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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Writing system and script movement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_system_and_script_movement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing system and script movement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_system_and_script_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boro_Script_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boro_Script_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Boro Script Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boro_Script_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_Acceptance_of_Devanagari_script" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_Acceptance_of_Devanagari_script"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Final Acceptance of Devanagari script</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_Acceptance_of_Devanagari_script-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diphthongs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diphthongs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Diphthongs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diphthongs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Tones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Grammar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sentence_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentence_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sentence structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentence_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vocabulary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sample_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sample_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sample text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sample_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boro language (India)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo" title="Bodo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bodo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बोड़ो भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बोड़ो भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة البودووية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة البودووية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="বড়ো ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বড়ো ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_bodo" title="Idioma bodo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma bodo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_dili" title="Bodo dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bodo dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بودو دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بودو دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="বোড়ো ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোড়ো ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodoeg" title="Bodoeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bodoeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_(Sprache)" title="Bodo (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bodo (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_keel" title="Bodo keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bodo keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_bodo" title="Idioma bodo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma bodo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodoa_lingvo" title="Bodoa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bodoa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="زبان بودو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان بودو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo" title="Bodo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bodo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="બોડો ભાષા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોડો ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%96%B4" title="보도어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보도어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बोड़ो भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोड़ो भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_(tibetsko-burmanski_jezik)" title="Bodo (tibetsko-burmanski jezik) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bodo (tibetsko-burmanski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bodo" title="Bahasa Bodo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Bodo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_bodo" title="Lingua bodo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua bodo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="בודו (שפה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בודו (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಬೊಡೊ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೊಡೊ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kibodo_(Uhindi)" title="Kibodo (Uhindi) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kibodo (Uhindi)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Бодо – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бодо" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Bodo" title="Lingua Bodo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Bodo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B" title="ബോഡോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോഡോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बोडो भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोडो भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="ბოდო (ნინა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოდო (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88" title="بودو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بودو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro_(taal)" title="Boro (taal) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boro (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बोडो भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बोडो भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%89%E8%AA%9E" title="ボド語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボド語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo" title="Bodo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bodo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AD%8B_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ବୋଡ଼ୋ ଭାଷା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୋଡ଼ୋ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_(%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4)" title="ਬੋਡੋ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਭਾਰਤ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਡੋ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ (ਭਾਰਤ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%88%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="بوڈو بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوڈو بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Bodo,_India" title="Lenga Bodo, India – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Bodo, India" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_(Spraak)" title="Bodo (Spraak) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bodo (Spraak)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_bodo" title="Język bodo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język bodo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_bodo" title="Língua bodo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua bodo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Бодо (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бодо (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%B3_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱵᱳᱲᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱳᱲᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boro language (India)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%99%D9%88_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="بوڙو ٻولي (انڊيا) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بوڙو ٻولي (انڊيا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%AF%DB%86" title="زمانی بۆدۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی بۆدۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Бодо (језик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бодо (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_jezik" title="Bodo jezik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bodo jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodon_kieli" title="Bodon kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bodon kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Bodo (språk) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bodo (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Bodo" title="Wikang Bodo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Bodo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="போடோ மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போடோ மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Бодо теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бодо теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="బోడో భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోడో భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94" title="ภาษาโบโด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาโบโด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo" title="Bodo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bodo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Бодо (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бодо (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%91%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بوڑو زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بوڑو زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Bodo" title="Tiếng Bodo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Bodo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="博多语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="博多语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%87" title="波多文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波多文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A4%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="博多语 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="博多语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Bodo" title="Hata Bodo – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Bodo" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bodo" title="Bahasa Bodo – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Bodo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33223#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Boro+language%22+India">"Boro language" India</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Boro+language%22+India+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Boro+language%22+India&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Boro+language%22+India+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Boro+language%22+India">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Boro+language%22+India&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Boro</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Bodo</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">बरʼ</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg/200px-Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg/300px-Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg/400px-Bodo_Rao_in_Devanagari_script.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="38" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">The words <i>Boro Rao</i> (Boro language) written in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari script</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bodoland_Territorial_Region" title="Bodoland Territorial Region">Bodoland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1.4 million (2011 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman languages</a> (?)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Boroic_languages" title="Boroic languages">Boroic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Boro</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> (official)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nagari">Eastern Nagari</a> (contemporary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> (contemporary)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/brx" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:brx">brx</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bodo1269">bodo1269</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg/320px-Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg/480px-Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg/640px-Bodoland_Territorial_Area_Districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Map of Bodoland region where the primary spoken language is Bodo</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Boro</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (बरʼ<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">[bɔro]</a></span>), also rendered <b>Bodo</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan language</a> spoken primarily by the <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boros</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a> and the neighboring nations of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. It is an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, predominantly spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Bodoland_Territorial_Region" title="Bodoland Territorial Region">Bodoland Territorial Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also one of the twenty-two languages listed in the <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India#Schedule" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Eighth Schedule</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1975 the language has been written using the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script. It was formerly written using <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Nagari">Eastern-Nagari</a> scripts. Some scholars have suggested that the language used to have its own now lost script known as Deodhai. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As result of socio-political awakenings and movements launched by different Boro organisations since 1913, the language was introduced in 1963 as a medium of instruction in the primary schools in Boro dominated areas. Today, the Boro language serves as a medium of instruction up to the secondary level and it is an associated official language in the state of Assam. Boro language and literature have been offered as a post-graduate course at the <a href="/wiki/Gauhati_University" title="Gauhati University">University of Guwahati</a> since 1996. There are a large number of Boro books on poetry, drama, short stories, novels, biography, travelogues, children's literature, and literary criticism. Though there exists different dialects, the Western Boro dialect <i>Swnabari</i> form used around <a href="/wiki/Kokrajhar_district" title="Kokrajhar district">Kokrajhar district</a> has emerged as the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_system_and_script_movement">Writing system and script movement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writing system and script movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is reported that the Boro and the <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a> languages used a script called <i>Deodhai</i> that is no longer attested.<sup id="cite_ref-bhatta64_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bhatta64-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> was used first to write down the language, when a prayer book was published in 1843, and then extensively used by Endle beginning 1884 and in 1904, when the script was used to teach children. The first use of the Assamese/Bengali script occurred in 1915 (<i>Boroni Fisa o Ayen</i>) and the first magazine, <i>Bibar</i> (1924-1940) was tri-lingual in Boro, Assamese and Bengali, with Boro written in Assamese/Bengali script. In 1952, the Bodo Sahitya Sabha decided to use the Assamese script exclusively for the language.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963 Boro was introduced in schools as a medium of instruction, in which Assamese script was used.<sup id="cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Into the 1960s the Boro language was predominantly written in Assamese/Bengali script, though the Christian community continued to use Latin for Boro.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boro_Script_Movement">Boro Script Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boro Script Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Assamese_Language_Movement" title="Assamese Language Movement">Assamese Language Movement</a> in Assam peaking in the 1960s the Boro community felt threatened and decided to not use the Assamese script.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a series of proposals and expert committees the <a href="/wiki/Bodo_Sahitya_Sabha" title="Bodo Sahitya Sabha">Bodo Sahitya Sabha</a> reversed itself in 1970 and unanimously decided to adopt the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> for the language in its 11th annual conference.<sup id="cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BSS submitted this demand to the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Assam" title="Government of Assam">Assam Government</a> in 1971, which was rejected on the grounds that the Latin script was of foreign origin. This instigated a movement for the Latin script which became a part of the movement for a separate state, <i><a href="/wiki/Bodoland_Territorial_Region" title="Bodoland Territorial Region">Udayachal</a></i>, then led by the Plains Tribe Council of Assam (PTCA). In this context, the Boro leaders were advised by the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> to choose any Indian script other than Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In defiance of the Assam Government the BSS, in April 1974, went ahead and published <i>Bithorai</i>, a Boro textbook, in Latin script and asked school teachers to follow it.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retaliating against the unilateral decision, the Assam Government withheld grants to schools using the Latin script. This triggered a phase of active movement that was joined by the All Bodo Students' Union (ABSU) and the PTCA. This led to a critical situation in November 1974 when fifteen volunteers of the movement died in a police firing, and many others were injured. Unable to resolve the issue, the Assam Government referred the matter to the Union Government.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the discussion, the Union Government suggested <a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Devanagari script</a> as the solution to the problem, which the BSS accepted in the Memorandum of Understanding in April 1975, and adopted later year in the Annual Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ended the Boro Script Movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_Acceptance_of_Devanagari_script">Final Acceptance of Devanagari script</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Final Acceptance of Devanagari script"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg/220px-Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg/330px-Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg/440px-Bodo_language_textbooks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Boro-language textbooks for secondary schools written in Devanagari script</figcaption></figure> <p>The Devanagari script for Boro was an unexpected development and it was not immediately accepted by the wider Boro community.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The BSS failed to implement the use of the Devanagari script, and writers continued to use the Assamese/Bengali and Latin scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, ABSU included the demand of the Latin script in Boro schools in its charter of Demands. Following an expert committee report, constituted by BSS, the Bodoland Autonomous Council adopted a resolution to use Latin script in its territory, which the Assam Government too accepted. </p><p>Nevertheless, in the discussion with the <a href="/wiki/Bodo_Liberation_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo Liberation Tigers">Bodo Liberation Tigers</a>, the Union Government demanded the implementation of the earlier agreement with the BSS on the use of the Devanagari script if the Boro language was to be included in the Eighth Schedule of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Constitution">Indian Constitution</a>. Following this, the ABSU and the BSS <a href="/wiki/Surrendered" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrendered">surrendered</a> and agreed to use the Devanagari script exclusively, and the matter was settled. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kiryu (2012) suggests that the language of the Meche people and the Boro of Bengal are western dialects whereas the dialects in Assam are the eastern dialects of Boro. The western dialects differ in phonology and grammar but are mutually intelligible.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kokrajhar variety of the eastern dialects has been promoted as standard, at least for the eastern dialects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Boro_language_(India)" title="Special:EditPage/Boro language (India)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Boro language has a total of 30 phonemes: 6 vowels, 16 consonants, and 8 diphthongs—with a strong prevalence of the <a href="/wiki/High_back_unrounded_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High back unrounded vowel">high back unrounded vowel</a> /ɯ/. The Boro language use tones to distinguish words. There are three different tones: high, medium and low. The difference between high and low tones is apparent and quite common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 6 vowels in Boro. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span> </td> <td>i </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span> </td> <td>u </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span> </td> <td>w </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span> </td> <td>e </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span> </td> <td>o </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span> </td> <td>a </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>All vowels occur at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of syllables.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diphthongs">Diphthongs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diphthongs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Diphthongs </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span> </th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span> </th> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">i</span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iu</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eo</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ai</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ao</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">o</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oi</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">u</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ui</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯ</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯi</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɯu</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boro has 16 consonants. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>ROM </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Script</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span> </td> <td>m </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span> </td> <td>n </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span> </td> <td>ng </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span> </td> <td>ph </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span> </td> <td>th </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span> </td> <td>kh </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span> </td> <td>b </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d</span> </td> <td>d </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span> </td> <td>g </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span> </td> <td>s </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">z</span> </td> <td>z </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɦ</span> </td> <td>h </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Dental_and_alveolar_flaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental and alveolar flaps">Flap</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar trill">Trill</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span> ~ r </td> <td>r </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span> </td> <td>w </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span> </td> <td>y </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral</a></small> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span> </td> <td>l </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>The three voiceless aspirated stops, /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰ</span>/, are unreleased in syllable final position. Their unaspirated voiced counterparts are released and cannot occur word final position.</li> <li>Sometimes, /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>s</span>/ are pronounced as /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>g,<span class="wrap"> </span>z</span>/ respectively.</li> <li>The consonants /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d,<span class="wrap"> </span>m,<span class="wrap"> </span>n,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾ,<span class="wrap"> </span>l</span>/ can occur in all positions.</li> <li>The consonants /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>kʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>g,<span class="wrap"> </span>s,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɦ</span>/ cannot appear at the end of indigenous Boro words but occur in loanwords.</li> <li>The consonants /<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>j,<span class="wrap"> </span>w</span>/ cannot appear at the beginning of words.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tones">Tones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Boro is a <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal language</a>, changes in tone affect the meaning:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of high and low tone and difference in meaning </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>High </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Low </th> <th>Meaning </th></tr> <tr> <td>Buh </td> <td>to beat </td> <td>Bu </td> <td>to swell </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hah </td> <td>mud, to be able </td> <td>Ha </td> <td>to cut </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hahm </td> <td>to get thin </td> <td>Ham </td> <td>to get well </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gwdwh </td> <td>to sink </td> <td>Gwdw </td> <td>past </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jah </td> <td>to eat </td> <td>Ja </td> <td>to be </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rahn </td> <td>to get dry </td> <td>Ran </td> <td>to divide </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentence_structure">Sentence structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sentence structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sentences in Boro consist of either a "Subject + Verb" or a "Subject + Object + Verb". </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of sentences in Boro<sup id="cite_ref-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject + Verb </th> <th>Subject + Object + Verb </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ang mwnthiya </td> <td>Laimwn ah Apple jadwng </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nijwm ah undudwng </td> <td>Nwng wngkham jabai? </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ang fɯibai </td> <td>Ang nɯkhɯo mɯzang mɯnɯ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bodo has a decimal system and counts to 10 with unique words, after which the number words combine to add to the larger number as shown in the chart below.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Numerals in Boro and Garo language comparison </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Number </th> <th>In Boro </th> <th>In English </th> <th>In Garo (A.chikku) </th></tr> <tr> <td>0 </td> <td>Latikho </td> <td>Zero </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Se </td> <td>One </td> <td>Sa </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Nwi </td> <td>Two </td> <td>Gni </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Tham </td> <td>Three </td> <td>Gittam </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Brwi </td> <td>Four </td> <td>Bri </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Ba </td> <td>Five </td> <td>Bonga </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Do </td> <td>Six </td> <td>Dok </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Sni </td> <td>Seven </td> <td>Sni </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Daen </td> <td>Eight </td> <td>Chet </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Gu </td> <td>Nine </td> <td>Sku </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Zi </td> <td>Ten </td> <td>Chikking </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Zi se </td> <td>Eleven </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>Zi nwi </td> <td>Twelve </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Zi tham </td> <td>Thirteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>Zi brwi </td> <td>Fourteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>Zi ba </td> <td>Fifteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>Zi do </td> <td>Sixteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>Zi sni </td> <td>Seventeen </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>Zi daen </td> <td>Eighteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>Zi gu </td> <td>Nineteen </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>Nwi zi </td> <td>Twenty </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>Tham Zi </td> <td>Thirty </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td>Brwi Zi </td> <td>Forty </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td>Ba Zi </td> <td>Fifty </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td>Do Zi </td> <td>Sixty </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td>Sni Zi </td> <td>Seventy </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td>Daen Zi </td> <td>Eighty </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td>Gu Zi </td> <td>Ninety </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td>Zause/ Se zau </td> <td>One Hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>200 </td> <td>Nwi zau </td> <td>Two Hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>300 </td> <td>Tham zau </td> <td>Three Hundred </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,000 </td> <td>Se Rwza </td> <td>One Thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>2,000 </td> <td>Nwi Rwza </td> <td>Two Thousand </td></tr> <tr> <td>10,000 </td> <td>Zi Rwza </td> <td>Ten Thousand </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boro is a compulsory subject till class 10 in tribal areas of Assam who do not want to study Assamese. The subject is mandatory in all schools including those under the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board of Secondary Education</a> (CBSE) and Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS). The legislation was passed in the assembly in August 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following is a sample text in Boro, of Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>, with a transliteration (IAST) and transcription (<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Boro in Devanagari Script</dt> <dd>गासै सुबुं आनो उदांयै मान सनमान आरो मोनथाय लाना जोनोम लायो। बिसोरो मोजां- गाज्रि सान्नो हानाय गोहो आरो सोलो दं। बिसोरो गावखौनो गाव बिदा फंबाय बायदि बाहाय लायनांगौ।</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Transliteration (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a>)</dt> <dd><i>Gāsai subuṁ āno udāṁyai mān sanmān āro monthāy lānā jonom lāyo. Bisorā mojāṁ-gājri sānno hānāy goho āro solo daṁ. Bisoro gāvkhauno gāv bidā phaṁbāy bāydi bāhāy lāynāṁgau.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Boro in Latin script</dt> <dd><i>Gaswi subung anw udangwi man sanman arw mwnthai lana jwnwm layw. Biswrw mwjang-gajri sannw hanai gwhw arw swlw dong. Biswrw gaokhwunw gao bida phongbai baidi bahai lainangwu.</i></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Translation (grammatical)</dt></dl> <dl><dd>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Sahitya_Sabha" title="Bodo Sahitya Sabha">Bodo Sahitya Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokborok language">Kokborok language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bodo-language_films" title="List of Bodo-language films">List of Bodo-language films</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20180627064326/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">"Census of India 2011: Language"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+2011%3A+Language&rft.pages=6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011Census%2FC-16_25062018_NEW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In terms of nomenclature, both Bodo and Boro are equally prevalent. The influential Bodo Sahitya Sabha (Bodo Literary Society) has approved the use of both Boro and Bodo to name the language. Many past and recent studies on the language like Burton-Page (1955), Bhat (1968), Bhattacharya (1977), Joseph and Burling (2001, 2006), Basumatary (2005), Boro (2007) and DeLancey (2010, 2011) have described the language as Boro. In this paper, we follow the name frequently used in these works on Boro and therefore use Boro." (<a href="#CITEREFDasMahanta2019">Das & Mahanta 2019</a>:1f)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Table 1 - LSI: Bodo; Modern name: Boro" (<a href="#CITEREFJaquesson2017">Jaquesson 2017</a>:101)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2020" class="citation news cs1">PTI (30 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/assam-assembly-accords-associate-official-language-status-to-bodo-2345750">"Assam Assembly Accords Associate Official Language Status To Bodo"</a>. <i>NDTV</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Assam+Assembly+Accords+Associate+Official+Language+Status+To+Bodo&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fassam-assembly-accords-associate-official-language-status-to-bodo-2345750&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislative.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/legislative_medhassu_in_oid_3/menu/document/the_assam_official_languageamendment_act_2020_assam_act_no.xi_of_2021.pdf">"THE ASSAM OFFICIAL LANGUAGE (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+ASSAM+OFFICIAL+LANGUAGE+%28AMENDMENT%29+ACT%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegislative.assam.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fswf_utility_folder%2Fdepartments%2Flegislative_medhassu_in_oid_3%2Fmenu%2Fdocument%2Fthe_assam_official_languageamendment_act_2020_assam_act_no.xi_of_2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/languages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constitution">"Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Languages+Included+in+the+Eighth+Schedule+of+the+Indian+Constitution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajbhasha.gov.in%2Fen%2Flanguages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RCILTS,_IIT_Guwahati_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050907205229/http://www.iitg.ernet.in/rcilts/boro.htm">"Boro language, RCILTS, IIT Guwahati"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iitg.ernet.in/rcilts/boro.htm">the original</a> on 7 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boro+language%2C+RCILTS%2C+IIT+Guwahati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iitg.ernet.in%2Frcilts%2Fboro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bhatta64-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bhatta64_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Bishnu Prasad Rabha, the famous Artist of Assam, told me that in ancient times there were a kind of Deodhai scripts among the Kacharis (Boros and Dimasas). Sri Rabha represented in writing the Deodhai alphabet as gathered from an informant in Dimapur which was noted for the Kachari reign and remains representing the art and architecture. As this form of Deodhai scripts is no longer in vogue, I leave the matter for further enlightenment." (<a href="#CITEREFBhattacharya1964">Bhattacharya 1964</a>:15–16)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1335–1336)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvcol|Sarmah|2014|p=1336_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1336)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBhattacharya1964">Bhattacharya 1964</a>:16)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Assamese language movement of 1960 had stirred up their keenness to have separate script other than the Assamese, preferably the Roman script." (<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1336)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1336–1337)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"On 22nd April, 1974 the Bodo Sahitya Sabha without the approval of the State Government adopted the Roman Script as the sole script for the Boro language. The Sabha declared its decision to introduce <i>Bithorai</i>, an elementary textbook written in the Roman script, in the school curriculum. The Sabha appealed to all the teachers of Boro medium primary schools to introduce the <i>Bithorai</i> in Class - 1 in their own." (<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1337)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1337)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The representatives of the Bodo Sahitya Sabha signed a memorandum with the Union Government on 9th April, 1975, agreeing to adopt the Devanagari script for the Bodo language." (<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1337)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1338)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The failure of the Bodo Sahitya Sabha to show sincerity on the implementation of Devanagari script in strict sense sent a wrong message to the younger generation. They thought that the adoption of the Devanagari script is a temporary arrangement. Taking the advantage, a group of Boro writers continued the use of Assamese and Roman scripts instead of practicing the Devanagari script in their writings." (<a href="#CITEREFSarmah2014">Sarmah 2014</a>:1338)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKiryu2012">Kiryu 2012</a>:10–11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMochari1985" class="citation book cs1">Mochari, Moniram (1985). <i>Bodo-English Dictionary</i>. Bengtol, Kokrajhar: The Bodo Catholic Youth Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bodo-English+Dictionary&rft.place=Bengtol%2C+Kokrajhar&rft.pub=The+Bodo+Catholic+Youth+Association&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Mochari&rft.aufirst=Moniram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrahma2009" class="citation web cs1">Brahma, Aleendra (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de/numeral/Bodo.htm">"Sino-Tibetan Languages: Bodo"</a>. <i>Numeral Systems of the World's Languages</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Numeral+Systems+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.atitle=Sino-Tibetan+Languages%3A+Bodo&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Brahma&rft.aufirst=Aleendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de%2Fnumeral%2FBodo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-to-make-assamese-mandatory-till-class-10-bodo-bengali-options-for-some/story-waCJyVrdUoaxsnhgQPpmbK.html">"Assam to make Assamese mandatory till Class 10; Bodo, Bengali options for some"</a>. <i>hindustantimes.com/</i>. 19 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422001854/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-to-make-assamese-mandatory-till-class-10-bodo-bengali-options-for-some/story-waCJyVrdUoaxsnhgQPpmbK.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=hindustantimes.com%2F&rft.atitle=Assam+to+make+Assamese+mandatory+till+Class+10%3B+Bodo%2C+Bengali+options+for+some&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fassam-to-make-assamese-mandatory-till-class-10-bodo-bengali-options-for-some%2Fstory-waCJyVrdUoaxsnhgQPpmbK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bodo.htm">"Bodo language and alphabet"</a>. <i>www.omniglot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Bodo+language+and+alphabet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fbodo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharya1964" class="citation thesis cs1">Bhattacharya, Pramod Chandra (1964). <i>A descriptive analysis of the Boro language</i> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F66710">10603/66710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+descriptive+analysis+of+the+Boro+language&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F66710&rft.aulast=Bhattacharya&rft.aufirst=Pramod+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrahma2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Brahma, Pratima (2014). <i>Phonology and morphology of Bodo and Dimasa: a comparative study</i> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F21160">10603/21160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Phonology+and+morphology+of+Bodo+and+Dimasa%3A+a+comparative+study&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F21160&rft.aulast=Brahma&rft.aufirst=Pratima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasMahanta2019" class="citation journal cs1">Das, Kalyan; Mahanta, Sakuntala (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fgjgl.758">"Intonational phonology of Boro"</a>. <i>Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics</i>. <b>4</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5334%2Fgjgl.758">10.5334/gjgl.758</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glossa%3A+A+Journal+of+General+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Intonational+phonology+of+Boro&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Fgjgl.758&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Kalyan&rft.au=Mahanta%2C+Sakuntala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5334%252Fgjgl.758&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaquesson2017" class="citation journal cs1">Jaquesson, François (2017). "The linguistic reconstruction of the past: The case of the Boro-Garo languages". <i>Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area</i>. <b>40</b> (1). Translated by van Breugel, Seino: 90–122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fltba.40.1.04van">10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Linguistics+of+the+Tibeto-Burman+Area&rft.atitle=The+linguistic+reconstruction+of+the+past%3A+The+case+of+the+Boro-Garo+languages&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=90-122&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fltba.40.1.04van&rft.aulast=Jaquesson&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Perumalsamy, P (2016) <i>Bodo</i> in 'Linguistic Survey of India: West Bengal Volume, Part-I' New Delhi: Office of the Registrar General India pp 496-570 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/34826">https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/34826</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarmah2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Sarmah, Priyankoo (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iitg.ac.in/priyankoo/personal/mphilthesis.pdf"><i>Some Aspects of the Tonal Phonology of Bodo</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (MPhil)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Some+Aspects+of+the+Tonal+Phonology+of+Bodo&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Sarmah&rft.aufirst=Priyankoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iitg.ac.in%2Fpriyankoo%2Fpersonal%2Fmphilthesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarmah2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sarmah, Satyendra Kumar (2014). "Script Movement Among the Bodo in Assam". <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>75</b>: 1335–1340. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158526">44158526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=Script+Movement+Among+the+Bodo+in+Assam&rft.volume=75&rft.pages=1335-1340&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44158526%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sarmah&rft.aufirst=Satyendra+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiryu2012" class="citation journal cs1">Kiryu, Kazuyuki (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/78590940">"Western Boro dialects in Nepal and northern West Bengal"</a>. <i>美作大学紀要</i>. <b>45</b>: 9–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%BE%8E%E4%BD%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%B4%80%E8%A6%81&rft.atitle=Western+Boro+dialects+in+Nepal+and+northern+West+Bengal&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=9-18&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Kiryu&rft.aufirst=Kazuyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F78590940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoro+language+%28India%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro_language_(India)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/brx" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/brx">Boro language (India) test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050907205229/http://www.iitg.ernet.in/rcilts/boro.htm">Boro language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100803000435/http://ildc.in/bodo/boindex.aspx">Bodo computing resources at TDIL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lisindia.net/Boro/Boro.html">Language Information Service – India</a></li> <li>Linguistic Survey of India West Bengal VolumeI <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-documents/lsi/lsi_wb/4%20INTRODUCTION&REPORTS.pdf">[1]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/BLR">Boro Language Resource</a> collection of Boro language documentation in the Computational Resource for South Asian Languages (CoRSAL) archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.paradisec.org.au/repository/BRX1">Bodo narratives and descriptions of traditional practices</a> collection in PARADISEC archive</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sal_(Brahmaputran)_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sal_languages" title="Template:Sal languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sal_languages" title="Template talk:Sal languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sal_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sal languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sal_(Brahmaputran)_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal (Brahmaputran) languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroic_languages" title="Boroic languages">Boroic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megam_language" title="Megam language">Megam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koch_languages" title="Koch languages">Kochic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruga_language" title="Ruga language">Ruga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deori</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak<br />(Northern Naga)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konyak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinong_language" title="Leinong language">Leinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makyam_language" title="Makyam language">Makyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponyo_language" title="Ponyo language">Ponyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tangsa–Nocte</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jingpho</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingpho language">Jingpho (Kachin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luish_languages" title="Luish languages">Luish (Asakian)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadu_language" title="Kadu language">Kadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganan_language" title="Ganan language">Ganan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakpa_language" title="Chakpa language">Chakpa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India#Languages" title="Northeast India">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal<br />Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_language" title="Apatani language">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bori_language" title="Bori language">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallong_language" title="Gallong language">Gallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangam_language" title="Tangam language">Tangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yano_language" title="Yano language">Yano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_language" title="Saihriem language">Saihriem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangni-Tagin_language" title="Bangni-Tagin language">Bangni-Tagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_language" title="Bokar language">Bokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Miri_dialect" title="Hill Miri dialect">Hill Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_dialect" title="Na dialect">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_language" title="Ahom language">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang_language" title="Khamyang language">Khamyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_language" title="Aiton language">Tai Aiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Phake language">Tai Phake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(India)" title="Kom language (India)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_language" title="Purum language">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_language" title="Simte language">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_language" title="Monsang language">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbung_language" title="Sorbung language">Sorbung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_language" title="Tarao language">Tarao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairel_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairel language">Chairel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language_(India)" title="Maring language (India)">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uipo_language" title="Uipo language">Uipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khasic_languages" title="Khasic languages">Khasic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mizoram" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-<br />Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami-<br />Pochuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_language" title="Chokri language">Chokri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhami_language" title="Kuzhami language">Kuzhami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntenyi_language" title="Ntenyi language">Ntenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuri_language" title="Pochuri language">Pochuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_language" title="Rengma language">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumi language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Mongsen Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_language" title="Sangtam language">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wui_language" title="Wui language">Wui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiungr%C3%BC_language" title="Yimkhiungrü language">Yimchungrü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzieme_language" title="Mzieme language">Mzieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tripura" title="Languages of Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlong_language" title="Darlong language">Darlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_India" title="Template talk:Languages of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Union-level</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India">8th schedule</a> to the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a> (Manipuri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State-level only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika" title="Angika">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_language" title="Chhattisgarhi language">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_language" title="Ho language">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRNB_lects" class="mw-redirect" title="KRNB lects">Kamatapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_language" title="Kharia language">Kharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khortha_language" title="Khortha language">Khortha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmali_language" title="Kurmali language">Kurmali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magahi_language" title="Magahi language">Magahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rai languages">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rajbangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Major<br />unofficial<br />languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#More_than_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">Over 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagheli_language" title="Bagheli language">Bagheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagri_language" title="Bagri language">Bagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhili_language" title="Bhili language">Bhili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeli_language" title="Bundeli language">Bundeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhundari_language" title="Dhundari language">Dhundhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwali_language" title="Garhwali language">Garhwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_language" title="Gondi language">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harauti_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Harauti language">Harauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_language" title="Haryanvi language">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangri_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangri dialect">Kangri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandeshi_language" title="Khandeshi language">Khandeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaoni_language" title="Kumaoni language">Kumaoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewari_language" title="Mewari language">Mewari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimadi_language" title="Nimadi language">Nimadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surjapuri_language" title="Surjapuri language">Surjapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagdi" title="Wagdi">Wagdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varhadi_dialect" title="Varhadi dialect">Varhadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers_in_India#100,000_to_one_million_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers in India">100,000 – 1 million<br />speakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaga_language" title="Badaga language">Badaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbi_language" title="Halbi language">Halbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotta_Bhasha" title="Khotta Bhasha">Khotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolami language">Kolami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korku_language" title="Korku language">Korku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koya_language" title="Koya language">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kui_language_(India)" title="Kui language (India)">Kui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvi_language" title="Kuvi language">Kuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakhi_language" title="Ladakhi language">Ladakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malto_language" title="Malto language">Malto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sema_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sema language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_language" title="Sora language">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_history_of_India" title="Linguistic history of India">Linguistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Languages_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Languages of India">Classical</a></li> 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