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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable paranormal investigators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_paranormal_investigators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable paranormal investigators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_paranormal_investigators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harry_Price" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harry_Price"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Harry Price</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harry_Price-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ed and Lorraine Warren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belief_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belief_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belief statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belief_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skepticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skepticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Skepticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skepticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Methods_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Methods_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Methods and equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Methods_and_equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Methods and equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Methods_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cold_spots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cold_spots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cold spots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cold_spots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Orbs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depiction_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depiction_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Depiction in media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Depiction in media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Depiction_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ghost_Hunters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghost_Hunters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span><i>Ghost Hunters</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghost_Hunters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghost_Adventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghost_Adventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span><i>Ghost Adventures</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghost_Adventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poltergeist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poltergeist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span><i>Poltergeist</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poltergeist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghostbusters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghostbusters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span><i>Ghostbusters</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghostbusters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Conjuring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Conjuring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span><i>The Conjuring</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Conjuring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dark_Fall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dark_Fall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span><i>Dark Fall</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dark_Fall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phasmophobia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phasmophobia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span><i>Phasmophobia</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phasmophobia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Web series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buzzfeed_Unsolved" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buzzfeed_Unsolved"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span><i>Buzzfeed Unsolved</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buzzfeed_Unsolved-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghost hunting</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lov_duch%C5%AF" title="Lov duchů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lov duchů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghosthunt" title="Ghosthunt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ghosthunt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisterjagd" title="Geisterjagd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geisterjagd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD" title="شکار روح – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شکار روح" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasse_au_fant%C3%B4me" title="Chasse au fantôme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chasse au fantôme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भूत शिकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भूत शिकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berburu_hantu" title="Berburu hantu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Berburu hantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ציד רוחות רפאים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציד רוחות רפאים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaiduokli%C5%B3_med%C5%BEiokl%C4%97" title="Vaiduoklių medžioklė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vaiduoklių medžioklė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Охота за привидениями – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Охота за привидениями" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaveen_mets%C3%A4stys" title="Aaveen metsästys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aaveen metsästys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Полювання на привидів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полювання на привидів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83n_ma" title="Săn ma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Săn ma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%89%E9%AC%BC" title="捉鬼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捉鬼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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(paranormal)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Investigating reportedly haunted locations for ghosts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ghosthunter_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ghosthunter (disambiguation)">Ghosthunter (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightshot2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nightshot2.png/220px-Nightshot2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nightshot2.png/330px-Nightshot2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Nightshot2.png/440px-Nightshot2.png 2x" data-file-width="1156" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>A ghost hunter taking a <a href="/wiki/EMF_measurements" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF measurements">reading</a> with an EMF meter</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Paranormal" title="Category:Paranormal">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%;padding:0 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Main articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilocation" title="Bilocation">Bilocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inedia" title="Inedia">Breatharianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairvoyance" title="Clairvoyance">Clairvoyance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_encounter" title="Close encounter">Close encounter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_spot_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold spot (paranormal)">Cold spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_gazing" title="Crystal gazing">Crystal gazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evocation" title="Evocation">Conjuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Demonic possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonology" title="Demonology">Demonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">Doppelgänger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">Ectoplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">Extrasensory perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forteana" class="mw-redirect" title="Forteana">Forteana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle" title="Miracle">Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">Occult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orb_(optics)#Paranormal_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (optics)">Orb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precognition" title="Precognition">Precognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preternatural" title="Preternatural">Preternatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">Psychic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_reading" title="Psychic reading">Psychic reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">Psychometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_viewing" title="Remote viewing">Remote viewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrocognition" title="Retrocognition">Retrocognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession" title="Spirit possession">Spirit possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_world_(Spiritualism)" title="Spirit world (Spiritualism)">Spirit world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(beliefs)" title="Spiritualism (beliefs)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape">Stone Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekinesis" title="Telekinesis">Telekinesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepathy" title="Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table-turning" title="Table-turning">Table-turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_reading" title="Cold reading">Cold reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoax" title="Hoax">Hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_for_evidence_of_the_paranormal" title="List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal">Prizes for evidence of the paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoskepticism" title="Pseudoskepticism">Pseudoskepticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literacy" title="Scientific literacy">Scientific literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific skepticism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_experiences" title="Anomalous experiences">Anomalous experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empath" title="Empath">Empath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_awakening" title="False awakening">False awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon" title="Ideomotor phenomenon">Ideomotor phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronicity" title="Synchronicity">Synchronicity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#ebebeb;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalistics" title="Anomalistics">Anomalistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance" title="Argument from ignorance">Argument from ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argumentum_ad_populum" title="Argumentum ad populum">Argumentum ad populum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begging_the_question" title="Begging the question">Begging the question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance" title="Cognitive dissonance">Cognitive dissonance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy" title="Fallacy">Fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falsifiability" title="Falsifiability">Falsifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">Hypnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoscience" title="Protoscience">Protoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">Scientific evidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncertainty" title="Uncertainty">Uncertainty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paranormal" title="Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paranormal" title="Template talk:Paranormal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paranormal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ghost hunting</b> is the process of investigating <a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">locations</a> that are purportedly haunted by <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghosts</a>. The practice has been heavily criticized for its dismissal of the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a>. No scientific study has ever been able to confirm the existence of ghosts.<sup id="cite_ref-ShadyScience_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShadyScience-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghost hunting is considered a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> by the vast majority of educators, academics, science writers and skeptics.<sup id="cite_ref-regal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NSF_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JenzenMunt2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JenzenMunt2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hill_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Radford_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hufington_Post_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hufington_Post-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Potts_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">Science historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Regal" title="Brian Regal">Brian Regal</a> described ghost hunting as "an unorganized exercise in futility".<sup id="cite_ref-regal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typically, a ghost-hunting team will attempt to collect "evidence" supporting the existence of <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal activity</a>. Ghost hunters also refer to themselves as <b>paranormal investigators</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-MiamiHerald_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiamiHerald-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghost hunters use a variety of electronic devices, including <a href="/wiki/EMF_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF meter">EMF meters</a>, digital <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometers</a>, both handheld and static <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_camera" title="Video camera">video cameras</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">thermographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">night vision goggles</a>, and digital <a href="/wiki/Dictation_machine" title="Dictation machine">audio recorders</a>. Other more traditional techniques are also used, such as conducting <a href="/wiki/Interview" title="Interview">interviews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">researching</a> the <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> of allegedly haunted sites. Dowsing<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ouija boards are other traditional techniques. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png/170px-Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png/255px-Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png/340px-Hereward_Carrington_with_ululometer.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>British psychic investigator <a href="/wiki/Hereward_Carrington" title="Hereward Carrington">Hereward Carrington</a> with his "ululometer" ghost detector, in 1922.</figcaption></figure> <p>Paranormal research dates back to the nineteenth century, with organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> investigating spiritual matters. Psychic researcher <a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a> published his <i>Confessions of a Ghost-Hunter</i> in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ghost hunting was popularized in the 2000s by television series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Most_Haunted" title="Most Haunted">Most Haunted</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghost Hunters (TV series)">Ghost Hunters</a></i>, combined with the increasing availability of high-tech equipment. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Paranormal_Society" title="The Atlantic Paranormal Society">The Atlantic Paranormal Society</a> reported a doubling in their membership in the late 2000s, attributing this to the television programs. Despite its lack of acceptance in academic circles, the popularity of ghost-hunting <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality TV</a> shows has influenced a number of individuals to take up the pursuit.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Small businesses offering ghost-hunting equipment and paranormal investigation services increased in the early 2000s. Many offer <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_field" title="Electromagnetic field">electromagnetic field</a> (EMF) <a href="/wiki/EMF_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF meter">meters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> motion sensors and devices billed as "ghost detectors". The paranormal boom is such that some small ghost-hunting related businesses are enjoying increased profits through <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> and website advertising, books, <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a>, videos and other commercial enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One ghost-hunting group called "A Midwest Haunting" based in <a href="/wiki/Macomb,_Illinois" title="Macomb, Illinois">Macomb, Illinois</a>, reported that the number of people taking its tours had tripled, jumping from about 600 in 2006 to 1,800 in 2008. Others, such as Marie Cuff of "Idaho Spirit Seekers" pointed to increased traffic on their websites and message boards as an indication that ghost hunting was becoming more accepted. Participants say that ghost hunting allows them to enjoy the friendship of like-minded people and actively pursue their interest in the paranormal. According to Jim Willis of "Ghosts of Ohio", his group's membership had doubled, growing to 30 members since it was founded in 1999 and includes both true believers and total skeptics. Willis says his group is "looking for answers, one way or another" and that skepticism is a prerequisite for those who desire to be "taken seriously in this field."<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author John Potts says that the present day pursuit of "amateur ghost hunting" can be traced back to the <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">spiritualist</a> era and early organizations founded to investigate paranormal phenomena, like <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_Club" title="The Ghost Club">The Ghost Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a>, but that modern investigations are unrelated to academic <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychology</a>. Potts writes that modern ghost hunting groups ignore the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">scientific method</a> and instead follow a form of "techno-<a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Potts_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Potts-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of ghost hunting has led to some injuries. Unaware that a "spooky home" in <a href="/wiki/Worthington,_Ohio" title="Worthington, Ohio">Worthington, Ohio</a>, was occupied, a group of teenagers stepped on the edge of the property to explore. The homeowner fired on the teenagers' automobile as they were leaving, seriously injuring one.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A woman hunting for ghosts was killed in a fall from a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> building.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An offshoot of ghost hunting is the commercial ghost tour conducted by a local guide or tour operator who is often a member of a local ghost-hunting or paranormal investigation group. Since both the tour operators and owners of the reportedly <a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">haunted</a> properties share profits of such enterprises (admissions vary depending on the location, length and other aspects of the tour), some believe the claims of hauntings are exaggerated or fabricated in order to increase attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-Confessions_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Confessions-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, is said to be the American city with the most ghost tours, having more than 31 as of 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_paranormal_investigators">Notable paranormal investigators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable paranormal investigators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harry_Price">Harry Price</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Harry Price"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Harry_Price_ghost_hunter_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>Harry Price pictured with assorted pieces of his "ghost hunting" equipment</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Harry_Price" title="Harry Price">Harry Price</a> (1881–1948) was a British <a href="/wiki/Parapsychologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Parapsychologist">parapsychologist</a>, psychic researcher and author who gained public prominence for his investigations into psychical phenomena and his exposing of fraudulent <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">spiritualist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediums</a>. He is best known for his well-publicized investigation of the purportedly haunted <a href="/wiki/Borley_Rectory" title="Borley Rectory">Borley Rectory</a> in <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, England. Price's exploits were given wide exposure in a 1950 book, <i>Harry Price: Biography of a Ghost Hunter</i> by Paul Tabori. He was also a longstanding member of <a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_Club" title="The Ghost Club">the Ghost Club</a> based in London. </p><p>Price joined the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (SPR) in 1920, and used his knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Magician_(illusion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magician (illusion)">stage magic</a> to debunk fraudulent mediums.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, he exposed the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">"spirit" photographer</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Hope_(paranormal_investigator)" title="William Hope (paranormal investigator)">William Hope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year he traveled to Germany with <a href="/wiki/Eric_Dingwall" title="Eric Dingwall">Eric Dingwall</a> and investigated <a href="/wiki/Willi_Schneider" title="Willi Schneider">Willi Schneider</a> at the home of Baron <a href="/wiki/Albert_von_Schrenck-Notzing" title="Albert von Schrenck-Notzing">Albert von Schrenck-Notzing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1923, Price exposed the medium <a href="/wiki/Jan_Guzyk" title="Jan Guzyk">Jan Guzyk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghost_kit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ghost_kit.jpg/220px-Ghost_kit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ghost_kit.jpg/330px-Ghost_kit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ghost_kit.jpg/440px-Ghost_kit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Price's "ghost hunting kit" included reflex and <a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">cinematograph</a> cameras, tools for sealing doors and windows, apparatus for secret electrical controls, steel tape, drawing instruments, a bottle of mercury and powdered <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> for developing fingerprints</figcaption></figure> <p>Price wrote that the photographs depicting the <a href="/wiki/Ectoplasm_(paranormal)" title="Ectoplasm (paranormal)">ectoplasm</a> of the medium <a href="/wiki/Eva_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eva Carrière">Eva Carrière</a> taken with Schrenck-Notzing looked artificial and two-dimensional, made from cardboard and newspaper portraits and that there were no scientific controls as both her hands were free. In 1920 Carrière was investigated by psychical researchers in London. An analysis of her ectoplasm revealed it to be made of chewed paper. She was also investigated in 1922 and the result of the tests were negative.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, Price investigated <a href="/wiki/Maria_Silbert" title="Maria Silbert">Maria Silbert</a> and caught her using her feet and toes to move objects in the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">séance</a> room.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also investigated the "direct voice" mediumship of <a href="/wiki/George_Valiantine" title="George Valiantine">George Valiantine</a> in London. In the séance Valiantine claimed to have contacted the "spirit" of the composer <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Arditi" title="Luigi Arditi">Luigi Arditi</a>, speaking in <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>. Price wrote down every word that was attributed to Arditi and they were found to be word-for-word matches in an Italian phrase-book.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, Price formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Laboratory_of_Psychical_Research" title="National Laboratory of Psychical Research">National Laboratory of Psychical Research</a> as a rival to the SPR.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Price made a formal offer to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> to equip and endow a Department of Psychical Research, and to loan the equipment of the National Laboratory and its library. The University of London Board of Studies in Psychology responded positively to this proposal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Price had a number of public disputes with the SPR, most notably regarding professed medium <a href="/wiki/Rudi_Schneider" title="Rudi Schneider">Rudi Schneider</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Price exposed <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Tansley_Munnings" title="Frederick Tansley Munnings">Frederick Tansley Munnings</a>, who claimed to produce the independent "spirit" voices of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_Leno" title="Dan Leno">Dan Leno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawley_Harvey_Crippen" title="Hawley Harvey Crippen">Hawley Harvey Crippen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">King Henry VIII</a>. Price also invented and used a piece of apparatus known as a "voice control recorder" and proved that all the voices were those of Munnings. In 1928, Munnings admitted fraud and sold his confessions to a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_newspaper" title="Sunday newspaper">Sunday newspaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Decker_(medium)" title="Frank Decker (medium)">Frank Decker</a> was investigated by Price at the <a href="/wiki/National_Laboratory_of_Psychical_Research" title="National Laboratory of Psychical Research">National Laboratory of Psychical Research</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under strict scientific controls that Price contrived, Decker failed to produce any phenomena at all.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Price's psychical research continued with investigations into Karachi's <a href="/wiki/Indian_rope_trick" title="Indian rope trick">Indian rope trick</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">fire-walking</a> abilities of <a href="/wiki/Kuda_Bux" title="Kuda Bux">Kuda Bux</a>. In 1936, Price broadcast from a supposedly haunted manor house in <a href="/wiki/Meopham" title="Meopham">Meopham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and published <i>The Confessions of a Ghost-Hunter</i> and <i>The Haunting of Cashen's Gap</i>. This year also saw the transfer of Price's library on permanent loan to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (see external links), followed shortly by the laboratory and investigative equipment. In 1937, he conducted further televised experiments into <a href="/wiki/Fire-walking" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire-walking">fire-walking</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hussain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Hussain">Ahmed Hussain</a> at <a href="/wiki/Carshalton" title="Carshalton">Carshalton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Palace" title="Alexandra Palace">Alexandra Palace</a>, and also rented <a href="/wiki/Borley_Rectory" title="Borley Rectory">Borley Rectory</a> for one year. The following year, Price re-established the Ghost Club, with himself as chairman, modernizing it and changing it from a spiritualist association to a group of more or less open-minded skeptics that gathered to discuss paranormal topics. He was also the first to admit women to the club. Price drafted a bill for the regulation of psychic practitioners, and in 1939, he organized a national telepathic test in the periodical <i><a href="/wiki/John_O%27London%27s_Weekly" title="John O'London's Weekly">John O'London's Weekly</a></i>. During the 1940s, Price concentrated on writing and the works <i>The Most Haunted House in England</i>, <i>Poltergeist Over England</i> and <i>The End of Borley Rectory</i> were all published. </p><p>Price's friends included other debunkers of fraudulent mediums such as <a href="/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a> and the journalist <a href="/wiki/E._Clephan_Palmer" title="E. Clephan Palmer">Ernest Palmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren">Ed and Lorraine Warren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ed and Lorraine Warren"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren" title="Ed and Lorraine Warren">Ed and Lorraine Warren</a></div> <p>Edward Warren Miney (1926–2006) and Lorraine Rita Warren (née Moran, 1927–2019) were American paranormal investigators and authors associated with prominent reports of <a href="/wiki/Haunting" class="mw-redirect" title="Haunting">haunting</a> from the 1950s to the present. Edward was a <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">veteran</a> who became a self-taught and self-professed <a href="/wiki/Demonologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonologist">demonologist</a>, author, and lecturer. Lorraine professes to be <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyant" class="mw-redirect" title="Clairvoyant">clairvoyant</a> and a light trance <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">medium</a> who worked closely with her husband.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1952, the Warrens founded the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Society_for_Psychic_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Society for Psychic Research">New England Society for Psychic Research</a>, the oldest ghost hunting group in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They authored numerous books about the paranormal and about their private investigations into various reports of paranormal activity. They claimed to have investigated over 1,000 cases during their career, and have been involved with various supernatural claims such as the Snedeker family haunting, the <a href="/wiki/Enfield_Poltergeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfield Poltergeist">Enfield Poltergeist</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Smurl_haunting" title="Smurl haunting">Smurl haunting</a>, as well as claims of demonic possession in the <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Arne_Cheyenne_Johnson" title="Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson">Trial of Arne Cheyenne Johnson</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Warrens are best known for their involvement in the 1976 <a href="/wiki/Amityville_Horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Amityville Horror">Amityville Horror</a> case in which <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> couple George and Kathy Lutz claimed that their house was haunted by a violent, <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demonic</a> presence so intense that it eventually drove them out of their home. <i>The Amityville Horror Conspiracy</i> authors <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kaplan_(paranormal_investigator)" title="Stephen Kaplan (paranormal investigator)">Stephen and Roxanne Kaplan</a> characterized the case as a "hoax".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lorraine Warren told a reporter for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Express-Times" title="The Express-Times">The Express-Times</a></i> newspaper that the Amityville Horror was not a hoax.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The reported haunting was the basis for the 1977 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror" title="The Amityville Horror">The Amityville Horror</a></i>, which was adapted into the <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(1979_film)" title="The Amityville Horror (1979 film)">1979</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(2005_film)" title="The Amityville Horror (2005 film)">2005</a> movies of the same name, while also serving as inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amityville Horror (film series)">film series</a> that followed. The Warrens' version of events is partially adapted and portrayed in the opening sequence of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring_2" title="The Conjuring 2">The Conjuring 2</a></i> (2016). According to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Benjamin Radford</a>, the story was "refuted by eyewitnesses, investigations and forensic evidence".<sup id="cite_ref-Snopes_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snopes-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, lawyer William Weber reportedly stated that he, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Anson" title="Jay Anson">Jay Anson</a>, and the occupants "invented" the horror story "over many bottles of wine".<sup id="cite_ref-Ledger_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ledger-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>General criticism of the Warrens include those by skeptics <a href="/wiki/Perry_DeAngelis" title="Perry DeAngelis">Perry DeAngelis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Novella" title="Steven Novella">Steven Novella</a>, who investigated the Warrens' evidence and described it as "blarney".<sup id="cite_ref-CP_Newspaper_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP_Newspaper-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skeptical investigators <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Ben Radford</a> also concluded that the more famous hauntings, such as Amityville and the Snedeker family haunting, did not happen and had been invented.<sup id="cite_ref-Snopes_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snopes-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stories of ghosts and hauntings popularized by the Warrens have been adapted as or have indirectly inspired dozens of films, television series and documentaries, including 17 films in the <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amityville Horror (film series)"><i>Amityville Horror</i> series</a> and six films in <a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring_Universe" title="The Conjuring Universe">The Conjuring Universe</a> including <i><a href="/wiki/Annabelle_(film)" title="Annabelle (film)">Annabelle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Annabelle:_Creation" title="Annabelle: Creation">Annabelle: Creation</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Comes_Home" title="Annabelle Comes Home">Annabelle Comes Home</a></i>, spin-off prequels of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring" title="The Conjuring">The Conjuring</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belief_statistics">Belief statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Belief statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a survey conducted in October 2008 by the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a>, 34 percent of Americans say they believe in the existence of <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghosts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, a <a href="/wiki/Gallup_poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup poll">Gallup poll</a> conducted on June 6–8, 2005, showed that about one-third (32%) of Americans believe that ghosts exist, with belief declining with age.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gallup_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having surveyed three countries (the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom), the poll also mentioned that more people believe in <a href="/wiki/Haunted_house" title="Haunted house">haunted houses</a> than any of the other paranormal items tested, with 37% of Americans, 28% of Canadians, and 40% of Britons believing.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> identified haunted houses, ghosts, and <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">communication with the dead</a> among <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a> beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-NSF_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSF-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skepticism">Skepticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Skepticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Critics question ghost hunting's methodology, particularly its use of instrumentation, as there is no scientifically proven link between the existence of ghosts and cold spots or <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_field" title="Electromagnetic field">electromagnetic fields</a>. According to skeptical investigator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Nickell" title="Joe Nickell">Joe Nickell</a>, the typical ghost hunter is practicing <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Times-Union_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-Union-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nickell says that ghost hunters often arm themselves with <a href="/wiki/EMF_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="EMF meter">EMF meters</a>, thermometers that can identify cold spots, and wireless microphones that eliminate background noise, pointing out the equipment being used to try to detect ghosts is not designed for the job. "The least likely explanation for any given reading is it is a ghost," maintains Nickell. <a href="/wiki/Orb_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orb (paranormal)">Orbs</a> of light that show up on photos, he says, are often particles of dust or moisture. "<a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Voices</a>" picked up by tape recorders can be radio signals or noise from the recorder, EMF detectors can be set off by faulty wiring, microwave towers,<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iron, recording equipment, or cell phones, and heat sensors can pick up reflections off of mirrors or other metal surfaces. Nickell has also criticized the practice of searching only in the dark, saying that since some ghosts are described as "shadows or dark entities," he conducts searches in lighted rather than darkened conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-rcs_pomeroy_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcs_pomeroy-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to investigator <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Benjamin Radford</a>, most ghost-hunting groups, including <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Paranormal_Society" title="The Atlantic Paranormal Society">The Atlantic Paranormal Society</a>, make many methodological mistakes. According to Radford, "[a]fter watching episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghost Hunters (TV series)">Ghost Hunters</a></i> and other similar programs, it quickly becomes clear to anyone with a background in science that the methods used are both illogical and unscientific". Anyone can be a ghost investigator, "failing to consider alternative explanations for anomalous… phenomena", considering emotions and feelings as "evidence of ghostly encounters". "Improper and unscientific investigation methods" for example "using unproven tools and equipment", "sampling errors", "ineffectively using recording devices" and "focusing on the history of the location... and not the phenomena". In his article for <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> Radford concludes that ghost hunters should care about doing a truly scientific investigation: "I believe that if ghosts exist, they are important and deserve to be taken seriously. Most of the efforts to investigate ghosts so far have been badly flawed and unscientific – and, not surprisingly, fruitless."<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although some ghost hunters believe orbs are of supernatural origin, skeptic <a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(skeptic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Dunning (skeptic)">Brian Dunning</a> says that they are usually particles of dust that are reflected by light when a picture is taken, sometimes it may be bugs or water droplets. He contends that "there are no plausible hypotheses that describe the mechanism by which a person who dies will become a hovering ball of light that appears on film but is invisible to the eye." He does not believe there is any science behind these beliefs; if there were, then there would be some kind of discussion of who, what and why this can happen. In his investigations he can not find any "plausible hypothesis" that orbs are anything paranormal.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Science writer <a href="/wiki/Sharon_A._Hill" title="Sharon A. Hill">Sharon Hill</a> reviewed over 1,000 "amateur research and investigation groups" (ARIGs), writing that "879 identified with the category of 'ghosts'". Hill reports that many groups used the terms "science" or "scientific" when describing themselves; however they overwhelmingly display neither understanding of nor adherence to scientific norms. Hill writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>ARIGs often promote their paranormalist viewpoint as scientifically based, especially in community presentations or lectures at educational facilities. While scientifically minded observers can readily spot the anemic and shoddy scholarship of popular paranormal investigation, the public, unaware of the fundamental errors ARIGs make, can be persuaded by jargon and "sciencey" symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hill sees the supernatural bias of such groups as an indication of how "far removed ARIG participants really are from the established scientific community".<sup id="cite_ref-Hill_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Hill's 2017 book <i>Scientifical Americans,</i> reviewed by historian <a href="/wiki/Brian_Regal" title="Brian Regal">Brian Regal</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i> magazine, Regal notes that the book is particularly timely, as it addresses an era when many people question the authority of science. Regal wonders why believers think that "untutored amateurs know more (and are more trustworthy) than professional scholars".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also asks why there is little discussion on "philosophical and theological aspects of their work". For instance, theoretical questions such as "What is a ghost?" and "Does one's religion in life determine if they can become a ghost in death?" are left underexplored. Additionally, Hill gives a <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> of the field of "modern paranormal interest: <a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">monsters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">UFOs</a>, and ghosts." Hill does not insult or ridicule the people she writes about, but explains their stories through case studies. Regal feels that this book will not deter believers in the paranormal, but it is an important part of a "growing literature on amateur paranormal research". Regal states that paranormal researchers are not engaging in scientific discovery but rather in "blithely in <a href="/wiki/Confirmation_bias" title="Confirmation bias">confirmation bias</a>, selective evidence compiling, and the <a href="/wiki/Backfire_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Backfire effect">backfire effect</a> while all the time complaining that it is the other side doing it… They, like all of us, are ultimately not searching for ghosts… they are looking for themselves."<sup id="cite_ref-Regal_review_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Regal_review-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Biddle" title="Kenny Biddle">Kenny Biddle</a> is the Chief Investigator for the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> and writes a column for <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a> called <i>A Closer Look</i> (2018–present), on his use of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">scientific skepticism</a> to investigate paranormal claims, which include ghost photography, ghost hunting equipment and psychic ability. Biddle is a former ghost hunter turned scientific skeptic.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2018, Kenny Biddle, a skeptical investigator of paranormal claims, spent a night in the White Hill Mansion in <a href="/wiki/Fieldsboro,_New_Jersey" title="Fieldsboro, New Jersey">Fieldsboro, New Jersey</a>, along with a group of fellow skeptics. The mansion, built in 1757, has traditionally been visited by many ghost hunting teams who claim to have experienced paranormal activity and communicate with spirits via <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">EVPs</a> while there. According to Biddle, many of the ghost hunters claimed that the EVPs they obtained "were not just random responses; they were direct, intelligent responses to specific questions". To challenge these claims, Biddle's group conducted a controlled experiment: the group recorded audio while asking any spirits in the Mansion to help them in locating a small foam toy hidden somewhere on the premises by a third party. They asked direct questions, but no responses were detected during review of the audio. Biddle subsequently reset the experiment and has offered a prize to ghost hunters for proof of their claim that they can obtain direct answers from spirits via EVP.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Biddle has also criticized what he calls "paranormal gadgets" that are popular with ghost hunters, such as the Ovilus, a device designed to respond to electromagnetic field variations with words from a pre-programmed dictionary, which, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></i> resemble a "demonic Speak & Spell" whose "phrases often sound like they were cherry picked from a <a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> flick".<sup id="cite_ref-PM_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods_and_equipment">Methods and equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Methods and equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg/220px-K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg/330px-K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg/440px-K-II_~_Batanagar_Paranormal_Society_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The colored LEDs of a Safe Range EMF meter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ovilus_X.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ovilus_X.jpg/170px-Ovilus_X.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ovilus_X.jpg/255px-Ovilus_X.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Ovilus_X.jpg/340px-Ovilus_X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An Ovilus device, which plays recorded words from a pre-programmed dictionary in response to electromagnetic field variations.<sup id="cite_ref-PM_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PM-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is branded as "For Entertainment Purposes Only".</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irthermo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Irthermo.png/220px-Irthermo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Irthermo.png/330px-Irthermo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Irthermo.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A handheld infrared thermometer of the type used by some ghost hunters</figcaption></figure> <p>Ghost hunters use a variety of techniques and tools to investigate alleged paranormal activity.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there is no universal acceptance among ghost hunters of the following methodologies, a number of these are commonly used by ghost hunting groups.<sup id="cite_ref-sfgate_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgate-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Still_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Still image">Still</a> <a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_camera" title="Video camera">video</a></dt> <dd>These may use <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">night vision</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">infrared</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Disposable_camera" title="Disposable camera">disposable cameras</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/EMF_measurement" title="EMF measurement">EMF meter</a></dt> <dd>Used to detect possibly unexplained fluctuations in electromagnetic fields. The Safe Range EMF brand of meter, designed for use with power lines and household appliances, became popular after the <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghost Hunters (TV series)">Ghost Hunters</a></i> television series claimed it to be "specially calibrated for paranormal investigators". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i> attribute its popularity among ghost hunters to its brightly colored <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LED</a> display and propensity for <a href="/wiki/False_positive" class="mw-redirect" title="False positive">false positive</a> readings.<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet PC</a></dt> <dd>Used to record data, audio, video and even environmental fluctuations such as electromagnetic fields.<sup id="cite_ref-sfgate_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sfgate-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ambient_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient temperature">Ambient temperature</a> measurement</dt> <dd>Using <a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">thermographic cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera" title="Thermal imaging camera">thermal imaging cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">infrared thermometers</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> temperature sensors. All of these methods only measure surface temperature and not ambient temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Digital and <a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">analog</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio recording">audio recording</a></dt> <dd>These are used to capture any unexplained noises and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic voice phenomena">electronic voice phenomena</a> (EVPs), which may be interpreted as disembodied voices.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></dt> <dd>Some ghost hunters use a compass to determine the location of paranormal spots, similar to <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_field" title="Electromagnetic field">EMFs</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Geiger_counter" title="Geiger counter">Geiger counter</a></dt> <dd>Used to measure fluctuations in <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">Infrared</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrasonic sensor">ultrasonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Motion_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion sensor">motion sensors</a></dt> <dd>Used to detect possible anomalous movement within a given area, or to assist in creating a controlled environment where any human movement is detected.</dd> <dt>Air quality monitoring equipment</dt> <dd>This can assess the levels of gases such as <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>, which are thought to contribute to reports of <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> activity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Infrasound" title="Infrasound">Infrasound</a> monitoring equipment</dt> <dd>Used to assess the level of sound vibrations.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Dowsing_rod" class="mw-redirect" title="Dowsing rod">Dowsing rods</a></dt> <dd>These are usually constructed of brass and bent into an L-shape.</dd> <dt>Ghost boxes</dt> <dd>Radio devices which randomly scan AM and FM frequencies, presenting the audio as the words of spirits<sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Ouija" title="Ouija">Ouija</a> board</dt> <dd>Novelty items purportedly used to communicate with spirits.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Night_vision" title="Night vision">Night vision</a></dt> <dd>Both full spectrum video and photography are used by ghost hunters to visualize areas of the <a href="/wiki/Light_spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Light spectrum">light spectrum</a> unseen by the human eye including infrared and <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>.</dd> <dt>Trigger objects</dt> <dd>These are props or tools that ghost hunters claim can be used to attract an entity to interact. According to ghost hunters, this could be any object which might bring emotion or connection such as a <a href="/wiki/Teddy_bear" title="Teddy bear">teddy bear</a>, photo or a <a href="/wiki/Wedding_ring" title="Wedding ring">wedding band</a>, and some pieces of equipment have been designed within a trigger object in order to help detect a presence around the object.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic cameras</a></dt> <dd>According to ghost hunters these are helpful in detecting and visualizing temperature changes during an investigation.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Structured-light_3D_scanner" title="Structured-light 3D scanner">SLS</a> or Kinect camera</dt> <dd>This is a device that uses a pattern of infrared dots to detect objects in complete darkness. Analyzed by Kenny Biddle<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and found prone to spurious results when used as a non-stationary device.</dd> <dt>Vibration Activated Light Spheres</dt> <dd>Plastic balls which light up when detecting movement. These were not originally designed for paranormal investigations. Kenny Biddle found them to be very similar to commercial <a href="/wiki/Cat_toy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat toy">cat toys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Ghost hunters may employ the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Psychic" title="Psychic">psychics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">mediums</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Clairvoyant" class="mw-redirect" title="Clairvoyant">clairvoyants</a>. Trance mediums and other "<a href="/wiki/Sensitive_(pseudoscience)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensitive (pseudoscience)">sensitive</a>" individuals are thought to have the ability to identify and make contact with spiritual entities. <a href="/wiki/Demonologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonologist">Demonologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorcist" title="Exorcist">exorcists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a> may be brought in to say <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayers</a>, give <a href="/wiki/Blessing" title="Blessing">blessings</a>, or perform <a href="/wiki/Rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituals">rituals</a> for the purpose of cleansing a location of alleged <a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">ghosts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">poltergeists</a>, or "<a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">negative energy</a>". </p><p>Hunters may also collect local testimony and accounts about alleged hauntings, and research the <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> behind the site being investigated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_spots">Cold spots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cold spots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ghost hunters, a cold spot is an area of localized <a href="/wiki/Coldness" class="mw-redirect" title="Coldness">coldness</a> or a sudden decrease in <a href="/wiki/Ambient_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient temperature">ambient temperature</a>. Temperature decreases claimed to be associated with cold spots range from a few degrees <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> to over 40 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many ghost hunters use digital thermometers or heat sensing devices to measure such temperature changes. Believers claim that cold spots are an indicator of paranormal or spirit activity in the area; however, there are many natural explanations for rapid temperature variations within structures, and there is no scientifically confirmed evidence that spirit entities exist or can affect air temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-Nickell_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickell-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbs">Orbs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Orbs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some ghost hunters claim that circular artifacts appearing in photographs are <a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">spirits of the dead</a> or other paranormal phenomena;<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, such <a href="/wiki/Backscatter#In_photography" title="Backscatter">visual artifacts</a> are a result of <a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">flash photography</a> illuminating a mote of dust or other particle, and are especially common with modern <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera#Compacts" title="Digital camera">compact and ultra-compact digital cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuji_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuji-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baron2008_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baron2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nickell2010_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nickell2010-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depiction_in_media">Depiction in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Depiction in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghost_Hunters"><i>Ghost Hunters</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ghost Hunters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghost Hunters (TV series)">Ghost Hunters (TV series)</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hunters_(TV_series)" title="Ghost Hunters (TV series)">Ghost Hunters</a></i> features the activities of a <a href="/wiki/Warwick,_Rhode_Island" title="Warwick, Rhode Island">Warwick, Rhode Island</a>, ghost hunting group called <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic_Paranormal_Society" title="The Atlantic Paranormal Society">The Atlantic Paranormal Society</a> (TAPS). Since 2004, the program has garnered some of the highest ratings of any <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a> network programming, presenting a mix of paranormal investigation and interpersonal drama. It has since been syndicated on <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> sister cable channel <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(TV_network)" title="Oxygen (TV network)">Oxygen</a> and also airs on the Canadian cable network, <a href="/wiki/Bravo_(Canadian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bravo (Canadian TV network)">OLN</a>. In addition to their television venture, TAPS cast members also appear at lectures, conferences and public events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghost_Adventures"><i>Ghost Adventures</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ghost Adventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Adventures" title="Ghost Adventures">Ghost Adventures</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Adventures" title="Ghost Adventures">Ghost Adventures</a></i> premiered in 2008 on the <a href="/wiki/Travel_Channel" title="Travel Channel">Travel Channel</a>. The TV series features ghost hunters <a href="/wiki/Zak_Bagans" title="Zak Bagans">Zak Bagans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Groff" title="Nick Groff">Nick Groff</a> (seasons 1–10), <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Goodwin_(cameraman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron Goodwin (cameraman)">Aaron Goodwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Tolley" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Tolley">Billy Tolley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Wasley" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Wasley">Jay Wasley</a> as they investigate <a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations">reportedly haunted locations</a> hoping to collect visual or auditory evidence of <a href="/wiki/Paranormal_activity" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranormal activity">paranormal activity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poltergeist"><i>Poltergeist</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Poltergeist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poltergeist (film series)">Poltergeist (film series)</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a></i> is the original film in the <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(franchise)" title="Poltergeist (franchise)"><i>Poltergeist</i> trilogy</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Tobe_Hooper" title="Tobe Hooper">Tobe Hooper</a>, co-written by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> and released on June 4, 1982. The story focuses on the Freeling family, which consists of Steven (<a href="/wiki/Craig_T._Nelson" title="Craig T. Nelson">Craig T. Nelson</a>), Diane (<a href="/wiki/JoBeth_Williams" title="JoBeth Williams">JoBeth Williams</a>), Dana (<a href="/wiki/Dominique_Dunne" title="Dominique Dunne">Dominique Dunne</a>), Robbie (<a href="/wiki/Oliver_Robins" title="Oliver Robins">Oliver Robins</a>), and Carol Anne (<a href="/wiki/Heather_O%27Rourke" title="Heather O'Rourke">Heather O'Rourke</a>), who live in a California <a href="/wiki/Housing_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Housing development">housing development</a> called Cuesta Verde, which comes to be haunted by ghosts. The film depicts a group of paranormal investigators, <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychologists</a>, and a spiritual <a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">medium</a> named Tangina Barrons (<a href="/wiki/Zelda_Rubinstein" title="Zelda Rubinstein">Zelda Rubinstein</a>) in their efforts to assist the family. A reboot of the series, <i><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(2015_film)" title="Poltergeist (2015 film)">Poltergeist</a></i>, was directed by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kenan" title="Gil Kenan">Gil Kenan</a> and released on May 22, 2015, that features the host of a paranormal-themed TV show who comes to the aid of the family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ghostbusters"><i>Ghostbusters</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ghostbusters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters" title="Ghostbusters">Ghostbusters</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters" title="Ghostbusters">Ghostbusters</a></i> is a 1984 American <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">fantasy comedy</a> film produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Reitman" title="Ivan Reitman">Ivan Reitman</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Aykroyd" title="Dan Aykroyd">Dan Aykroyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Ramis" title="Harold Ramis">Harold Ramis</a>. It stars <a href="/wiki/Bill_Murray" title="Bill Murray">Bill Murray</a>, Aykroyd and Ramis as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Venkman" title="Peter Venkman">Peter Venkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Stantz" title="Ray Stantz">Ray Stantz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egon_Spengler" title="Egon Spengler">Egon Spengler</a>, eccentric <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychologists</a> who start a ghost-catching business in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. <i>Ghostbusters</i> was released in the United States on June 8, 1984, and grossed 242 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a> in the United States and more than 295 million USD worldwide, making it the highest-grossing comedy film of its time. It launched a <a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters_(franchise)" title="Ghostbusters (franchise)">media franchise</a>, which includes three sequels (<i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters_II" title="Ghostbusters II">Ghostbusters II</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters:_Afterlife" title="Ghostbusters: Afterlife">Ghostbusters: Afterlife</a> </i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters:_Frozen_Empire" title="Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire">Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire</a></i>), two animated television series (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Ghostbusters" title="The Real Ghostbusters">The Real Ghostbusters</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Ghostbusters" title="Extreme Ghostbusters">Extreme Ghostbusters</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ghostbusters_video_games" title="List of Ghostbusters video games">video games</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters_(2016_film)" title="Ghostbusters (2016 film)">2016 reboot</a>. The <i>Ghostbusters</i> concept was inspired by Aykroyd's fascination with the <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Conjuring"><i>The Conjuring</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Conjuring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring" title="The Conjuring">The Conjuring</a></div> <p><i>The Conjuring</i> is a 2013 American <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_horror_film" title="Supernatural horror film">supernatural horror film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Wan" title="James Wan">James Wan</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Chad_Hayes_(writer)" title="Chad Hayes (writer)">Chad Hayes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carey_W._Hayes" title="Carey W. Hayes">Carey W. Hayes</a>. It is the inaugural film in <a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring_Universe" title="The Conjuring Universe">The Conjuring Universe</a> franchise, in which <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wilson" title="Patrick Wilson">Patrick Wilson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vera_Farmiga" title="Vera Farmiga">Vera Farmiga</a> star as paranormal investigators <a href="/wiki/Ed_and_Lorraine_Warren" title="Ed and Lorraine Warren">Ed and Lorraine Warren</a>. Their purportedly real-life exploits inspired <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror" title="The Amityville Horror">The Amityville Horror</a></i> story and <a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(film_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amityville Horror (film series)">film franchise</a>. In <i>The Conjuring</i>, the Warrens come to the assistance of the Perron family, who experience increasingly disturbing events in their farmhouse in <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> in 1971. <i>The Conjuring</i> was released in the United States and Canada on July 19, 2013, and grossed over 319 million USD worldwide. A sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conjuring_2" title="The Conjuring 2">The Conjuring 2</a></i>, was released on June 10, 2016, and a prequel, <a href="/wiki/Annabelle_(film)" title="Annabelle (film)">Annabelle</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/John_R._Leonetti" title="John R. Leonetti">John R. Leonetti</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Dauberman" title="Gary Dauberman">Gary Dauberman</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Safran" title="Peter Safran">Peter Safran</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Wan" title="James Wan">James Wan</a> was released in 2014.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dark_Fall"><i>Dark Fall</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Dark Fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dark_Fall" title="Dark Fall">Dark Fall</a></div> <p>A 2002 <a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">point and click mystery</a> game set in the fictional town of Dowerton, England, where the abandoned Station Hotel has become the location of numerous disappearances, and is reported to be haunted. The players take the role of a man in the search for his lost brother, an architect who vanished while doing scouting and evaluation for a building company. A local team of ghost hunters disappeared there too, leaving all of their equipment and documentation behind. The game spawned a successful series of sequels, all dealing with the paranormal and mysterious ghost sightings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phasmophobia"><i>Phasmophobia</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Phasmophobia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Phasmophobia_(video_game)" title="Phasmophobia (video game)">Phasmophobia (video game)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinetic Games">Kinetic Games</a>'s indie survival horror game sees the player(s) take on the role of ghost hunters contracted to explore various premises for ghosts. The game received a large influx of popularity after its September 2020 release due to many well-known <a href="/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service)">Twitch</a> <a href="/wiki/Video_game_live_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game live streaming">streamers</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTuber" title="YouTuber">YouTubers</a> playing it, mainly for the <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> season.<sup id="cite_ref-Polygon_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polygon-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_series">Web series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Web series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buzzfeed_Unsolved"><i>Buzzfeed Unsolved</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Buzzfeed Unsolved"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_Unsolved" title="BuzzFeed Unsolved">BuzzFeed Unsolved</a></div> <p>The American entertainment <a href="/wiki/Web_series" title="Web series">web series</a> <i><a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed_Unsolved" title="BuzzFeed Unsolved">BuzzFeed Unsolved</a></i> included <i>BuzzFeed Unsolved Supernatural</i> episodes where hosts <a href="/wiki/Shane_Madej" title="Shane Madej">Shane Madej</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bergara" title="Ryan Bergara">Ryan Bergara</a> discussed alleged ghosts, hauntings and demons, often seeking evidence of their existence.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, Bergara and Madej left <a href="/wiki/BuzzFeed" title="BuzzFeed"><i>Buzzfeed</i></a> to host a web series similar to <i>Buzzfeed Unsolved Supernatural</i> called <i>Ghost Files</i> in 2022, documenting their attempts to find evidence of supernatural beings and occurrences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interest in ghost hunting has driven tourism to historical sites and locations claimed to be haunted. A study published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Hospitality_Quarterly" title="Cornell Hospitality Quarterly">Cornell Hospitality Quarterly</a></i> in 2020 stated that "haunted tourism has allowed attractions like historic house museums as well as abandoned hospitals, schools and prisons 'to remain intact' or bring in the money needed to make necessary improvements".<sup id="cite_ref-Yuko_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuko-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Architectural_historian" title="Architectural historian">architectural historian</a> Jen Levstik, revenues from haunted tourism can help fund historic preservation, "so long as the tours are also providing historically accurate information related to the property [and] the humanity of the people at those properties, and not just the salacious things that can't be backed up beyond hearsay or rumor."<sup id="cite_ref-Yuko_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuko-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legend_tripping" title="Legend tripping">Legend tripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">List of ghost films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape_theory" title="Stone Tape theory">Stone Tape theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ShadyScience-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ShadyScience_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRadford2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Radford, Benjamin</a> (27 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/strangenews/061027_ghost_hunters.html">"The Shady Science of Ghost Hunting"</a>. LiveScience<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shady+Science+of+Ghost+Hunting&rft.pub=LiveScience&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Fstrangenews%2F061027_ghost_hunters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/study-no-scientific-basis-for-vampires-ghosts">"Study: No Scientific Basis for Vampires, Ghosts"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. 2015-03-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Study%3A+No+Scientific+Basis+for+Vampires%2C+Ghosts&rft.date=2015-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fstudy-no-scientific-basis-for-vampires-ghosts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Regal" title="Brian Regal">Regal, Brian</a>. (2009). <i>Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia</i>. Greenwood. pp. 43, 75–77. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35507-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35507-3">978-0-313-35507-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSF-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NSF_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NSF_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616181809/http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind02/c7/c7s5.htm">"Relationships Between Science and Pseudoscience"</a>. <i>Science and Engineering Indicators, 2002</i>. National Science Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind02/c7/c7s5.htm">the original</a> on 16 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Engineering+Indicators%2C+2002&rft.atitle=Relationships+Between+Science+and+Pseudoscience&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsf.gov%2Fstatistics%2Fseind02%2Fc7%2Fc7s5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JenzenMunt2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JenzenMunt2014_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr_Olu_JenzenProfessor_Sally_R_Munt2014" class="citation book cs1">Dr Olu Jenzen; Professor Sally R Munt (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rvuAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT197"><i>The Ashgate Research Companion to Paranormal Cultures</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Confessions+of+a+Ghost+Tour+Guide+and+Skeptic&rft.pub=The+Committee+for+Skeptical+Inquiry&rft.date=2006-12-18&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Fconfessions_of_a_ghost_tour_guide_and_skeptic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2003/TRAVEL/10/30/sprj.ft03.hauntedsavannah/index.html">"Walk your scaredy-pants off in Savannah"</a>. <i>CNN.com Travel</i>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 2003-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1974). <i>Harry Price: The Biography of a Ghosthunter</i>. Sphere Books. pp. 43–48. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7221-8326-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7221-8326-7">0-7221-8326-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Leaves from a Psychist's Case Book</i> by Harry Price, Page 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall (1978) p. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall (1978) pp. 136–153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Price. (1942). <i>Search for truth: My Life for Psychical Research</i>. Collins p. 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Price. (1939). <i>Fifty Years of Psychical Research</i>. Longmans, Green & Co. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-4242-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-4242-8">978-0-7661-4242-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Spence" title="Lewis Spence">Lewis Spence</a>. (1991). <i>Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Daily&rft.atitle=%27Buzzfeed%3A+Unsolved%27+a+spooky+salve+for+a+lonely+generation&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft.aulast=Anantharaman&rft.aufirst=Maitreyi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigandaily.com%2Fsection%2Farts%2F%25E2%2580%2598buzzfeed-unsolved%25E2%2580%2599-spooky-salve-lonely-generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuko-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yuko_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuko_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuko2021" class="citation news cs1">Yuko, Elizabeth (28 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-10-28/when-ghost-hunters-become-historic-preservationists">"The Terrifying Rise of Haunted Tourism"</a>. <i>bloomberg.com</i>. Bloomberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=The+Terrifying+Rise+of+Haunted+Tourism&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft.aulast=Yuko&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2021-10-28%2Fwhen-ghost-hunters-become-historic-preservationists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2014/10/31/the-boo-tiful-business-of-ghost-tourism/">"The Boo tiful Business of Ghost Tourism"</a>. <i>fortune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fortune&rft.atitle=The+Boo+tiful+Business+of+Ghost+Tourism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2014%2F10%2F31%2Fthe-boo-tiful-business-of-ghost-tourism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-10-28/when-ghost-hunters-become-historic-preservationists">"When Ghost Hunters Became Historic Preservationists"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=When+Ghost+Hunters+Became+Historic+Preservationists&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2021-10-28%2Fwhen-ghost-hunters-become-historic-preservationists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea2021" class="citation web cs1">Lea, Robert (31 Oct 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/ghost-hunters-who-use-science-reveal-what-other-paranormal-investigators-get-wrong-1642693">"Ghost Hunters Who Use Science Reveal What Other Paranormal Investigators Get Wrong"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Ghost+Hunters+Who+Use+Science+Reveal+What+Other+Paranormal+Investigators+Get+Wrong&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fghost-hunters-who-use-science-reveal-what-other-paranormal-investigators-get-wrong-1642693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghost_hunting&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paranormal_investigators" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paranormal investigators">Paranormal investigators</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/podcast/ghost-hunting-in-the-19th-century">"Ghost Hunting in the 19th Century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Audio with transcript)</span>. <i>Science History Institute 'Distillations' Podcast Episode 277</i>. 6 Jul 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute+%27Distillations%27+Podcast+Episode+277&rft.atitle=Ghost+Hunting+in+the+19th+Century&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Fpodcast%2Fghost-hunting-in-the-19th-century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunning2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Dunning, Brian</a> (January 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4081">"Skeptoid #81: Ghost Hunting Tools of the Trade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)#Skeptoid_podcasts" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Skeptoid</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid&rft.atitle=Skeptoid+%2381%3A+Ghost+Hunting+Tools+of+the+Trade&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fepisodes%2F4081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGhost+hunting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticblog.org/2010/11/08/ghost-hunting-science-vs-pseudoscience/">"Ghost Hunting Science Vs Pseudoscience"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Novella" title="Steven Novella">Steven Novella</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/gadgets/a23563/ghost-hunting-gadgets">"Proton Packs and Teddy Bears: The Pseudoscientific History of Ghost Hunting Gadgets"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_cult_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo cult science">Cargo cult science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">Charlatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">Crank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_theory" title="Fringe theory">Fringe theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fringe_science" title="Fringe science">Fringe science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomathematics" title="Pseudomathematics">Pseudomathematics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_science" title="Junk science">Junk science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathological_science" title="Pathological science">Pathological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_oil" title="Snake oil">Snake oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superseded_theories_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Superseded theories in science">Superseded scientific theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True-believer_syndrome" title="True-believer syndrome">True-believer syndrome</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Science" title="Voodoo Science">Voodoo Science</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">Topics <br />characterized as <br />pseudoscience</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biorhythm_(pseudoscience)" title="Biorhythm (pseudoscience)">Biorhythms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodletting" title="Bloodletting">Bloodletting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_memory" title="Body memory">Body memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doktor_Koster%27s_Antigaspills" title="Doktor Koster's Antigaspills">Doktor Koster's Antigaspills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism" title="Germ theory denialism">Germ theory denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_chemicals_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory">LGBT chemicals conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_effect" title="Lunar effect">Lunar effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">Miracle Mineral Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmistry" title="Palmistry">Palmistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchagavya" title="Panchagavya">Panchagavya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_medicine" title="Patent medicine">Patent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primal_therapy" title="Primal therapy">Primal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">Trepanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_syndrome" title="Wind turbine syndrome">Wind turbine syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Salibi#Arabian_Judah_theory" title="Kamal Salibi">Arabian Judah theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophism" title="Catastrophism">Catastrophism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G#Misinformation_and_controversy" title="5G">5G conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories" title="9/11 conspiracy theories">9/11 conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory" title="Chemtrail conspiracy theory">Chemtrail conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_denial" title="Climate change denial">Climate change denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation#Generational_theory" title="Generation">Generational theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generationism" title="Generationism">Generationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strauss%E2%80%93Howe_generational_theory" title="Strauss–Howe generational theory">Strauss–Howe generational theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigo_children" title="Indigo children">Indigo children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japhetic_theory" title="Japhetic theory">Japhetic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_archaeology" title="Nazi archaeology">Nazi archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoarchaeology" title="Pseudoarchaeology">Pseudoarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudolaw" title="Pseudolaw">Pseudolaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered-memory_therapy" title="Recovered-memory therapy">Recovered-memory therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Past_life_regression" title="Past life regression">Past life regression</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryan_race" title="Aryan race">Aryan race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanin_theory" title="Melanin theory">Melanin theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indicator" title="Myers–Briggs Type Indicator">Myers–Briggs Type Indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enneagram_of_Personality" title="Enneagram of Personality">Enneagram of Personality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gravity" title="Anti-gravity">Anti-gravity‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_fusion" title="Cold fusion">Cold fusion‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">Faster-than-light travel</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">Perpetual motion</a>‎</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionless_drive" title="Reactionless drive">Reactionless drive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_drive" title="Dean drive">Dean drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EmDrive" title="EmDrive">EMDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation" title="Teleportation">Teleportation‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tractor_beam" title="Tractor beam">Tractor beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water-fueled_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-fueled car">Water-fueled car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ape_hypothesis" title="Aquatic ape hypothesis">Aquatic ape hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_transmutation" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological transmutation">Biological transmutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_science" title="Creation science">Creation science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptozoology" title="Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditing_(Scientology)" title="Auditing (Scientology)">Auditing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">Dowsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">Graphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">Intelligent design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_ball" title="Laundry ball">Laundry ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levitation_(paranormal)" title="Levitation (paranormal)">Levitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysenkoism" title="Lysenkoism">Lysenkoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygraph" title="Polygraph">Polygraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific_metrology" title="Pseudoscientific metrology">Pseudoscientific metrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statement_analysis" title="Statement analysis">Statement analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ufology" title="Ufology">Ufology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_stress_analysis" title="Voice stress analysis">Voice stress analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_memory" title="Water memory">Water memory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Promoters of<br />pseudoscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sucharit_Bhakdi" title="Sucharit Bhakdi">Sucharit Bhakdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Bigtree" title="Del Bigtree">Del Bigtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_and_Grichka_Bogdanoff" title="Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff">Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Boisselier" title="Brigitte Boisselier">Brigitte Boisselier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Byrne" title="Rhonda Byrne">Rhonda Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charroux" title="Robert Charroux">Robert Charroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonaid" title="Clonaid">Clonaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Coleman" title="Vernon Coleman">Vernon Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_L._Donnelly" title="Ignatius L. Donnelly">Ignatius L. Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia,_Inc." title="Gaia, Inc.">Gaia, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Gonzalez_(physician)" title="Nicholas Gonzalez (physician)">Nicholas Gonzalez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goop_(company)" title="Goop (company)">Goop (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Hancock" title="Graham Hancock">Graham Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Icke" title="David Icke">David Icke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Donald_Kelley" title="William Donald Kelley">William Donald Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corentin_Louis_Kervran" title="Corentin Louis Kervran">Corentin Louis Kervran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_(newspaper)" title="The Light (newspaper)">The Light (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Mike Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_McCarthy" title="Jenny McCarthy">Jenny McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mercola" title="Joseph Mercola">Joseph Mercola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Mikovits" title="Judy Mikovits">Judy Mikovits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Morell" title="Theodor Morell">Theodor Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Alfred_Nieper" title="Hans Alfred Nieper">Hans Alfred Nieper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Oz" title="Mehmet Oz">Mehmet Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABl" title="Raël">Raël</a> (<a href="/wiki/Claude_Vorilhon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Vorilhon">Claude Vorilhon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Robby Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stone" title="Randolph Stone">Randolph Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield" title="Andrew Wakefield">Andrew Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogdanov_affair" title="Bogdanov affair">Bogdanov affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_pseudoscience" title="Bourgeois pseudoscience">Bourgeois pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarcation_problem" title="Demarcation problem">Demarcation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method">Scientific method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppressed_research_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppressed research in the Soviet Union">Suppressed research in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cults_of_Unreason" title="Cults of Unreason">Cults of Unreason</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fads_and_Fallacies_in_the_Name_of_Science" title="Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science">Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortean_Times" title="Fortean Times">Fortean Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackwatch" title="Quackwatch">Quackwatch</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World" title="The Demon-Haunted World">The Demon-Haunted World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Natural_History_of_Quackery" class="mw-redirect" title="The Natural History of Quackery">The Natural History of Quackery</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Psychology_of_the_Occult" title="The Psychology of the Occult">The Psychology of the Occult</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ragged_Edge_of_Science" title="The Ragged Edge of Science">The Ragged Edge of Science</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic_Encyclopedia_of_Pseudoscience" title="The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience">The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ghosts_and_ghostlore254" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ghosts" title="Template:Ghosts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ghosts" title="Template talk:Ghosts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ghosts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ghosts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ghosts_and_ghostlore254" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghostlore" title="Ghostlore">ghostlore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghosts" title="List of ghosts">List of ghosts</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_the_dead" title="Veneration of the dead">Ancestral spirits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_ghost_lights" title="Atmospheric ghost lights">Ghost lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations" title="List of reportedly haunted locations">Haunted locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_highways" title="List of reportedly haunted highways">Haunted highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haunted_house" title="Haunted house">Haunted house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_train" title="Ghost train">Haunted trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_ship" title="Ghost ship">Haunted ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_ghost" title="Hungry ghost">Hungry ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist" title="Poltergeist">Poltergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Tape_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone Tape Theory">Residual haunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengeful_ghost" title="Vengeful ghost">Vengeful ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_dead" title="Procession of the dead">Procession of the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent<br />and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madam_Koi_Koi" title="Madam Koi Koi">Madam Koi Koi</a></li> <li>South Africa (<a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_South_Africa" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in South Africa">locations</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nat_(deity)" title="Nat (deity)">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Chinese_culture" title="Ghosts in Chinese culture">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_China" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in China">locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Tibetan_culture" title="Ghosts in Tibetan culture">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souls_in_Filipino_cultures" title="Souls in Filipino cultures">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_Philippines" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the Philippines">locations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Ghost Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoota_(ghost)" title="Bhoota (ghost)">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_India" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in India">locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Bengali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABrei" title="Yūrei">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Japan" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Japan">locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onry%C5%8D" title="Onryō">Onryō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwisin" title="Gwisin">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Malay_culture" title="Ghosts in Malay culture">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Thai_culture" title="Ghosts in Thai culture">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Thailand" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Thailand">locations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Vietnamese_culture" title="Ghosts in Vietnamese culture">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_English-speaking_cultures" title="Ghosts in English-speaking cultures">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Scotland" title="Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland">locations in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United Kingdom">locations in United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li>France <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_France" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in France">locations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_beings_in_Slavic_religion" title="Supernatural beings in Slavic religion">Slavic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Romania" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Romania">Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Canada" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li>Caribbean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duppy" title="Duppy">Duppy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Navajo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chindi" title="Chindi">Chindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_sickness" title="Ghost sickness">Ghost sickness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Mexican_culture" title="Ghosts in Mexican culture">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Mexico" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Mexico">locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_United_States" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_California" title="Reportedly haunted locations in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_ghostlore" title="Indiana ghostlore">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Oregon" title="Reportedly haunted locations in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Pennsylvania" title="Reportedly haunted locations in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reportedly_haunted_locations_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Reportedly haunted locations in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reportedly_haunted_locations_in_Colombia" title="List of reportedly haunted locations in Colombia">Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Polynesian_culture" title="Ghosts in Polynesian culture">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_and_spirits_in_M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Ghosts and spirits in Māori culture">Maori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Mesopotamian_religions" title="Ghosts in Mesopotamian religions">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_conception_of_the_soul" title="Ancient Egyptian conception of the soul">Ancient Egyptian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_(mythology)" title="Shade (mythology)">Classical antiquity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparitional_experience" title="Apparitional experience">Apparitional experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voice_phenomenon" title="Electronic voice phenomenon">Electronic voice phenomenon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghost hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">Mediumship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_photography" title="Spirit photography">Spirit photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Films about ghosts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_ghost_movie" title="Indian ghost movie">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_horror" title="Indonesian horror">Indonesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Stories about ghosts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaidan" title="Kaidan">Kaidan</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_television" title="Paranormal television">Paranormal television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Court cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Booty_v_Barnaby" title="Booty v Barnaby">Booty v Barnaby</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Ghost_murder_case" title="Hammersmith Ghost murder case">Hammersmith Ghost murder case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_ghosts" title="Fear of ghosts">Fear of ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectrophilia" title="Spectrophilia">Spectrophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kardecist_spiritism" title="Kardecist spiritism">Kardecist spiritism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_Club" title="The Ghost Club">The Ghost Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist" title="Geist">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(animating_force)" title="Spirit (animating force)">Spirit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ghosts" title="Category:Ghosts">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hunting_topics139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hunting_topics" title="Template talk:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hunting topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hunting_topics139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting,_fishing_and_animals_in_ancient_Egypt" title="Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">Hunter-gatherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_hunting" title="Medieval hunting">Medieval hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_hunt_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty">Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_hunting_technologies" title="North American hunting technologies">North American hunting technologies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-fowling" title="Bat-fowling">Bat-fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagling" title="Beagling">Beagling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowhunting" title="Bowhunting">Bowhunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_hunting" title="Big-game hunting">Big-game hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coursing" title="Coursing">Coursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_stalker" title="Game stalker">Game stalkering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigging" title="Gigging">Gigging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_hunting" title="Green hunting">Green hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">Falconry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_with_eagles" title="Hunting with eagles">Eagles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sports" title="Field sports">Field sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fowling" title="Fowling">Fowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_hunting" title="Handgun hunting">Handgun hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_hunting" title="Internet hunting">Internet hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layout_hunting" title="Layout hunting">Layout hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monter%C3%ADa_(hunt)" title="Montería (hunt)">Montería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttonbirding" title="Muttonbirding">Muttonbirding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistence_hunting" title="Persistence hunting">Persistence hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pest_control" title="Pest control">Pest control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plume_hunting" title="Plume hunting">Plume hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlighting" title="Spotlighting">Spotlighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_hunting" title="Trophy hunting">Trophy hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Trapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_hunting" title="Trail hunting">Trail hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treeing" title="Treeing">Treeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upland_hunting" title="Upland hunting">Upland hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_hunting" title="Varmint hunting">Varmint hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venatio" title="Venatio">Venatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfowl_hunting" title="Waterfowl hunting">Waterfowl hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">Camouflage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_call" title="Game call">Game call</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duck_call" title="Duck call">Duck call</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghillie_suit" title="Ghillie suit">Ghillie suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_bag" title="Hunting bag">Hunting bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_weapon" title="Hunting weapon">Hunting weapon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gun" title="Air gun">Air gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assegai" title="Assegai">Assegai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_spear" title="Bear spear">Bear spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">Boar spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blowgun" title="Blowgun">Blowgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">Spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">Throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sticks_(weapon_mount)" title="Shooting sticks (weapon mount)">Shooting sticks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_hunting" title="Alligator hunting">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Five_game" title="Big Five game">Big five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bison_hunting" title="Bison hunting">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar_hunting" title="Boar hunting">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coon_hunting" title="Coon hunting">Raccoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_hunting" title="Deer hunting">Deer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deer_stalking" title="Deer stalking">Stalking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_hunting" title="Fox hunting">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_hunting" title="Human hunting">Human</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headhunting" title="Headhunting">Headhunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal_coursing" title="Jackal coursing">Jackal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink_hunting" title="Mink hunting">Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_game" title="Plains game">Plains game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbiting" title="Rabbiting">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_shooting" title="Rook shooting">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_hunting" title="Tiger hunting">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_hunting" title="Turkey hunting">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_hunting" title="Lion hunting">Lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_hunting" title="Quail hunting">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting_with_dogs" title="Wolf hunting with dogs">With dogs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">Seal</a></li> <li>Squirrel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_poaching" title="Squirrel poaching">Poaching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_drive_hunting" title="Dolphin drive hunting">Dolphin drive hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_hunting_of_the_bowhead_whale" title="Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale">Subsistence hunting of the bowhead whale</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_pound" title="Buffalo pound">Buffalo pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_(land)" title="Chase (land)">Chase (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_park_(England)" title="Deer park (England)">Deer park (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_forest" title="Deer forest">Deer forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_kite" title="Desert kite">Desert kite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_larder" title="Game larder">Game larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">Game reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_farm" title="Game farm">Game farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guest_ranch" title="Guest ranch">Guest ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_blind" title="Hunting blind">Hunting blind</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bird_hide" title="Bird hide">Bird hide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salter_(trap)" title="Salter (trap)">Salter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_lodge" title="Sporting lodge">Sporting lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Jagdschloss</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_trap" title="Wolf trap">Wolf trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Australia" title="Hunting in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dugong_hunting_in_Australia" title="Dugong hunting in Australia">Dugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_industry" title="Kangaroo industry">Kangaroo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Azerbaijan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_tiger_hunts_in_Azerbaijan" title="Historical tiger hunts in Azerbaijan">Tiger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Cambodia" title="Hunting in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li>Chad <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Chad" title="Elephant hunting in Chad">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Greenland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer_hunting_in_Greenland" title="Reindeer hunting in Greenland">Reindeer</a></li></ul></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_poaching_in_India" title="Tiger poaching in India">Tiger poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_poaching_in_Assam" title="Rhino poaching in Assam">Rhino poaching in Assam</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kenya <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_hunting_in_Kenya" title="Elephant hunting in Kenya">Elephant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_New_Zealand" title="Hunting in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter-based_hunting_in_Fiordland" title="Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland">Helicopter-based hunting in Fiordland</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pakistan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trophy_hunting_in_Pakistan" title="Trophy hunting in Pakistan">Trophy hunting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Russia" title="Hunting in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Romania" title="Hunting in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_Spain" title="Hunting in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_hunting_reserves_in_Switzerland" title="List of federal hunting reserves in Switzerland">Federal hunting reserves</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tonga <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_snaring" title="Pigeon snaring">Pigeon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_in_the_United_States" title="Hunting in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Hunting and fishing in Alaska">Alaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation and conservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_(fishing_and_hunting)" title="Bag (fishing and hunting)">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag_limits" title="Bag limits">Bag limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_management" title="Deer management">Deer management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Act_1831" title="Game Act 1831">Game Act 1831</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_law" title="Game law">Game law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_preservation" title="Game preservation">Game preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Act_2004" title="Hunting Act 2004">Hunting Act 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_season" title="Hunting season">Hunting season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_hunting" title="Sustainable hunting">Sustainable hunting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambi_effect" title="Bambi effect">Bambi effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooding_(hunting)" title="Blooding (hunting)">Blooding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_hunt" title="Canned hunt">Canned hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_hawking" title="Car hawking">Car hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_ague" title="Duck ague">Duck ague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconry_training_and_technique" title="Falconry training and technique">Falconry training and technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_chase" title="Fair chase">Fair chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_dressing_(hunting)" title="Field dressing (hunting)">Field dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamekeepers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom">Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillie" title="Gillie">Gillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_dog" title="Hunting dog">Hunting dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_dog" title="Gun dog">Gun dog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_magic" title="Hunting magic">Hunting magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">List of hunting deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_big-game_hunters" title="List of big-game hunters">List of big-game hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_hunting" title="Opposition to hunting">Opposition to hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parahawking" title="Parahawking">Parahawking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_hunter" title="Professional hunter">Professional hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Cecil_the_lion" title="Killing of Cecil the lion">Killing of Cecil the lion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raptor_persecution" title="Raptor persecution">Raptor persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_orange" title="Safety orange">Safety orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_(hunting)" title="Take (hunting)">Take</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracking_(hunting)" title="Tracking (hunting)">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_hunter" title="White hunter">White hunter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boone_and_Crockett_Club" title="Boone and Crockett Club">Boone and Crockett Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countryside_Alliance" title="Countryside Alliance">Countryside Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducks_Unlimited" title="Ducks Unlimited">Ducks Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Associations_for_Hunting_and_Conservation_of_the_EU" title="Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU">Federation of Associations for Hunting and Conservation of the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Hunters%27_Association" title="Finnish Hunters' Association">Finnish Hunters' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Saboteurs_Association" title="Hunt Saboteurs Association">Hunt Saboteurs Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humane_Society_of_the_United_States" title="Humane Society of the United States">Humane Society of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Against_Cruel_Sports" title="League Against Cruel Sports">League Against Cruel Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Falconers_Association" title="North American Falconers Association">North American Falconers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Animals" title="People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals">People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club_International" title="Safari Club International">Safari Club International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">Bowfishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_sport" title="Blood sport">Blood sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_hunting" title="Drag hunting">Drag hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_trial" title="Field trial">Field trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">Fur trade</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink 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