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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Etimologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semântica_do_sânscrito_arya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semântica_do_sânscrito_arya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Semântica do sânscrito <i>arya</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semântica_do_sânscrito_arya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Índice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arianos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 74 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arier" title="Arier — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Arier" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="آريون — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آريون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aril%C9%99r" title="Arilər — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Арыі — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Арыі — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Арии — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="আর্য — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aris_(poble)" title="Aris (poble) — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aris (poble)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rjov%C3%A9" title="Árjové — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Árjové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arier" title="Arier — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arier" title="Arier — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya" title="Arya — Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Arya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άριος — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άριος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aryan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjoj" title="Arjoj — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arjoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arios" title="Arios — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarjalased" title="Aarjalased — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aarjalased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariar" title="Ariar — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ariar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="آریایی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjalaiset" title="Arjalaiset — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arjalaiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryens" title="Aryens — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aryens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%C3%ABrs" title="Ariërs — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ariërs" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Aryan" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan-ng%C3%ACn" title="Aryan-ngìn — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Aryan-ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="आर्य — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoir%C3%A1ni_n%C3%A9pek" title="Indoiráni népek — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indoiráni népek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արիներ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya" title="Arya — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryani" title="Aryani — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aryani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C3%ADar" title="Aríar — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aríar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="アーリア人 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーリア人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="არიელები — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არიელები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Арилер — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Арилер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಆರ್ಯರು — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಯರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8" title="아리아인 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아리아인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Арилер — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Арилер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80rya" title="Ārya — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ārya" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arijai" title="Arijai — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arijai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80rie%C5%A1i" title="Ārieši — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ārieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%C3%A0na_(vahoaka)" title="Ariàna (vahoaka) — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ariàna (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ആര്യൻ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആര്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="आर्य — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya" title="Arya — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="आर्य — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आर्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ari%C3%ABrs" title="Ariërs — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ariërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariar" title="Ariar — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ariar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariere" title="Ariere — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ariere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariowie" title="Ariowie — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ariowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آریا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اريايان — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اريايان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian" title="Arian — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Арии — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аарийдар — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аарийдар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="آريا — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aryan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rijci" title="Árijci — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Árijci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آریا — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آریا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Аријац — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аријац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arier" title="Arier — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waarya" title="Waarya — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waarya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆரியர் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆரியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ориёӣ — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ориёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ชาวอารยัน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวอารยัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aryan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryan" title="Aryan — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aryan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aril%C3%A4r" title="Arilär — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Arilär" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Арії — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Арії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آریا — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriylar" title="Oriylar — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oriylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya" title="Arya — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Arya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="雅利安人 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雅利安人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="არიალეფი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არიალეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="雅利安人 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="雅利安人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%BA" title="雅利安人 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雅利安人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arianos" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Arianos" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arianos"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arianos"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Arianos" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Arianos" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&oldid=68422407" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a 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mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/Arianos_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Arianos (desambiguação)">Arianos (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Iran_BMNG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Iran_BMNG.png/220px-Iran_BMNG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Iran_BMNG.png/330px-Iran_BMNG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Iran_BMNG.png/440px-Iran_BMNG.png 2x" data-file-width="2104" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>Imagem de satélite do planalto iraniano, onde os arianos ter-se-iam estabelecido desde o final do terceiro milénio antes de Cristo.</figcaption></figure> <p>O termo <b>ariano</b> ou <b>árico</b>, ao referir-se a um <a href="/wiki/Grupo_%C3%A9tnico" title="Grupo étnico">grupo étnico</a>, tem vários significados. Refere-se, mais especificamente, ao subgrupo dos <a href="/wiki/Indo-europeus" title="Indo-europeus">indo-europeus</a> que se estabeleceu no <a href="/wiki/Planalto_iraniano" title="Planalto iraniano">planalto iraniano</a> desde o final do terceiro milénio antes de Cristo. Por extensão, a designação "arianos" (não o termo "árias") passou a referir-se a vários povos originários das estepes da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia_Central" title="Ásia Central">Ásia Central</a> - os Indo-europeus - que se espalharam pela <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> e pelas regiões já referidas, a partir do final do <a href="/wiki/Neol%C3%ADtico" title="Neolítico">neolítico</a>. O nome <i>ariano</i> vem do sânscrito <i>arya</i>, que significa nobre. </p><p>Até recentemente, acreditava-se que os arianos teriam invadido o <a href="/wiki/Subcontinente_indiano" title="Subcontinente indiano">subcontinente indiano</a> por volta de <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1 500 a.C.</span>, vindo do norte, pelo <a href="/wiki/Punjabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjabe">Punjabe</a>, disseminando-se pela <a href="/wiki/Subcontinente_Indiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcontinente Indiano">Índia</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rsia" title="Pérsia">Pérsia</a> e regiões adjacentes. Teriam sido os descendentes dos indo-europeus que fundaram a civilização indiana, subjugando as populações locais, dando origem ao <a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">sistema de castas</a> e, mais especificamente, às castas dominantes dos <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A2mane" title="Brâmane">Brâmanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1tria" title="Xátria">xátrias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vaix%C3%A1" title="Vaixá">vaixás</a>. A sua cultura teria ficado particularmente expressa nos <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> e, principalmente, no <a href="/wiki/Rig_Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rig Veda">Rig Veda</a>, considerado como o mais antigo. Embora essa hipótese da invasão ariana na Índia tenha sido questionada desde o final do século XIX, por causa de certas descobertas arqueológicas e geológicas e pela proposta de interpretações das evidências conhecidas anteriormente,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> novos estudos do âmbito <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Genético">genético</a> põem-na em evidencia e tornam-na afinal mais credível.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Etimologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A palavra ariano tem origem no latim <i>ariānus</i> (<i>ariāna</i>, <i>ariānum</i>), referindo-se à região da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ria_(satrapia)" title="Ária (satrapia)">Ária</a>. Esta região, designada por <i>Arīa</i> ou <i>Ariāna</i> em <a href="/wiki/Latim" title="Latim">latim</a>, corresponderia à parte ocidental da Pérsia ou da Ásia, e deve o seu nome à adaptação dos termos <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega">gregos</a> <i>Areía</i> ou <i>Aría</i> que, por sua vez, remontam aos radicais <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa" title="Língua persa">persas</a> <i>ariya</i>- ou ao <a href="/wiki/Av%C3%A9stico" class="mw-redirect" title="Avéstico">avéstico</a> <i>airya</i>- que se referem a povos invasores e dominantes que mantinham, contudo, solidariedade étnica em relação aos povos dominados, considerados "<a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rbaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bárbaro">bárbaros</a>". A forma <i>Aryāna-</i>, do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa_antiga" title="Língua persa antiga">persa antigo</a> aparece depois em avéstico como <a href="/wiki/Airyanem_Vaejah" title="Airyanem Vaejah">Æryānam Väejāh</a> ("Território dos arianos")<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>; em <a href="/wiki/Persa_m%C3%A9dio" class="mw-redirect" title="Persa médio">Persa médio</a> como <i>Ērān</i>, e no <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa" title="Língua persa">Persa Moderno</a> como Īrān,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> que deu origem, em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_portuguesa" title="Língua portuguesa">português</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Irão">Irão</a> ou Irã. De modo semelhante, a Índia setentrional já foi designada em tempos antigos pelo vocábulo composto (<a href="/wiki/Tatpurusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatpurusa">tatpurusa</a>) <i>Aryavarta</i> "Arya-residência". </p><p>O termo Indo-ariano <i>ar-ya-</i> provém do <a href="/wiki/Proto-indo-europeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-indo-europeu">proto-indo-europeu</a> <i>ar-yo-</i>, um termo formado pela adjectivação com a partícula <i>yo-</i> da raiz <i>ar</i> que significa "juntar com perícia", tal como aparece no grego <i>harma</i>, que significa "carro" ou na raiz <i>aristos</i>, (de onde provém "<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a>"), ou as palavras latinas <i>ars</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">arte</a>), etc. O <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_proto-indo-iraniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua proto-indo-iraniana">proto-indo-iraniano</a> <i><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Aša">ar-ta-</a></i> está relacionado com o conceito de algo "articulado de forma adequada", relacionado com uma visão religiosa de ordem cósmica. </p><p>Já se sugeriu que o adjectivo <i>*aryo-</i> remontava aos tempos Proto-Indo-Europeus, onde era usado como auto-designação dos falantes desta língua. Sugeriu-se, mesmo, que outras palavras como <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire" title="Éire">Éire</a></i>, o nome em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_irlandesa" title="Língua irlandesa">gaélico irlandês</a> para <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a>, ou a palavra alemã <i>Ehre</i> ("honra") estavam relacionadas com esta palavra, mas tal hipótese é, hoje, considerada insustentável. De facto, se o Proto-Indo-Europeu <i>ar-yo-</i> é, sem dúvida, um vocábulo qualificador perfeitamente aceitável, não existe evidência consensual de que tenha sido utilizado como auto-designação por outros grupos étnicos independentes do ramo Indo-Iraniano. </p><p>Na década de 1850, <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a> avançou com a hipótese de que a palavra se referia a populações que se dedicavam à agricultura, já que supunha que houvesse relação com a raiz proto-indo-europeia <i>arh</i> que significa "lavrar a terra". Outros autores do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, como <a href="/wiki/Charles_Morris_(escritor)" title="Charles Morris (escritor)">Charles Morris</a>, voltaram a defender esta ideia, relacionando-a com a expansão da agricultura que é frequentemente ligada à expansão dos povos indo-europeus. Muitos dos linguistas da actualidade rejeitam esta possibilidade. </p><p>Ainda nos dias de hoje, os Arménios auto-designam-se como <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya (página não existe)">Aryaee</a></i>, ou Arianos (com conotação racial de "sangue puro").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semântica_do_sânscrito_arya"><span id="Sem.C3.A2ntica_do_s.C3.A2nscrito_arya"></span>Semântica do sânscrito <i>arya</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Semântica do sânscrito arya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Semântica do sânscrito arya"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69236695">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span> Ver artigo principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya (página não existe)">Arya</a></div> <p>De acordo com <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thieme" title="Paul Thieme">Paul Thieme</a> (1938), o termo <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nscrito_v%C3%A9dico" title="Sânscrito védico">védico</a> <i>arya-</i>, no seu uso original, refere-se a "estrangeiros", mas "estrangeiros" que são potencialmente "convidados" - isto é, com os quais se estabelece uma certa solidariedade étnica, em oposição aos "bárbaros" (<a href="/wiki/Mleccha" title="Mleccha">mleccha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">dasa</a>) e seria a auto-designação étnica, <i>Arya</i> é o oposto directo de <i>Dasa</i> ou <i>Dasyu</i> no <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> (e.g. RV 1.51.8, <i>ví jānīhy âryān yé ca dásyavaḥ</i> "Discerni bem, ó Aryas e Dasyus"). Esta situação é comparável ao uso do termo "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Designa%C3%A7%C3%B5es_dadas_aos_Gregos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Designações dadas aos Gregos (página não existe)">Helénico</a>" na <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga" title="Grécia Antiga">Grécia Antiga</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Interjei%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Interjeição">interjeição</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-%C3%A1rico_m%C3%A9dio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-árico médio (página não existe)">indo-árico médio</a> <i>arē!</i>, <i>rē!</i>, que corresponderá ao português "Tu aí!" ou "Você aí!" deriva do <a href="/wiki/Vocativo" title="Vocativo">vocativo</a> <i>arí!</i> "estrangeiro!". </p><p>O dicionário sânscrito <a href="/wiki/Amarakosha" title="Amarakosha">Amarakosha</a> (cerca de 450 d.C.) define <i>Arya</i> como <i>mahākula kulīnārya</i> - "pertencente a uma família nobre", <i>sabhya</i> - "tendo modos gentis e refinados", <i>sajjana</i> - "bem-nascido e respeitável", e <i>sādhava</i> "que é virtuoso, honrado e recto". </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo" title="Hinduísmo">hinduísmo</a>, os <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A2mane" title="Brâmane">brâmanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1tria" title="Xátria">xátrias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vaix%C3%A1" title="Vaixá">vaixás</a> iniciados na religião Hindu eram <i>arya</i>, um título de honra e respeito devido a certas pessoas pelo seu nobre comportamento. A palavra <i>arya</i> pode, inclusivamente, ser usada para identificar os <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budismo" title="Budismo">budistas</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jainismo" title="Jainismo">jainistas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%A7a_ariana" title="Raça ariana">Raça ariana</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BIANCHINI, Flávia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4500909/A_origem_da_civilizacao_indiana_no_vale_do_Indo-Sarasvati_teorias_sobre_a_invasao_ariana_e_suas_criticas_recentes._Flavia_Bianchini">A origem da civilização indiana no vale do Indo-Sarasvati: teorias sobre a invasão ariana e suas críticas recentes</a>. Pp. 57-108, in: GNERRE, Maria Lúcia Abaurre; POSSEBON, Fabrício (orgs.). <i>Cultura oriental: língua, filosofia e crença</i>. Vol. 1. João Pessoa: Editora da UFPB, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2017/08/23/ciencia/noticia/estudo-genetico-comprova-migracao-para-a-india-ha-cinco-mil-anos-e-instala-a-polemica-1783033">Estudo genético comprova migração para a Índia há cinco mil anos e instala a polémica, por Andrea Cunha Freitas, Público, 23 de agosto de 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Anthropology/arya.htm">«Āryā (Aryan) Philology of Ethnic Epithet of Iranian Peoples. CAIS - The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AArianos&rft.btitle=%C4ry%C4%81+%28Aryan%29+Philology+of+Ethnic+Epithet+of+Iranian+Peoples.+CAIS+-+The+Circle+of+Ancient+Iranian+Studies&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.cais-soas.com%2FCAIS%2FAnthropology%2Farya.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Geography/eran_eranshahr.htm">«Êrān & Êrānšahr; Iran the Land of Aryans. CAIS - The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies.»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de janeiro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AArianos&rft.btitle=%C3%8Ar%C4%81n+%26+%C3%8Ar%C4%81n%C5%A1ahr%3B+Iran+the+Land+of+Aryans.+CAIS+-+The+Circle+of+Ancient+Iranian+Studies.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.cais-soas.com%2FCAIS%2FGeography%2Feran_eranshahr.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">GAMKRELIDZE, Thomas, VYACHESLAV, Vselodovich Ivanov, <i>The Early History of Indo-European(aka Aryan) Languages</i>, Scientific American, Março de 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voi.org/books/wiah/ch6.htm">Are Hindu reformists Hindus?</a> - acesso a 28 de Abril de 2008</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arianos&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r69705596">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em ; -webkit-column-width: 30em ; column-width: 30em ;"> <ul><li>BIANCHINI, Flávia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4500909/A_origem_da_civilizacao_indiana_no_vale_do_Indo-Sarasvati_teorias_sobre_a_invasao_ariana_e_suas_criticas_recentes._Flavia_Bianchini">A origem da civilização indiana no vale do Indo-Sarasvati: teorias sobre a invasão ariana e suas críticas recentes</a>. Pp. 57-108, in: GNERRE, Maria Lúcia Abaurre; POSSEBON, Fabrício (orgs.). <i>Cultura oriental: língua, filosofia e crença</i>. Vol. 1. João Pessoa: Editora da UFPB, 2012.</li> <li>FUSSMAN, G.; KELLENS, J.; FRANCFORT, H.-P.; TREMBLAY, X.: <i>Aryas, Aryens et Iraniens en Asie Centrale</i>. Institut Civilisation Indienne, 2005 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/2868030726" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2868030726</a>.</li> <li>HANKINS, Frank Hamilton: <i>The racial basis of civilization</i>: A Critique of the Nordic Doctrine, A. A. Knopf, New York, 1931.</li> <li>HOUAISS, Antônio; <i>Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa</i>, volume III; Lisboa; <i>Temas e Debates</i>, 2005</li> <li>KAMMENHUBER, A., <i>Aryans in the Near East.</i> Haidelberg, 1968.</li> <li>KAVOUKJIAN, Martiros, <i>The Genesis of Armenian People</i>, Montreal, 1982.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahan_Kurkjian" title="Vahan Kurkjian">KURKJIAN, Vahan</a>. <i>History of Armenia</i>, Michigan, 1968.</li> <li>LAMPREIA, José D.; <i>Arianos</i> 'in' Enciclopédia Verbo Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Edição Século XXI, Volume III, Braga: Verbo. Janeiro de 1998 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9722218662" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 972-22-1866-2</a>.</li> <li>LEBEDYNKY, Y., <i>Les Indo-Européens. Faits, débats, solutions.</i>, Paris, Errances, 2006.</li> <li>MALLORY, James P., <i>A la recherche des Indo-Européens</i>. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1997.</li> <li>MOURRE, <i>Arianos</i> in <i>Dicionário de História Universal</i>, volume I. Lisboa: Círculo de Leitores, Maio de 1998 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9724218082" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 972-42-1808-2</a>.</li> <li>SERGENT, Bernard, <i>Les Indo-Européens</i>. Paris: Payot, 2005.</li> <li>THIEME, Paul, <i>Der Fremdling im Rigveda.</i> Eine Studie über die Bedeutung der Worte ari, arya, aryaman und aarya. Leipzig, 1938.</li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arianos&oldid=68422407">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arianos&oldid=68422407</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Povos_da_Antiguidade" title="Categoria:Povos da Antiguidade">Povos da Antiguidade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Povos_indo-europeus" title="Categoria:Povos indo-europeus">Povos indo-europeus</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_hiperliga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_m%C3%A1gicas_ISBN" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN">!Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 03h57min de 13 de agosto de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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