rft.edition=Snippet+view&rft.pub=Publitec+Editions&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-2-9031-8802-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKGZmAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dizzat%2BIbrahim%2Bal-Douri%2Bborn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joffe-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joffe_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joffe_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joffe_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoffe2020" class="citation news cs1">Joffe, Lawrence (29 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/29/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-obituary">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029174629/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/29/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri+obituary&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft.aulast=Joffe&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Foct%2F29%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Knights2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Michael Knights (24 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri: Is Saddam Hussein's Pal Key to Stopping ISIS?"</a>. <i>The New Republic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328011019/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri%3A+Is+Saddam+Hussein%27s+Pal+Key+to+Stopping+ISIS%3F&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft.au=Michael+Knights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F118356%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32349384">"King of Clubs Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri: Saddam's ally and enforcer"</a>. BBC. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419205837/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32349384">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+of+Clubs+Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri%3A+Saddam%27s+ally+and+enforcer&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-32349384&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/16/iraqi-audio-recording-shows-saddam-husseins-deputy-may-still-be-alive">"Iraqi audio recording shows Saddam Hussein's deputy may still be alive"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 16 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114024840/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/16/iraqi-audio-recording-shows-saddam-husseins-deputy-may-still-be-alive">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Iraqi+audio+recording+shows+Saddam+Hussein%27s+deputy+may+still+be+alive&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F16%2Firaqi-audio-recording-shows-saddam-husseins-deputy-may-still-be-alive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izzat_al-Douri:_Last_survivor_of_Saddam_Hussein's_inner_circle_who_allied_with_Islamic_State_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11545988/Izzat-al-Douri-Last-survivor-of-Saddam-Husseins-inner-circle-who-allied-with-Islamic-State.html">"Izzat al-Douri: Last survivor of Saddam Hussein's inner circle who allied with Islamic State"</a>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209173155/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11545988/Izzat-al-Douri-Last-survivor-of-Saddam-Husseins-inner-circle-who-allied-with-Islamic-State.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Izzat+al-Douri%3A+Last+survivor+of+Saddam+Hussein%27s+inner+circle+who+allied+with+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F11545988%2FIzzat-al-Douri-Last-survivor-of-Saddam-Husseins-inner-circle-who-allied-with-Islamic-State.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105025659/http://phasezero.gawker.com/an-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909">"An Intelligence Vet Explains ISIS, Yemen, and "the Dick Cheney of Iraq"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Gawker. 22 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phasezero.gawker.com/an-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909">the original</a> on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Intelligence+Vet+Explains+ISIS%2C+Yemen%2C+and+%22the+Dick+Cheney+of+Iraq%22&rft.pub=Gawker&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphasezero.gawker.com%2Fan-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNabb2017" class="citation book cs1">McNabb, James Brian (9 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rFDEEAAAQBAJ"><i>A Military History of the Modern Middle East</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-2964-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-2964-2"><bdi>978-1-4408-2964-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Military+History+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-2964-2&rft.aulast=McNabb&rft.aufirst=James+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrFDEEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105025659/http://phasezero.gawker.com/an-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909">"An Intelligence Vet Explains ISIS, Yemen, and "the Dick Cheney of Iraq"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 22 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phasezero.gawker.com/an-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909">the original</a> on 5 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Intelligence+Vet+Explains+ISIS%2C+Yemen%2C+and+%22the+Dick+Cheney+of+Iraq%22&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphasezero.gawker.com%2Fan-intelligence-vet-explains-isis-yemen-and-the-dick-1699407909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2021" class="citation journal cs1">Jordan, David (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004466753/BP000022.xml?language=en">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"So Let Today Be All the Arabs Muḥammad": The Prophet in the Discourse of the Iraqi Baʿth Party"</a>. <i>The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam</i>. <b>2</b>. Brill: 323–345. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004466753_014">10.1163/9789004466753_014</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244288193">244288193</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Presence+of+the+Prophet+in+Early+Modern+and+Contemporary+Islam&rft.atitle=%22So+Let+Today+Be+All+the+Arabs+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad%22%3A+The+Prophet+in+the+Discourse+of+the+Iraqi+Ba%CA%BFth+Party&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=323-345&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004466753_014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244288193%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004466753%2FBP000022.xml%3Flanguage%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pP315Mw3S9EC"><i>The Middle East and North Africa 2004</i></a>. Psychology Press. 30 October 2003. p. 466. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-184-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-184-1"><bdi>978-1-85743-184-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+2004&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-184-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpP315Mw3S9EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_Goldberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Jeffrey Goldberg (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3rqcqRxV9jMC&q=izzat+ibrahim+al+douri+jews&pg=PT276"><i>Prisoners: A Muslim and a Jew across the Middle East</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307265975" title="Special:BookSources/9780307265975"><bdi>9780307265975</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807062624/https://books.google.com/books?id=3rqcqRxV9jMC&q=izzat+ibrahim+al+douri+jews&pg=PT276">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoners%3A+A+Muslim+and+a+Jew+across+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780307265975&rft.au=Jeffrey+Goldberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3rqcqRxV9jMC%26q%3Dizzat%2Bibrahim%2Bal%2Bdouri%2Bjews%26pg%3DPT276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/05/sprj.irq.conference/">"Tempers flare at Islamic summit"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 5 March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305095107/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/05/sprj.irq.conference/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Tempers+flare+at+Islamic+summit&rft.date=2003-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F03%2F05%2Fsprj.irq.conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Weissman,_Hassan_Hassan2015" class="citation web cs1">Michael Weissman, Hassan Hassan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=llloBwAAQBAJ&q=izzat+ibrahim+al+douri+car+smuggling&pg=PT21">"ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror"</a>. University of Chicago Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISIS%3A+Inside+the+Army+of+Terror&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Michael+Weissman%2C+Hassan+Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DllloBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dizzat%2Bibrahim%2Bal%2Bdouri%2Bcar%2Bsmuggling%26pg%3DPT21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/29/world/middleeast/izzat-al-douri-saddam-hussein-iraq.html">"A Top Aide to Saddam Hussein Is Reported Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 29 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030124907/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/29/world/middleeast/izzat-al-douri-saddam-hussein-iraq.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Top+Aide+to+Saddam+Hussein+Is+Reported+Dead&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F29%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fizzat-al-douri-saddam-hussein-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">"Saddam Hussein's Faithful Friend, the King of Clubs, Might Be the Key to Saving Iraq"</a>. <i>New Republic</i>. 24 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328011019/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Republic&rft.atitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+Faithful+Friend%2C+the+King+of+Clubs%2C+Might+Be+the+Key+to+Saving+Iraq&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F118356%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNowakBirkMonina2019" class="citation book cs1">Nowak, Manfred; Birk, Moritz; Monina, Giuliana (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RarDDwAAQBAJ"><i>The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Its Optional Protocol: A Commentary</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 260–261. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884617-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-884617-8"><bdi>978-0-19-884617-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Nations+Convention+Against+Torture+and+Its+Optional+Protocol%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pages=260-261&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-884617-8&rft.aulast=Nowak&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Birk%2C+Moritz&rft.au=Monina%2C+Giuliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRarDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10065919/Izzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri: the King of Clubs is back, and he may yet prove to be Saddam Hussein's trump card"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. 18 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516021417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10065919/Izzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri%3A+the+King+of+Clubs+is+back%2C+and+he+may+yet+prove+to+be+Saddam+Hussein%27s+trump+card&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10065919%2FIzzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/dori-s-son-killed-in-tikrit">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri's son reportedly killed in Tikrit – Iraqi News"</a>. 6 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701175503/http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/dori-s-son-killed-in-tikrit">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri%27s+son+reportedly+killed+in+Tikrit+%E2%80%93+Iraqi+News&rft.date=2014-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqinews.com%2Firaq-war%2Fdori-s-son-killed-in-tikrit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDexter_Filkins2003" class="citation web cs1">Dexter Filkins (19 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/19/international/middleeast/us-offers-10-million-reward-in-hunt-for-top-hussein.html">"U.S. Offers $10 Million Reward in Hunt for Top Hussein Aide"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228124536/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/19/international/middleeast/us-offers-10-million-reward-in-hunt-for-top-hussein.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Offers+%2410+Million+Reward+in+Hunt+for+Top+Hussein+Aide&rft.date=2003-11-19&rft.au=Dexter+Filkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F11%2F19%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2Fus-offers-10-million-reward-in-hunt-for-top-hussein.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/27/world/arrests-in-iraq.html">"Arrests in Iraq"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 27 November 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030201108/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/27/world/arrests-in-iraq.html?searchResultPosition=4">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arrests+in+Iraq&rft.date=2003-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F11%2F27%2Fworld%2Farrests-in-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/17/world/gallery/iraq-most-wanted-playing-cards/index.html">"Iraq War: Top 8 most wanted"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228124550/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/17/world/gallery/iraq-most-wanted-playing-cards/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Iraq+War%3A+Top+8+most+wanted&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2Fworld%2Fgallery%2Firaq-most-wanted-playing-cards%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2005/11/11/izzat-ibrahim-al-duri-profile-2">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Duri: Profile"</a>. <i>www.aljazeera.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Duri%3A+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F11%2F11%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-duri-profile-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccun-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ccun_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ccun_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ccun_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasser2008" class="citation news cs1">Nasser, Nicola (10 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccun.org/Opinion%20Editorials/2008/June/10%20o/Izzat%20Ibrahim%20Al-Douri%20Outlines%20Anti-US%20Strategy,%20Tactics%20of%20Resistance,%20an%20Interview%20Translated%20By%20Nicola%20Nasser.htm">"Izzat Ibrahim Al-Douri Outlines Anti-US Strategy, Tactics of Resistance, an Interview Translated"</a>. Cross-Cultural Understanding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424191057/http://www.ccun.org/Opinion%20Editorials/2008/June/10%20o/Izzat%20Ibrahim%20Al-Douri%20Outlines%20Anti-US%20Strategy,%20Tactics%20of%20Resistance,%20an%20Interview%20Translated%20By%20Nicola%20Nasser.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+Al-Douri+Outlines+Anti-US+Strategy%2C+Tactics+of+Resistance%2C+an+Interview+Translated&rft.date=2008-06-10&rft.aulast=Nasser&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccun.org%2FOpinion%2520Editorials%2F2008%2FJune%2F10%2520o%2FIzzat%2520Ibrahim%2520Al-Douri%2520Outlines%2520Anti-US%2520Strategy%2C%2520Tactics%2520of%2520Resistance%2C%2520an%2520Interview%2520Translated%2520By%2520Nicola%2520Nasser.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WestPointCTCSentinel-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WestPointCTCSentinel_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826043422/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraq%E2%80%99s-next-insurgency">"The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency"</a>. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraq%E2%80%99s-next-insurgency">the original</a> on 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+JRTN+Movement+and+Iraq%27s+Next+Insurgency&rft.pub=Combating+Terrorism+Center+at+West+Point&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctc.usma.edu%2Fposts%2Fthe-jrtn-movement-and-iraq%25E2%2580%2599s-next-insurgency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24559294.html">Iraqis arrest former top aide in Saddam's regime</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524194425/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24559294.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>McClatchy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2005/11/200841010365121405.html">Is it a coincidence?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525152657/https://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2005/11/200841010365121405.html">Archived</a> 25 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Cable-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-US_Cable_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_Cable_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-US_Cable_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09DAMASCUS709_a.html">REVENGING AFLAQ (I): FORMER IRAQI BAATHISTS IN SYRIA -- WHO ARE THESE GUYS?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524194427/https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09DAMASCUS709_a.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<i>WikiLeaks</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA499655">Occupying Iraq: A History of the Coalition Provisional Authority</a> pg. 95. <i>RAND Corporation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2005/6/judgement41.htm">Saddam's former deputy Izzat Ibrahim a father at 61</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523222939/https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2005/6/judgement41.htm">Archived</a> 23 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>EKurd Daily</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juancole.com/2005/06/al-duri-leads-baath-birth-of-his.html">Al Duri Leads Baath Birth Of His</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525152659/https://www.juancole.com/2005/06/al-duri-leads-baath-birth-of-his.html">Archived</a> 25 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Informed Comment</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna10004587">US continues hunt for Saddam's ex-No. 2</a> . <i>NBC News</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-talabani/iraq-seeks-wanted-saddams-aides-in-syria-idUKOWE85525520070118">Iraq seeks wanted Saddam's aides in Syria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524235624/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-talabani/iraq-seeks-wanted-saddams-aides-in-syria-idUKOWE85525520070118">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Reuters</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/12/saddam_henchman_esca.php">Saddam henchman escapes raid by Iraqi forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525223645/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2007/12/saddam_henchman_esca.php">Archived</a> 25 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Long War Journal</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-most-wanted">IRAQ: The Most Wanted</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523222937/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-most-wanted">Archived</a> 23 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Council on Foreign Relations</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juancole.com/2007/05/note-to-bush-and-edwards-on-how-there.html">Note To Bush And Edwards On How There</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525152700/https://www.juancole.com/2007/05/note-to-bush-and-edwards-on-how-there.html">Archived</a> 25 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Informed Comment</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ctc.usma.edu/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraqs-next-insurgency/">The JRTN Movement and Iraq’s Next Insurgency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330070631/https://ctc.usma.edu/the-jrtn-movement-and-iraqs-next-insurgency/">Archived</a> 30 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>CTC Sentinel</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/iraqi-exiles-plot-fall-of-maliki-from-damascus-1.684562">Iraqi exiles plot fall of Maliki from Damascus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213221445/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/iraqi-exiles-plot-fall-of-maliki-from-damascus-1.684562">Archived</a> 13 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/saddam-husseins-deputy-and-isis-mastermind-al-douri-killed-in-iraq-wgqkhwscl56">Saddam Hussein’s deputy and ‘Isis mastermind’ al Douri ‘killed in Iraq’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526022913/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/saddam-husseins-deputy-and-isis-mastermind-al-douri-killed-in-iraq-wgqkhwscl56">Archived</a> 26 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">Saddam Hussein's Faithful Friend, the King of Clubs, Might Be the Key to Saving Iraq Iraqi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150328011019/http://www.newrepublic.com/article/118356/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-saddam-husseins-pal-key-stopping-isis">Archived</a> 28 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New Republic</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808051532/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/12/13/94083.html">"US giving security support to Yemen: Petraeus"</a>. Al Arabiya. 13 December 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/12/13/94083.html">the original</a> on 8 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+giving+security+support+to+Yemen%3A+Petraeus&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2009-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2009%2F12%2F13%2F94083.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BAGHDAD847_a.html">CG, CDA AND PM DISCUSS FOREIGN VISITS, SECURITY AND DEFENSE COOPERATION</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524224434/https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09BAGHDAD847_a.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>WikiLeaks</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eng-archive.aawsat.com/theaawsat/news-middle-east/iraq-saddams-aide-al-duri-hiding-in-diyala">Iraq: Saddam’s Aide Al-Duri Hiding in Diyala</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524014926/https://eng-archive.aawsat.com/theaawsat/news-middle-east/iraq-saddams-aide-al-duri-hiding-in-diyala">Archived</a> 24 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Asharq Al-Awsat</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aymennjawad.org/12557/iraq-violence">Violence in Iraq</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523194223/http://www.aymennjawad.org/12557/iraq-violence">Archived</a> 23 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Middle East Review of International Affairs</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412141838/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9101141223">"Fars News Agency :: Iraqi MP: Qatar Shelters Saddam's Vice-President"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=9101141223">the original</a> on 12 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fars+News+Agency+%3A%3A+Iraqi+MP%3A+Qatar+Shelters+Saddam%27s+Vice-President&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D9101141223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526022912/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2010/11/04/Last-man-standing-Saddams-longtime-veep/11881288897426/">"Last man standing: Saddam's longtime veep - UPI.com"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2010/11/04/Last-man-standing-Saddams-longtime-veep/11881288897426/">the original</a> on 26 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Last+man+standing%3A+Saddam%26%23039%3Bs+longtime+veep+-+UPI.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FSpecial%2F2010%2F11%2F04%2FLast-man-standing-Saddams-longtime-veep%2F11881288897426%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musingsoniraq.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-iraqs-civil-war-broke-out-in-diyala.html">How Iraq’s Civil War Broke Out In Diyala Province Interview With Former Interrogator Richard Buchanan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190526022912/http://musingsoniraq.blogspot.com/2014/07/how-iraqs-civil-war-broke-out-in-diyala.html">Archived</a> 26 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Musings on Iraq</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ADOURIAHMED-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ADOURIAHMED_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli,_Fadhil2007" class="citation web cs1">Ali, Fadhil (5 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014125014/http://www.jamestown.org/fileadmin/JamestownContent/TM_007_3.pdf">"Reviving the Iraqi Ba'ath: A Profile of General Muhammad Yunis al-Ahmad"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/fileadmin/JamestownContent/TM_007_3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reviving+the+Iraqi+Ba%27ath%3A+A+Profile+of+General+Muhammad+Yunis+al-Ahmad&rft.pub=Jamestown+Foundation&rft.date=2007-01-05&rft.au=Ali%2C+Fadhil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Ffileadmin%2FJamestownContent%2FTM_007_3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/world/middleeast/07syria.html">Syria Is Said to Be Strengthening Ties to Opponents of Iraq’s Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015115257/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/world/middleeast/07syria.html">Archived</a> 15 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>New York Times</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iraq_asked_Syria's_Assad_to_stop_aiding_'jihadists':_Former_official-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iraq_asked_Syria's_Assad_to_stop_aiding_'jihadists':_Former_official_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-asked-syrias-assad-not-aid-jihadists-former-official-1553468312#sthash.R54u7MXw.dpuf">"Iraq asked Syria's Assad to stop aiding 'jihadists': Former official"</a>. 20 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127125248/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-asked-syrias-assad-not-aid-jihadists-former-official-1553468312#sthash.R54u7MXw.dpuf">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+asked+Syria%27s+Assad+to+stop+aiding+%27jihadists%27%3A+Former+official&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Firaq-asked-syrias-assad-not-aid-jihadists-former-official-1553468312%23sthash.R54u7MXw.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maliki_blames_Syria_for_attacks,_Assad_denies_claim-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maliki_blames_Syria_for_attacks,_Assad_denies_claim_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20090901-maliki-blames-syria-attacks-assad-denies-claim-">"Maliki blames Syria for attacks, Assad denies claim"</a>. 4 October 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128094743/http://www.france24.com/en/20090901-maliki-blames-syria-attacks-assad-denies-claim-">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maliki+blames+Syria+for+attacks%2C+Assad+denies+claim&rft.date=2009-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20090901-maliki-blames-syria-attacks-assad-denies-claim-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/farouk-al-sharaa-interview">Farouk Al-Sharaa Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210807062628/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/farouk-al-sharaa-interview">Archived</a> 7 August 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>SBS World News</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto2_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNance2014" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Nance" title="Malcolm Nance">Nance, Malcolm</a> (18 December 2014), <a href="/wiki/The_Terrorists_of_Iraq" title="The Terrorists of Iraq"><i>The Terrorists of Iraq: Inside the Strategy and Tactics of the Iraq</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Terrorists+of+Iraq%3A+Inside+the+Strategy+and+Tactics+of+the+Iraq&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Nance&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10065919/Izzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html">"Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri: the King of Clubs is back, and he may yet prove to be Saddam Hussein's trump card"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. 18 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190516021417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10065919/Izzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri%3A+the+King+of+Clubs+is+back%2C+and+he+may+yet+prove+to+be+Saddam+Hussein%27s+trump+card&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F10065919%2FIzzat-Ibrahim-al-Douri-the-King-of-Clubs-is-back-and-he-may-yet-prove-to-be-Saddam-Husseins-trump-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Youtube-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Youtube_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taBkj3Cx5MY">"Al-Douri's full statement on YouTube (arabic)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 8 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527013026/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taBkj3Cx5MY">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Al-Douri%27s+full+statement+on+YouTube+%28arabic%29&rft.date=2012-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtaBkj3Cx5MY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ass._Press-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ass._Press_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iHvZTitkDdnRb-xwBTOAG3BEjQEA?docId=4c07f66ed6b4438dbbc5c15685666fb4">"Iraq: Video appears to show top Saddam deputy"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq%3A+Video+appears+to+show+top+Saddam+deputy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5iHvZTitkDdnRb-xwBTOAG3BEjQEA%3FdocId%3D4c07f66ed6b4438dbbc5c15685666fb4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/06/world/middleeast/baath-party-leader-encourages-sunni-protests-in-iraq.html">"Baath Leader Urges Sunnis to Protest Iraqi Premier"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 5 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630140516/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/06/world/middleeast/baath-party-leader-encourages-sunni-protests-in-iraq.html?_r=1&">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Baath+Leader+Urges+Sunnis+to+Protest+Iraqi+Premier&rft.date=2013-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F01%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fbaath-party-leader-encourages-sunni-protests-in-iraq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Jan-05/201040-fugitive-saddam-era-vp-backs-iraq-demos-in-video.ashx#axzz2H7of3Wlb">"Fugitive Saddam-era VP backs Iraq demos in video"</a>. <i>The Daily Star Lebanon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130106091635/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Jan-05/201040-fugitive-saddam-era-vp-backs-iraq-demos-in-video.ashx#axzz2H7of3Wlb">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Fugitive+Saddam-era+VP+backs+Iraq+demos+in+video&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2013%2FJan-05%2F201040-fugitive-saddam-era-vp-backs-iraq-demos-in-video.ashx%23axzz2H7of3Wlb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125903/http://www.ninanews.com/english/News_Details.asp?ar95_VQ=GFHEGI">"Nephew of Izzat Al-Douri arrested"</a>. National Iraq News Agency (NINA). 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Baghdad: Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405210850/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iraq-politics-idUSBRE93H0BU20130418">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraqi+forces+hunt+Saddam%27s+former+deputy&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft.aulast=al-Salhy&rft.aufirst=Suadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iraq-politics-idUSBRE93H0BU20130418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArango2014" class="citation news cs1">Arango, Tim (19 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/world/middleeast/former-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html">"Former Loyalists of Saddam Hussein Crucial in Helping ISIS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328231425/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/19/world/middleeast/former-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Former+Loyalists+of+Saddam+Hussein+Crucial+in+Helping+ISIS&rft.date=2014-06-19&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F06%2F19%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fformer-loyalists-of-saddam-hussein-crucial-in-helping-isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel2014" class="citation news cs1">Siegel, Jacob (18 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140709004202/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/18/someone-is-spilling-isis-s-secrets-on-twitter.html">"Someone Is Spilling ISIS's Secrets on Twitter"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/06/18/someone-is-spilling-isis-s-secrets-on-twitter.html">the original</a> on 9 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Someone+Is+Spilling+ISIS%27s+Secrets+on+Twitter&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F06%2F18%2Fsomeone-is-spilling-isis-s-secrets-on-twitter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDettmer2015" class="citation news cs1">Dettmer, Jamie (17 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/17/he-served-saddam-he-served-isis-now-al-douri-may-be-dead.html">"He Served Saddam. He Served ISIS. Now Al Douri May Be Dead"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423130444/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/04/17/he-served-saddam-he-served-isis-now-al-douri-may-be-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=He+Served+Saddam.+He+Served+ISIS.+Now+Al+Douri+May+Be+Dead.&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft.aulast=Dettmer&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2Fhe-served-saddam-he-served-isis-now-al-douri-may-be-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Islamic_State-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Islamic_State_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713102203/http://soufangroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/TSG-The-Islamic-State-Nov14.pdf">"The Islamic State"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Soufan+Group&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoufangroup.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F10%2FTSG-The-Islamic-State-Nov14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/12/world/middleeast/iraq.html">"Iraq Militants, Pushing South, Aim at Capital"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 12 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722015838/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/12/world/middleeast/iraq.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.shafaaq.com/index.php/politics/10630-baath-in-iraq-declares-war-on-isis">the original</a> on 22 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baath+in+Iraq+declares+war+on+ISIS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.shafaaq.com%2Findex.php%2Fpolitics%2F10630-baath-in-iraq-declares-war-on-isis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aymennjawad.org/2014/08/naqshbandi-army-statement-7-august-analysis">"Naqshbandi Army Statement – 7 August: Analysis and Translation"</a>. 7 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323080240/http://www.aymennjawad.org/2014/08/naqshbandi-army-statement-7-august-analysis">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naqshbandi+Army+Statement+%26ndash%3B+7+August%3A+Analysis+and+Translation&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aymennjawad.org%2F2014%2F08%2Fnaqshbandi-army-statement-7-august-analysis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMellorRinnawi2016" class="citation book cs1">Mellor, Noha; Rinnawi, Khalil (10 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m7RTDAAAQBAJ"><i>Political Islam and Global Media: The boundaries of religious identity</i></a>. Routledge. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-26709-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-26709-6"><bdi>978-1-317-26709-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Islam+and+Global+Media%3A+The+boundaries+of+religious+identity&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft.isbn=978-1-317-26709-6&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Noha&rft.au=Rinnawi%2C+Khalil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm7RTDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151007074236/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/18670-al-douri-criticises-isis-iran-hails-operation-decisive-storm">"Al-Douri criticises ISIS, Iran, hails Operation Decisive Storm"</a>. <i>Middle East Monitor</i>. 16 May 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Al-Douri+criticises+ISIS%2C+Iran%2C+hails+Operation+Decisive+Storm&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F18670-al-douri-criticises-isis-iran-hails-operation-decisive-storm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeurink2015" class="citation news cs1">Neurink, Judit (5 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-on-isis-iraq-seeks-sunni-militia-support-for-fight-against-islamic-state-a6680926.html">"War on Isis: Iraq seeks Sunni militia support for fight against Islamic State"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. Erbil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011172118/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-on-isis-iraq-seeks-sunni-militia-support-for-fight-against-islamic-state-a6680926.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=War+on+Isis%3A+Iraq+seeks+Sunni+militia+support+for+fight+against+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.aulast=Neurink&rft.aufirst=Judit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwar-on-isis-iraq-seeks-sunni-militia-support-for-fight-against-islamic-state-a6680926.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFالعراقي_الاسطورة_22016" class="citation web cs1">العراقي الاسطورة 2 (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubxuunGU008&nohtml5=False">"خطاب القائدالمهيب الركن عزة ابراهيم الدوري بمناسبة الذكرى 69لتأسيس حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170311000556/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubxuunGU008&nohtml5=False">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2016</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89+69%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A.&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.au=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DubxuunGU008%26nohtml5%3DFalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/04/07/Saddam-s-top-aide-appears-calls-to-line-up-against-Iran.html">"Saddam's top aide appears, criticizes US on Iran"</a>. <i>english.alarabiya.net</i>. 7 April 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624035647/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/04/07/Saddam-s-top-aide-appears-calls-to-line-up-against-Iran.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.alarabiya.net&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+top+aide+appears%2C+criticizes+US+on+Iran&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2FSaddam-s-top-aide-appears-calls-to-line-up-against-Iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2016" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (7 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/07/saddams-former-deputy-resurfaces-a-year-after-he-was-killed/">"Saddam's former deputy resurfaces a year after he was 'killed'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180625103602/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/07/saddams-former-deputy-resurfaces-a-year-after-he-was-killed/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+former+deputy+resurfaces+a+year+after+he+was+%27killed%27&rft.date=2016-04-07&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F04%2F07%2Fsaddams-former-deputy-resurfaces-a-year-after-he-was-killed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKCN0X42GS">"Video suggests aide to Iraq's Saddam may still be alive"</a>. Reuters. 7 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013221712/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKCN0X42GS">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+suggests+aide+to+Iraq%27s+Saddam+may+still+be+alive&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKCN0X42GS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=gppSidAV6jU">"YouTube"</a>. <i>YouTube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Ftime_continue%3D1%26v%3DgppSidAV6jU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorporation" class="citation web cs1">Corporation, Nalia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrttv.com/ar/detail3/1534">"سياسي عراقي يفجر مفاجأة ويلتقي بـ 'عزت الدوري' داخل العراق ويكشف عن مكانه الحقيقي"</a>. <i>nrttv.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nrttv.com&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A3%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D9%80+%27%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%27+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A&rft.aulast=Corporation&rft.aufirst=Nalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrttv.com%2Far%2Fdetail3%2F1534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/12/iraq.ewenmacaskill">"Saddam's former deputy reported dead as Sunnis start to sign up for Iraq poll"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 12 November 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105000309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/nov/12/iraq.ewenmacaskill">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saddam%27s+former+deputy+reported+dead+as+Sunnis+start+to+sign+up+for+Iraq+poll&rft.date=2005-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fnov%2F12%2Firaq.ewenmacaskill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/iraq-checks-claims-saddam-deputy-izzat-ibrahim-al-155451649.html">"Iraq testing body of suspected Saddam VP"</a>. Agence France-Presse. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420053738/http://news.yahoo.com/iraq-checks-claims-saddam-deputy-izzat-ibrahim-al-155451649.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+testing+body+of+suspected+Saddam+VP&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Firaq-checks-claims-saddam-deputy-izzat-ibrahim-al-155451649.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fox_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/saddam-husseins-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation/">"Saddam Hussein's former top aide killed in Iraq military operation"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418070847/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/17/saddam-hussein-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation/?intcmp=trending">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+former+top+aide+killed+in+Iraq+military+operation&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fsaddam-husseins-former-top-aide-killed-in-iraq-military-operation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-killed-117079.html?hp=r3_3">"Iraq's King of Clubs crossed out"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418101549/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-killed-117079.html?hp=r3_3">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Iraq%27s+King+of+Clubs+crossed+out&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2015%2F04%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-killed-117079.html%3Fhp%3Dr3_3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKBN0NA10T20150419">"Iraqi Shi'ite militia says DNA tests prove Saddam aide dead"</a>. Reuters. 19 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190519223755/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKBN0NA10T20150419">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Shi%27ite+militia+says+DNA+tests+prove+Saddam+aide+dead&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-iraq-douri-idUSKBN0NA10T20150419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423020609/http://www.radiosawa.com/content/iraq-dourri-sadam-hussein/269383.html">"Iraqi government received the body of who is thought to be Izzat al-Douri"</a> (in Arabic). Radio Sawa. 20 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiosawa.com/content/iraq-dourri-sadam-hussein/269383.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iraqi+government+received+the+body+of+who+is+thought+to+be+Izzat+al-Douri&rft.date=2015-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosawa.com%2Fcontent%2Firaq-dourri-sadam-hussein%2F269383.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423034245/http://www.mustaqila.com/news/157357.html">"Ministry of Health starts the DNA tests on Izzat al-Douri's body"</a> (in Arabic). Independent Press Agency. 21 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mustaqila.com/news/157357.html">the original</a> on 23 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ministry+of+Health+starts+the+DNA+tests+on+Izzat+al-Douri%27s+body&rft.date=2015-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mustaqila.com%2Fnews%2F157357.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/04/17/Key-Saddam-aide-and-ISIS-commander-Ezzat-al-Douri-killed.html">"Top Saddam aide Izzat al-Douri reportedly killed"</a>. Al Arabiya News. 17 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420200314/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/04/17/Key-Saddam-aide-and-ISIS-commander-Ezzat-al-Douri-killed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Saddam+aide+Izzat+al-Douri+reportedly+killed&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya+News&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2FKey-Saddam-aide-and-ISIS-commander-Ezzat-al-Douri-killed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/iraq-lacks-dna-results-test-body-saddam-deputy-183918125.html">"Iraq lacks DNA results to test body of 'Saddam deputy'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 24 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427065655/http://news.yahoo.com/iraq-lacks-dna-results-test-body-saddam-deputy-183918125.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraq+lacks+DNA+results+to+test+body+of+%27Saddam+deputy%27&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Firaq-lacks-dna-results-test-body-saddam-deputy-183918125.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqtradelinknews.com/2015/04/baghdad-iraq-tradelink-iraqi-health.html">"Lack of "basic DNA samples" to check Douri's dead body, Ministry"</a>. Iraq tradelink news. 24 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518070149/http://www.iraqtradelinknews.com/2015/04/baghdad-iraq-tradelink-iraqi-health.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lack+of+%22basic+DNA+samples%22+to+check+Douri%27s+dead+body%2C+Ministry&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqtradelinknews.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fbaghdad-iraq-tradelink-iraqi-health.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/250420153">"Official: Iraq lacks DNA to identify body of Izzat Douri"</a>. Rudaw. 24 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182554/http://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/250420153">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Official%3A+Iraq+lacks+DNA+to+identify+body+of+Izzat+Douri&rft.date=2015-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frudaw.net%2Fenglish%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F250420153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-record-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-record_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/05/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-refutes-reports-of-his-death.php">"Izzat Ibrahim al Douri emerges in new audiotape"</a>. <i>Long War Journal</i>. 17 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211191912/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/05/izzat-ibrahim-al-douri-refutes-reports-of-his-death.php">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2016</span>. <q>According to The Guardian, Al Douri commented on the deployment of Shiite militias in Nukhayb: 'Nukhayb represents a strategic position for Iran inside Iraq, and one of the aims of occupying Nukhayb is to open a front against Saudi Arabia.' The deployment of these militias happened after he was reported killed on 17 Apr..</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Izzat+Ibrahim+al+Douri+emerges+in+new+audiotape&rft.date=2015-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2015%2F05%2Fizzat-ibrahim-al-douri-refutes-reports-of-his-death.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iraqinews.com/features/saddam-husseins-daughter-mourns-fathers-deputy-douri-source/">"Saddam Hussein's daughter mourns father's deputy Douri: source"</a>. 21 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180629183055/https://www.iraqinews.com/features/saddam-husseins-daughter-mourns-fathers-deputy-douri-source/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+daughter+mourns+father%27s+deputy+Douri%3A+source&rft.date=2018-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqinews.com%2Ffeatures%2Fsaddam-husseins-daughter-mourns-fathers-deputy-douri-source%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-54693629">"عزة الدوري المطارد منذ 17 عاماَ "يرحل" بهدوء"</a>. <i>BBC</i> (in Arabic). 26 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101044612/https://www.bbc.com/arabic/middleeast-54693629">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B0+17+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8E+%22%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%22+%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A1&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Farabic%2Fmiddleeast-54693629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201026-saddam-husseins-aide-izzat-al-douri-dies-in-iraq/">"Saddam Hussein's aide Izzat Al-Douri dies in Iraq"</a>. Middle East Monitor. 26 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030000028/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20201026-saddam-husseins-aide-izzat-al-douri-dies-in-iraq/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saddam+Hussein%27s+aide+Izzat+Al-Douri+dies+in+Iraq&rft.pub=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20201026-saddam-husseins-aide-izzat-al-douri-dies-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRghadSaddam2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">@RghadSaddam (26 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RghadSaddam/status/1320697823252406273">"أعزي نفسي وكل العراقيين عمّي الغالي الرفيق المناضل عزة إبراهيم الدوري"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Arabic) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A+%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%88%D9%83%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%91%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&rft.date=2020-10-26&rft.au=RghadSaddam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRghadSaddam%2Fstatus%2F1320697823252406273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIzzat+Ibrahim+al-Douri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-led_faction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-led faction)">Ba'ath Party</a> </b><br />2006–2020 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Salah_Al-Mukhtar" title="Salah Al-Mukhtar">Salah Al-Mukhtar</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izzat_Ibrahim_al-Douri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ba%27ath_Party" title="Template:Ba'ath Party"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ba%27ath_Party" title="Template talk:Ba'ath Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ba%27ath_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ba'ath Party"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_Socialist_Ba&#039;ath_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;;background:#017B48;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraqi-dominated faction</span></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syrian-dominated faction</span></a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="History of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">History</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Committee_to_Help_Iraq" title="Syrian Committee to Help Iraq">Syrian Committee to Help Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Pre-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_for_the_Revolutionary_Command" title="National Council for the Revolutionary Command">National Council for the Revolutionary Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar-Rashid_revolt" title="Ar-Rashid revolt">Ar-Rashid revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Hama_riot" title="1964 Hama riot">1964 Hama riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Post-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Command_Council_(Iraq)" title="Revolutionary Command Council (Iraq)">Revolutionary Command Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Revolutionary_Command_Council_under_Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="List of members of the Revolutionary Command Council under Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Belt">Arab Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Arabization_campaigns_in_northern_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq">Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assadist%E2%80%93Saddamist_conflict" title="Assadist–Saddamist conflict">Assadist–Saddamist conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Campaign" title="Faith Campaign">Faith Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">De-Ba'athification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_archives" title="Ba'ath Party archives">Ba'ath Party archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Pre-split</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraqi-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Al-Mukhtar" title="Salah Al-Mukhtar">Salah Al-Mukhtar</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syrian-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar <small><i>(de facto)</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Regional Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Jordan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Homsi" title="Akram al-Homsi">Akram al-Homsi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assem_Qanso" title="Assem Qanso">Assem Qanso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Majid_al-Rafei" title="Abd al-Majid al-Rafei">Abd al-Majid al-Rafei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isam_al-Qadi" title="Isam al-Qadi">Isam al-Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakad_Salem" title="Rakad Salem">Rakad Salem</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammud_al-Shufi" title="Hammud al-Shufi">Hammud al-Shufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_National_Command_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Members</span></a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Command_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="National Command of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">National Command</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_Khalaf_Abbas" title="Hadiya Khalaf Abbas">Hadiya Khalaf Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Ayyoub" title="Ali Abdullah Ayyoub">Ali Abdullah Ayyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Farah" title="Elias Farah">Elias Farah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakem_Al-Fayez" title="Hakem Al-Fayez">Hakem Al-Fayez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahib_al-Ghanim" title="Wahib al-Ghanim">Wahib al-Ghanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_al-Hawrani" title="Akram al-Hawrani">Akram al-Hawrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munif_Razzaz" title="Munif Razzaz">Munif Razzaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Yashruti" title="Khaled Yashruti">Khaled Yashruti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Members of the Regional Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humam_Abd_al-Khaliq_Abd_al-Ghafur" title="Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur">Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanim_Abdul-Jalil" title="Ghanim Abdul-Jalil">Ghanim Abdul-Jalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Abdul-Majid" title="Saad Abdul-Majid">Saad Abdul-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mustafa_Abdullah" title="Jamal Mustafa Abdullah">Jamal Mustafa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Younis_al-Ahmed" title="Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed">Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Omar_al-Ali" title="Salah Omar al-Ali">Salah Omar al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Salih Mahdi Ammash">Salih Mahdi Ammash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Al-Awadi" title="Hussein Al-Awadi">Hussein Al-Awadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdullah_Mahdi_Al-Douri" title="Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri">Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadoun_Ghaidan" title="Saadoun Ghaidan">Saadoun Ghaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadil_Mahmud_Gharib" title="Fadil Mahmud Gharib">Fadil Mahmud Gharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dun_Hammadi" title="Sa'dun Hammadi">Sa'dun Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qusay_Hussein" title="Qusay Hussein">Qusay Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latif_Nassif_Jassim" title="Latif Nassif Jassim">Latif Nassif Jassim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Taan_Kazim" title="Rashid Taan Kazim">Rashid Taan Kazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Khayr_Allah" title="Adnan Khayr Allah">Adnan Khayr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyi_Abdul-Hussein_Mashhadi" title="Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi">Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Saleh_Al-Numan" title="Aziz Saleh Al-Numan">Aziz Saleh Al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Hamoud_Al-Obaidi" title="Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi">Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_Mutlaq_al-Rawi" title="Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi">Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_al-Rifai" title="Rashid al-Rifai">Rashid al-Rifai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Salih_al-Sa%27di" title="Ali Salih al-Sa'di">Ali Salih al-Sa'di</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Baqi_Abd_Karim_Al-Sadun" title="Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun">Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zimam_al-Sadun" title="Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun">Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Khaliq_al-Samarra%27i" title="Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i">Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Sallum_al-Samarra%27i" title="Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i">Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talib_El-Shibib" title="Talib El-Shibib">Talib El-Shibib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Shindakh_Thamer" title="Nayef Shindakh Thamer">Nayef Shindakh Thamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamis_Sirhan" title="Khamis Sirhan">Khamis Sirhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardan_al-Tikriti" title="Hardan al-Tikriti">Hardan al-Tikriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Abdallah_al-Ubaydi" title="Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi">Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Yahya" title="Tahir Yahya">Tahir Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Shuaib" title="Musa Shuaib">Musa Shuaib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadiya_Khalaf_Abbas" title="Hadiya Khalaf Abbas">Hadiya Khalaf Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Ahmar" title="Abdullah al-Ahmar">Abdullah al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Arnous" title="Hussein Arnous">Hussein Arnous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_al-Aysami" title="Shibli al-Aysami">Shibli al-Aysami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Ayyoub" title="Ali Abdullah Ayyoub">Ali Abdullah Ayyoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Saeed_Bekheitan" title="Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan">Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsen_Bilal" title="Muhsen Bilal">Muhsen Bilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Dakhlallah" title="Mahdi Dakhlallah">Mahdi Dakhlallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Diyab" title="Ahmad Diyab">Ahmad Diyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Duba" title="Ali Duba">Ali Duba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Habash" title="Marwan Habash">Marwan Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Hadid" title="Ibrahim al-Hadid">Ibrahim al-Hadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Halabi" title="Muhammad Ali al-Halabi">Muhammad Ali al-Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Badr_Hassan" title="Adnan Badr Hassan">Adnan Badr Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Hatum" title="Salim Hatum">Salim Hatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilal_Hilal" title="Hilal Hilal">Hilal Hilal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_al-Hussein" title="Mohammad al-Hussein">Mohammad al-Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Ikhtiyar" title="Hisham Ikhtiyar">Hisham Ikhtiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Karim_al-Jundi" title="Abdul-Karim al-Jundi">Abdul-Karim al-Jundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sami_al-Jundi" title="Sami al-Jundi">Sami al-Jundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_al-Kasm" title="Abdul Rauf al-Kasm">Abdul Rauf al-Kasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_Khamis" title="Imad Khamis">Imad Khamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Khatib" title="Ahmad al-Khatib">Ahmad al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Khleifawi" title="Abdul Rahman Khleifawi">Abdul Rahman Khleifawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Jihad_al-Laham" title="Mohammad Jihad al-Laham">Mohammad Jihad al-Laham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Makhous" title="Ibrahim Makhous">Ibrahim Makhous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuhair_Masharqa" title="Zuhair Masharqa">Zuhair Masharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Mero" title="Muhammad Mustafa Mero">Muhammad Mustafa Mero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Qaddura" title="Abdul Qadir Qaddura">Abdul Qadir Qaddura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammouda_Sabbagh" title="Hammouda Sabbagh">Hammouda Sabbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farouk_al-Sharaa" title="Farouk al-Sharaa">Farouk al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_al-Shihabi" title="Hikmat al-Shihabi">Hikmat al-Shihabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammud_al-Shufi" title="Hammud al-Shufi">Hammud al-Shufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Tlass" title="Mustafa Tlass">Mustafa Tlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Turkmani" title="Hasan Turkmani">Hasan Turkmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Umran" title="Muhammad Umran">Muhammad Umran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Yasin" title="Salim Yasin">Salim Yasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Zuayyin" title="Yusuf Zuayyin">Yusuf Zuayyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ali_Ahmad_Nasser_al-Dhahab" title="Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab">Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Iraq" title="List of presidents of Iraq"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Syria" title="List of presidents of Syria"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Khatib" title="Ahmad al-Khatib">Ahmad al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam <small><i>(interim)</i></small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Heads of government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Iraq" title="List of prime ministers of Iraq"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iraq</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dun_Hammadi" title="Sa'dun Hammadi">Sa'dun Hammadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Husayn_Khudayir_as-Samarrai" title="Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai">Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Syria" title="List of prime ministers of Syria"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Syria</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Hafiz" title="Amin al-Hafiz">Amin al-Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Zuayyin" title="Yusuf Zuayyin">Yusuf Zuayyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nureddin_al-Atassi" title="Nureddin al-Atassi">Nureddin al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Khleifawi" title="Abdul Rahman Khleifawi">Abdul Rahman Khleifawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Ayyubi" title="Mahmoud al-Ayyubi">Mahmoud al-Ayyubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Halabi" title="Muhammad Ali al-Halabi">Muhammad Ali al-Halabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_al-Kasm" title="Abdul Rauf al-Kasm">Abdul Rauf al-Kasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Al-Zoubi" title="Mahmoud Al-Zoubi">Mahmoud Al-Zoubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mustafa_Mero" title="Muhammad Mustafa Mero">Muhammad Mustafa Mero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naji_al-Otari" title="Muhammad Naji al-Otari">Muhammad Naji al-Otari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adel_Safar" title="Adel Safar">Adel Safar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyad_Farid_Hijab" title="Riyad Farid Hijab">Riyad Farid Hijab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Ibrahim_Ghalawanji" title="Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji">Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wael_Nader_al-Halqi" title="Wael Nader al-Halqi">Wael Nader al-Halqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imad_Khamis" title="Imad Khamis">Imad Khamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_Arnous" title="Hussein Arnous">Hussein Arnous</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div>* = incumbent</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Organization" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organization_of_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Organization of the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Organization</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ba%27athist_regional_branches" title="Category:Ba'athist regional branches"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Regional branches</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Iraqi-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_of_Algeria" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Democratic_Assembly" title="Nationalist Democratic Assembly">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Egypt_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Egypt Region">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Regional Command</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Arab_Lebanon_Vanguard_Party" title="Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Libyan Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Vanguard_Party" title="National Vanguard Party">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Region_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Region of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Tunisian Ba'ath Movement">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="National Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Syrian-dominated faction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Progressive_Party" title="Arab Ba'ath Progressive Party">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Socialist Democratic Unionist Party">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Vanguard_Party_(South_Yemen)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Vanguard Party (South Yemen)">South Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Organization_of_Sudan" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Organization of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Command_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Central Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Central Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="History of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Bureau_of_the_Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="National Security Bureau of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">National Security Bureau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Yemen Region">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ba%27ath" title="Al-Ba'ath">Al-Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawt_al-Jamahir" title="Sawt al-Jamahir">Sawt al-Jamahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Thawra_(newspaper)" title="Al-Thawra (newspaper)">Al-Thawra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Popular fronts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Iraq)" title="National Progressive Front (Iraq)">National Progressive Front (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front (Syria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Brigades" title="Ba'ath Brigades">Ba'ath Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Battalions_(Iraq)" title="National Defense Battalions (Iraq)">National Defense Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Youth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Union" title="Revolutionary Youth Union">Revolutionary Youth Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_associated_with_the_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Category:Organizations associated with the Ba'ath Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Associated organizations</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Armed groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Army" title="Free Iraqi Army">Free Iraqi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Jeish Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionists" title="Rejectionists">Rejectionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_Party" title="Snake Party">Snake Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ba%27ath_Party_breakaway_groups" title="Category:Ba'ath Party breakaway groups"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Breakaway groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolutionary_Workers_Party" title="Arab Revolutionary Workers Party">Arab Revolutionary Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement_(Damascus_branch)" title="Arab Socialist Movement (Damascus branch)">Damascus branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Revolutionary_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Toilers%27_Movement" title="Arabic Toilers' Movement">Arabic Toilers' Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Arab_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party">Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arab_Front" title="Palestinian Arab Front">Palestinian Arab Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Lebanon" title="Socialist Lebanon">Socialist Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Ba%27ath_Party" title="Sudanese Ba'ath Party">Sudanese Ba'ath Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Political alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Palestinian_Forces" title="Alliance of Palestinian Forces">Alliance of Palestinian Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forces_of_Freedom_and_Change" title="Forces of Freedom and Change">Forces of Freedom and Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8_Alliance" title="March 8 Alliance">March 8 Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Consensus_Forces" title="National Consensus Forces">National Consensus Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Sudan)" title="National Democratic Alliance (Sudan)">National Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_and_Islamic_Forces" title="Palestinian National and Islamic Forces">Palestinian National and Islamic Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahd_Bloc" title="Ahd Bloc">Ahd Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_of_Patriotic_and_National_Parties" title="Front of Patriotic and National Parties">Front of Patriotic and National Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Resistance_Front" title="Lebanese National Resistance Front">Lebanese National Resistance Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Alliance_for_the_Liberation_of_Syria" title="National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria">National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Front_(Iraq)" title="National Union Front (Iraq)">National Union Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Alliance" title="Palestinian National Alliance">Palestinian National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Salvation_Front" title="Palestinian National Salvation Front">Palestinian National Salvation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Democratic_Union_Party" title="Arab Democratic Union Party">Arab Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Socialist Unionist Party">Democratic Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Revolutionary_Party" title="Kurdistan Revolutionary Party">Kurdistan Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Movement" title="Libyan National Movement">Libyan National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant_Party" title="National Covenant Party">National Covenant Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Party_(Iraq)" title="Popular Unity Party (Iraq)">Popular Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawab_(Mauritania)" title="Sawab (Mauritania)">Sawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Unionists" title="Social Democratic Unionists">Social Democratic Unionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unionist_Party_(Syria)" title="Socialist Unionist Party (Syria)">Socialist Unionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party" title="Syrian Communist Party">Syrian Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Bakdash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Unified)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Unified)">Unified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Other organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Federation_of_Trade_Unions_(Syria)" title="General Federation of Trade Unions (Syria)">General Federation of Trade Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Peasants" title="General Union of Peasants">General Union of Peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Syrian_Women" title="General Union of Syrian Women">General Union of Syrian Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#017B48;color:white;"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddamism" title="Saddamism">Saddamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#017B48; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardulfurataini" title="Ardulfurataini">Arḍ ul-Furātayn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" title="Template:U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" title="Template talk:U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._list_of_most-wanted_Iraqis" title="U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis">U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">playing cards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spades ♠</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">Ali Hassan al-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Hamza_Zubeidi" title="Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi">Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ahmad_Abd_al-Sattar" title="Ibrahim Ahmad Abd al-Sattar">Ibrahim Ahmad Abd al-Sattar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raja_Shalah" title="Hamid Raja Shalah">Hamid Raja Shalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukan_Razuki_Abd_al-Ghafar" title="Rukan Razuki Abd al-Ghafar">Rukan Razuki Abd al-Ghafar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Dhiyab" title="Mahmud Dhiyab">Mahmud Dhiyab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amer_Mohammad_Rashid" title="Amer Mohammad Rashid">Amer Mohammad Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watban_Ibrahim" title="Watban Ibrahim">Watban Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zimam_Abd_Al-Razzaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zimam Abd Al-Razzaq">Muhammad Zimam Abd Al-Razzaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Abdul-Majid" title="Saad Abdul-Majid">Saad Abdul-Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Taan_Kazim" title="Rashid Taan Kazim">Rashid Taan Kazim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs ♣</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qusay_Hussein" title="Qusay Hussein">Qusay Hussein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Mustafa_Abdullah" title="Kamal Mustafa Abdullah">Kamal Mustafa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_Al-Din_Al-Rawi" title="Saif Al-Din Al-Rawi">Saif Al-Din Al-Rawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latif_Nassif_Jassim" title="Latif Nassif Jassim">Latif Nassif Jassim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Mustafa_Abdullah" title="Jamal Mustafa Abdullah">Jamal Mustafa Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Hamid_Tawfiq" title="Walid Hamid Tawfiq">Walid Hamid Tawfiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Futayyih" title="Iyad Futayyih">Iyad Futayyih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hossam_Mohammed_Amin" title="Hossam Mohammed Amin">Hossam Mohammed Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzan_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Abdul_Aziz_al-Najim" title="Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim">Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayf_al-Din_Al-Mashhadani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayf al-Din Al-Mashhadani (page does not exist)">Sayf al-Din Al-Mashhadani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugla_Abid_Saqr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugla Abid Saqr (page does not exist)">Ugla Abid Saqr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="color:red;">Hearts ♥</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Hussein" title="Uday Hussein">Uday Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hani_Abd_Latif_Tilfah" title="Hani Abd Latif Tilfah">Hani Abd Latif Tilfah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzan_Abdul_Ghafoor_Sulaiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Barzan Abdul Ghafoor Sulaiman">Barzan Abdul Ghafoor Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Abd_Latif_Tilfah" title="Rafi Abd Latif Tilfah">Rafi Abd Latif Tilfah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Tawab_Mullah_Huwaysh" title="Abd al-Tawab Mullah Huwaysh">Abd al-Tawab Mullah Huwaysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizban_Khadr_al-Hadi" title="Mizban Khadr al-Hadi">Mizban Khadr al-Hadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Hashim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Hashim">Sultan Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuhayr_Talib_Abd_al-Sattar_al-Naqib" title="Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib">Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mahdi_Salih" title="Muhammad Mahdi Salih">Muhammad Mahdi Salih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humam_Abd_al-Khaliq_Abd_al-Ghafur" title="Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur">Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadil_Mahmud_Gharib" title="Fadil Mahmud Gharib">Fadil Mahmud Gharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_Hammud" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghazi Hammud">Ghazi Hammud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="color:red;">Diamonds ♦</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abid_Hamid_Mahmud" title="Abid Hamid Mahmud">Abid Hamid Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Saleh_Al-Numan" title="Aziz Saleh Al-Numan">Aziz Saleh Al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzahim_Saab_Hassan" title="Muzahim Saab Hassan">Muzahim Saab Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_Jalil_Habbush" title="Tahir Jalil Habbush">Tahir Jalil Habbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Yassin_Ramadan" title="Taha Yassin Ramadan">Taha Yassin Ramadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taha_Muhie-eldin_Marouf" title="Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf">Taha Muhie-eldin Marouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikmat_Mizban_Ibrahim" title="Hikmat Mizban Ibrahim">Hikmat Mizban Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Hamudi_Hasan_al-Sadi" title="Amir Hamudi Hasan al-Sadi">Amir Hamudi Hasan al-Sadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabawi_Ibrahim_al-Tikriti" title="Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti">Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al-Baqi_Abd_Karim_Al-Sadun" title="Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun">Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Abdallah_al-Ubaydi" title="Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi">Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Khidr_al-Khafaji" title="Muhsin Khidr al-Khafaji">Muhsin Khidr al-Khafaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adil_Abdallah_Mahdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Abdallah Mahdi">Adil Abdallah Mahdi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nayif_Shindakh_Thamir" class="mw-redirect" title="Nayif Shindakh Thamir">Nayif Shindakh Thamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_al-Awadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayn al-Awadi">Husayn al-Awadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamis_Sirhan" title="Khamis Sirhan">Khamis Sirhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462061#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462061#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462061#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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