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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pengembalian_kemerdekaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengembalian_kemerdekaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pengembalian kemerdekaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengembalian_kemerdekaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riigikogu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yang_di-Pertua_Riigikogu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Yang di-Pertua Riigikogu</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riigikogu-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Yang di-Pertua Riigikogu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riigikogu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1921–1937" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1921–1937"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1921–1937</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1921–1937-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riigivolikogu_(dewan_bawahan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yang_di-Pertua_Riigivolikogu_(dewan_bawahan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Yang di-Pertua Riigivolikogu (dewan bawahan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riigivolikogu_(dewan_bawahan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riiginõukogu_(dewan_atasan)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yang_di-Pertua_Riiginõukogu_(dewan_atasan)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Yang di-Pertua Riiginõukogu (dewan atasan)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Riiginõukogu_(dewan_atasan)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengerusi_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengerusi_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pengerusi Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengerusi_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yang_di-Pertua_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Yang di-Pertua Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yang_di-Pertua_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejak_1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejak_1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Sejak 1992</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejak_1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canselori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canselori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Canselori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canselori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petikan_dan_rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petikan_dan_rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Petikan dan rujukan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Petikan_dan_rujukan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Petikan dan rujukan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Petikan_dan_rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sumber_dipetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_dipetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Sumber dipetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_dipetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Riigikogu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 50 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="برلمان إستونيا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برلمان إستونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Рыйгікогу – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыйгікогу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Парлямэнт Эстоніі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парлямэнт Эстоніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3_(%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Рийгиког (Естония) – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рийгиког (Естония)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Εσθονικό Κοινοβούλιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσθονικό Κοινοβούλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamento_de_Estonio" title="Parlamento de Estonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parlamento de Estonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مجلس استونی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مجلس استونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EA%B8%B0%EC%BD%94%EA%B5%AC" title="리기코구 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리기코구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ռիյգիկոգու – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիյգիկոգու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95" title="ריגיקוגו – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריגיקוגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3" title="რიიგიკოგუ – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიიგიკოგუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%ABgikogu" title="Rīgikogu – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rīgikogu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estijos_Respublikos_Rygikogas" title="Estijos Respublikos Rygikogas – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estijos Respublikos Rygikogas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Рийгикогу – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рийгикогу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B0" title="リーギコグ – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リーギコグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rieksdag_(Eestland)" title="Rieksdag (Eestland) – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rieksdag (Eestland)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgromadzenie_Pa%C5%84stwowe" title="Zgromadzenie Państwowe – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zgromadzenie Państwowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Рийгикогу – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рийгикогу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riygikogu" title="Riygikogu – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Riygikogu" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%8B_vi%E1%BB%87n_Estonia" title="Nghị viện Estonia – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghị viện Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Riigikogu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Рийгикогу – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Рийгикогу" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83" title="Рійгікогу – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рійгікогу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigikogo" title="Riigikogo – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Riigikogo" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A_(%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A)" title="国会 (爱沙尼亚) – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国会 (爱沙尼亚)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217799#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Riigikogu&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Riigikogu" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Riigikogu" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&oldid=5806644" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Riigikogu&id=5806644&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRiigikogu"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRiigikogu"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Riigikogu"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Riigikogu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parliament_of_Estonia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q217799" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #ededed; ; padding: 0.2em 0em">Dewan Negara Estonia<br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname">Riigikogu</span><span class="nickname"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Riigikogu_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Riigikogu_logo.svg/170px-Riigikogu_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Riigikogu_logo.svg/255px-Riigikogu_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Riigikogu_logo.svg/340px-Riigikogu_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XIV_Riigikogu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XIV Riigikogu (laman tidak wujud)">XIV Riigikogu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Jenis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jenis</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ekadewan" title="Ekadewan">Ekadewan</a></span> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diasaskan</th><td class="infobox-data">23 April 1919<span class="noprint">; 105 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1919-04-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dibubarkan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penaklukan_negara-negara_Baltik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penaklukan negara-negara Baltik (laman tidak wujud)">1940–1991</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Kepimpinan</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Presiden</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCri_Ratas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jüri Ratas (laman tidak wujud)">Jüri Ratas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Tengah_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Tengah Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Tengah</a> <br />sejak 18 Mac 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Naib Presiden I</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helir-Valdor_Seeder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helir-Valdor Seeder (laman tidak wujud)">Helir-Valdor Seeder</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isamaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isamaa (laman tidak wujud)">Isamaa</a> <br />sejak 19 Julai 2022 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Naib Presiden II</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.3em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Helme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Helme (laman tidak wujud)">Martin Helme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=EKRE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EKRE (laman tidak wujud)">EKRE</a> <br />sejak 18 Mac 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Struktur</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ahli</th><td class="infobox-data">101</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jawatankuasa</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"><div>11 jawatankuasa</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Perlembagaan</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hal-Ehwal Budaya</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hal-Ehwal Ekonomi</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Alam Sekitar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hal-Ehwal Kesatuan Eropah</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kewangan</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luar Negeri</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Perundangan</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Pertahanan Negara</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Luar Bandar</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hal-Ehwal Sosial</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Pilihan raya</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Sistem pengundian</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Perwakilan_berkadar" title="Perwakilan berkadar">Perwakilan berkadar senarai parti</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaedah_D%27Hondt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaedah D'Hondt (laman tidak wujud)">Kaedah D'Hondt terbitan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Pilihan raya terakhir</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_parlimen_Estonia_2023" title="Pilihan raya parlimen Estonia 2023">5 Mac 2023</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Tempat persidangan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Riigikogu_(2011).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg/260px-Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg/390px-Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg/520px-Riigikogu_%282011%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1787" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_Toompea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana Toompea (laman tidak wujud)">Istana Toompea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riigikogu.ee">www.riigikogu.ee</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed;">Catatan kaki</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><small><li id="cnote_A" value="1"><b><a href="#ref_A_1">^</a></b> Unaffiliated MP <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raimond_Kaljulaid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raimond Kaljulaid (laman tidak wujud)">Raimond Kaljulaid</a> votes with SDE, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anastassia_Kovalenko-K%C3%B5lvart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anastassia Kovalenko-Kõlvart (laman tidak wujud)">Anastassia Kovalenko-Kõlvart</a> votes with Centre, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Repinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Repinski (laman tidak wujud)">Martin Repinski</a> left Centre. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihhail_Stalnuhhin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihhail Stalnuhhin (laman tidak wujud)">Mihhail Stalnuhhin</a> was expelled from Centre on September 6 2022<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigikogu.ee/riigikogu/koosseis/riigikogu-liikmed/?searchByFraction%5B5%5D=c99e4e31-617c-49ad-bfa6-814736842182&search=search">"Riigikogu liikmed"</a>. <i>Riigikogu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riigikogu&rft.atitle=Riigikogu+liikmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikogu.ee%2Friigikogu%2Fkoosseis%2Friigikogu-liikmed%2F%3FsearchByFraction%255B5%255D%3Dc99e4e31-617c-49ad-bfa6-814736842182%26search%3Dsearch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #ededed"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;" title="Sunting bahagian atas laman"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;" title="Sunting puncak laman ini">sunting</span></a></span> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_badan_perundangan" title="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini"><img alt="Lihat pendokumenan templat ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/13px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/26px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Lihat pendokumenan templat ini</figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Riigikogu</b> (<small>sebutan bahasa Estonia: </small><span class="IPA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">[ˈriːɡikoɡu]</a></span>; daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia">Estonia</a> <i>riigi-</i>, "negara", dan <i>kogu</i>, "perhimpunan") ialah <a href="/wiki/Parlimen" title="Parlimen">parlimen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_satu_kamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem satu kamar">ekadewan</a> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. Di samping meluluskan perundangan, Parlimen melantik pegawai tinggi, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Estonia" title="Perdana Menteri Estonia">Perdana Menteri</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahkamah_Agung_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahkamah Agung Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">Ketua Hakim Mahkamah Agung</a>, dan memilih (sama ada bersendirian atau, jika perlu, bersama-sama dengan wakil kerajaan tempatan dalam kolej pilihan raya yang lebih luas), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presiden_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presiden Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">Presiden</a>. Antara tugasnya yang lain, Riigikogu juga meratifikasi perjanjian asing yang penting yang mengenakan kewajipan ketenteraan dan proprietari dan membawa perubahan dalam undang-undang, serta meluluskan belanjawan yang dibentangkan oleh kerajaan sebagai undang-undang, dan memantau kuasa eksekutif. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>23 April 1919, tarikh pembukaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">Dewan Perlembagaan Estonia</a> dianggap sebagai tarikh penubuhan Parlimen Estonia.<sup id="cite_ref-RK_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RK-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ditubuhkan di bawah <a href="/wiki/Perlembagaan_Estonia" title="Perlembagaan Estonia">perlembagaan 1920</a>, Riigikogu mempunyai 100 ahli yang dipilih bagi penggal tiga tahun berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Perwakilan_berkadar" title="Perwakilan berkadar">perwakilan berkadar</a>. Pilihan raya ditetapkan pada Ahad pertama pada bulan Mei tahun ketiga parlimen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilihan raya pertama Riigikogu berlaku pada 1920. Dari 1923 hingga 1932, terdapat empat lagi pilihan raya untuk Riigikogu. Pilihan raya adalah berdasarkan wilayah tanpa sebarang ambang dalam dua pilihan raya pertama, tetapi dari tahun 1926 ambang sederhana (2%) telah digunakan. Sesi Riigikogu berlangsung di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istana_Toompea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istana Toompea (laman tidak wujud)">Istana Toompea</a>, di mana sebuah bangunan baru dalam gaya Ekspresionis yang luar biasa telah didirikan di bekas halaman istana zaman pertengahan pada 1920–1922. </p><p>Pada 1933. pindaan kepada Perlembagaan pertama telah diluluskan melalui referendum, di mana lebih banyak kuasa diberikan kepada Presiden eksekutif. Pada tahun berikutnya, Presiden menggunakan kuasa baru ini untuk menangguhkan parlimen dan mengisytiharkan <a href="/wiki/Undang-undang_tentera" title="Undang-undang tentera">undang-undang tentera</a> untuk mengelak dakwaan rampasan kuasa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1937, perlembagaan kedua telah diluluskan melalui referendum yang menyaksikan pengenalan dua dewan perundangan, Dewan Perwakilan (<i>Riigivolikogu</i>) dan Majlis Kebangsaan (<i>Riiginõukogu</i>). Pilihan raya kemudiannya diadakan pada tahun 1938 di mana hanya calon individu dibenarkan bertanding. </p><p>Semasa tempoh pendudukan <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Soviet" title="Kesatuan Soviet">Soviet</a> (1940–41), <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Nazi" title="Jerman Nazi">Jerman</a> (1941–44), dan sekali lagi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_negeri-negeri_Baltik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendudukan negeri-negeri Baltik (laman tidak wujud)">Soviet</a> (1944–1991), Parlimen telah dibubarkan. Premis <i>Riigikogu</i> digunakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Tertinggi_SSR_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Tertinggi SSR Estonia (laman tidak wujud)">Soviet Tertinggi SSR Estonia</a> semasa pendudukan Soviet kedua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengembalian_kemerdekaan">Pengembalian kemerdekaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengembalian kemerdekaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengembalian kemerdekaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada September 1992, setahun selepas Estonia memperoleh semula kemerdekaannya daripada Kesatuan Soviet, pilihan raya ke Parlimen diadakan berdasarkan perlembagaan ketiga Estonia yang diterima pakai dalam referendum pada musim panas tahun sama. Perlembagaan 1992 yang menggabungkan unsur-unsur Perlembagaan 1920 dan 1938 dan secara khusus menegaskan kesinambungannya dengan negara Estonia seperti yang wujud antara 1918 dan 1940, menyaksikan kembalinya parlimen ekadewan dengan 101 ahli. Pilihan raya parlimen terbaharu diadakan pada 5 Mac 2023. Perbezaan utama antara sistem semasa dan sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perwakilan_politik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perwakilan politik (laman tidak wujud)">perwakilan politik</a> tulen, atau perwakilan berkadar, ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambang_pilihan_raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambang pilihan raya (laman tidak wujud)">ambang</a> nasional 5% yang ditetapkan, dan penggunaan formula <a href="/wiki/Perwakilan_berkadar" title="Perwakilan berkadar">D'Hondt</a> yang diubah suai (pembahagi dinaikkan kepada kuasa 0.9). Pengubahsuaian ini menjadikan lebih banyak ketidakkadaran daripada bentuk formula biasa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yang_di-Pertua_Riigikogu">Yang di-Pertua Riigikogu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riigikogu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riigikogu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1921–1937"><span id="1921.E2.80.931937"></span>1921–1937</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: 1921–1937" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: 1921–1937"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th> <th>Badan Perundangan </th></tr> <tr> <td>Otto Strandman </td> <td>4 Januari 1921 – 18 November 1921 </td> <td>I Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juhan Kukk </td> <td>18 November 1921 – 20 November 1922 </td> <td>I Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konstantin Päts </td> <td>20 November 1922 – 7 Jun 1923 </td> <td>I Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jaan Tõnisson </td> <td>7 Jun 1923 – 27 Mei 1925 </td> <td>II Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ogos Rei </td> <td>9 Jun 1925 – 22 Jun 1926 </td> <td>II Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karl Einbund </td> <td>22 Jun 1926 – 19 Julai 1932 </td> <td>III Riigikogu, IV Riigikogu, V Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jaan Tõnisson </td> <td>19 Julai 1932 – 18 Mei 1933 </td> <td>V Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Karl Einbund </td> <td>18 Mei 1933 – 29 Ogos 1934 </td> <td>V Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rudolf Penno </td> <td>28 September 1934 – 31 Disember 1937 </td> <td>V Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yang_di-Pertua_Riigivolikogu_(dewan_bawahan)"><span id="Yang_di-Pertua_Riigivolikogu_.28dewan_bawahan.29"></span>Yang di-Pertua Riigivolikogu (dewan bawahan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riigivolikogu (dewan bawahan)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riigivolikogu (dewan bawahan)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th> <th>Badan Perundangan </th></tr> <tr> <td>Jüri Uluots </td> <td>21 April 1938 – 12 Oktober 1939 </td> <td rowspan="2">VI Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Otto Pukk </td> <td>17 Oktober 1939 – 5 Julai 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arnold Veimer </td> <td>21 Julai 1940 – 25 Ogos 1940 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yang_di-Pertua_Riiginõukogu_(dewan_atasan)"><span id="Yang_di-Pertua_Riigin.C3.B5ukogu_.28dewan_atasan.29"></span>Yang di-Pertua Riiginõukogu (dewan atasan)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riiginõukogu (dewan atasan)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Riiginõukogu (dewan atasan)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th> <th>Badan Perundangan </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mihkel Pung </td> <td>21 April 1938 – 5 Julai 1940 </td> <td>VI Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengerusi_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)"><span id="Pengerusi_Majlis_Tertinggi_.281990.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Pengerusi Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Pengerusi Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pengerusi Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th></tr> <tr> <td>Arnold Rüütel </td> <td>29 Mac 1990 – 5 Oktober 1992 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yang_di-Pertua_Majlis_Tertinggi_(1990–1992)"><span id="Yang_di-Pertua_Majlis_Tertinggi_.281990.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Yang di-Pertua Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Yang di-Pertua Majlis Tertinggi (1990–1992)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ülo Nugis </td> <td>29 Mac 1990 – 5 Oktober 1992 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sejak_1992">Sejak 1992</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejak 1992" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejak 1992"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Tempoh </th> <th>Badan Perundangan </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ülo Nugis </td> <td>21 Oktober 1992 – 21 Mac 1995 </td> <td>VII Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toomas Savi </td> <td>21 Mac 1995 – 31 Mac 2003 </td> <td>VIII Riigikogu, IX Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ene Ergma </td> <td>31 Mac 2003 – 23 Mac 2006 </td> <td>X Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toomas Varek </td> <td>23 Mac 2006 – 2 April 2007 </td> <td>X Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ene Ergma </td> <td>2 April 2007 – 20 Mac 2014 </td> <td>XI Riigikogu, XII Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eiki Nestor </td> <td>20 Mac 2014 – 4 April 2019 </td> <td>XII Riigikogu, XIII Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Henn Põlluaas </td> <td>4 April 2019 – 18 Mac 2021 </td> <td>XIV Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Juri Ratas </td> <td>18 Mac 2021 </td> <td>XIV Riigikogu<sup id="cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canselori">Canselori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Canselori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Canselori"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canselori Riigikogu (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia">Estonia</a>: <i lang="et">Riigikogu Kantselei</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: et is deprecated </span>) ialah pentadbiran yang menyokong Riigikogu dalam melaksanakan fungsi perlembagaannya.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petikan_dan_rujukan">Petikan dan rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Petikan dan rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Petikan dan rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFKrjukov2022" class="citation news cs1">Krjukov, Aleksander (6 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.err.ee/1608706942/keskerakonna-juhatus-heitis-mihhail-stalnuhhini-erakonnast-valja">"Keskerakonna juhatus heitis Mihhail Stalnuhhini erakonnast välja"</a> (dalam bahasa Estonia). ERR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220906164000/https://www.err.ee/1608706942/keskerakonna-juhatus-heitis-mihhail-stalnuhhini-erakonnast-valja">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 6 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Keskerakonna+juhatus+heitis+Mihhail+Stalnuhhini+erakonnast+v%C3%A4lja&rft.date=2022-09-06&rft.aulast=Krjukov&rft.aufirst=Aleksander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.err.ee%2F1608706942%2Fkeskerakonna-juhatus-heitis-mihhail-stalnuhhini-erakonnast-valja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RK-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RK_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigikogu.ee/">"Riigikogu"</a>. <i>Riigikogu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981205210344/https://www.riigikogu.ee/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 5 December 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riigikogu&rft.atitle=Riigikogu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikogu.ee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiljan2004_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiljan2004">Miljan 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riigikogu-leadership-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-riigikogu-leadership_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigikogu.ee/riigikogu/koosseis/riigikogu-juhatus/">"Riigikogu juhatus"</a>. <i>Riigikogu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150606122850/https://www.riigikogu.ee/riigikogu/koosseis/riigikogu-juhatus/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 6 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riigikogu&rft.atitle=Riigikogu+juhatus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikogu.ee%2Friigikogu%2Fkoosseis%2Friigikogu-juhatus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/chancellery-riigikogu/">"Chancellery of the Riigikogu"</a>. <i>Riigikogu</i> (dalam bahasa Estonia). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200406140317/https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/chancellery-riigikogu/">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 6 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riigikogu&rft.atitle=Chancellery+of+the+Riigikogu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riigikogu.ee%2Fen%2Fparliament-of-estonia%2Fchancellery-riigikogu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber_dipetik">Sumber dipetik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Sumber dipetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sumber dipetik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p>  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5773711">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style></p><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFMiljan2004" class="citation book cs1">Miljan, Toivo (2004). <i>Historical Dictionary of Estonia</i> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Maryland, USA: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/0-8108-4904-6" title="Khas:Sumber buku/0-8108-4904-6"><bdi>0-8108-4904-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Estonia&rft.place=Maryland%2C+USA&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8108-4904-6&rft.aulast=Miljan&rft.aufirst=Toivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ARiigikogu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riigikogu&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riigikogu.ee/">Tapak web rasmi</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217799#P856" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217799#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kawalan_kewibawaan_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217799#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kawalan_kewibawaan" title="Bantuan:Kawalan kewibawaan">Kawalan kewibawaan</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217799#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengecam_Nama_Piawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pengecam Nama Piawaian Antarabangsa">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404673261">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fail_Kewibawaan_Antarabangsa_Maya" title="Fail Kewibawaan Antarabangsa Maya">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130330092">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/130330092">WorldCat (melalui VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan negara</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007335001305171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n92109479">Amerika Syarikat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pangkalan data saintifik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1033238X?l=en">CiNii (Jepun)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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