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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kileskrift" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kileskrift"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kileskrift</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kileskrift-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Templer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Templer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Templer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Templer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presteskapet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presteskapet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Presteskapet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presteskapet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skapelsesmyte_og_kosmologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skapelsesmyte_og_kosmologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Skapelsesmyte og kosmologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skapelsesmyte_og_kosmologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guder_og_gudinner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guder_og_gudinner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Guder og gudinner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guder_og_gudinner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Arv</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arv-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Arv</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Akkadiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akkadiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Akkadiere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akkadiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Babylonere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Babylonere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Babylonere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Babylonere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hurrittere_og_hettittene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hurrittere_og_hettittene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hurrittere og hettittene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hurrittere_og_hettittene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paralleller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paralleller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Paralleller</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paralleller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumerisk mytologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 36 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerisk_mytologi" title="Sumerisk mytologi – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sumerisk mytologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerisk_mytologi" title="Sumerisk mytologi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sumerisk mytologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAmersk_tr%C3%BAarbr%C3%B6g%C3%B0" title="Súmersk trúarbrögð – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súmersk trúarbrögð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الدين السومري – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدين السومري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relix%C3%B3n_sumeria" title="Relixón sumeria – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Relixón sumeria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="সুমেরীয় ধর্ম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুমেরীয় ধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_sum%C3%A8ria" title="Mitologia sumèria – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mitologia sumèria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Шумер-аккад халаплăхĕ – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шумер-аккад халаплăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerische_Religion" title="Sumerische Religion – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sumerische Religion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumeri_usund" title="Sumeri usund – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sumeri usund" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sumerian religion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B3n_sumeria" title="Religión sumeria – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Religión sumeria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumera_religio" title="Sumera religio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sumera religio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumertar_erlijioa" title="Sumertar erlijioa – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumertar erlijioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دین سومری – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دین سومری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_sum%C3%A9rienne" title="Religion sumérienne – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion sumérienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolox%C3%ADa_sumeria" title="Mitoloxía sumeria – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mitoloxía sumeria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%B4_%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="수메르 종교 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수메르 종교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_sumera" title="Mitologia sumera – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mitologia sumera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="შუმერული მითოლოგია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შუმერული მითოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_Mesopotamena" title="Religio Mesopotamena – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio Mesopotamena" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="シュメール神話 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シュメール神話" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_sumeryjska" title="Mitologia sumeryjska – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mitologia sumeryjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_sum%C3%A9ria" title="Mitologia suméria – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mitologia suméria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_sumerian%C4%83" title="Mitologia sumeriană – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mitologia sumeriană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шумеро-аккадская мифология – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шумеро-аккадская мифология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_sumere" title="Feja sumere – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja sumere" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstvo_Sumeru" title="Náboženstvo Sumeru – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Náboženstvo Sumeru" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Сумерска религија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сумерска религија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumerin_uskonto" title="Sumerin uskonto – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sumerin uskonto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சுமேரியர்களின் மதம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுமேரியர்களின் மதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ศาสนาซูเมอร์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาซูเมอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmer_mitolojisi" title="Sümer mitolojisi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sümer mitolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Шумеро-аккадська міфологія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шумеро-аккадська міфологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4n_gi%C3%A1o_Sumer" title="Tôn giáo Sumer – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tôn giáo Sumer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="苏美尔神话 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏美尔神话" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/250px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/375px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg/500px-Hymn_Iddin-Dagan_Louvre_AO8864.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="2925" /></a><figcaption>En kileformet kileskrift med en tempelhymne fra 1800-tallet f.Kr. Hymnen er rettet til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lugal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Lugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Iddin-Dagan" title="Iddin-Dagan">Iddin-Dagan</a> av <a href="/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sumerisk mytologi</b> er en betegnelse for den <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, gudeverden, ritualer og <a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">kosmologi</a> som var rådende i den sumerske sivilisasjon, «sivilisasjonens vugge», og en av de eldste kulturene som er kjent, fra rundt 3000-tallet f.Kr. og fram til 1700-tallet f.Kr. da Babylonia avsluttet <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a>. Sumerisk mytologi påvirket <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamisk_mytologi" title="Mesopotamisk mytologi">mesopotamisk mytologi</a> og religion som helhet og ble videreført og bevart i mytologiene til <a href="/wiki/Hurrittere" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurrittere">hurrittere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Det_akkadiske_rike" title="Det akkadiske rike">akkadiere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonere" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonere">babylonere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">assyrere</a>, og en rekke andre kulturer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kileskrift">Kileskrift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kileskrift" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kileskrift"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sumeriske myter ble videreført i form av <a href="/wiki/Muntlig_litteratur" title="Muntlig litteratur">muntlig tradisjon</a> inntil <a href="/wiki/Skriftspr%C3%A5k" title="Skriftspråk">skriftspråk</a> ble oppfunnet. Kanskje var sumererne de første overhodet som oppfant et skriftspråk. Deres skriftspråk bestod opprinnelig av billedtegn. Disse tegnene ble etterhvert utviklet til <a href="/wiki/Kileskrift" title="Kileskrift">kileskriften</a>. Tidlig kileskrift ble hovedsakelig benyttet for å føre opptegnelser av varer og likende, og det var ikke før i tidlig dynastisk tid at religiøse skrifter ble alminnelig i form av tempelhymner som priset gudene<sup id="cite_ref-ETCSL_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETCSL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og en form for «besvergelser» som ble kalt for <i>nam-šub</i> (forstavelse + «å kaste»).<sup id="cite_ref-Lexicon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexicon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Templer">Templer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Templer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Templer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg/250px-Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg/375px-Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg/500px-Ziggurat_of_ur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_store_ziggurat_i_Ur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den store ziggurat i Ur (ikke skrevet ennå)">Den store ziggurat i Ur</a>, i nærheten av <a href="/wiki/Nasiriyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasiriyah">Nasiriyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> (basert på en rekonstruksjon fra 1939 av Woolley<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Se hovedartikkel, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_arkitektur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumerisk arkitektur (ikke skrevet ennå)">Sumerisk arkitektur</a></i></li></ul> <p>I de sumeriske bystatene var <a href="/wiki/Tempel" title="Tempel">tempelkompleksene</a> i begynnelsen små, opphøyd strukturer med ett rom. I tidlig dynastisk tid utviklet templene opphøyde terrasser og tallrike rom. Mot slutten av den sumeriske sivilisasjon hadde <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">zigguratene</a>, den sumeriske <a href="/wiki/Pyramide" title="Pyramide">pyramide</a>, blitt den foretrukne tempelstrukturen for de mesopotamiske religiøse sentre.<sup id="cite_ref-BYU_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Templene tjente som kulturelle, religiøse og politiske hovedkvarter fram til rundt 2500 f.Kr. da det vokste fram militære konger kjent som <i>Lu-gal</i> («mann» + «stor»)<sup id="cite_ref-Lexicon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lexicon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og etter dette tidspunktet ble den politiske og militære lederskapet konsentrert i egne palasskomplekser.<sup id="cite_ref-BYU_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BYU-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presteskapet">Presteskapet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Presteskapet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Presteskapet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fram til Lu-gal’ene kom var de sumeriske bystatene styrt av et bortimot fullstendig <a href="/wiki/Teokrati" title="Teokrati">teokratisk</a> regjering kontrollert av uavhengige grupper av <i>Énsi</i>, eller yppersteprester. Disse var ansvarlig for å fortsette de muntlige og skriftlige kulturelle og religiøse tradisjonene til de enkelte bystater, og ble sett på som et medium mellom menneskene og resten av <a href="/wiki/Universet" title="Universet">universet</a>. Presteskapet bodde på full tid i tempelkompleksene og administrerte statens affærer, inkludert de store sumeriske <a href="/wiki/Irrigasjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrigasjon">vannings- og overrislingprosessene</a> som sivilisasjonen var helt avhengig av for sin overlevelse.<sup id="cite_ref-Irrigation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irrigation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skapelsesmyte_og_kosmologi">Skapelsesmyte og kosmologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Skapelsesmyte og kosmologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Skapelsesmyte og kosmologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sumere så for seg universet som en innelukket kuppel omgitt av en opphavlige saltsjø. Under den terrestriske jorden, som dannet fundamentet for sokkelen, eksisterte en <a href="/wiki/Underverden" class="mw-redirect" title="Underverden">underverden</a> og en ferskvannssjø kalt <a href="/wiki/Apsu" title="Apsu">Apsu</a>. Himmelhvelvingens gud var <a href="/wiki/An_(gud)" title="An (gud)">An</a> og jorden var kalt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_(gudinne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki (gudinne) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ki</a>. Underverden ble først antatt å være en forlengelse av Ki, men senere utviklet konseptet om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irkalla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irkalla (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kigal</a>. Det opphavelige saltsjøen ble gitt navnet Nammu, som ble kjent som <a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a> i løpet av og under den sumeriske renessanse. </p><p>Den opphavelige forening mellom An og Ki frambrakte <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a> som ble leder av den sumeriske gudeverden. Etter at de andre gudene hadde forvist Enlil fra <i>Dilmun</i> («gudenes hjem») for å ha voldtatt Ninlil født hun et barn: Nanna, gud for månen. Nanna og Ningal avlet Inanna og Utu, solens gud.<sup id="cite_ref-ETCSL2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETCSL2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Se også den sumeriske skapelsesmyte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guder_og_gudinner">Guder og gudinner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Guder og gudinner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Guder og gudinner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ur3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ur3.JPG/250px-Ur3.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ur3.JPG/375px-Ur3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ur3.JPG/500px-Ur3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Kart over Sumer</figcaption></figure> <p>Sumerne praktiserte en <a href="/wiki/Polyteisme" title="Polyteisme">polyteistisk</a> religion med <a href="/wiki/Antropomorfisme" title="Antropomorfisme">antropomorfistiske</a> guddommer som representerte kosmiske og jordiske makter i deres verden. I henhold til denne mytologien skapte gudene opprinnelig menneskene for at de skulle være deres tjenere, men friga dem da de ble for besværlige å håndtere. </p><p>Flertallet av sumeriske guddommer tilhører en klassifikasjon kalt Anunna («Ans avkom») mens de syv guddommer, inkludert Enlil og Inanna, tilhørte en gruppe av dommere i underverden som ble kalt for Anunnaki («Ans avkom» + Ki). </p><p>De mest betydningsfulle guddommer var: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_(gud)" title="An (gud)">An</a>: Guden for himmelen eller himmelhvelving.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_(gudinne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki (gudinne) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ki</a>: Gudinne for jorden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a>: Guden for luften (fra Lil = luft); en skytsguddom for byen <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a>: Guden for vann, fruktbarhet og kunnskap, skytsguddom for <a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna</a>: Gudinne for fysisk kjærlighet og kvinnelig fruktbarhet, skytsguddom for <a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Ninlil</a>: Gudinne for luften og hustru av Enlil; en av skytsguddommen av Nippur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a>: Guden for krig, jordbruk, en av de sumeriske vindguddommer, og skytsguddom for <a href="/wiki/Girsu" title="Girsu">Girsu</a> og en av skytsguddommene for <a href="/wiki/Lagash" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagash">Lagash</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utu" class="mw-redirect" title="Utu">Utu</a>: Guden for solen ved E'barbaratempelet i <a href="/wiki/Sippar" title="Sippar">Sippar</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanna_(m%C3%A5negud)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanna (månegud)">Nanna</a>: Guden for månen, en av skytsguddommene for <a href="/wiki/Ur_(Mesopotamia)" title="Ur (Mesopotamia)">Ur</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arv">Arv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Arv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Arv"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akkadiere">Akkadiere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Akkadiere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Akkadiere"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sumerne hadde gått igjennom språklige og kulturelle endringer med de <a href="/wiki/Semittiske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Semittiske språk">semittiske</a> akkadiske folkene i nordlige Mesopotamia i generasjoner før deres områder ble erobret av <a href="/wiki/Sargon_av_Akkad" title="Sargon av Akkad">Sargon av Akkad</a> i år 2340 f.Kr. Sumerisk mytologi og religiøs praksis ble hurtig integrert i akkadisk kultur,<sup id="cite_ref-TheSumerians_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheSumerians-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> antagelig en blanding av de opprinnelige akkadiske trossystemer som ellers har helt og holdent gått tapt i historien. Sumeriske guddommer utviklet akkadiske motstykker, og en del forble bortimot identiske inntil senere babyloniske og assyriske styre. Den sumeriske gudinnen Inanna, som eksempel, utviklet sin akkadiske motpart <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>; den sumeriske gud An utviklet sin motpart Anu; den sumeriske gud <a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a> ble Ea; de sumeriske gudene Ninurta og Enlil forble stort sett de samme i den akkadiske gudeverden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Babylonere">Babylonere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Babylonere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Babylonere"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amoritere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amoritere (ikke skrevet ennå)">amorittiske</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonere" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonere">babylonere</a> fikk overherredømme over sørlige <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> i løpet av midten av 1700-tallet f.Kr. I løpet av den gamlebabylonske tid ble de sumeriske og akkadiske språkene fortsatt brukt i den religiøse praksis. Steintavler viser at det ble produsert <a href="/wiki/Ordbok" title="Ordbok">ordbøker</a> med oversettelser til de gamle språkene. Det meste av den sumeriske mytologiske litteraturen som vi kjenner i dag kommer fra den gammelbabylonske tiden,<sup id="cite_ref-ETCSL_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETCSL-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enten i form av avskrifter av sumeriske tekster (mest kjent er den babylonske versjonen av <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesj-eposet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgamesj-eposet">Gilgamesj-eposet</a>) eller i form av sumerisk og akkadisk påvirkninger innenfor den babyloniske mytologiske litteraturen (mest kjent er mytesamlingen <a href="/wiki/Enuma_Elish" title="Enuma Elish">Enûma Eliš</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hurrittere_og_hettittene">Hurrittere og hettittene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Hurrittere og hettittene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Hurrittere og hettittene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hurrittere" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurrittere">Hurrittere</a> adopterte den akkadiske guden Anu i deres gudeverden en gang ikke senere enn 1200 f.Kr. Andre akkadiske guddommer som ble tilpasset den hurrittiske gudeverden var Ayas, den hurrittiske motparten til Ea; Shaushka, motpart til Ishtar; og <a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Ninlil</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hurrians_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hurrians-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvis myter hadde blitt kraftig utvidet under innflytelse av babylonerne. Tilsvarende med <a href="/wiki/Hettittene" title="Hettittene">hettittene</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paralleller">Paralleller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Paralleller" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Paralleller"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En del fortellinger i sumerisk mytologi synes å være like med andre fortellinger i andre religioner i <a href="/wiki/Midt%C3%B8sten" title="Midtøsten">Midtøsten</a>. Eksempelvis er <a href="/wiki/Bibelen" title="Bibelen">Bibelens</a> fortelling om <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noahs</a> <a href="/wiki/Syndflod" title="Syndflod">Syndflod</a> svært lik flere aspekter i den sumeriske <a href="/wiki/Syndflod" title="Syndflod">oversvømmelsemyte</a>. Den <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dedom" title="Jødedom">jødiske</a> underverden <a href="/wiki/Sheol" title="Sheol">Sheol</a> er svært lik i beskrivelsen med den sumeriske og babylonske <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kigal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kigal (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kigal</a>. Et antall fortellinger og guddommer har også <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">greske</a> paralleller. Samuel Noah Kramer, ekspert på sumerisk mytologi, har merket seg likheter mellom mange sumeriske og akkadiske <a href="/wiki/Ordtak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordtak">ordtak</a> med senere <a href="/wiki/Hebraisk" title="Hebraisk">hebraiske</a> ordtak, hvorav mange av dem i <a href="/wiki/Salomos_ordspr%C3%A5k" title="Salomos ordspråk">Salomos ordspråk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamisk_mytologi" title="Mesopotamisk mytologi">Mesopotamisk mytologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonsk_mytologi" title="Babylonsk mytologi">Babylonsk mytologi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ETCSL-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-ETCSL_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ETCSL_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/edition2/literature.php">«Sumerian Literature»</a>. Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lexicon-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexicon_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lexicon_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> Halloran, John A.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sumerian.org/sumerian.pdf">«The Sumerian Lexicon»</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Woolley, C. Leonard: <i>Ur Excavations</i>, utgitt i 10 bind, 1927ff. Illustrasjonen er basert på bind V, fig. 1.4: «The Ziggurat and its Surroundings» (1939).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BYU-4"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-BYU_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BYU_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mi.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=21&chapid=112">«Inside a Sumerian Temple»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091107113618/http://mi.byu.edu/publications/books/?bookid=21&chapid=112">Arkivert</a> 7. november 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at Brigham Young University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irrigation-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Irrigation_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Goldsmith, Edward: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardgoldsmith.org/page166.html">«Traditional Irrigation in Mesopotamia»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090608153721/http://www.edwardgoldsmith.org/page166.html">Arkivert</a> 8. juni 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ETCSL2-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ETCSL2_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.1.2.1#">«Enlil and Ninlil»</a>. Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheSumerians-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheSumerians_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/SUMER.HTM">«Mesopotamia: the Sumerians»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718065010/http://wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/SUMER.HTM">Arkivert</a> 18. juli 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Washington State University</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurrians-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hurrians_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> Siren, Christopher B.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/hittite-ref.html#a2">«Hurrian Mythology REF 1.2»</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kramer, Samuel Noah (1952): <i>From the Tablets of Sumer</i>, side 133-135.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerisk_mytologi&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a> og <a href="/wiki/Atrahasis" title="Atrahasis">Atrahasis</a></i>. Oversatt av Jens Braarvig, Tor Åge Bringsværd og Rolf Furuli. Bokklubben, 2001. (Verdens hellige skrifter; 7) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788252541069" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-82-525-4106-9</a></li> <li><i>Inanna : himmelens og jordens dronning</i>. Til norsk ved <a href="/wiki/Terje_Johanssen" title="Terje Johanssen">Terje Johanssen</a> etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Wolkstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Wolkstein (ikke skrevet ennå)">Diane Wolkstein</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noah_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noah Kramer (ikke skrevet ennå)">Noah Kramers</a> bok. Gyldendal, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8205270961" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-05-27096-1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumeriske_skrifter" title="Sumeriske skrifter">Sumeriske skrifter</a></i>. Utvalg og innledende essay av <a href="/wiki/Jens_Braarvig" title="Jens Braarvig">Jens Braarvig</a>; oversatt av <a href="/wiki/Tor_%C3%85ge_Bringsv%C3%A6rd" title="Tor Åge Bringsværd">Tor Åge Bringsværd</a> mfl. Bokklubben, 2006. XXIII, 364 s. (<a href="/wiki/Verdens_hellige_skrifter" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens hellige skrifter">Verdens hellige skrifter</a>; 36). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788252562132" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-82-525-6213-2</a></li> <li><i>Til <a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna</a> : prinsesse <a href="/wiki/Enheduanna" title="Enheduanna">Enheduannas</a> dikt til gudinnen Inanna fra 2200-tallet før Kristus</i>. Basert på <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Wolkstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Wolkstein (ikke skrevet ennå)">Diane Wolksteins</a> tekstredigering; gjendiktet fra sumerisk av <a href="/wiki/Jens_Braarvig" title="Jens Braarvig">Jens Braarvig</a> og <a href="/wiki/Erling_Kittelsen" title="Erling Kittelsen">Erling Kittelsen</a>. Aschehoug, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/8203188931" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 82-03-18893-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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