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Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeina"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Baguhin" href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (tl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeina"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kapeina rootpage-Kapeina skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Kapeina" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Kapeina" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Kapeina" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Kapeina" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kapeina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 92 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe%C3%AFen" title="Kafeïen – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kafeïen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафеін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кафеін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафэін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кафэін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্যাফেইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাফেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافاین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کافاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffein" title="Caffein – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caffein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Καφεΐνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καφεΐνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiin" title="Kofeiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kofeiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافئین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کافئین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiini" title="Kofeiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kofeiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9ine" title="Caféine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caféine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A9in" title="Caiféin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caiféin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קפאין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפאין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="कैफ़ीन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैफ़ीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոֆեին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոֆեին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koff%C3%ADn" title="Koffín – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koffín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="カフェイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カフェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოფეინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოფეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಫೀನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಫೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="카페인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinum" title="Caffeinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caffeinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinna" title="Caffeinna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caffeinna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeinas" title="Kofeinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kofeinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C4%ABns" title="Kofeīns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kofeīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeinina" title="Kafeinina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kafeinina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကေဖိန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကေဖိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्याफिन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्याफिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFne" title="Cafeïne – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cafeïne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeina" title="Kofeina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kofeina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوفین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوفین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofein%C4%83" title="Cofeină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cofeină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C3%ADn" title="Kofeín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kofeín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeni" title="Kafeni – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kafeni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeini" title="Kafeini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kafeini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காஃவீன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஃவீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెఫిన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెఫిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กาเฟอีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเฟอีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Кофеїн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кофеїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafein" title="Cafein – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cafein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קאפעין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפעין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kapeina" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Kapeina&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kapeina"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kapeina"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Kapeina" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Kapeina" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&oldid=2109408" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Kapeina&id=2109408&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKapeina"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKapeina"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kapeina"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kapeina&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caffeine" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Kapeina">Kapeina</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Caffeine_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="2D structure of caffeine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caffeine_structure.svg/220px-Caffeine_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caffeine_structure.svg/330px-Caffeine_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Caffeine_structure.svg/440px-Caffeine_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_(1).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3D structure of caffeine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png/220px-Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png/330px-Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png/440px-Caffeine_molecule_ball_from_xtal_%281%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2682" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Datos Klinikal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/caffeine-caffeine-and-sodium-benzoate-injection-caffeine-citrate.html">monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kategorya_sa_pagdadalangtao" title="Kategorya sa pagdadalangtao">Kategorya sa<br />pagdadalangtao</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Kategorya_sa_pagdadalangtao#Australia" title="Kategorya sa pagdadalangtao">A</a> </li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Substance_dependence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substance dependence (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dependence<br />liability</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_dependence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical dependence (hindi pa naisusulat)">Physical</a>: low–moderate<sup id="cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychological_dependence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychological dependence (hindi pa naisusulat)">Psychological</a>: low<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15448977_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15448977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Adiksyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiksyon">Pananagutang<br />adiksyon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None<sup id="cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–low<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ruta_ng_administrasyon" title="Ruta ng administrasyon">Mga ruta ng<br />administrasyon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oral_route&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oral route (hindi pa naisusulat)">By mouth</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insufflation_(medicine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insufflation (medicine) (hindi pa naisusulat)">insufflation</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffee_enema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffee enema (hindi pa naisusulat)">enema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suppository" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppository">rectal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intravenous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intravenous (hindi pa naisusulat)">intravenous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klase_ng_Droga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klase ng Droga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Klase ng Droga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stimulant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stimulant (hindi pa naisusulat)">Stimulant</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adenosinergic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adenosinergic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Adenosinergic</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugeroic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugeroic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eugeroic</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parasympathomimetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parasympathomimetic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parasympathomimetic</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholinesterase_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cholinesterase inhibitor (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cholinesterase inhibitor</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (hindi pa naisusulat)">Phosphodiesterase inhibitor</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diuretic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diuretic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Diuretic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">Kodigong ATC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC_code_N06B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC code N06B (hindi pa naisusulat)">N06BC01</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06BC01">WHO</a></span>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC_code_D11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC code D11 (hindi pa naisusulat)">D11</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=D11AX26">AX26</a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ATC_code_V04&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATC code V04 (hindi pa naisusulat)">V04</a><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=V04CG30">CG30</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Estadong Legal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Estadong legal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> Walang pagtatakda </li> <li><small><abbr title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: Walang pagtatakda </li> <li><small><abbr title="Alemanya">DE</abbr></small>: Unscheduled </li> <li><small><abbr title="New Zealand">NZ</abbr></small>: Walang pagtatakda </li> <li><small><abbr title="United Kingdom">UK</abbr>:</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=General_sales_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General sales list (hindi pa naisusulat)">General sales list</a> (GSL, OTC) </li> <li><small><abbr title="Estados Unidos">US</abbr>:</small> Walang pagtatakda </li> <li>In general: Legal for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Recreational_drug_use&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recreational drug use (hindi pa naisusulat)">recreational use</a> in most countries</li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Datos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharmacokinetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharmacokinetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parmakokinetiko</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bioavailability" title="Bioavailability">Bioavailability</a></th><td class="infobox-data">99%<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Plasma_protein_binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma protein binding">Pagbuklod ng protina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25–36%<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug metabolism">Metabolismo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Primary: <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP1A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP1A2 (hindi pa naisusulat)">CYP1A2</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Minor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP2E1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP2E1 (hindi pa naisusulat)">CYP2E1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP3A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP3A4 (hindi pa naisusulat)">CYP3A4</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP2C8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP2C8 (hindi pa naisusulat)">CYP2C8</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CYP2C9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYP2C9 (hindi pa naisusulat)">CYP2C9</a><sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;">Mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metabolite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metabolite (hindi pa naisusulat)">Metabolite</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraxanthine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraxanthine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Paraxanthine</a> (84%)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theobromine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theobromine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Theobromine</a> (12%)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophylline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophylline (hindi pa naisusulat)">Theophylline</a> (4%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugso_ng_aksyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugso ng aksyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bugso ng aksyon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">45 minutes–1 hour<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biological_half-life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biological half-life (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyolohikal na hating-buhay</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Adults: 3–7 hours<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Infants (full term): 8 hours<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Infants (premature): 100 hours<sup id="cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharmacodynamics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharmacodynamics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tagal ng aksyon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3–4 hours<sup id="cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ekskresyon" title="Ekskresyon">Ekskresyon</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Urine (100%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Mga pangkilala</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; color: inherit; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangalang IUPAC</a></div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 11px;">1,3,7-Trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-purine-2,6-dione</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;">Singkahulugan</th><td class="infobox-data">Guaranine<br />Methyltheobromine<br />1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine<br />7-methyltheophylline<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS Registry Number">Bilang ng CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.commonchemistry.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonchemistry.org/ChemicalDetail.aspx?ref=58-08-2">58-08-2</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2519">2519</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guide_to_Pharmacology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guide to Pharmacology (hindi pa naisusulat)">IUPHAR/BPS</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=407">407</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DrugBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DrugBank (hindi pa naisusulat)">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201">DB00201</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChemSpider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChemSpider (hindi pa naisusulat)">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">2424</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (hindi pa naisusulat)">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="fdasis.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=3G6A5W338E">3G6A5W338E</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KEGG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KEGG (hindi pa naisusulat)">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00528">D00528</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27732">CHEBI:27732</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL113">CHEMBL113</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_Data_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein Data Bank (hindi pa naisusulat)">PDB</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligand_(biochemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligand (biochemistry) (hindi pa naisusulat)">ligand</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CFF (<span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/PDBeXplore/ligand/?ligand=CFF">PDBe</a></span>, <span title="www.rcsb.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/search/smartSubquery.do?smartSearchSubtype=ChemCompIdQuery&chemCompId=CFF&polymericType=Any">RCSB PDB</a></span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECHA_InfoCard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECHA InfoCard (hindi pa naisusulat)"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.329">100.000.329</a> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Datos Kemikal at Pisikal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pormulang_kimikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pormulang kimikal">Pormula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>8</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>10</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>4</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bigat_Molar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigat Molar">Bigat Molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">194.19 g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;">Modelong 3D (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jmol (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=CN1C%3DNC2%3DC1C%28%3DO%29N%28C%28%3DO%29N2C%29C">Interaktibong larawan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Densidad" class="mw-disambig" title="Densidad">Densidad</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Melting point">Punto ng pagkatunaw</a></th><td class="infobox-data">235 hanggang 238 °C (455 hanggang 460 °F) (anhydrous)<sup id="cite_ref-Pubchem_properties_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pubchem_properties-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChemSpider_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemSpider-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; color: inherit; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplified molecular input line entry specification (hindi pa naisusulat)">SMILES</a></div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; color: inherit; text-align: left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Chemical_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Chemical Identifier (hindi pa naisusulat)">InChI</a></div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">Key:RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>kapeina</b> ay isang <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_sistemang_nerbyos" title="Gitnang sistemang nerbyos">Gitnang sistemang nerbyos</a> (CNS) stimulant ng <a href="/wiki/Xanthine" title="Xanthine">isang klase ng methylxanthine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1356551_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1356551-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito ay ginagamit bilang cognitive enhancer, pagpapataas ng positibo at tungkulin ng pagpasigla.<sup id="cite_ref-caffeine_&_theanine_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caffeine_&_theanine-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Continuum_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Continuum-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang kapeina ay kumikilos sa pamamagitan ng pagharang sa pagbubuklod ng <a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">adenosine</a> sa adenosine A <sub>1</sub> receptor, na naipapahusay sa pagpapalabas ng neurotransmitter na <a href="/wiki/Asetilkolina" title="Asetilkolina">asetilkolina</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pinapataas din ng kapeina ang mga antas ng <i>cyclic AMP</i> sa pamamagitan ng <i>nonselective inhibition</i> ng phosphodiesterase.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang kapeina ay isang mapait, maputi mala-kristal na purine, isang methylxanthine <a href="/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid">alkaloid</a>, at may kemikal na kaugnayan sa <a href="/wiki/Adenine" title="Adenine">adenine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Guanine" title="Guanine">guanine</a> <a href="/wiki/Nukleyobase" title="Nukleyobase">base</a> ng <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">deoxyribonucleic acid</a> (DNA) at <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">ribonucleic acid</a> (RNA). Ito ay matatagpuan sa mga buto, prutas, mani, o dahon ng ilang halaman na katutubo sa Afrika, Silangang Asya at Timog Amerika, at tumutulong upang maprotektahan ang mga ito laban sa mga herbivore at mula sa kompetisyon sa pamamagitan ng pagpigil sa pagtubo ng mga kalapit na buto, pati na rin ang paghikayat sa pagkonsumo ng mga piling hayop tulad ng Pukyutan.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23471406_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23471406-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang mas popular na pinagmulan na panghinakas na sangkap ng kapeina ay ang butil ng kape, ang buto ng halaman ng <i><a href="/wiki/Coffea" title="Coffea">Coffea</a></i> . Ang mga tao ay maaaring uminom ng mga <a href="/wiki/Inumin" title="Inumin">inuming</a> naglalaman ng kapeina upang mapawi o maiwasan ang pangaantok at upang mapabuti ang pagganap ng pag-iisip. Upang gawin ang mga inuming ito, ang kapeina ay kinukuha sa pamamagitan ng pagtarik ng mga produkto ng halaman sa tubig, isang prosesong tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Inpusyon" title="Inpusyon">inpusyon</a> . Ang mga inuming ma merong kapeina, tulad ng <a href="/wiki/Kape" title="Kape">kape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsaa" title="Tsaa">tsaa</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Kola" title="Kola">cola</a>, ay maraming konsyumo nito sa buong mundo at mataas ng - kailangang mg paggamit nito sa lipunan. Noong 2020, halos 10 milyong tonelada ng butilng kape ang nakonsumo sa buong mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang kapeina ay ang pinakalawak na ginagamit na psychoactive na gamot sa mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-abc.net_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc.net-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hindi tulad ng karamihan sa iba pang mga <i>psychoactive substance</i>, ang kapeina ay nananatiling hindi kinokontrol at legal sa halos lahat ng bahagi ng mundo. Ang kapeina ay isa ring panlabas na linya dahil ang paggamit nito ay nakikita bilang katanggap-tanggap sa lipunan sa karamihan ng mga kultura at kahit na hinihikayat sa iba, lalo na sa <a href="/wiki/Mundong_Kanluranin" title="Mundong Kanluranin">Kultura ng lipunang Kanluran</a>. </p><p>Ang kapeina ay maaaring magkaroon ng parehong positibo at negatibong epekto sa kalusugan. Nagagamot at napipigilan nito ang napaaga na mga karamdaman sa paghinga ng sanggol na <i>bronchopulmonary dysplasia</i> ng pagbata at apnea ng prematurity. Ang kapeina citrate ay nasa Listahan ng WHO Model List of Essential Medicines . Maaari itong magbigay ng katamtamang proteksiyon na epekto laban sa ilang sakit,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kabilang ang <a href="/wiki/Karamdamang_Parkinson" title="Karamdamang Parkinson">Karamdamang Parkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Qi_2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qi_2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang ilang mga tao ay nakakaranas ng pagkagambala sa pagtulog o pagkabalisa kung kumakain sila ng kapeina,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ngunit ang iba ay nagpapakita ng kaunting simptomas. Ang katibayan nito ng isang panganib sa pagsasanggol ay hindi maliwanag; inirerekomenda rin ng ilang awtoridad na limitahan ng mga buntis na kababaihan ang kapeina sa katumbas ng dalawang tasa ng kape bawat araw o mas kaunti.<sup id="cite_ref-Jah2015_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jah2015-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang kapeina ay maaaring makagawa ng banayad na anyo ng pag-asa sa droga – nauugnay sa mga sintomas ng paghulog tulad ng pagkaantok, sakit ng ulo, at pagkamayamutin – kapag ang isang indibidwal ay huminto sa paggamit ng kapeina pagkatapos ng paulit-ulit na pang-araw-araw na paggamit.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15448977_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15448977-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Áng pagparaya sa mga awtonomic na epekto ng tumaas na presyon ng dugo at tibok ng puso, at pagtaas ng paglabas ng ihi, ay nabubuo sa talamak na paggamit (ibig sabihin, ang mga sintomas na ito ay hindi gaanong binibigkas o hindi nangyayari pagkatapos ng pare-parehong paggamit).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang kapeina ay sinuri ng US Food and Drug Administration bilang pangkalahatang kinikilala bilang ligtas na gamitin na gamot. Iniulat ng European Food Safety Authority na hanggang 400 mg ng kapeina bawat araw (sa paligid ng 5.7 mg/kg ng body mass bawat araw) ay hindi nagpapataas ng mga nagaalala para sakaligtasan at sa mga hindi buntis na nasa hustong gulang, habang umiinom ng hanggang 200 Ang mg bawat araw para sa mga buntis at nagpapasusong kababaihan ay hindi naglalabas ng mga alalahanin sa kaligtasan para sa fetus o mga sanggol na pinapasuso.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang isang tasa ng kape ay naglalaman ng 80–175 mg ng kapeina, depende sa kung anong "butil" (binhi) ang ginagamit, kung paano ito iniihaw (mas kaunting kapeina ang mga <i>dark roast</i>), at kung paano ito inihahanda (hal., <i>drip</i>, <i>percolation</i>, o <a href="/wiki/Espresso" title="Espresso">espresso</a> ). Kaya nangangailangan ito ng humigit-kumulang 50–100 ordinaryong tasa ng kape upang maabot ang nakakalason na dosis. Gayunpaman, ang purong powdered kapeina, na available bilang dietary supplement, ay maaaring nakamamatay sa laki ng kutsara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Nestler_caffeine_dependence-addiction_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMalenkaNestlerHyman2009" class="citation book cs1">Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". Sa Sydor A, Brown RY (mga pat.). <i>Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience</i> (ika-2nd (na) edisyon). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-07-148127-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-07-148127-4"><bdi>978-0-07-148127-4</bdi></a>. <q>Long-term caffeine use can lead to mild physical dependence. A withdrawal syndrome characterized by drowsiness, irritability, and headache typically lasts no longer than a day. True compulsive use of caffeine has not been documented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+15%3A+Reinforcement+and+Addictive+Disorders&rft.btitle=Molecular+Neuropharmacology%3A+A+Foundation+for+Clinical+Neuroscience&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=375&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Medical&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-07-148127-4&rft.aulast=Malenka&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Nestler%2C+EJ&rft.au=Hyman%2C+SE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DSM-5_definitions_+_addiction-dependence_distinction_+_Caffeine_use_disorder_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Psychiatric_Association2013" class="citation web cs1">American Psychiatric Association (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150815050402/http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Substance%20Use%20Disorder%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf">"Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 1–2. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsm5.org/documents/substance%20use%20disorder%20fact%20sheet.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 15 Agosto 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">10 Hulyo</span> 2015</span>. <q>Substance use disorder in DSM-5 combines the DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single disorder measured on a continuum from mild to severe. ... Additionally, the diagnosis of dependence caused much confusion. Most people link dependence with "addiction" when in fact dependence can be a normal body response to a substance. ... DSM-5 will not include caffeine use disorder, although research shows that as little as two to three cups of coffee can trigger a withdrawal effect marked by tiredness or sleepiness. There is sufficient evidence to support this as a condition, however it is not yet clear to what extent it is a clinically significant disorder.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Substance-Related+and+Addictive+Disorders&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=American+Psychiatric+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.au=American+Psychiatric+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsm5.org%2Fdocuments%2Fsubstance%2520use%2520disorder%2520fact%2520sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC_Press-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Press_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_Press_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222"><i>Introduction to Pharmacology</i></a> (ika-third (na) edisyon). Abingdon: CRC Press. 2007. pp. 222–223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4200-4742-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4200-4742-4"><bdi>978-1-4200-4742-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114181610/https://books.google.com/books?id=qfrLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA222">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 14 Enero 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">25 Agosto</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Pharmacology&rft.place=Abingdon&rft.pages=222-223&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-4742-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqfrLBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15448977-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15448977_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15448977_4-1">4.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJulianoGriffiths2004" class="citation journal cs1">Juliano LM, Griffiths RR (Oktubre 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_psychopharmacology_2004-10_176_1/page/1">"A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features"</a>. <i>Psychopharmacology</i>. <b>176</b> (1): 1–29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00213-004-2000-x">10.1007/s00213-004-2000-x</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15448977">15448977</a>. <q>Results: Of 49 symptom categories identified, the following 10 fulfilled validity criteria: headache, fatigue, decreased energy/ activeness, decreased alertness, drowsiness, decreased contentedness, depressed mood, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and foggy/not clearheaded. In addition, flu-like symptoms, nausea/vomiting, and muscle pain/stiffness were judged likely to represent valid symptom categories. In experimental studies, the incidence of headache was 50% and the incidence of clinically significant distress or functional impairment was 13%. Typically, onset of symptoms occurred 12–24 h after abstinence, with peak intensity at 20–51 h, and for a duration of 2–9 days.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=A+critical+review+of+caffeine+withdrawal%3A+empirical+validation+of+symptoms+and+signs%2C+incidence%2C+severity%2C+and+associated+features&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-29&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00213-004-2000-x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15448977&rft.aulast=Juliano&rft.aufirst=LM&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+RR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_psychopharmacology_2004-10_176_1%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poleszak_2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Poleszak_2015_5-2">5.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPoleszakSzopaWyskaKukuła-Koch2016" class="citation journal cs1">Poleszak E, Szopa A, Wyska E, Kukuła-Koch W, Serefko A, Wośko S, Bogatko K, Wróbel A, Wlaź P (Pebrero 2016). "Caffeine augments the antidepressant-like activity of mianserin and agomelatine in forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice". <i>Pharmacological Reports</i>. <b>68</b> (1): 56–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pharep.2015.06.138">10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.138</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26721352">26721352</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19471083">19471083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+Reports&rft.atitle=Caffeine+augments+the+antidepressant-like+activity+of+mianserin+and+agomelatine+in+forced+swim+and+tail+suspension+tests+in+mice&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-61&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19471083%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26721352&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pharep.2015.06.138&rft.aulast=Poleszak&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Szopa%2C+A&rft.au=Wyska%2C+E&rft.au=Kuku%C5%82a-Koch%2C+W&rft.au=Serefko%2C+A&rft.au=Wo%C5%9Bko%2C+S&rft.au=Bogatko%2C+K&rft.au=Wr%C3%B3bel%2C+A&rft.au=Wla%C5%BA%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drugbank-Caffeine-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-1">6.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-2">6.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-3">6.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-4">6.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-5">6.5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-6">6.6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-7">6.7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Drugbank-Caffeine_6-8">6.8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201#pharmacology">"Caffeine"</a>. <i>DrugBank</i>. University of Alberta. 16 Setyembre 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150504124733/http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00201#pharmacology">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 4 Mayo 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">8 Agosto</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DrugBank&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugbank.ca%2Fdrugs%2FDB00201%23pharmacology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFInstitute_of_Medicine_(US)_Committee_on_Military_Nutrition_Research2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research (2001). "2, Pharmacology of Caffeine". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223808/"><i>Pharmacology of Caffeine</i></a> (sa wikang Ingles). National Academies Press (US). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928043240/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223808/">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 28 Setyembre 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Disyembre</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%2C+Pharmacology+of+Caffeine&rft.btitle=Pharmacology+of+Caffeine&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Institute+of+Medicine+%28US%29+Committee+on+Military+Nutrition+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK223808%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">"Caffeine"</a>. <i>ChemSpider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514141609/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 14 Mayo 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">16 Nobyembre</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChemSpider&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemspider.com%2FChemical-Structure.2424.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pubchem_properties-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pubchem_properties_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?q=all&cid=2519#x27">"Caffeine"</a>. <i>Pubchem Compound</i>. NCBI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">16 Oktubre</span> 2014</span>. <q><br /><b>Boiling Point</b><br />178 °C (sublimes)<br /><b>Melting Point</b><br />238 DEG C (ANHYD)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pubchem+Compound&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fsummary%2Fsummary.cgi%3Fq%3Dall%26cid%3D2519%23x27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChemSpider-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ChemSpider_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">"Caffeine"</a>. <i>ChemSpider</i>. Royal Society of Chemistry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514141609/http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 14 Mayo 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">16 Oktubre</span> 2014</span>. <q>Experimental Melting Point:<br />234–236 °C Alfa Aesar<br />237 °C Oxford University Chemical Safety Data<br />238 °C LKT Labs [C0221]<br />237 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14937<br />238 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 17008, 17229, 22105, 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />235.25 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />236 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27892, 27893, 27894, 27895<br />235 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 6603<br />234–236 °C Alfa Aesar A10431, 39214<br />Experimental Boiling Point:<br />178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar<br />178 °C (Sublimes) Alfa Aesar 39214</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChemSpider&rft.atitle=Caffeine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemspider.com%2FChemical-Structure.2424.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1356551-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1356551_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFNehligDavalDebry1992" class="citation journal cs1">Nehlig A, Daval JL, Debry G (1992). "Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects". <i>Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 139–170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0165-0173%2892%2990012-B">10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-B</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1356551">1356551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research.+Brain+Research+Reviews&rft.atitle=Caffeine+and+the+central+nervous+system%3A+mechanisms+of+action%2C+biochemical%2C+metabolic+and+psychostimulant+effects&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139-170&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0165-0173%2892%2990012-B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1356551&rft.aulast=Nehlig&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Daval%2C+JL&rft.au=Debry%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-caffeine_&_theanine-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-caffeine_&_theanine_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCamfieldStoughFarrimondScholey2014" class="citation journal cs1">Camfield DA, Stough C, Farrimond J, Scholey AB (Agosto 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_nutrition-reviews_2014-08_72_8/page/507">"Acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. <i>Nutrition Reviews</i>. <b>72</b> (8): 507–522. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnure.12120">10.1111/nure.12120</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24946991">24946991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Reviews&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+tea+constituents+L-theanine%2C+caffeine%2C+and+epigallocatechin+gallate+on+cognitive+function+and+mood%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=507-522&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnure.12120&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24946991&rft.aulast=Camfield&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.au=Stough%2C+C&rft.au=Farrimond%2C+J&rft.au=Scholey%2C+AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_nutrition-reviews_2014-08_72_8%2Fpage%2F507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Continuum-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Continuum_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWoodSageShumanAnagnostaras2014" class="citation journal cs1">Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG (Enero 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880463">"Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation"</a>. <i>Pharmacological Reviews</i>. <b>66</b> (1): 193–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1124%2Fpr.112.007054">10.1124/pr.112.007054</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880463">3880463</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24344115">24344115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+Reviews&rft.atitle=Psychostimulants+and+cognition%3A+a+continuum+of+behavioral+and+cognitive+activation&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=193-221&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3880463%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24344115&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1124%2Fpr.112.007054&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Sage%2C+JR&rft.au=Shuman%2C+T&rft.au=Anagnostaras%2C+SG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3880463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCarterO'ConnorCarterUngerstedt1995" class="citation journal cs1">Carter AJ, O'Connor WT, Carter MJ, Ungerstedt U (Mayo 1995). 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"The Medicinal Chemistry of Caffeine". <i>Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>64</b> (11): 7156–7178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.1c00261">10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00261</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34019396">34019396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+Medicinal+Chemistry+of+Caffeine&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=7156-7178&rft.date=2021-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jmedchem.1c00261&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34019396&rft.aulast=Faudone&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Arifi%2C+S&rft.au=Merk%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid23471406-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid23471406_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWrightBakerPalmerStabler2013" class="citation journal cs1">Wright GA, Baker DD, Palmer MJ, Stabler D, Mustard JA, Power EF, Borland AM, Stevenson PC (Marso 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521368">"Caffeine in floral nectar enhances a pollinator's memory of reward"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>339</b> (6124): 1202–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Sci...339.1202W">2013Sci...339.1202W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1228806">10.1126/science.1228806</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521368">4521368</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23471406">23471406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Caffeine+in+floral+nectar+enhances+a+pollinator%27s+memory+of+reward&rft.volume=339&rft.issue=6124&rft.pages=1202-4&rft.date=2013-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4521368%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23471406&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1228806&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Sci...339.1202W&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=GA&rft.au=Baker%2C+DD&rft.au=Palmer%2C+MJ&rft.au=Stabler%2C+D&rft.au=Mustard%2C+JA&rft.au=Power%2C+EF&rft.au=Borland%2C+AM&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+PC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4521368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/292595/global-coffee-consumption/">"Global coffee consumption, 2020/21"</a>. <i>Statista</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Global+coffee+consumption%2C+2020%2F21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Fstatistics%2F292595%2Fglobal-coffee-consumption%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc.net-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-abc.net_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726194701/http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/poison/caffeine/caffeine.htm">"What's your poison: caffeine"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1997. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/quantum/poison/caffeine/caffeine.htm">orihinal</a> noong 26 Hulyo 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Enero</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What%27s+your+poison%3A+caffeine&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fquantum%2Fpoison%2Fcaffeine%2Fcaffeine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span><cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBurchfield1997">Burchfield G (1997). Meredith H (ed.). . Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 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(2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790189">"The Essence of Commodification: Caffeine Dependencies in the Early Modern World"</a>. <i>Journal of Social History</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 269–294. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4529">0022-4529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=The+Essence+of+Commodification%3A+Caffeine+Dependencies+in+the+Early+Modern+World&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=269-294&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0022-4529&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=Ross+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3790189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span><cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFJamieson2001">Jamieson, Ross W. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790189">"The Essence of Commodification: Caffeine Dependencies in the Early Modern World"</a>. <i>Journal of Social History</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 269–294. <a href="/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Pamantayang_Bilang_ng_mga_Publikasyong_Seryal" title="Pandaigdigang Pamantayang Bilang ng mga Publikasyong Seryal">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4529">0022-4529</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCano-MarquinaTarínCano2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cano-Marquina A, Tarín JJ, Cano A (Mayo 2013). 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"The impact of coffee on health". <i>Maturitas</i>. <b>75</b> (1): 7–21. <a href="/wiki/Tagatukoy_ng_digital_na_bagay" title="Tagatukoy ng digital na bagay">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002">10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23465359">23465359</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qi_2014-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Qi_2014_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFQiLi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Qi H, Li S (Abril 2014). "Dose-response meta-analysis on coffee, tea and caffeine consumption with risk of Parkinson's disease". <i>Geriatrics & Gerontology International</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 430–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fggi.12123">10.1111/ggi.12123</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23879665">23879665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geriatrics+%26+Gerontology+International&rft.atitle=Dose-response+meta-analysis+on+coffee%2C+tea+and+caffeine+consumption+with+risk+of+Parkinson%27s+disease&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=430-9&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fggi.12123&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23879665&rft.aulast=Qi&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Li%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span><cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFQiLi2014">Qi H, Li S (April 2014). "Dose-response meta-analysis on coffee, tea and caffeine consumption with risk of Parkinson's disease". <i>Geriatrics & Gerontology International</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 430–9. <a href="/wiki/Tagatukoy_ng_digital_na_bagay" title="Tagatukoy ng digital na bagay">doi</a>:<a href="//doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12123" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1111/ggi.12123">10.1111/ggi.12123</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23879665">23879665</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42527557">42527557</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFO'CallaghanMuurlinkReid2018" class="citation journal cs1">O'Callaghan F, Muurlink O, Reid N (7 Disyembre 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292246">"Effects of caffeine on sleep quality and daytime functioning"</a>. <i>Risk Management and Healthcare Policy</i>. <b>11</b>: 263–271. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2147%2FRMHP.S156404">10.2147/RMHP.S156404</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292246">6292246</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30573997">30573997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Management+and+Healthcare+Policy&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caffeine+on+sleep+quality+and+daytime+functioning&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=263-271&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6292246%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30573997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2147%2FRMHP.S156404&rft.aulast=O%27Callaghan&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Muurlink%2C+O&rft.au=Reid%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6292246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jah2015-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jah2015_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJahanfarJaafar2015" class="citation journal cs1">Jahanfar S, Jaafar SH (Hunyo 2015). "Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes". <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> (6): CD006965. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD006965.pub4">10.1002/14651858.CD006965.pub4</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26058966">26058966</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Effects+of+restricted+caffeine+intake+by+mother+on+fetal%2C+neonatal+and+pregnancy+outcomes&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=CD006965&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD006965.pub4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26058966&rft.aulast=Jahanfar&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Jaafar%2C+SH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_College_of_Obstetricians_and_Gynecologists2010" class="citation journal cs1">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (Agosto 2010). "ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy". <i>Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>. <b>116</b> (2 Pt 1): 467–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2FAOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1">10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20664420">20664420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.atitle=ACOG+CommitteeOpinion+No.+462%3A+Moderate+caffeine+consumption+during+pregnancy&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.pages=467-8&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2FAOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20664420&rft.au=American+College+of+Obstetricians+and+Gynecologists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonWadeWorkmanWoosley1981" class="citation journal cs1">Robertson D, Wade D, Workman R, Woosley RL, Oates JA (Abril 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC370671">"Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man"</a>. <i>The Journal of Clinical Investigation</i>. <b>67</b> (4): 1111–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1172%2FJCI110124">10.1172/JCI110124</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Libreng maa-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC370671">370671</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (hindi pa naisusulat)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7009653">7009653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.atitle=Tolerance+to+the+humoral+and+hemodynamic+effects+of+caffeine+in+man&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1111-7&rft.date=1981-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC370671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7009653&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1172%2FJCI110124&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Wade%2C+D&rft.au=Workman%2C+R&rft.au=Woosley%2C+RL&rft.au=Oates%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC370671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210715130203/https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102">"Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine"</a>. <i>EFSA Journal</i> (sa wikang Ingles). <b>13</b> (5): 4102. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2015.4102">10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1831-4732">1831-4732</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4102">orihinal</a> noong 15 Hulyo 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">15 Hulyo</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EFSA+Journal&rft.atitle=Scientific+Opinion+on+the+safety+of+caffeine&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=4102&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2015.4102&rft.issn=1831-4732&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fefsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.2903%2Fj.efsa.2015.4102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKapeina" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&oldid=2109408">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapeina&oldid=2109408</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Mga kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata (hindi pa naisusulat)">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Articles_containing_unverified_chemical_infoboxes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Kape" title="Kategorya:Kape">Kape</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Alkaloid" title="Kategorya:Alkaloid">Alkaloid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Mga nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: archive-url">CS1 errors: archive-url</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Drugs_with_non-standard_legal_status" title="Kategorya:Drugs with non-standard legal status">Drugs with non-standard legal status</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 10:53, 4 Mayo 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. 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