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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-药理学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#药理学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>药理学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-药理学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关药理学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-药理学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-代谢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#代谢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>代谢</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-代谢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生理影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生理影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>生理影响</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生理影响-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生理影响子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生理影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-过量使用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#过量使用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>过量使用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-过量使用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-咖啡因过度兴奋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#咖啡因过度兴奋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>咖啡因过度兴奋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-咖啡因过度兴奋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-代谢、毒性與對健康的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#代谢、毒性與對健康的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>代谢、毒性與對健康的影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-代谢、毒性與對健康的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-管制" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#管制"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>管制</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-管制-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关管制子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-管制-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中華人民共和國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華人民共和國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>中華人民共和國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華人民共和國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中华民国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中华民国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>中华民国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中华民国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>美国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">咖啡因</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。92种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe%C3%AFen" title="Kafeïen – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kafeïen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафеін – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кафеін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафэін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кафэін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্যাফেইন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাফেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافاین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کافاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffein" title="Caffein – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caffein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Καφεΐνη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καφεΐνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiin" title="Kofeiin – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kofeiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافئین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کافئین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiini" title="Kofeiini – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kofeiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9ine" title="Caféine – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caféine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A9in" title="Caiféin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caiféin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קפאין – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפאין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="कैफ़ीन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैफ़ीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոֆեին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոֆեին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koff%C3%ADn" title="Koffín – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koffín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="カフェイン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カフェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოფეინი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოფეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಫೀನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಫೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="카페인 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinum" title="Caffeinum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caffeinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinna" title="Caffeinna – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caffeinna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeinas" title="Kofeinas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kofeinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C4%ABns" title="Kofeīns – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kofeīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeinina" title="Kafeinina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kafeinina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကေဖိန်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကေဖိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्याफिन – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्याफिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFne" title="Cafeïne – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cafeïne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeina" title="Kofeina – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kofeina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوفین – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوفین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofein%C4%83" title="Cofeină – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cofeină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C3%ADn" title="Kofeín – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kofeín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeni" title="Kafeni – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kafeni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeini" title="Kafeini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kafeini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காஃவீன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஃவீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెఫిన్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెఫిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กาเฟอีน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเฟอีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeina" title="Kapeina – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapeina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Кофеїн – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кофеїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafein" title="Cafein – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cafein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קאפעין – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפעין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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.ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_English plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" class="extiw" title="en:Caffeine">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="國際非專利藥名（INN）：咖啡因<br />caffeine (<abbr title=">咖啡因<br />caffeine (<abbr title="International Nonproprietary Name">INN</abbr>)</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2D structure of caffeine"><img alt="2D structure of caffeine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/220px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/330px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg/440px-Koffein_-_Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="181" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caffeine_(1)_3D_ball.png" class="mw-file-description" title="3D structure of caffeine"><img alt="3D structure of caffeine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/220px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/330px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png/440px-Caffeine_%281%29_3D_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">臨床資料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">读音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:英語國際音標">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="「kind」的「k」音">k</span><span title="/æ/：「bad」的「a」音">æ</span><span title="/ˈ/：後面為主重音">ˈ</span><span title="「find」的「f」音">f</span><span title="/iː/：「fleece」的「ee」音">iː</span><span title="「nigh」的「n」音">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/：後面為主重音">ˈ</span><span title="「kind」的「k」音">k</span><span title="/æ/：「bad」的「a」音">æ</span><span title="「find」的「f」音">f</span><span title="/iː/：「fleece」的「ee」音">iː</span><span title="「nigh」的「n」音">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">其他名稱</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Guaranine<br />Methyltheobromine<br />1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine<br />Theine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國衛生系統藥師協會">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/caffeine-caffeine-and-sodium-benzoate-injection-caffeine-citrate.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" title="懷孕分級">懷孕分級</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="澳大利亚">澳</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A#澳洲" title="懷孕分級">A</a> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E4%BE%9D%E8%B3%B4" title="物質依賴">依賴性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">生理: 低至中<sup id="cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />心理: 低<sup id="cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%98%BE" title="成瘾">成癮性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">低<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / 无<sup id="cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%99%E8%8D%AF%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84" title="给药途径">给药途径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="口服">口服</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E9%9B%BE" title="喷雾">喷雾</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E8%85%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="灌腸">灌肠</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%82%A0" title="直肠">直肠</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88%E6%B3%A8%E5%B0%84" title="靜脈注射">静脉注射</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E5%89%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="解剖学治疗学及化学分类系统">ATC碼</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81_(N06B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC代码 (N06B)（页面不存在）">N06BC01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06BC01">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">法律規範狀態</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E8%A6%8F%E7%AF%84" title="醫療產品法律規範">法律規範</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="澳大利亚">澳</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="加拿大">加</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="中国大陆">中</abbr>：</small><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%B1%BB%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第二类精神药品">第二类精神药品</a></li> <li><small><abbr title="欧盟">歐</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="新西兰">NZ</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="英国">英</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="美国">美</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li> <li><small><abbr title="联合国">UN</abbr>：</small>未列入管制</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="药物代谢动力学">藥物動力學</a>數據</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%BA%A6" title="生物利用度">生物利用度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">99%<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%93%E5%90%88" title="血浆蛋白结合">血漿蛋白結合率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">25–36%<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="药物代谢">药物代谢</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">主要: <a href="/wiki/CYP1A2" title="CYP1A2">CYP1A2</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />小部分: <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP2E1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP2E1（页面不存在）">CYP2E1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CYP3A4" title="CYP3A4">CYP3A4</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP2C8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP2C8（页面不存在）">CYP2C8</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/CYP2C9" title="CYP2C9">CYP2C9</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D%E7%94%A2%E7%89%A9" title="代謝產物">代謝產物</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AF%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="副黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">副黄嘌呤</a> (84%)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a> (12%)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a> (4%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藥效起始時間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Onset of action"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%A5%E6%95%88%E8%B5%B7%E5%A7%8B%E6%99%82%E9%96%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藥效起始時間（页面不存在）">藥效起始時間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onset_of_action" class="extiw" title="en:Onset of action"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Onset of action</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">~1 小时<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="成人">成人</a>: 3–7小时<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E5%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="新生兒">新生儿</a>: 65–130小时<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="药物效应动力学">作用時間</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3–4 小时<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="排泄作用">排泄途徑</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">尿液(100%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">识别信息</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC命名法</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">1,3,7-三甲基嘌呤-2,6-二酮</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-08-2">58-08-2</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2519">2519</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/Guide_to_Pharmacology" title="Guide to Pharmacology">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=407">407</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201">DB00201</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">2424</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E6%88%90%E5%88%86%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98" title="特殊成分標識">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/3G6A5W338E">3G6A5W338E</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00528">D00528</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27732">CHEBI:27732</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL113">ChEMBL113</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB" title="蛋白質資料庫">PDB配體ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CFF (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=CFF">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/ligand/CFF">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CompTox化学品仪表板" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E4%BB%AA%E8%A1%A8%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox化学品仪表板（页面不存在）">CompTox Dashboard</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" class="extiw" title="en:CompTox Chemicals Dashboard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CompTox Chemicals Dashboard</span></a></span>）</span></span> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="美国国家环境保护局">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID0020232">DTXSID0020232</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235#P3117" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%93%81%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="歐洲化學品管理局"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.329">100.000.329</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235#P2566" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">化学信息</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>8</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>10</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>4</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">194.19 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;">3D模型（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="JSmol" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="JSmol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=JSmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSmol（页面不存在）">JSmol</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSmol" class="extiw" title="en:JSmol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">JSmol</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CN1C%3DNC2%3DC1C%28%3DO%29N%28C%28%3DO%29N2C%29C">交互式图像</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">235至238 °C（455至460 °F） (无水)<sup id="cite_ref-Pubchem_properties_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pubchem_properties-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="简化分子线性输入规范">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86" title="国际化合物标识">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_life_caution.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/20px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/30px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Star_of_life_caution.svg/40px-Star_of_life_caution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="190" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91" title="维基百科">维基百科</a>中的醫學内容<b>仅供参考</b>，並<b>不能</b>視作專業意見。如需獲取醫療幫助或意見，请咨询专业人士。詳見<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="Wikipedia:医学声明">醫學聲明</a></b>。</div> <p><b>咖啡因</b>（英語：<span lang="en">caffeine</span>）是一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="黄嘌呤">黄嘌呤</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼">生物碱</a>化合物。 </p><p>咖啡因主要存在于<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%A0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="咖啡树">咖啡树</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E6%A0%91" title="茶树">茶树</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E5%86%AC%E9%9D%92" title="巴拉圭冬青">巴拉圭冬青</a>（玛黛茶）及<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%BF%E7%B4%8D" title="瓜拿納">瓜拿纳</a>的果实及叶片裡，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E6%A8%B9" title="可可樹">可可樹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%A8%82%E6%9E%9C" title="可樂果">可樂果</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%8C%B6%E5%86%AC%E9%9D%92" title="代茶冬青">代茶冬青树</a>也存在少量的咖啡因。存在于<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%BF%E7%B4%8D" title="瓜拿納">瓜拿纳</a>中的咖啡因有时也被称为瓜拿纳因（guaranine），而存在于玛黛茶中的被称为马黛因（mateine），在茶中的则被称为茶素（theine）。总体上来说，作为一种自然<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="杀虫剂">杀虫剂</a>，目前在超过60种植物的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%AE%9E" title="果实">果实</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89" title="葉">叶片</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="种子">种子</a>中发现了咖啡因，它能使以这些植物为食的昆蟲麻痹来达到殺蟲的效果。 </p><p>咖啡因是一种<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="中枢神经">中枢神经</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%A5%8B%E5%89%82" title="兴奋剂">兴奋剂</a>，能暫時地驱走睡意并恢复精力，所以人们在从事<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83" class="mw-redirect" title="思考">思考</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="阅读">阅读</a>、会议等<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%84%91%E5%8A%9B%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="脑力劳动（页面不存在）">脑力劳动</a>时，有时会选择摄入咖啡因来提神。有咖啡因成分的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">茶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E6%80%A7%E9%A5%AE%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="软性饮料">软饮料</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="機能性飲料">能量饮料</a>十分畅销，因此也有一定的成癮性（Coffee addiction），咖啡因也是世界上最普遍被使用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="精神药品">精神药品</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="北美">北美</a>，90%<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="成年人">成年人</a>每天都會需要攝食咖啡因。<sup id="cite_ref-demon_drink_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon_drink-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>很多咖啡因的自然来源也含有多种其他的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="黄嘌呤">黄嘌呤</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼">生物碱</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a>這兩種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%BA%E5%BF%83%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="强心剂（页面不存在）">强心剂</a>以及其他物质例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%AE%81%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="单宁酸">单宁酸</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>早在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="石器時代">石器时代</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，人类已经开始使用咖啡因。早期的人们发现咀嚼特定<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子">种子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%91%E7%9A%AE" title="树皮">树皮</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%B9%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="樹葉">树叶</a>有减轻疲劳和提神的功效。直到很多年以后，人们才发现使用热水泡这些植物能够增加咖啡因的效用。许多文化都有关于远古时期的人们发现这些植物的神话。 </p><p>茶的历史可以追溯到仰韶文化中发现的茶树。唐代<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E7%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="陆羽">陆羽</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%BB%8F" title="茶经">茶经</a>》中提到，茶成为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E6%96%99" title="饮料">饮料</a>的历史“发乎<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="神农氏">神农氏</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。西汉时期，茶已经成为宫廷中的饮料。晋代以后，茶逐渐成为普通饮料<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">咖啡早期的历史十分模糊，不过一个流传广泛的傳奇和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">阿拉伯咖啡</a>的发源地<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">埃塞俄比亚</a>有關。根据这个傳奇，一个名叫<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA" class="mw-disambig" title="卡迪">卡迪</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A7%E7%BE%8A%E4%BA%BA" title="牧羊人">牧羊人</a>发现，当<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%B1%B1%E7%BE%8A" title="家山羊">山羊</a>食用了咖啡<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木">灌木</a>上的浆果时会变得兴奋异常并且在夜里失眠，山羊也会不断地再次食用该浆果，体验相同的活力</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。最早的有关咖啡的书面记载可能是9世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>医师al-Razi所著的Bunchum。1587年，Malaye Jaziri汇编了一本追溯咖啡历史及合法性争议的书，名叫《Umdat al safwa fi hill al-qahwa》。在这本书中，Jaziri记录了一个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="亚丁">亚丁</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰</a>教长Jamal-al-Din al-Dhabhani是首先于1454年饮用咖啡的人，15世纪后，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%8F%B2%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇菲派">苏菲派</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>开始有规律的饮用咖啡来保持<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%B1%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="禱告">祈祷</a>时的清醒。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">16世纪末，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>居民们记录了咖啡的使用，大概这个时候，咖啡开始在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近东</a>广泛使用</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">咖啡作为一种饮料在17世纪流传到欧洲，最初被称为阿拉伯<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒</a></mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">这段时间，<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%B1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="咖啡屋">咖啡屋</a>开始增多，最初的咖啡屋是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a></mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。在英国，第一家咖啡屋开业于1652年，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>Cornhill街圣迈克尔巷。很快咖啡开始在西欧流行并在17和18世纪社会交流中扮演了重要的角色<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>就像咖啡浆果和茶叶一样，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%90%E6%9E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="可乐果">可乐果</a>也有很古老的起源。很多西非的文明通过单独或群体的咀嚼可乐果来恢复精力和减轻饥饿。1911年，当<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>政府在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="田纳西州">田纳西州</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E5%A1%94%E5%8A%AA%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查塔努加市（页面不存在）">查塔努加市</a>没收了40大桶和20小桶<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%A3%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%90" title="可口可乐">可口可乐</a>浓缩原浆，并宣称其“有害健康”后，可乐成了最早的关于引起健康恐慌的其中一个记录<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当年3月13日，美国政府开始了“美国起诉40大桶和20小桶可口可乐”案，希望通过夸大的宣传迫使可口可乐将咖啡因从其配方中移除，比如宣传在一个女子学校，过多的饮用可口可乐导致“夜间荒诞行为，违背学院规则和女性的礼节，甚至不道德”。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>尽管法官最后的裁决有利于可口可乐，1912年仍然有两个旨在修正纯粹食品与药品法案的议案被提交到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="众议院">众议院</a>，把咖啡因添加进“上瘾”和“有害”的物质清单，因此该成份必须在产品标签中列出。 </p><p>使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="可可">可可</a>的最早的证据是从公元前8世纪古<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E9%9B%85" class="mw-disambig" title="玛雅">玛雅</a>文明时期的罐中发现的残渣。在新世界里，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A7%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%9B" title="巧克力">巧克力</a>被混入一种叫Xocoatl的苦辣饮品之中使用，也常伴有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8D%89" title="香草">香草</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92" title="辣椒">辣椒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%AD%E8%84%82" title="胭脂">胭脂</a>。Xocoatl被广泛认为能够抗疲劳，这大概归功于其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a>和咖啡因成分。巧克力在<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E5%B8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="哥伦布">哥伦布</a>发现美洲大陆以前的中美洲是一种奢侈品，可可豆也曾被用来作为货币。 </p><p>巧克力在1700年由西班牙人引进欧洲，他们也将可可树引入了東印度群岛和菲律宾。它们被用于炼金术，叫做黑豆。 </p><p>1819年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>化学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BE%99%E6%A0%BC" title="弗里德利布·费迪南德·龙格">弗里德利布·费迪南德·龙格</a>第一次分离得到纯的咖啡因。传说中他之所以这样做，是因为听了<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="歌德">歌德</a>的吩咐<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>现在，每年咖啡因的国际销量已达到120000吨<sup id="cite_ref-abc.net_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc.net-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这个数字相当于每天每个人消耗一份咖啡饮品，这也使它成为了世界最流行的影响精神的物质。在北美，90%的成年人每天會消耗一定量的咖啡因<sup id="cite_ref-demon_drink_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon_drink-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_beans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coffee_beans.jpg/180px-Coffee_beans.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coffee_beans.jpg/270px-Coffee_beans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Coffee_beans.jpg/360px-Coffee_beans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>咖啡豆，世界上咖啡因的主要来源</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable toccolours" border="1" width="35%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 2em 0 1em 2em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#e5e5e5;"><b>常见食品药品的咖啡因含量</b><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e5e5e5;"> <th><i><b>产品</b></i> </th> <th width="30%"><i><b>计量单位</b></i> </th> <th width="20%"><i><b>每单位咖啡因含量（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>）</b></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡因片剂（Vivarin） </td> <td>1片 </td> <td>200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Excedrin片剂 </td> <td>1片 </td> <td>65 </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡，沖濾 </td> <td>240 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%8D%87" title="毫升">mL</a> （8 US <a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%8E%E5%8F%B8" title="液量盎司">fl oz</a>） </td> <td>135* </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡，脱咖啡因 </td> <td>240 mL （8 US fl oz） </td> <td>5* </td></tr> <tr> <td>咖啡，意式濃縮咖啡 </td> <td>57 mL （2 US fl oz） </td> <td>100* </td></tr> <tr> <td>巧克力，黑（Hershey's Special Dark） </td> <td>1条（43 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>; 1.5 oz） </td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>巧克力，牛奶（Hershey Bar） </td> <td>1条（43 g; 1.5 oz） </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>红牛 </td> <td>250 mL （8.453 US fl oz） </td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bawls瓜拿纳 </td> <td>296 mL （10 US fl oz） </td> <td>67 </td></tr> <tr> <td>软饮料，经典可口可乐 </td> <td>355 mL （12 US fl oz） </td> <td>34 </td></tr> <tr> <td>茶，绿茶 </td> <td>240 mL （8 US fl oz） </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>茶，叶或袋 </td> <td>240 mL （8 US fl oz） </td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e5e5e5;"> <td colspan="3" align="left"><small>* 每份中咖啡因含量均为估计，真实值随着准备的方式不同而不同。</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>咖啡因是一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%B9%BC" title="生物鹼">生物碱</a>，能在許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>中發现。作为自然<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E8%99%AB%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="杀虫剂">杀虫剂</a>，它能使啃食含咖啡因植物的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%99%AB" title="昆虫">昆虫</a>麻痹<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。人类最常使用的含咖啡因的植物包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">茶</a>及一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="可可">可可</a>。其他不经常使用的包括一般被用来制茶或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="機能性飲料">能量饮料</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E5%86%AC%E9%9D%92" title="巴拉圭冬青">巴拉圭冬青</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和瓜拿纳树。两个咖啡因的别名：马黛因<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和瓜拿纳因子<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>就是从这两种植物演化而来。 </p><p>世界上最主要的咖啡因来源是<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡豆</a>（咖啡树的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90" title="種子">种子</a>），同时咖啡豆也是咖啡的原料。咖啡中的咖啡因含量极大程度上依赖于咖啡豆的品种和咖啡的制作方法<sup id="cite_ref-ICO_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，甚至同一棵树上的咖啡豆中的咖啡因含量都有很大的区别。一般来说一杯咖啡中咖啡因的含量从阿拉比卡<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">浓缩咖啡</a>中的40毫克到浓咖啡中的100毫克。深焙咖啡一般比浅焙咖啡的咖啡因含量少，因为烘焙能减少咖啡豆裡的咖啡因含量。阿拉比卡咖啡的咖啡因含量通常比<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%9C%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="中果咖啡">中果咖啡</a>低<sup id="cite_ref-ICO_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。咖啡也含有少量的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a>，但不含<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a>。 </p><p>茶是另外一个咖啡因的重要来源，每杯茶的咖啡因含量一般只有每杯咖啡的一半，这与制茶工艺有关。特定品种的茶，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%8C%B6" title="红茶">红茶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%8C%B6" title="青茶">乌龙茶</a>，比其他茶的咖啡因含量高。茶含有少量的可可碱以及比咖啡略高的茶碱。茶的制作对于茶有很大影响，但是茶的颜色几乎不能指示咖啡因的含量<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本玉露绿茶的咖啡因含量就远远高于许多红茶（例如几乎不含咖啡因的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%B1%B1%E5%B0%8F%E7%A7%8D" title="正山小种">正山小种茶</a>）。 </p><p>由可可粉製的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A7%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%9B" title="巧克力">巧克力</a>也含有少量的咖啡因。巧克力是一种很弱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%A5%8B%E5%89%82" title="兴奋剂">兴奋剂</a>，主要归功于其中含有的可可碱和茶碱<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一条典型的28克<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E5%A5%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="牛奶">牛奶</a>巧克力与脱咖啡因咖啡的咖啡因含量差不多。 </p><p>咖啡因也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E6%80%A7%E9%A5%AE%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="软性饮料">软饮料</a>中的常见成分，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%90" title="可乐">可乐</a>，最初就是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%90%E6%9E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="可乐果">可乐果</a>制得。一瓶软饮料中一般含有10毫克至50毫克的咖啡因。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%80%A7%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="機能性飲料">能量饮料</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%89%9B%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99" title="紅牛能量飲料">红牛</a>，每瓶含有80毫克咖啡因。这些饮料中的咖啡因来源于它们所用的原始成分或由脱咖啡因咖啡所得的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E5%8A%91" class="mw-disambig" title="添加劑">添加剂</a>，也有是通过化学合成的。<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E6%8B%BF%E7%B4%8D" title="瓜拿納">瓜拿纳</a>，很多能量饮料的基本成分，含有大量的咖啡因及少量的可可碱。自然存在的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%93%E9%87%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缓释（页面不存在）">缓释</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A6%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%91" title="賦形劑">赋形剂</a>中含有少量茶碱<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="药理学"><span id=".E8.8D.AF.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6"></span>药理学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：药理学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>初服咖啡因，能使<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中枢神经系统">中枢神经系统</a>兴奋，因此能够增加警觉度，使人警醒，有快速而清晰的思维，增加注意力和保持较好的身体状态。<sup id="cite_ref-effects_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effects-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最后进入脊髓并保持一个较高的剂量。在体内，关于咖啡因的化学反应十分复杂<sup id="cite_ref-effects_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effects-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，大致的几种机理如下： </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91" title="脑">大脑</a>中咖啡因可以阻挡<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="腺苷">腺嘌呤核苷</a>接受器。腺嘌呤核苷与它的接受器结合后可以减缓神经细胞的活动。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一般在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">睡眠</a>时两者结合。咖啡因分子与腺嘌呤核苷类似，可以与同一种接受器结合。但它不促使细胞活动降低，相反地，它阻止腺嘌呤核苷与它的接受器结合。其结果是神经细胞活动增高，神经细胞分泌<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="激素">激素</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="肾上腺素">肾上腺素</a>。肾上腺素导致心跳加快，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%A3%93" title="血壓">血压</a>增高，<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89" title="肌肉">肌肉</a>中的血流量提高，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚">皮肤</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%84%8F" title="内脏">内脏</a>的血流量降低，<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝脏</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>释放<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>。此外咖啡因与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%99%E8%8B%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="氨基丙苯">氨基丙苯</a>一样可以提高脑内的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8" title="神经递质">神经递质</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%B4%E8%83%BA" title="多巴胺">多巴胺</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="代谢"><span id=".E4.BB.A3.E8.B0.A2"></span>代谢</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：代谢"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg/223px-Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="223" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg/335px-Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg/446px-Caffeine_metabolites_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4296" data-file-height="3627" /></a><figcaption>咖啡因在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a>中被分解產生三个初級代謝產物<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="副黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paraxanthine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AF%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="副黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">副黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine" class="extiw" title="en:Paraxanthine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paraxanthine</span></a></span>）</span></span>（84%）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a>（12%）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a>（4%）</figcaption></figure><p>咖啡因在摄取后45分钟内被<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83" title="胃">胃</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%82%A0" title="小肠">小肠</a>完全吸收。吸收后它会分布于身体的所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98" title="器官">器官</a>之中，转化过程符合化学动力学<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%BA%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="一级反应">一级反应</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>咖啡因的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>，即身體轉化所摄取咖啡因的一半量所用的时间，在不同個體之間差異極大。這主要和年齡、肝功能、是否<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0" title="妊娠">懷孕</a>、同時摄入的其他药物，以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a>中与咖啡因代谢有关的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a>的數量等有關。一个健康成人的咖啡因的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>大约是3-4个小时，在口服<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BF%E5%AD%95%E8%8D%AF" title="避孕药">避孕药</a>物的女性体内则延长至5-10个小时<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在已怀孕的女性体内则大概为9-11个小时<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当某些个体患有严重的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肝脏">肝脏</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>时，咖啡因会累积，半衰期延长至96个小时<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="婴儿">婴儿</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5" title="儿童">儿童</a>的咖啡因的半衰期可能大于成年人，在一个新生婴儿的体内可能会长至30个小时。某些其它因素也会缩短咖啡因的半衰期，比如吸烟<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>咖啡因的代谢在肝脏中发生，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%89%B2%E7%B4%A0P450" title="细胞色素P450">细胞色素P450</a>氧化酶（特别是<a href="/wiki/CYP1A2" title="CYP1A2">1A2</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%B7%A5%E9%85%B6" title="同工酶">同工酶</a>）酶系统氧化，形成三种不同的二甲基<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="黄嘌呤">黄嘌呤</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这三种二甲基黄嘌呤对身体有不同的作用。 </p> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="副黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paraxanthine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%AF%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="副黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">副黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine" class="extiw" title="en:Paraxanthine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paraxanthine</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤，84%）-能够加速脂解，导致<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B5%86" title="血浆">血浆</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E4%B8%89%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="丙三醇">甘油</a>及自由<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a>的含量增加。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a>（12%）-能够扩张<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" title="血管">血管</a>，增加尿量。可可碱也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="可可">可可豆</a>中主要的生物碱，也存在于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A7%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%9B" title="巧克力">巧克力</a>中。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a>（4%）-舒缓<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="支气管">支气管</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%BB%91%E8%82%8C" title="平滑肌">平滑肌</a>，被用作治疗<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AE%E5%96%98" title="哮喘">哮喘</a>。治疗所用的剂量远远大于由咖啡因代谢所产生的剂量。</li></ul> <p>这些化合物进一步代谢，最终通过尿液排泄出体外。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生理影响"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.90.86.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>生理影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：生理影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caffeinated_spiderwebs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Caffeinated_spiderwebs.jpg/200px-Caffeinated_spiderwebs.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Caffeinated_spiderwebs.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>吸食了咖啡因使<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B" title="蜘蛛">蜘蛛</a>不能編織正常的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B%E7%BD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="蜘蛛网">蜘蛛网</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>咖啡因是一个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中枢神经系统">中枢神经系统</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%A5%8B%E5%89%82" title="兴奋剂">兴奋剂</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>也是一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="新陳代謝">新陈代谢</a>的刺激剂。咖啡因既被作为<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="饮品">饮品</a>，也被作为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="药品">药品</a>，其作用都是提神及解除疲劳，咖啡因也可減低<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="頭痛">頭痛</a>時的痛楚。每个人所需要的能够产生效果的咖啡因精确剂量并不相同，主要取决于体型和咖啡因耐受度。咖啡因在不到一个小时的时间内就可以开始在身体裡发挥作用，如果摄取温和剂量的咖啡因，作用可在3到4个小时内消失<sup id="cite_ref-effects_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-effects-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。食用咖啡因并不能减少所需<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">睡眠</a>时间，它只能临时的减弱睏的感觉。 </p><p>因为这些影响，咖啡因是机能增进剂：提升大脑和身体的能力。一项在1979年的研究表明，与对照组相比，摄取了咖啡因之后的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%91%98" title="运动员">运动员</a>在长距离自行车项目中的表现增加7%<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其他的研究获得了更加显著的结果：一个对经过训练的跑步运动员的实验表明，在摄取一剂9毫克每千克体重的咖啡因之后，运动员的直线跑耐久性增加44%，环形跑耐久力增加55%。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如此显著的提升并不是孤立的偶然情况，一些后续的研究也得到相似的结果。另外一个研究表明，在摄取了5.5毫克每千克体重咖啡因之后，在自行车项目中，能够提升29%的持续时间<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>咖啡因有时也与其他药物混合提高它们的功效。咖啡因能够使减轻头痛的药的功效提高40%，并能使身体更快地吸收这些药品，缩短这些药品起作用的时间<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此，很多<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%A4%84%E6%96%B9%E8%8D%AF" title="非处方药">非处方</a>治疗头痛的药品中包含有咖啡因<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。咖啡因也与<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E8%A7%92%E8%83%BA" title="麦角胺">麦角胺</a>一起使用，治疗<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E5%A4%B4%E7%97%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="偏头痛">偏头痛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9B%E9%9B%86%E6%80%A7%E5%A4%B4%E7%97%9B" title="丛集性头痛">丛集性头痛</a>，也能克服由<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%BB%84%E8%83%BA%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="抗组胺剂">抗组胺剂</a>带来的困意。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E7%94%A2%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="早產嬰兒">早产婴儿</a>的呼吸问题，有时也使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸">柠檬酸</a>咖啡因治疗。使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="柠檬酸咖啡因">柠檬酸咖啡因</a>疗法后，早产婴儿的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="支气管">支气管</a>发育不良明显减少。此疗法的唯一缺点是在治疗中暂时性的体重增长变慢<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。柠檬酸咖啡因在很多国家只能通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%84%E6%96%B9" title="处方">处方</a>获得<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>目前亦有許多研究顯示，服用含咖啡因飲料有助於緩解憂鬱症病人的情感症狀，但過量使用可能導致情緒亢奮或成癮的現象；故仍需進行個別性的評估後，再決定是否將含咖啡因飲料融入均衡飲食中使用。<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="过量使用"><span id=".E8.BF.87.E9.87.8F.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8"></span>过量使用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：过量使用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/200px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/300px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/400px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>在短时间内过多的咖啡因可以导致上瘾和一系列的身体与心理的不良反应</figcaption></figure> <p>在长期摄取的情况下，大剂量的咖啡因是一种毒品，能够导致“<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="咖啡因中毒">咖啡因中毒</a>”。咖啡因中毒包括上瘾和一系列的身体与心理的不良反应，比如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E8%BF%87%E6%95%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神经过敏（页面不存在）">神经过敏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E6%80%92" class="mw-redirect" title="易怒">易怒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91" class="mw-redirect" title="焦虑">焦虑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="震颤">震颤</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%82%8C%E8%82%89%E6%8A%BD%E6%90%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="肌肉抽搐（页面不存在）">肌肉抽搐</a>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E4%BA%A2%E8%BF%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反射亢进（页面不存在）">反射亢进</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E7%9C%A0" title="失眠">失眠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%82%B8" title="心悸">心悸</a><sup id="cite_ref-EofMD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EofMD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（一般人服用咖啡因是因为它的刺激作用，许多熬夜讀書應付考試的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F" title="学生">学生</a>，還有夜班工作的人會攝入咖啡因，如飲茶、咖啡或咖啡因藥丸等<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而在严格的上瘾的定义下，只有逐渐增高用量才是上瘾，用咖啡因依赖描述更为恰当一些，但是在一个被广泛接受的定义下，所有慢性的很难摆脱的行为都叫做上瘾，所以也可以用咖啡因上瘾来描述。）。另外，由于咖啡因能使<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%85%B8" title="胃酸">胃酸</a>增多，持续的高剂量摄入会导致<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7%E6%BA%83%E7%96%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="消化性溃疡">消化性溃疡</a>，糜烂性<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E9%81%93%E7%82%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="食道炎">食道炎</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%A3%9F%E7%AE%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%81%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="胃食管反流病">胃食管反流病</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，因为无论是正常的咖啡还是脱咖啡因咖啡，都会刺激<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%83%E9%BB%8F%E8%86%9C" title="胃黏膜">胃粘膜</a>，增加胃酸分泌，所以咖啡因可能不是咖啡造成此原因的唯一成分。<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="咖啡因过度兴奋"><span id=".E5.92.96.E5.95.A1.E5.9B.A0.E8.BF.87.E5.BA.A6.E5.85.B4.E5.A5.8B"></span>咖啡因过度兴奋</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：咖啡因过度兴奋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>短时间内过量摄入咖啡因（通常超过250毫克，相当于2-3杯煮咖啡），可以导致中枢神经系统过度兴奋。咖啡因过度兴奋的症状包括：烦躁、神经过敏、兴奋、失眠、脸红、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多尿（页面不存在）">尿液增加</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%83%E8%82%A0%E7%B4%8A%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胃肠紊乱（页面不存在）">胃肠紊乱</a>、肌肉抽搐、思维涣散、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%82%B8" title="心悸">心悸</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3%E8%BF%87%E5%BF%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="心跳过快">过快</a>以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BA%81%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="躁动（页面不存在）">躁动</a><sup id="cite_ref-EofMD2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EofMD2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>摄取极大剂量的咖啡因会导致死亡<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。对于实验<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%A0" title="鼠">鼠</a>，咖啡因的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E5%8A%91%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="半致死劑量">半致死劑量</a>为192毫克每千克体重。咖啡因半数致死量取决于体重和个人敏感程度，大概是150至200毫克每千克体重，大约是一个普通成年人在一个有限的时间内摄取140至180杯咖啡，时间取决于<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a>。尽管饮用普通咖啡几乎不可能致死，但有由于过度服用咖啡因药丸致死的报告<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调"><span id=".E5.92.96.E5.95.A1.E5.9B.A0.E7.84.A6.E8.99.91.E7.97.87.E5.8F.8A.E7.9D.A1.E7.9C.A0.E5.A4.B1.E8.B0.83"></span>咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：咖啡因焦虑症及睡眠失调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长期过量摄取咖啡因会引起一系列精神紊乱。其中两种被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="美国精神病学协会">美国精神病学协会</a>验证的是咖啡因焦虑症和咖啡因睡眠失调。<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>咖啡因睡眠失调是指由一个个体有规律的摄取高剂量的咖啡因所导致的他或她的睡眠紊乱，并且能被临床诊断所發现。<sup id="cite_ref-DSM-IV_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-IV-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>对某些个体而言，大剂量的咖啡因所导致的焦虑足够被临床诊断發现。咖啡因焦虑症会以不同的形式出现，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E6%80%A7%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91%E5%A4%B1%E8%B0%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般性焦虑失调（页面不存在）">一般性焦虑失调</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C%E7%99%BC%E4%BD%9C" title="恐慌發作">恐慌发作</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E8%BF%AB%E7%97%87" title="强迫症">强迫症</a>甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="恐怖症">恐怖症</a><sup id="cite_ref-DSM-IV_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-IV-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因为这些症状容易与基本神经失调混淆，比如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C%E5%A4%B1%E8%B0%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐慌失调（页面不存在）">恐慌失调</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E6%80%A7%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91%E5%A4%B1%E8%B0%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一般性焦虑失调（页面不存在）">一般性焦虑失调</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%81%E9%AC%B1%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="躁鬱症">躁鬱症</a>或甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%97%87" title="精神分裂症">精神分裂症</a>，所以一些医务工作者认为部分咖啡因摄入过量的人被误诊并给予了不必要的治疗，他们认为咖啡因诱发的精神疾病可以通过切断咖啡因来源而很简单的控制<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一个由《不列颠上瘾期刊》（<i>British Journal of Addiction</i>）所作的调查表明，虽然咖啡因引发的疾病很少被诊断出，咖啡因慢性<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="中毒">中毒</a>至少困扰了十分之一的总人口<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="代谢、毒性與對健康的影響"><span id=".E4.BB.A3.E8.B0.A2.E3.80.81.E6.AF.92.E6.80.A7.E8.88.87.E5.B0.8D.E5.81.A5.E5.BA.B7.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>代谢、毒性與對健康的影響</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：代谢、毒性與對健康的影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>长期摄入咖啡因可以导致身体产生耐受性，假如这时中断使用会产生咖啡因戒断，身体会对腺嘌呤核苷过分灵敏，血压会过度降低，导致头疼和其它症状。 </p><p>对人类而言，正常摄入的咖啡因是安全的，但是咖啡因对某些动物而言却是有毒的，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB" title="猫">猫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97" class="mw-redirect" title="狗">狗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC" title="马">马</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%A6%E9%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鹦鹉">鹦鹉</a>等，因为这些动物肝臟的分解咖啡因的能力比人类弱很多。咖啡因对<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B" title="蜘蛛">蜘蛛</a>有显著的影响，远远高于其他药物<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>目前沒有明確証據指出咖啡因與骨質流失及<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E8%B3%AA%E7%96%8F%E9%AC%86%E7%97%87" title="骨質疏鬆症">骨質疏鬆症</a>有相關性。在一項與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="可樂">可樂</a>有關而不包括其他碳酸飲料的研究當中發現咖啡因並不是導致骨質流失的原因，相反當中<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8" title="磷酸">磷酸</a>的分量與年長女性出現骨質疏鬆有較直接的關係<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="管制"><span id=".E7.AE.A1.E5.88.B6"></span>管制</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：管制"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中華人民共和國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E4.BA.BA.E6.B0.91.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：中華人民共和國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>纯咖啡因被列為第二类精神藥品管制，其生产、供应必须经过省级卫生行政部门批准，由县级以上卫生行政部门指定的单位经营。医师处方中的用量不得超过7日常用量，并需存根2年<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世纪80年代开始，山西省民间曾流行以咖啡因制成“片片”（又称“面面”）服用成瘾的严重社会问题。<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%91%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國刑法">中華人民共和國刑法</a>》</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>第347條，非法走私、販賣、運輸、製造毒品，無論數量多少，屬刑事罪行。按刑法第347條及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国最高人民法院">最高人民法院</a>的解釋，涉及「数量大」（200公斤咖啡因以上）者最高刑罰為死刑，涉及数量較大（50公斤以上但不滿200公斤咖啡因）者處7年以上有期徒刑。<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>刑法第348條把非法持有「数量大」或「数量較大」的毒品列為可判處監禁的罪行。</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中华民国"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.8D.8E.E6.B0.91.E5.9B.BD"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：中华民国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="维基新闻">维基新闻</a>中的相关報導：<b><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%BA%97%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8A%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="n:中华民国連鎖咖啡店咖啡因分級制度上路">中华民国連鎖咖啡店咖啡因分級制度上路</a></b></div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a>并未将咖啡因列为管制药物。根据行政院卫生署（今 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="衛生福利部">衛生福利部</a>）食物药品管理局頒佈之《食品添加物使用範圍及限量暨規格標準》<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，非药用的咖啡因用途限定于食品添加剂中饮料的调味剂，食材中必须是源自原料的天然成分而不是以纯咖啡因添加，规定其含量不得超过320<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%85%8B" title="千克">千克</a>（320<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="百萬分率">ppm</a>），否则视为药用。 </p><p>含有咖啡因成分，且有容器或包裝之液態飲料，依行政院衛生署（今 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="衛生福利部">衛生福利部</a>）於2007年所公告之《含有咖啡因成分且有容器或包裝之飲料，應於個別產品外包裝標示咖啡因含量》，須在外包裝標示咖啡因含量，並符合下列標示要求：(一)每100毫升所含咖啡因高於或等於20毫克者，其咖啡因含量以每100毫升所含咖啡因之毫克數為標示方式，其標示值之誤差允許範圍，請業者依照廠規確實品管。(二)每100毫升所含咖啡因低於20毫克者，其咖啡因含量以「20mg/100mL以下」標示之。(三)咖啡、茶及可可飲料，每100毫升所含咖啡因等於或低於2毫克者，得以標示「低咖啡因」替代前述「20mg/100mL以下」用語，。 </p><p>現煮咖啡因受咖啡豆種類、沖泡方式不同影響含量，由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="行政院消費者保護委員會">行政院消費者保護委員會</a>於2006年8月1日則推行咖啡因分級制度，主要針對台灣主要11家連鎖咖啡店的現煮<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">濃縮咖啡</a>或其他類型，推動按照<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2" title="红色">紅色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2" title="黄色">黃色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2" title="綠色">綠色</a>顏色差異標示來提醒消費者每杯咖啡的咖啡因含量。其中紅色為200－300毫克或以上、黃色為100－200毫克、綠色為100毫克以下。這項措施原先不具強制性，但業者多半配合，只是標示方式未必清楚，有些標在菜單上，有些則印製成傳單讓消費者索取（例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B" title="星巴克">星巴克</a>）。但自112年1月1日起，依衛生福利部訂定之《連鎖飲料便利商店及速食業之現場調製飲料標示規定》，要求含有咖啡因成分之現場調製飲料，應標示該杯飲料總咖啡因含量之最高值，並加註「最高值」；或以紅黃綠標示區分總咖啡因含量，該標示得以符號或圖樣標示之。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美国"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9B.BD"></span>美国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：美国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>美国法律中，咖啡因不在管制药物之列，其药用和食用都是合法的。<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80" title="美国食品药品监督管理局">美国食品药品监督管理局</a>认为只要饮料中作为食物添加剂的咖啡因含量在每千克200毫克（200ppm）以下，就是安全的。然而，含有咖啡因的食物和药物都必须在包装上注明咖啡因的含量<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Sydor A, Brown RY (编). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 375. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780071481274" title="Special:网络书源/9780071481274"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780071481274</a>. <q>Long-term caffeine use can lead to mild physical dependence. A withdrawal syndrome characterized by drowsiness, irritability, and headache typically lasts no longest than a day. True compulsive use of caffeine has not been documented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Chapter+15%3A+Reinforcement+and+Addictive+Disorders&rft.au=Malenka+RC%2C+Nestler+EJ%2C+Hyman+SE&rft.btitle=Molecular+Neuropharmacology%3A+A+Foundation+for+Clinical+Neuroscience&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780071481274&rft.pages=375&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Medical&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clinical_addiction_&_dependence_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Karch SB. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=G9E7gfJq0KkC&pg=PA229">Karch's pathology of drug abuse</a> 4th. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 2009: 229–230. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780849378812" title="Special:网络书源/9780849378812"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780849378812</a>. <q>The suggestion has also been made that a caffeine dependence syndrome exists ... In one controlled study, dependence was diagnosed in 16 of 99 individuals who were evaluated. The median daily caffeine consumption of this group was only 357 mg per day (Strain et al., 1994).<br />Since this observation was first published, caffeine addiction has been added as an official diagnosis in ICDM 9. This decision is disputed by many and is not supported by any convincing body of experimental evidence. ... All of these observations strongly suggest that caffeine does not act on the dopaminergic structures related to addiction, nor does it improve performance by alleviating any symptoms of withdrawal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=Karch+SB&rft.btitle=Karch%27s+pathology+of+drug+abuse&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780849378812&rft.pages=229-230&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9E7gfJq0KkC%26pg%3DPA229&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">American Psychiatric Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150815050402/http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf">Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. American Psychiatric Publishing: 1–2. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-10</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsm5.org/documents/substance%20use%20disorder%20fact%20sheet.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-08-15）. <q>Substance use disorder in DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe. ... Additionally, the diagnosis of dependence caused much confusion. Most people link dependence with “addiction” when in fact dependence can be a normal body response to a substance. ... DSM-5 will not include caffeine use disorder, although research shows that as little as two to three cups of coffee can trigger a withdrawal effect marked by tiredness or sleepiness. There is sufficient evidence to support this as a condition, however it is not yet clear to what extent it is a clinically significant disorder.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=American+Psychiatric+Association&rft.btitle=Substance-Related+and+Addictive+Disorders&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsm5.org%2Fdocuments%2Fsubstance%2520use%2520disorder%2520fact%2520sheet.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Press-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Press_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Press_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222">Introduction to Pharmacology Third Edition</a>. Abingdon: CRC Press. 2007: 222–223. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781420047424" title="Special:网络书源/9781420047424"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781420047424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Pharmacology+Third+Edition&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781420047424&rft.pages=222-223&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfrLBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Poleszak, Ewa; Szopa, Aleksandra; Wyska, Elżbieta; Kukuła-Koch, Wirginia; Serefko, Anna; Wośko, Sylwia; Bogatko, Karolina; Wróbel, Andrzej; Wlaź, Piotr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1734114015002637">Caffeine augments the antidepressant-like activity of mianserin and agomelatine in forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice</a>. Pharmacological Reports. July 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [12 September 2015-09-12]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1734-1140"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1734-1140</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pharep.2015.06.138"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.138</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170208154616/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1734114015002637">存档</a>于2017-02-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+augments+the+antidepressant-like+activity+of+mianserin+and+agomelatine+in+forced+swim+and+tail+suspension+tests+in+mice&rft.au=Bogatko%2C+Karolina&rft.au=Kuku%C5%82a-Koch%2C+Wirginia&rft.au=Serefko%2C+Anna&rft.au=Szopa%2C+Aleksandra&rft.au=Wla%C5%BA%2C+Piotr&rft.au=Wo%C5%9Bko%2C+Sylwia&rft.au=Wr%C3%B3bel%2C+Andrzej&rft.au=Wyska%2C+El%C5%BCbieta&rft.aufirst=Ewa&rft.aulast=Poleszak&rft.date=2015-07&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1734-1140&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+Reports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1734114015002637&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pharep.2015.06.138&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-4"><sup><b>6.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-5"><sup><b>6.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-6"><sup><b>6.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-7"><sup><b>6.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201#pharmacology">Caffeine</a>. DrugBank. University of Alberta. 2013-09-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504124733/http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201#pharmacology">存档</a>于2015-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DrugBank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugbank.ca%2Fdrugs%2FDB00201%23pharmacology&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pubchem_properties-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pubchem_properties_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?q=all&cid=2519#x27">Caffeine</a>. Pubchem Compound. NCBI. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [16 October 2014-10-16]</span>. <q><br /><b>Boiling Point</b><br />178 deg C (sublimes)<br /><b>Melting Point</b><br />238 DEG C (ANHYD)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pubchem+Compound&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsummary%2Fsummary.cgi%3Fq%3Dall%26cid%3D2519%23x27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChemSpider-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChemSpider_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">Caffeine</a>. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514141609/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">存档</a>于2019-05-14）. <q>Experimental Melting Point:<br />234–236 °C Alfa Aesar<br />237 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data<br />238 °C LKT Labs [C0221]<br />237 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14937<br />238 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 17008, 17229, 22105, 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />235.25 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />236 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />235 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 6603<br />234–236 °C Alfa Aesar A10431, 39214<br />Experimental Boiling Point:<br />178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar<br />178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar 39214</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChemSpider&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemspider.com%2FChemical-Structure.2424.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demon_drink-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demon_drink_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demon_drink_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lovett, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060616135732/http://dialagranny.com/media/coffeens.pdf">Coffee: The demon drink?</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. New Scientist. 2005-09-24, (2518). （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dialagranny.com/media/coffeens.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2006-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Coffee%3A+The+demon+drink%3F&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.date=2005-09-24&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2518&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dialagranny.com%2Fmedia%2Fcoffeens.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Escohotado, Antonio; Ken Symington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofdr0000esco">A Brief History of Drugs: From the Stone Age to the Stoned Age</a>. Park Street Press. May 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780892818266" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-89281-826-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.aulast=Escohotado&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Drugs%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+Stoned+Age&rft.date=1999-05&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Park+Street+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofdr0000esco&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yu, Lu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0880014164/sr=8-1/qid=1156001072/ref=pd_bbs_1/102-4891513-9260948?ie=UTF8">The Classic of Tea: Origins & Rituals</a>. Ecco Pr; Reissue edition. October 1995 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780880014168" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-88001-416-8</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210225944/https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0880014164/sr=8-1/qid=1156001072/ref=pd_bbs_1/102-4891513-9260948?ie=UTF8">存档</a>于2021-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=Lu&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.btitle=The+Classic+of+Tea%3A+Origins+%26+Rituals&rft.date=1995-10&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Ecco+Pr%3B+Reissue+edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2F0880014164%2Fsr%3D8-1%2Fqid%3D1156001072%2Fref%3Dpd_bbs_1%2F102-4891513-9260948%3Fie%3DUTF8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130428130319/http://www.vartcn.com/art/zgwh/tea/200607/10124.html">中国茶历史：茶的发现与利用</a>. 艺术中国网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vartcn.com/art/zgwh/tea/200607/10124.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8C%B6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%9A%E8%8C%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vartcn.com%2Fart%2Fzgwh%2Ftea%2F200607%2F10124.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1911年版《大英百科全書》Coffee條目</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Benjamin, LT Jr; Rogers AM, Rosenbaum A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-the-behavioral-sciences_1991-01_27_1/page/42">Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency: Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911</a>. J Hist Behav Sci. 1991 Jan, <b>27</b> (1): 42–55. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2010614?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2010614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Coca-Cola%2C+caffeine%2C+and+mental+deficiency%3A+Harry+Hollingworth+and+the+Chattanooga+trial+of+1911&rft.aufirst=LT+Jr&rft.aulast=Benjamin&rft.chron=1991+Jan&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=J+Hist+Behav+Sci&rft.pages=42-55&rft.volume=27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-the-history-of-the-behavioral-sciences_1991-01_27_1%2Fpage%2F42&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jarvis, Gail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061025033343/http://www.lewrockwell.com/jarvis/jarvis17.html">The Rise and Fall of Cocaine Cola</a>. May 21, 2002 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-19</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/jarvis/jarvis17.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006年10月25日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Cocaine+Cola&rft.date=2002-05-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2Fjarvis%2Fjarvis17.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weinberg, BA; BK Bealer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofcaffeines0024wein">The World of Caffeine</a>. Routledge. January 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780415927222" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-92722-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.aulast=Weinberg&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Caffeine&rft.date=2001-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofcaffeines0024wein&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc.net-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc.net_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726194701/http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/poison/caffeine/caffeine.htm">Whats your poison: caffeine</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1997 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/poison/caffeine/caffeine.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-07-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Whats+your+poison%3A+caffeine&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fquantum%2Fpoison%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614144016/http://www.cspinet.org/nah/caffeine/caffeine_content.htm">Caffeine Content of Food and Drugs</a>. Nutrition Action Health Newsletter. Center For Science in the Public Interest. December 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cspinet.org/nah/caffeine/caffeine_content.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-06-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+Content+of+Food+and+Drugs&rft.date=1996-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Action+Health+Newsletter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cspinet.org%2Fnah%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine_content.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Erowid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_info1.shtml">Caffeine Content of Beverages, Foods, & Medications</a>. The Vaults of Erowid. July 7, 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060610035059/http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_info1.shtml">存档</a>于2006-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=Erowid&rft.btitle=Caffeine+Content+of+Beverages%2C+Foods%2C+%26+Medications&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Vaults+of+Erowid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine_info1.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nathanson, JA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/226/4671/184">Caffeine and related methylxanthines: possible naturally occurring pesticides</a>. Science. 12 October 1984, <b>226</b> (4671): 184–7 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6207592?dopt=Abstract">PMID 6207592</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091123125904/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/226/4671/184">存档</a>于2009-11-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+and+related+methylxanthines%3A+possible+naturally+occurring+pesticides&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.aulast=Nathanson&rft.date=1984-10-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4671&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=184-7&rft.volume=226&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F226%2F4671%2F184&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Erowid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/plants/yerba_mate/yerba_mate_chemistry1.shtml">Does Yerba Maté Contain Caffeine or Mateine?</a>. The Vaults of Erowid. Dec 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100729172738/http://www.erowid.org/plants/yerba_mate/yerba_mate_chemistry1.shtml">存档</a>于2010-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=Erowid&rft.btitle=Does+Yerba+Mat%C3%A9+Contain+Caffeine+or+Mateine%3F&rft.date=2003-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Vaults+of+Erowid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fplants%2Fyerba_mate%2Fyerba_mate_chemistry1.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pccompound&term=mateina">PubChem: mateina</a>. National Library of Medicine. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-16</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=PubChem%3A+mateina&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fdb%3Dpccompound%26term%3Dmateina&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. Generally translated as <i>mateine</i> in articles written in English</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pccompound&term=guaranine">PubChem: guaranine</a>. National Library of Medicine. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-16</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=PubChem%3A+guaranine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Library+of+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fdb%3Dpccompound%26term%3Dguaranine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICO-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICO_24-0"><sup><b>24.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICO_24-1"><sup><b>24.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327113321/http://www.ico.org/caffeine.asp">Caffeine</a>. International Coffee Organization. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ico.org/caffeine.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2009-03-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=International+Coffee+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ico.org%2Fcaffeine.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobleharbor.com/tea/caffiene.html">Caffeine in tea vs. steeping time</a>. September 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2006年8月12日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100822080534/http://www.nobleharbor.com/tea/caffiene.html">存档</a>于2010年8月22日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine+in+tea+vs.+steeping+time&rft.date=1996-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobleharbor.com%2Ftea%2Fcaffiene.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Smit, HJ; Gaffan EA, Rogers PJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15549276">Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate</a>. Psychopharmacology. 2004 Nov, <b>176</b> (3-4): 412–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Methylxanthines+are+the+psycho-pharmacologically+active+constituents+of+chocolate&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.aulast=Smit&rft.chron=2004+Nov&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3-4&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.pages=412-9&rft.volume=176&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3Dpubmed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D15549276&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Haskell, CF; Kennedy D, Wesnes KA, Milne AL, Scholey AB. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guarana in humans. J Psychopharmacol. 13 March 2006, <b>0</b> (0): 0–0. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16533867?dopt=Abstract">PMID 16533867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=A+double-blind%2C+placebo-controlled%2C+multi-dose+evaluation+of+the+acute+behavioural+effects+of+guarana+in+humans&rft.aufirst=CF&rft.aulast=Haskell&rft.date=2006-03-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=0&rft.jtitle=J+Psychopharmacol&rft.pages=0-0&rft.volume=0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span>; [Epub ahead of print]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-effects-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-effects_28-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-effects_28-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-effects_28-2"><sup><b>28.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bolton, Ph.D., Sanford; Gary Null, M.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403134842/http://www.garynull.com/documents/CaffeineEffects.htm">Caffeine: Psychological Effects, Use and Abuse</a>. Orthomolecular Psychiatry. 1981, <b>10</b> (3): 202–211 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2006年8月12日]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garynull.com/Documents/CaffeineEffects.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007年4月3日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine%3A+Psychological+Effects%2C+Use+and+Abuse&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft.aulast=Bolton%2C+Ph.D.&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Orthomolecular+Psychiatry&rft.pages=202-211&rft.volume=10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garynull.com%2FDocuments%2FCaffeineEffects.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">楊承樺營養師 (iamneo2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iamneo2013.pixnet.net/blog/post/206656">[轉]咖啡因之生理作用與攝取 @ “愛吃愛動” 運動營養師楊承樺 :: 痞客邦 ::</a>. “愛吃愛動” 運動營養師楊承樺. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106042417/https://iamneo2013.pixnet.net/blog/post/206656">存档</a>于2021-01-06） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（臺灣）网页">（中文（臺灣））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=%5B%E8%BD%89%5D%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0%E4%B9%8B%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E8%88%87%E6%94%9D%E5%8F%96+%40+%E2%80%9C%E6%84%9B%E5%90%83%E6%84%9B%E5%8B%95%E2%80%9D+%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%B8%AB+%E6%A5%8A%E6%89%BF%E6%A8%BA+%3A%3A+%E7%97%9E%E5%AE%A2%E9%82%A6+%3A%3A&rft.au=%E6%A5%8A%E6%89%BF%E6%A8%BA%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%B8%AB+%28iamneo2013%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E2%80%9C%E6%84%9B%E5%90%83%E6%84%9B%E5%8B%95%E2%80%9D+%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%B8%AB+%E6%A5%8A%E6%89%BF%E6%A8%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiamneo2013.pixnet.net%2Fblog%2Fpost%2F206656&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Newton, R; Broughton LJ, Lind MJ, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ, Bradbrook ID. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_european-journal-of-clinical-pharmacology_1981-10_21_1/page/45">Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of caffeine in man</a>. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1981, <b>21</b> (1): 45–52. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7333346?dopt=Abstract">PMID 7333346</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Plasma+and+salivary+pharmacokinetics+of+caffeine+in+man&rft.aufirst=R&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.pages=45-52&rft.volume=21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_european-journal-of-clinical-pharmacology_1981-10_21_1%2Fpage%2F45&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Meyer, FP; Canzler E, Giers H, Walther H. Time course of inhibition of caffeine elimination in response to the oral depot contraceptive agent Deposiston. Hormonal contraceptives and caffeine elimination. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1991, <b>113</b> (6): 297–302. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2058339?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2058339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Time+course+of+inhibition+of+caffeine+elimination+in+response+to+the+oral+depot+contraceptive+agent+Deposiston.+Hormonal+contraceptives+and+caffeine+elimination&rft.aufirst=FP&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Zentralbl+Gynakol&rft.pages=297-302&rft.volume=113&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ortweiler, W; Simon HU, Splinter FK, Peiker G, Siegert C, Traeger A. Determination of caffeine and metamizole elimination in pregnancy and after delivery as an in vivo method for characterization of various cytochrome p-450 dependent biotransformation reactions. Biomed Biochim Acta. 1985, <b>44</b> (7-8): 1189–99. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4084271?dopt=Abstract">PMID 4084271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Determination+of+caffeine+and+metamizole+elimination+in+pregnancy+and+after+delivery+as+an+in+vivo+method+for+characterization+of+various+cytochrome+p-450+dependent+biotransformation+reactions&rft.aufirst=W&rft.aulast=Ortweiler&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7-8&rft.jtitle=Biomed+Biochim+Acta.&rft.pages=1189-99&rft.volume=44&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bolton, Ph.D., Sanford; Gary Null, M.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403134842/http://www.garynull.com/documents/CaffeineEffects.htm">Caffeine: Psychological Effects, Use and Abuse</a>. Orthomolecular Psychiatry. 1981, <b>10</b> (3): 202–211 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2006年8月14日]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garynull.com/Documents/CaffeineEffects.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007年4月3日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine%3A+Psychological+Effects%2C+Use+and+Abuse&rft.aufirst=Sanford&rft.aulast=Bolton%2C+Ph.D.&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Orthomolecular+Psychiatry&rft.pages=202-211&rft.volume=10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garynull.com%2FDocuments%2FCaffeineEffects.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Springhouse. Physician's Drug Handbook; 11th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. January 1, 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781582553962" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58255-396-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=Springhouse&rft.btitle=Physician%27s+Drug+Handbook%3B+11th+edition&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=464&objCls=DrugProperties#biotransformationData">Caffeine</a>. The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927191835/http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=464&objCls=DrugProperties#biotransformationData">存档</a>于2006-09-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Pharmacogenetics+and+Pharmacogenomics+Knowledge+Base&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharmgkb.org%2Fdo%2Fserve%3FobjId%3D464%26objCls%3DDrugProperties%23biotransformationData&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nehlig, A; Daval JL, Debry G. Caffeine and the central nervous system: Mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic, and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1992 May-Aug, <b>17</b> (2): 139–70. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1356551?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1356551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+and+the+central+nervous+system%3A+Mechanisms+of+action%2C+biochemical%2C+metabolic%2C+and+psychostimulant+effects&rft.aufirst=A&rft.aulast=Nehlig&rft.chron=1992+May-Aug&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Brain+Res+Brain+Res+Rev&rft.pages=139-70&rft.volume=17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ivy, JL; Costill DL, Fink WJ, Lower RW. Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance. Med Sci Sports. 1979 Spring, <b>11</b> (1): 6–11. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/481158?dopt=Abstract">PMID 481158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Influence+of+caffeine+and+carbohydrate+feedings+on+endurance+performance&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.aulast=Ivy&rft.chron=1979+Spring&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Med+Sci+Sports&rft.pages=6-11&rft.volume=11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Graham, TE; Spriet, LL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-applied-physiology_1991-12_71_6/page/2292">Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise</a>. J Appl Physiol. 1991 Dec, <b>71</b> (6): 2292–8. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1778925?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1778925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Performance+and+metabolic+responses+to+a+high+caffeine+dose+during+prolonged+exercise&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.chron=1991+Dec&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=J+Appl+Physiol&rft.pages=2292-8&rft.volume=71&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-applied-physiology_1991-12_71_6%2Fpage%2F2292&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Trice, I; Haymes, EM. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise-induced changes during high-intensity, intermittent exercise. Int J Sport Nutr. Mar 1995, <b>5</b> (1): 37–44. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7749424?dopt=Abstract">PMID 7749424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caffeine+ingestion+on+exercise-induced+changes+during+high-intensity%2C+intermittent+exercise&rft.aufirst=I&rft.aulast=Trice&rft.date=1995-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Sport+Nutr&rft.pages=37-44&rft.volume=5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1826_50681.htm">Headache Triggers: Caffeine</a>. WebMD. June 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518020657/http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1826_50681.htm">存档</a>于2008-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Headache+Triggers%3A+Caffeine&rft.date=2004-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WebMD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F46%2F1826_50681.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baidu.com/bh/dict/ydyp_8362457765746457941?contentid=ydyp_8362457765746457941&query=%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%9A%E7%89%87&sf_ch=ch_search_5713&sf_ref=search&from=dicta&isPageHome=1">复方对乙酰氨基酚片</a>. www.baidu.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115052436/https://www.baidu.com/bh/dict/ydyp_8362457765746457941?contentid=ydyp_8362457765746457941&query=%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%9A%E7%89%87&sf_ch=ch_search_5713&sf_ref=search&from=dicta&isPageHome=1">存档</a>于2024-01-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%AF%B9%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%9A%E7%89%87&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baidu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2Fbh%2Fdict%2Fydyp_8362457765746457941%3Fcontentid%3Dydyp_8362457765746457941%26query%3D%25E5%25A4%258D%25E6%2596%25B9%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E4%25B9%2599%25E9%2585%25B0%25E6%25B0%25A8%25E5%259F%25BA%25E9%2585%259A%25E7%2589%2587%26sf_ch%3Dch_search_5713%26sf_ref%3Dsearch%26from%3Ddicta%26isPageHome%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schmidt, B; Roberts, RS, Davis, P, Doyle, LW, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2006-05-18_354_20/page/2112">Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity</a>. N Engl J Med. May 18, 2006, <b>354</b> (20): 2112–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+therapy+for+apnea+of+prematurity&rft.aufirst=B&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.date=2006-05-18&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=N+Engl+J+Med&rft.pages=2112-21&rft.volume=354&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2006-05-18_354_20%2Fpage%2F2112&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223063601/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202105.html">Caffeine (Systemic)</a>. MedlinePlus. 2000-05-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-12</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202105.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine+%28Systemic%29&rft.date=2000-05-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=MedlinePlus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fdruginfo%2Fuspdi%2F202105.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grosso, Giuseppe; Micek, Agnieszka; Castellano, Sabrina; Pajak, Andzrej; Galvano, Fabio. Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (Wiley). 2015-11-23, <b>60</b> (1): 223–234. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1613-4125"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1613-4125</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmnfr.201500620"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1002/mnfr.201500620</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Coffee%2C+tea%2C+caffeine+and+risk+of+depression%3A+A+systematic+review+and+dose-response+meta-analysis+of+observational+studies&rft.au=Castellano%2C+Sabrina&rft.au=Galvano%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Micek%2C+Agnieszka&rft.au=Pajak%2C+Andzrej&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft.aulast=Grosso&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1613-4125&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Nutrition+%26+Food+Research&rft.pages=223-234&rft.volume=60&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fmnfr.201500620&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EofMD-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EofMD_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Caffeine-related-disorders.html">Caffeine-related disorders</a>. Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100910001842/http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Caffeine-related-disorders.html">存档</a>于2010-09-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine-related+disorders&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+Mental+Disorders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minddisorders.com%2FBr-Del%2FCaffeine-related-disorders.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.articlesbase.com/supplements-and-vitamins-articles/altasterol-caffeine-pro-and-mental-alertness-435631.html">Altasterol Caffeine Pro+ and mental alertness</a>. Articles base & Alta Care Laboratoires. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514133104/http://www.articlesbase.com/supplements-and-vitamins-articles/altasterol-caffeine-pro-and-mental-alertness-435631.html">存档</a>于2019-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Altasterol+Caffeine+Pro%2B+and+mental+alertness&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Articles+base+%26+Alta+Care+Laboratoires&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.articlesbase.com%2Fsupplements-and-vitamins-articles%2Faltasterol-caffeine-pro-and-mental-alertness-435631.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114064852/http://www.csmc.edu/pf_5543.html">Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)</a>. Cedars-Sinai. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmc.edu/pf_5543.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Gastroesophageal+Reflux+Disease+%28GERD%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Cedars-Sinai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmc.edu%2Fpf_5543.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_effects.shtml">Erowid Caffeine Vault: Effects</a>. The Vaults of Erowid. Jul 8, 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210101010807/https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_effects.shtml">存档</a>于2021-01-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Erowid+Caffeine+Vault%3A+Effects&rft.date=2006-07-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Vaults+of+Erowid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine_effects.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EofMD2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EofMD2_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In cases of much larger overdoses <a href="/wiki/Mania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mania">mania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depression_(mood)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depression (mood)（页面不存在）">depression</a>, lapses in judgment, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disorientation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disorientation（页面不存在）">disorientation</a>, loss of social inhibition, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delusions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delusions（页面不存在）">delusions</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallucinations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallucinations（页面不存在）">hallucinations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychosis">psychosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhabdomyolysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdomyolysis">rhabdomyolysis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Death" class="mw-redirect" title="Death">death</a> may occur.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002579.htm">Caffeine overdose</a>. MedlinePlus. 2006-04-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708161843/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002579.htm">存档</a>于2010-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Caffeine+overdose&rft.date=2006-04-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=MedlinePlus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fency%2Farticle%2F002579.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kamijo, Y; Soma K, Asari Y, Ohwada T. Severe rhabdomyolysis following massive ingestion of oolong tea: caffeine intoxication with coexisting hyponatremia. Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 1999 Dec, <b>41</b> (6): 381–3. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10592946?dopt=Abstract">PMID 10592946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Severe+rhabdomyolysis+following+massive+ingestion+of+oolong+tea%3A+caffeine+intoxication+with+coexisting+hyponatremia&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.aulast=Kamijo&rft.chron=1999+Dec&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.pages=381-3&rft.volume=41&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_dose.shtml">Erowid Caffeine Vault: Caffeine Dosage</a>. The Vaults of Erowid. Jul 8, 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210101010811/https://www.erowid.org/chemicals/caffeine/caffeine_dose.shtml">存档</a>于2021-01-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Erowid+Caffeine+Vault%3A+Caffeine+Dosage&rft.date=2006-07-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Vaults+of+Erowid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Fchemicals%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine_dose.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kerrigan, S; Lindsey T. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDoc1&ID=6700">Fatal caffeine overdose: two case reports</a>. Forensic Sci Int. 2005, <b>153</b> (1): 67–9 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821030921/http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDoc1&ID=6700">存档</a>于2010-08-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Fatal+caffeine+overdose%3A+two+case+reports&rft.aufirst=S&rft.aulast=Kerrigan&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Sci+Int&rft.pages=67-9&rft.volume=153&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Freferences%2Frefs_view.php%3FA%3DShowDoc1%26ID%3D6700&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Holmgren, P; Norden-Pettersson L, Ahlner J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDoc1&ID=6702">Caffeine fatalities—four case reports</a>. Forensic Sci Int. 2004, <b>139</b> (1): 71–3 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100821031356/http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDoc1&ID=6702">存档</a>于2010-08-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine+fatalities%E2%80%94four+case+reports&rft.aufirst=P&rft.aulast=Holmgren&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Forensic+Sci+Int&rft.pages=71-3&rft.volume=139&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erowid.org%2Freferences%2Frefs_view.php%3FA%3DShowDoc1%26ID%3D6702&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Walsh, I; Wasserman GS, Mestad P, Lanman RC. Near-fatal caffeine intoxication treated with peritoneal dialysis. Pediatr Emerg Care. Dec 1987, <b>3</b> (4): 244–9. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3324064?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3324064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Near-fatal+caffeine+intoxication+treated+with+peritoneal+dialysis&rft.aufirst=I&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.date=1987-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Pediatr+Emerg+Care&rft.pages=244-9&rft.volume=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mrvos, RM; Reilly PE, Dean BS, Krenzelok EP. Massive caffeine ingestion resulting in death. Vet Hum Toxicol. Dec 1989, <b>31</b> (6): 571–2. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2617841?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2617841</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Massive+caffeine+ingestion+resulting+in+death&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.aulast=Mrvos&rft.date=1989-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Vet+Hum+Toxicol&rft.pages=571-2&rft.volume=31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《精神障碍诊断与统计手册第5版》，物质相关及成瘾障碍，咖啡因相关障碍</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSM-IV-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-IV_58-0"><sup><b>58.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DSM-IV_58-1"><sup><b>58.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth Edition.. 美国精神病学协会. 1994. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780890420621" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-89042-062-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=Diagnostic+and+Statistical+Manual+of+Mental+Disorders%2C+fourth+Edition.&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shannon, MW; Haddad LM, Winchester JF. Clinical Management of Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 3rd ed.. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780721664095" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7216-6409-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=MW&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.btitle=Clinical+Management+of+Poisoning+and+Drug+Overdose%2C+3rd+ed.&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">James, JE; KP Stirling. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-addiction_1983-09_78_3/page/251">Caffeine: A summary of some of the known and suspected deleterious effects of habitual use</a>. British Journal of Addiction. Sep 1983, <b>78</b> (3): 251–8. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6354232?dopt=Abstract">PMID 6354232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Caffeine%3A+A+summary+of+some+of+the+known+and+suspected+deleterious+effects+of+habitual+use&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.aulast=James&rft.date=1983-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Addiction&rft.pages=251-8&rft.volume=78&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_british-journal-of-addiction_1983-09_78_3%2Fpage%2F251&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noever, R., J. Cronise, and R. A. Relwani. 1995. Using spider-web patterns to determine toxicity. NASA Tech Briefs 19 (4):82. Published in New Scientist magazine, 27 April 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, and Kiel DP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/936">Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. October 2006, <b>84</b> (4): 336–342 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-04-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124061215/http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/936">存档</a>于2010-01-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.atitle=Colas%2C+but+not+other+carbonated+beverages%2C+are+associated+with+low+bone+mineral+density+in+older+women%3A+The+Framingham+Osteoporosis+Study&rft.au=Tucker+KL%2C+Morita+K%2C+Qiao+N%2C+Hannan+MT%2C+Cupples+LA%2C+and+Kiel+DP&rft.date=2006-10&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.pages=336-342&rft.volume=84&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajcn.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F84%2F4%2F936&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/158594.htm">《精神药品管理办法》</a>. 中国网. 2002年6月12日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2012年8月11日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200410045504/http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/158594.htm">存档</a>于2020年4月10日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%8D%AF%E5%93%81%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2002-06-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Fchinese%2Fzhuanti%2F158594.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">范斌：“山西省精神药品咖啡因滥用问题”，《山西警官高等专科科学校学报》，2008年第1期，第67-70页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80209/n80361/746303.html">最高人民法院关于审理毒品案件定罪量刑标准有关问题的解释</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515154621/http://www.mps.gov.cn/n16/n80209/n80361/746303.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-05-15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Law/FoodAdditivesList.aspx?nodeID=521">食品添加物使用範圍及限量暨規格標準</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201129081915/http://consumer.fda.gov.tw/Law/FoodAdditivesList.aspx?nodeID=521">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 食品藥物消費者知識服務網</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawContent.aspx?pcode=L0040084">食品添加物使用範圍及限量暨規格標準</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180219031628/http://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawContent.aspx?pcode=L0040084">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 全國法規資料庫</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">David M. Mrazik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/8846793/Mrazik.pdf?sequence=1">Reconsidering Caffeine: An Awake and Alert New Look at America’s Most Commonly Consumed Drug</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210106042432/https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/8846793/Mrazik.pdf?sequence=1">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=David+M.+Mrazik&rft.btitle=Reconsidering+Caffeine%3A+An+Awake+and+Alert+New+Look+at+America%E2%80%99s+Most+Commonly+Consumed+Drug&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F8846793%2FMrazik.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源_2"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90_2"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBersten1999" class="citation book">Bersten I. Coffee, Sex & Health: A history of anti-coffee crusaders and sexual hysteria. Sydney: Helian Books. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-9577581-0-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-9577581-0-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-9577581-0-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.aulast=Bersten&rft.btitle=Coffee%2C+Sex+%26+Health%3A+A+history+of+anti-coffee+crusaders+and+sexual+hysteria&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-9577581-0-0&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Helian+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPendergrast2001" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Pendergrast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Pendergrast（页面不存在）">Pendergrast M</a>. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. London, England: Texere. 2001 [1999]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-58799-088-1" title="Special:网络书源/1-58799-088-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-58799-088-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Pendergrast&rft.btitle=Uncommon+Grounds%3A+The+History+of+Coffee+and+How+It+Transformed+Our+World&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-58799-088-1&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Texere&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/咖啡因">咖啡因</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0?uselang=zh">咖啡因</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="维基新闻">维基新闻</a>中的相关報導：<b><a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_reversed_in_mice_using_caffeine" class="extiw" title="n:Alzheimer's disease reversed in mice using caffeine">Alzheimer's disease reversed in mice using caffeine</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm">Caffeine: How Stuff Works</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080821210828/http://home.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx">GMD MS Spectrum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210106042549/http://gmd.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/Spectrums/43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU21.html">The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs, Caffeine-Part 1</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101108074858/http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU21.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU22.html">Part 2</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100916061300/http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU22.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemsub.online.fr/name/Caffeine.html">Caffeine: ChemSub Online</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110813123009/http://chemsub.online.fr/name/Caffeine.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_caffeine.htm">Caffeine</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201210063754/http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/mv_caffeine.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Periodic Table of Videos（页面不存在）">The Periodic Table of Videos</a></i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621194101/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0405.html">Caffeine International Chemical Safety Cards</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Mayo Clinic staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211">Caffeine content for coffee, tea, soda and more</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a>. 3 October 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2010]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203212345/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/caffeine/AN01211">存档</a>于2010-12-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0&rft.au=Mayo+Clinic+staff&rft.btitle=Caffeine+content+for+coffee%2C+tea%2C+soda+and+more&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Mayo+Clinic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.com%2Fhealth%2Fcaffeine%2FAN01211&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC%E8%93%AC%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="骆驼蓬生物碱（页面不存在）">骆驼蓬生物碱</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%A3%B8%E7%9B%96%E8%8F%87%E7%B4%A0" title="脱磷酸裸盖菇素">脱磷酸裸盖菇素</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E6%B4%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%BE" title="赛洛西宾">裸盖菇素</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%80%E5%B9%B3" title="利血平">利血平</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E7%B4%A0" title="血清素">血清素</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E8%83%BA" title="色胺">色胺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%B2%E4%BA%A8%E5%AE%BE" title="育亨宾">育亨宾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A6%E7%AB%B9%E7%A2%B1" title="芦竹碱">芦竹碱</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%BA%A6%E8%A7%92%E7%A2%B1" title="田麦角碱">田麦角碱</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A9%E5%90%BB%E7%A2%B1" title="钩吻碱">钩吻碱</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E8%83%BA" title="苯乙胺">苯乙胺</a>：</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E8%83%BA" title="苯丙胺">苯丙胺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E9%85%AE" title="卡西酮">卡西酮</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%B4%E8%83%BA" title="多巴胺">多巴胺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E9%BB%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="麻黃素">麻黃素</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%8F%B8%E5%8D%A1%E6%9E%97" title="麦司卡林">麦司卡林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E4%B8%99%E8%83%BA" title="甲基苯丙胺">甲基苯丙胺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E8%83%BA" title="苯乙胺">苯乙胺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E8%83%BA" title="酪胺">酪胺</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="嘌呤">嘌呤</a>：</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">咖啡因</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" 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<li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A3%B7%E8%84%82" title="Template:磷脂">磷脂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9E%98%E8%84%82" title="Template:鞘脂">鞘脂類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%83%86%E5%9B%BA%E9%86%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%94%BE%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:胆固醇与甾体中间产物">胆固醇与甾体中间产物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="Template:核酸">核酸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A2%B1%E5%9F%BA%E3%80%81%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8" title="Template:碱基、核苷和核苷酸">成分</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="Template:核苷酸代谢中间产物">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="咖啡" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#AA5303; color:#FFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Template:咖啡"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:#FFF">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Template talk:咖啡"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:#FFF">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:咖啡"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:#FFF">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="咖啡" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡"><span style="color:#FFF;">咖啡</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3"><span class="nowrap">物種<small>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">浓至淡</a>）</small></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%9C%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="中果咖啡">浓郁中果</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="越南咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in Vietnam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="越南咖啡產業（页面不存在）">越南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Vietnam" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in Vietnam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in Vietnam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%9C%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="小果咖啡">阿拉伯小果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%9C%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="大果咖啡">利比里亚大果</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律賓咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in the Philippines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律賓咖啡產業（页面不存在）">菲律賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_the_Philippines" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in the Philippines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in the Philippines</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫桑比克咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffea racemosa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫桑比克咖啡（页面不存在）">莫桑比克微果</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_racemosa" class="extiw" title="en:Coffea racemosa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffea racemosa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡里尔咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffea charrieriana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡里尔咖啡（页面不存在）">卡里尔巨果</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffea_charrieriana" class="extiw" title="en:Coffea charrieriana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffea charrieriana</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A cup of coffee"><img alt="A cup of coffee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/120px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/180px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG/240px-A_small_cup_of_coffee.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div style="height:5px"></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="coffee beans"><img alt="coffee beans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg/120px-Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg/180px-Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg/240px-Coffee_beans_-_ziarna_kawy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">小果咖啡产地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哥倫比亞咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in Colombia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥倫比亞咖啡產業（页面不存在）">哥倫比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Colombia" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in Colombia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in Colombia</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哥斯大黎加咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in Costa Rica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哥斯大黎加咖啡產業（页面不存在）">哥斯大黎加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Costa_Rica" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in Costa Rica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in Costa Rica</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古巴咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in Cuba"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古巴咖啡產業（页面不存在）">古巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Cuba" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in Cuba"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in Cuba</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="厄瓜多爾咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in Ecuador"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厄瓜多爾咖啡產業（页面不存在）">厄瓜多爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Ecuador" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in Ecuador"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in Ecuador</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩爾瓦多咖啡產業" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee production in El Salvador"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩爾瓦多咖啡產業（页面不存在）">薩爾瓦多</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_production_in_El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee production in El Salvador"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee production in El Salvador</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="印度咖啡產業">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%B1%B1%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="藍山咖啡">牙買加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="巴西咖啡產業">巴西</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">咖啡主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%8F%B6%E8%8C%B6" title="咖啡叶茶">咖啡叶茶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咖啡果茶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="coffee cherry tea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%9E%9C%E8%8C%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咖啡果茶（页面不存在）">咖啡果茶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/coffee_cherry_tea" class="extiw" title="en:coffee cherry tea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">coffee cherry tea</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%98%E8%B1%86%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烘豆咖啡（页面不存在）">烘豆咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="咖啡經濟學">咖啡經濟學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公平贸易咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fair trade coffee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公平贸易咖啡（页面不存在）">公平贸易咖啡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee" class="extiw" title="en:Fair trade coffee"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fair trade coffee</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡與健康</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">咖啡因與健康</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="咖啡的历史">咖啡的歷史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">化學物質</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">咖啡因</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="脱咖啡因处理">脱咖啡因处理</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%86%87" title="咖啡醇">咖啡醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E8%B1%86%E9%86%87" title="咖啡豆醇">咖啡豆醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%85%B0%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="咖啡酰基乙醇">咖啡酰基乙醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%86%9B" title="咖啡醛">咖啡醛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%85%B8" title="咖啡酸">咖啡酸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">烘豆<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%A5" title="咖啡加工">咖啡加工</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咖啡发酵（页面不存在）">发酵</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>传统（绿咖啡豆）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%8E%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="猫屎咖啡">猫屎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">炒制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%83%98%E7%84%99" title="咖啡烘焙">烘炒</a> <ul><li>浅</li> <li>中</li> <li>深</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="糖炒咖啡仁" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Café torrado"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B3%96%E7%82%92%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E4%BB%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="糖炒咖啡仁（页面不存在）">糖炒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_torrado" class="extiw" title="es:Café torrado"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Café torrado</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>油<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%92" title="炒">炒</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马来海南黑咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kopi O"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E9%BB%91%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来海南黑咖啡（页面不存在）">马来海南黑咖啡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopi_O" class="extiw" title="en:Kopi O"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kopi O</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>怡保<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="白咖啡">白咖啡</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="现烘咖啡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Home roasting coffee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%B0%E7%83%98%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="现烘咖啡（页面不存在）">现烘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_roasting_coffee" class="extiw" title="en:Home roasting coffee"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Home roasting coffee</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咖啡研磨（页面不存在）">研磨</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="土耳其咖啡">极细</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">细</a></li> <li>中</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%BF%BE%E5%A3%93%E5%A3%BA" title="法式濾壓壺">粗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%BB%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1#冷泡咖啡" title="冰滴咖啡">极粗</a></li> <li>现磨</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">烘豆咖啡冲泡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%BB%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="冰滴咖啡">冰滴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%BB%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1#冷泡咖啡" title="冰滴咖啡">京都冷泡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">意式热压</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%BF%BE%E5%A3%93%E5%A3%BA" title="法式濾壓壺">法式热冲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="土耳其咖啡">土耳其烹煮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%BA%B6%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="即溶咖啡">美式速溶粉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">冲泡咖啡器械</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%A9%9F" title="咖啡機">咖啡機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E6%BC%8F%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="滴漏式咖啡">滴漏式咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%A9%9F" title="濃縮咖啡機">濃縮咖啡機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%BF%BE%E5%A3%93%E5%A3%BA" title="法式濾壓壺">法式濾壓壺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%8D%A1%E5%A3%B6" title="摩卡壶">摩卡壶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%B9%E5%90%B8%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%A3%BA" title="虹吸式咖啡壺">虹吸式咖啡壺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%A8%82%E5%A3%93" title="愛樂壓">愛樂壓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%BB%A4%E7%BA%B8" title="咖啡滤纸">咖啡濾紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%BE%E7%B4%A2" title="奈斯派索">奈斯派索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemex%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E6%89%8B%E5%86%B2%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%A3%B6" title="Chemex经典手冲咖啡壶">Chemex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%A3%B6%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本咖啡壶控制协议">超文本咖啡壶控制协议</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咖啡飲料列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of coffee beverages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咖啡飲料列表（页面不存在）">咖啡飲料列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coffee_beverages" class="extiw" title="en:List of coffee beverages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of coffee beverages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8A%99%E4%BD%B3%E6%9C%B5" title="阿芙佳朵">阿芙佳朵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="美式咖啡">美式咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="越南咖啡">越南咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%AD%90%E8%95%BE" title="咖啡歐蕾">歐蕾咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%8D%A1%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="摩卡咖啡">摩卡咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="修正咖啡">卡瑞托咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E7%90%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9C%B5%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="瑪琪雅朵咖啡">瑪琪雅朵咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E7%B3%96%E7%91%AA%E7%90%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9C%B5" title="焦糖瑪琪雅朵">焦糖瑪琪雅朵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%83%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%BA" title="卡布奇诺">卡布奇諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%95%A5" title="卡拉希略">茴香酒咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E7%89%9B%E5%A5%B6" title="咖啡牛奶">咖啡牛奶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8A%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A" title="告爾多">告爾多</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西咖啡（页面不存在）">巴西咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%B7%B4%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼巴咖啡（页面不存在）">曼巴咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E5%B1%B1%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="藍山咖啡">藍山咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%9B%BC%E7%89%B9%E5%AF%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃金曼特寧（页面不存在）">黃金曼特寧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="濃縮咖啡">濃縮咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%86%B0%E6%A8%82" title="星冰樂">星冰樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%9B%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="希臘法拉沛咖啡">希臘法拉沛咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="冰咖啡">冰咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%BB%B4%E6%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="印度滴漏咖啡">印度滴漏咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="白咖啡">白咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="爱尔兰咖啡">爱尔兰咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E9%93%81%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="拿铁咖啡">拿铁咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E9%93%81%E7%8E%9B%E7%90%AA%E9%9B%85%E6%9C%B5" title="拿铁玛琪雅朵">拿鐵瑪琪雅朵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A3%E9%85%92%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="利口酒咖啡">酒咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E7%9C%BC%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="紅眼咖啡">紅眼咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="土耳其咖啡">土耳其咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B4%9B%E9%B4%A6_(%E9%A3%B2%E6%96%99)" title="鴛鴦 (飲料)">鴛鴦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%A5%E8%8A%AE%E7%99%BD" title="馥芮白">馥芮白</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%AA%E7%B3%96%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="椪糖咖啡">椪糖咖啡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E4%BB%A3%E7%94%A8%E5%93%81" title="咖啡代用品">咖啡替代品</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E8%8C%B6" title="麥茶">麥茶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8B%A3" title="菊苣">菊苣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%8B%B1%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="蒲公英咖啡">蒲公英咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%96%AF" title="木薯">木薯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#f5deb3">咖啡與生活</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%B8%AB" title="咖啡師">咖啡師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%BA%97" title="咖啡店">咖啡店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%B1" title="咖啡拉花">咖啡拉花</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%85%E7%94%A8%E9%A4%90" title="待用餐">待用咖啡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="咖啡文化">咖啡文化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咖啡儀式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coffee ceremony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咖啡儀式（页面不存在）">咖啡儀式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_ceremony" class="extiw" title="en:Coffee ceremony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coffee ceremony</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1#健康影響" title="咖啡">咖啡對健康的影響</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C" title="古斯塔夫三世的咖啡实验">古斯塔夫三世的咖啡实验</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意式咖啡馆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caffè"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意式咖啡馆（页面不存在）">意式咖啡馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8" class="extiw" title="en:Caffè"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caffè</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E9%87%8C%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%BA%97" title="邻里咖啡店">鄰里咖啡店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%A6%86" title="维也纳咖啡馆">维也纳咖啡馆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%97%A5" title="國際咖啡日">國際咖啡日</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#f5deb3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Category:咖啡">分類</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="Portal:咖啡">主題</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/coffee" class="extiw" title="c:coffee">共享</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中华人民共和国《精神药品品种目录》（2013年版）" 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="垂体功能" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%82%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="垂体">垂体</a>功能</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="皮质醇">皮质醇</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9B%BF%E6%8B%89%E9%85%AE" title="美替拉酮">美替拉酮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%91%9E%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="可的瑞林（页面不存在）">可的瑞林</a><br /></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="生长激素">生长激素</a>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8D%E8%8E%AB%E7%91%9E%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舍莫瑞林（页面不存在）">舍莫瑞林</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E9%95%BF%E9%87%8A%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生长释素（页面不存在）">生长释素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲状腺功能（页面不存在）">甲状腺功能</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%83%E7%94%B2%E7%8A%B6%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="促甲状腺素">促甲状腺素</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E7%91%9E%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普罗瑞林（页面不存在）">普罗瑞林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生育障碍（页面不存在）">生育障碍</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E9%82%A3%E7%91%9E%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈那瑞林（页面不存在）">戈那瑞林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺结核">肺结核</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="結核菌素">结核菌素</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="肾功能">肾功能</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E7%B2%89" title="菊粉">菊粉</a>和其它<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%81%9A%E7%B3%96%E7%B1%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多果聚糖类（页面不存在）">多果聚糖类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9B%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="靛卡红">靛卡红</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%9A%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="酚磺酞">酚磺酞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B%E8%82%BD" title="阿沙克肽">阿沙克肽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="氨马尿酸">氨马尿酸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="嘌呤受体调节剂" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E5%89%82" title="Template:嘌呤受体调节剂"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E5%89%82" title="Template talk:嘌呤受体调节剂"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E5%89%82" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:嘌呤受体调节剂"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="嘌呤受体调节剂" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93" title="嘌呤受体">嘌呤受体</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E8%B0%83%E8%8A%82%E5%89%82" title="受体调节剂">调节剂</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="受体 (生物化学)">受體</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="配體 (生物化學)">配體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%8A%A8%E5%89%82" title="激动剂">激动剂</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine（页面不存在）">2-(1-Hexynyl)-<i>N</i>-methyladenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Cl-IB-MECA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Cl-IB-MECA（页面不存在）">2-Cl-IB-MECA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2%27-MeCCPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2'-MeCCPA（页面不存在）">2'-MeCCPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine（页面不存在）">5'-<i>N</i>-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ATL-146e" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ATL-146e"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATL-146e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATL-146e（页面不存在）">ATL-146e</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATL-146e" class="extiw" title="en:ATL-146e"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ATL-146e</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BAY 60–6583" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BAY 60–6583"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_60%E2%80%936583&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 60–6583（页面不存在）">BAY 60–6583</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAY_60%E2%80%936583" class="extiw" title="en:BAY 60–6583"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BAY 60–6583</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CCPA (biochemistry)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CCPA (biochemistry)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CCPA_(biochemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CCPA (biochemistry)（页面不存在）">CCPA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCPA_(biochemistry)" class="extiw" title="en:CCPA (biochemistry)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CCPA (biochemistry)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CGS-21680" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CGS-21680"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS-21680&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS-21680（页面不存在）">CGS-21680</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-21680" class="extiw" title="en:CGS-21680"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CGS-21680</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CP-532,903" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CP-532,903"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CP-532,903&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CP-532,903（页面不存在）">CP-532,903</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP-532,903" class="extiw" title="en:CP-532,903"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CP-532,903</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GR_79236&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GR 79236（页面不存在）">GR 79236</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5835&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5835（页面不存在）">LUF-5835</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LUF-5845&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LUF-5845（页面不存在）">LUF-5845</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="N6-Cyclopentyladenosine" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="N6-Cyclopentyladenosine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=N6-Cyclopentyladenosine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N6-Cyclopentyladenosine（页面不存在）"><i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-Cyclopentyladenosine</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N6-Cyclopentyladenosine" class="extiw" title="en:N6-Cyclopentyladenosine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">N6-Cyclopentyladenosine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Regadenoson" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regadenoson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regadenoson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regadenoson（页面不存在）">Regadenoson</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regadenoson" class="extiw" title="en:Regadenoson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regadenoson</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDZ_WAG_994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDZ WAG 994（页面不存在）">SDZ WAG 994</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="UK-432,097" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="UK-432,097"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UK-432,097&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UK-432,097（页面不存在）">UK-432,097</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK-432,097" class="extiw" title="en:UK-432,097"><span lang="en" dir="auto">UK-432,097</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8B%AE%E6%8A%97%E5%89%82" title="受体拮抗剂">拮抗劑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-苯基-1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">8-苯基-1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="7-乙酰基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acefylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-乙酰基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">7-乙酰基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acefylline" class="extiw" title="en:Acefylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acefylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="氨茶碱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aminophylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨茶碱（页面不存在）">氨茶碱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminophylline" class="extiw" title="en:Aminophylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aminophylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="8-苄基-7-(2-乙基(2-羟乙基)氨乙基)-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bamifylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-%E8%8B%84%E5%9F%BA-7-(2-%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA(2-%E7%BE%9F%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA)%E6%B0%A8%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA)-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-苄基-7-(2-乙基(2-羟乙基)氨乙基)-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">8-苄基-7-(2-乙基(2-羟乙基)氨乙基)-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamifylline" class="extiw" title="en:Bamifylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bamifylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">咖啡因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="柠檬酸咖啡因">柠檬酸咖啡因</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="CGS-15943" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="CGS-15943"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CGS-15943&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CGS-15943（页面不存在）">CGS-15943</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGS-15943" class="extiw" title="en:CGS-15943"><span lang="en" dir="auto">CGS-15943</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="8-氯茶碱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="8-Chlorotheophylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-%E6%B0%AF%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-氯茶碱（页面不存在）">8-氯茶碱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-Chlorotheophylline" class="extiw" title="en:8-Chlorotheophylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">8-Chlorotheophylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="8-环戊基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤">CPX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CVT-6883&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CVT-6883（页面不存在）">CVT-6883</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="7-二甲基胺基乙基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dimethazan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=7-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%83%BA%E5%9F%BA%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7-二甲基胺基乙基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">7-二甲基胺基乙基-1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethazan" class="extiw" title="en:Dimethazan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dimethazan</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-%E7%8E%AF%E6%88%8A%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="8-环戊基-1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤">DPCPX</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苯甲锡林" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fenethylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%AF%E7%94%B2%E9%94%A1%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苯甲锡林（页面不存在）">苯甲锡林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenethylline" class="extiw" title="en:Fenethylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fenethylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="8-(2-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)乙烯基)-7-甲基-1,3-二乙基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Istradefylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-(2-(3,4-%E4%BA%9A%E7%94%B2%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E5%9F%BA)%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF%E5%9F%BA)-7-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA-1,3-%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%99%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-(2-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)乙烯基)-7-甲基-1,3-二乙基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">8-(2-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)乙烯基)-7-甲基-1,3-二乙基黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istradefylline" class="extiw" title="en:Istradefylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Istradefylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="KF-26777" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="KF-26777"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KF-26777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KF-26777（页面不存在）">KF-26777</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KF-26777" class="extiw" title="en:KF-26777"><span lang="en" dir="auto">KF-26777</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MRE3008F20" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MRE3008F20"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRE3008F20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRE3008F20（页面不存在）">MRE3008F20</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRE3008F20" class="extiw" title="en:MRE3008F20"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MRE3008F20</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1220&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1220（页面不存在）">MRS-1220</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1334&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1334（页面不存在）">MRS-1334</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MRS-1706" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MRS-1706"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1706&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1706（页面不存在）">MRS-1706</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRS-1706" class="extiw" title="en:MRS-1706"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MRS-1706</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-1754&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-1754（页面不存在）">MRS-1754</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRS-3777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRS-3777（页面不存在）">MRS-3777</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paraxanthine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,7-%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine" class="extiw" title="en:Paraxanthine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paraxanthine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pentoxifylline" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentoxifylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentoxifylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentoxifylline（页面不存在）">Pentoxifylline</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentoxifylline" class="extiw" title="en:Pentoxifylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentoxifylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Preladenant" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Preladenant"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preladenant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preladenant（页面不存在）">Preladenant</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preladenant" class="extiw" title="en:Preladenant"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Preladenant</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Propentofylline" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Propentofylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propentofylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propentofylline（页面不存在）">Propentofylline</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propentofylline" class="extiw" title="en:Propentofylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Propentofylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PSB-10" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PSB-10"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-10（页面不存在）">PSB-10</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSB-10" class="extiw" title="en:PSB-10"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PSB-10</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-11（页面不存在）">PSB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB_36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB 36（页面不存在）">PSB 36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-603&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-603（页面不存在）">PSB-603</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-788（页面不存在）">PSB-788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PSB-1115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSB-1115（页面不存在）">PSB-1115</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Rolofylline" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rolofylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolofylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolofylline（页面不存在）">Rolofylline</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolofylline" class="extiw" title="en:Rolofylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rolofylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCH-442,416" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCH-442,416"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-442,416&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-442,416（页面不存在）">SCH-442,416</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCH-442,416" class="extiw" title="en:SCH-442,416"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCH-442,416</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCH-58261" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCH-58261"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-58261&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-58261（页面不存在）">SCH-58261</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCH-58261" class="extiw" title="en:SCH-58261"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCH-58261</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%94%B2%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="四甲尿酸">四甲尿酸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E7%A2%B1" title="可可碱">可可碱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VUF-5574&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VUF-5574（页面不存在）">VUF-5574</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ZM-241,385" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ZM-241,385"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-241,385&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-241,385（页面不存在）">ZM-241,385</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZM-241,385" class="extiw" title="en:ZM-241,385"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ZM-241,385</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E6%94%9D%E5%8F%96%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%91" title="再攝取抑制劑">再攝取抑制劑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" title="细胞膜">细胞膜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ENT（英语：-&#123;Equilibrative_nucleoside_transporter&#125;-）抑制剂" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扩散型核苷运输蛋白" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Equilibrative nucleoside transporter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%9E%8B%E6%A0%B8%E8%8B%B7%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扩散型核苷运输蛋白（页面不存在）">ENT</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrative_nucleoside_transporter" class="extiw" title="en:Equilibrative nucleoside transporter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Equilibrative nucleoside transporter</span></a></span>）</span></span>抑制剂</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地拉䓬" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dilazep"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89%E4%93%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地拉䓬（页面不存在）">地拉䓬</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilazep" class="extiw" title="en:Dilazep"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dilazep</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%98%A7%E8%BE%BE%E8%8E%AB" title="双嘧达莫">双嘧达莫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Hexobendine" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hexobendine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hexobendine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hexobendine（页面不存在）">Hexobendine</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexobendine" class="extiw" title="en:Hexobendine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hexobendine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pentoxifylline" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentoxifylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentoxifylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentoxifylline（页面不存在）">Pentoxifylline</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentoxifylline" class="extiw" title="en:Pentoxifylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentoxifylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Propentofylline" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Propentofylline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Propentofylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propentofylline（页面不存在）">Propentofylline</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propentofylline" class="extiw" title="en:Propentofylline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Propentofylline</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%A6%A5%E7%B1%BB%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="巴比妥类药物">巴比妥类药物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87_(%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9)" title="乙醇 (藥物)">乙醇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AE%E4%93%AC%E7%B1%BB" title="苯二氮䓬类">苯二氮平類藥物</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E8%A7%A6%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%A1" title="突触小泡">突触小泡</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="VNT抑制剂" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: LightYellow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesicular_nucleotide_transporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesicular nucleotide transporter（页面不存在）">VNT</a>抑制剂</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="磷酸二酯酶抑制药" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:磷酸二酯酶抑制药"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF" title="Template talk:磷酸二酯酶抑制药"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:磷酸二酯酶抑制药"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="磷酸二酯酶抑制药" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF" title="磷酸二酯酶抑制药">磷酸二酯酶抑制药</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDE1抑制剂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDE1 inhibitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDE1%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDE1抑制剂（页面不存在）">PDE1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1_inhibitor" class="extiw" title="en:PDE1 inhibitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDE1 inhibitor</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="8-甲氧基甲基-3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="8-Methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=8-%E7%94%B2%E6%B0%A7%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA-3-%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%81%E5%9F%BA-1-%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E9%BB%84%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8-甲氧基甲基-3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤（页面不存在）">MMPX</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8-Methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine" class="extiw" title="en:8-Methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">8-Methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCH-51866" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCH-51866"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-51866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-51866（页面不存在）">SCH-51866</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCH-51866" class="extiw" title="en:SCH-51866"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCH-51866</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%80" title="长春西汀">长春西汀</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDE2抑制剂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDE2 inhibitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDE2%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDE2抑制剂（页面不存在）">PDE2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE2_inhibitor" class="extiw" title="en:PDE2 inhibitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDE2 inhibitor</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAY_60-7550" title="BAY 60-7550">BAY 60-7550</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="EHNA" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="EHNA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EHNA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EHNA（页面不存在）">EHNA</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EHNA" class="extiw" title="en:EHNA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">EHNA</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDE3抑制剂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDE3 inhibitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDE3%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDE3抑制剂（页面不存在）">PDE3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE3_inhibitor" class="extiw" title="en:PDE3 inhibitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDE3 inhibitor</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A8%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%A1%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氨双吡酮（页面不存在）">氨双吡酮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿那格雷（页面不存在）">阿那格雷</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%B0%E8%BE%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布拉地辛（页面不存在）">布拉地辛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%B7%B1%E5%96%B9%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环己喹酰胺（页面不存在）">环己喹酰胺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BB%96%E5%94%91" title="西洛他唑">西洛他唑</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E8%AF%BA%E8%A5%BF%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依诺西酮（页面不存在）">依诺西酮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMUP-1" title="KMUP-1">KMUP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%8A%9B%E5%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米力农（页面不存在）">米力农</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%B9%E9%BD%90%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喹齐酮（页面不存在）">喹齐酮</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RPL-554" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RPL-554"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPL-554&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPL-554（页面不存在）">RPL-554</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPL-554" class="extiw" title="en:RPL-554"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RPL-554</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B0%E8%83%8D%E4%BD%90%E6%97%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氰胍佐旦（页面不存在）">氰胍佐旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E5%96%B9%E8%BE%9B" title="曲喹辛">曲喹辛</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%88%A9%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维斯纳利酮（页面不存在）">维斯纳利酮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E8%BE%BE%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎达维林（页面不存在）">扎达维林</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDE4抑制剂" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDE4 inhibitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDE4%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%89%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDE4抑制剂（页面不存在）">PDE4</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4_inhibitor" class="extiw" title="en:PDE4 inhibitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDE4 inhibitor</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿罗茶碱（页面不存在）">阿罗茶碱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%9B%E5%8F%B8%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西洛司特（页面不存在）">西洛司特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%AB%8B%E7%A1%BC%E7%BD%97" title="克立硼罗">克立硼罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BF%E5%94%91%E5%85%B0" title="阿替唑兰">阿替唑兰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denbutylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denbutylline（页面不存在）">Denbutylline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%88%E4%BB%96%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="屈他维林（页面不存在）">屈他维林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E4%BB%96%E5%94%91%E9%85%AF" title="依他唑酯">依他唑酯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B8%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非明司特（页面不存在）">非明司特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E7%94%B2%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E5%95%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四甲阿卜啡（页面不存在）">四甲阿卜啡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="HT-0712" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="HT-0712"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=HT-0712&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HT-0712（页面不存在）">HT-0712</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HT-0712" class="extiw" title="en:HT-0712"><span lang="en" dir="auto">HT-0712</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E4%B8%81%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异丁地特（页面不存在）">异丁地特</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ICI-63197" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ICI-63197"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ICI-63197&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICI-63197（页面不存在）">ICI-63197</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICI-63197" class="extiw" title="en:ICI-63197"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ICI-63197</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E7%B4%A2%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊索拉定（页面不存在）">伊索拉定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%8A%80%E8%8D%89%E7%B4%A0" title="木犀草素">木犀草素</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD%E8%8A%B1%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日中花碱（页面不存在）">日中花碱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%8F%B8%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吡拉米司特（页面不存在）">吡拉米司特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BD%97%E6%B0%9F%E5%8F%B8%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="罗氟司特（页面不存在）">罗氟司特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0" title="咯利普兰">咯利普兰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ro20-1724&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ro20-1724（页面不存在）">Ro20-1724</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RPL-554" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RPL-554"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPL-554&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPL-554（页面不存在）">RPL-554</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPL-554" class="extiw" title="en:RPL-554"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RPL-554</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="YM-976" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="YM-976"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=YM-976&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YM-976（页面不存在）">YM-976</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YM-976" class="extiw" title="en:YM-976"><span lang="en" dir="auto">YM-976</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%9E%8B%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E5%8A%91" title="第五型磷酸二酯酶抑制劑">PDE5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Acetildenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acetildenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetildenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetildenafil（页面不存在）">Acetildenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetildenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Acetildenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acetildenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Aildenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aildenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aildenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aildenafil（页面不存在）">Aildenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aildenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Aildenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aildenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Avanafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Avanafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avanafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avanafil（页面不存在）">Avanafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avanafil" class="extiw" title="en:Avanafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Avanafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%98%A7%E8%BE%BE%E8%8E%AB" title="双嘧达莫">双嘧达莫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AB%E7%BE%8A%E8%97%BF%E8%8B%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淫羊藿苷（页面不存在）">淫羊藿苷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lodenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lodenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lodenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lodenafil（页面不存在）">Lodenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Lodenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lodenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Mirodenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mirodenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirodenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirodenafil（页面不存在）">Mirodenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirodenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Mirodenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mirodenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MY-5445" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MY-5445"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MY-5445&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MY-5445（页面不存在）">MY-5445</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MY-5445" class="extiw" title="en:MY-5445"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MY-5445</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Nitrosoprodenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nitrosoprodenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrosoprodenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrosoprodenafil（页面不存在）">Nitrosoprodenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosoprodenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Nitrosoprodenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nitrosoprodenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E9%9D%9E" title="西地那非">西地那非</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sulfoaildenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulfoaildenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfoaildenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfoaildenafil（页面不存在）">Sulfoaildenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoaildenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Sulfoaildenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulfoaildenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-0156" title="T-0156">T-0156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E9%9D%9E" title="他达拉非">他达拉非</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Udenafil" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Udenafil"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udenafil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udenafil（页面不存在）">Udenafil</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udenafil" class="extiw" title="en:Udenafil"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Udenafil</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E9%9D%9E" title="伐地那非">伐地那非</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PDE6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E8%8B%AF%E6%B0%AE%E5%98%8C%E9%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丙苯氮嘌酮（页面不存在）">丙苯氮嘌酮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PDE7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BRL-50481" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BRL-50481"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BRL-50481&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BRL-50481（页面不存在）">BRL-50481</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRL-50481" class="extiw" title="en:BRL-50481"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BRL-50481</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PDE9</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="BAY 73-6691" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="BAY 73-6691"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BAY_73-6691&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BAY 73-6691（页面不存在）">BAY 73-6691</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAY_73-6691" class="extiw" title="en:BAY 73-6691"><span lang="en" dir="auto">BAY 73-6691</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SCH-51866" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SCH-51866"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SCH-51866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCH-51866（页面不存在）">SCH-51866</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCH-51866" class="extiw" title="en:SCH-51866"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SCH-51866</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PDE10</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%82%E7%B2%9F%E7%A2%B1" title="罂粟碱">罂粟碱</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PF-2545920" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PF-2545920"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PF-2545920&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PF-2545920（页面不存在）">PF-2545920</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PF-2545920" class="extiw" title="en:PF-2545920"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PF-2545920</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%9D%9E%E7%B4%A2%E6%B3%AE" title="托非索泮">托非索泮</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%AF%E9%85%B6%E6%8A%91%E5%88%B6%E8%8D%AF" title="磷酸二酯酶抑制药">非選擇性磷酸二酯酶抑制藥</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">咖啡因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B4%A2%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="多索茶碱">多索茶碱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBMX" title="IBMX">IBMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B2%99%E7%BB%B4%E6%9E%97" title="莫沙维林">莫沙维林</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B1%E9%85%AE%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF%E8%B1%86%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="己酮可可豆碱（页面不存在）">己酮可可豆碱</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%99%E6%88%8A%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丙戊茶碱（页面不存在）">丙戊茶碱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E7%A2%B1" title="茶碱">茶碱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caféine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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