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Cilióforos - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Estrutura_celular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estrutura_celular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Estrutura celular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estrutura_celular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alimentación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alimentación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alimentación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alimentación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reprodución" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reprodución"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reprodución</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reprodución-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estruturas_especializadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estruturas_especializadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Estruturas especializadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estruturas_especializadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rexistro_fósil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rexistro_fósil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rexistro fósil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rexistro_fósil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reordenamentos_do_ADN_(mestura_xénica)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reordenamentos_do_ADN_(mestura_xénica)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reordenamentos do ADN (mestura xénica)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reordenamentos_do_ADN_(mestura_xénica)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Clasificación</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clasificación-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección &quot;Clasificación&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clasificación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subfilo_Postciliodesmatophora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subfilo_Postciliodesmatophora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Subfilo Postciliodesmatophora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subfilo_Postciliodesmatophora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subfilo_Intramacronucleata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subfilo_Intramacronucleata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Subfilo Intramacronucleata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subfilo_Intramacronucleata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Outros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cilióforos</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 65 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="هدبيات – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هدبيات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="هدبيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هدبيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nfuzorlar" title="İnfuzorlar – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnfuzorlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – baxkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Інфузорыі – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інфузорыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ресничести – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ресничести" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepljari" title="Trepljari – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trepljari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Инфузоринууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Инфузоринууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliats" title="Ciliats – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciliats" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora_(uhong)" title="Ciliophora (uhong) – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ciliophora (uhong)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%B5%DA%A9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کوڵکداران – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کوڵکداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1levn%C3%ADci" title="Nálevníci – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nálevníci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliater" title="Ciliater – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ciliater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimpertierchen" title="Wimpertierchen – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wimpertierchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ciliate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliuloj" title="Ciliuloj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ciliuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsloomad" title="Ripsloomad – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ripsloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziliatu" title="Ziliatu – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ziliatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%98%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مژک‌داران – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مژک‌داران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsiel%C3%A4imet" title="Ripsieläimet – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ripsieläimet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabhr%C3%A1nach" title="Fabhránach – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fabhránach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ריסנית – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריסנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepetljika%C5%A1i" title="Trepetljikaši – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Trepetljikaši" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csill%C3%B3sok" title="Csillósok – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csillósok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ինֆուզորիաներ – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինֆուզորիաներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Инфузореш – inguxo" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Инфузореш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%8A%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="繊毛虫 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="繊毛虫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infuzoriyalar" title="Infuzoriyalar – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Infuzoriyalar" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%AC%EB%AA%A8%EC%B6%A9%EB%A5%98" title="섬모충류 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섬모충류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Инфузориялар – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Инфузориялар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliata" title="Siliata – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Siliata" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliaten" title="Ciliaten – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ciliaten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flimmerdyr" title="Flimmerdyr – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flimmerdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flimmerdyr" title="Flimmerdyr – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flimmerdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripsiel%C3%A4tit" title="Ripsielätit – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ripsielätit" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orz%C4%99ski" title="Orzęski – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Orzęski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliofore" title="Ciliofore – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciliofore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Инфузории – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфузории" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trepljari" title="Trepljari – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trepljari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliate" title="Ciliate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ciliate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1levn%C3%ADky" title="Nálevníky – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nálevníky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Трепљари – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трепљари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ciliata" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliater" title="Ciliater – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ciliater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="సీలియేటా – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీలియేటా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мижакдорон – taxico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мижакдорон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95" title="ซิลิเอต – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิลิเอต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silliler" title="Silliler – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Silliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Инфузорияләр – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инфузорияләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96" title="Війчасті – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Війчасті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infuzoriyalar" title="Infuzoriyalar – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Infuzoriyalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B9ng_l%C3%B4ng" title="Trùng lông – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trùng lông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" title="Ciliophora – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ciliophora" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="纤毛虫 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="纤毛虫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E6%AF%9B%E8%99%AB" title="纤毛虫 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="纤毛虫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%96%E6%AF%9B%E8%9F%B2" title="纖毛蟲 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="纖毛蟲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cili%C3%B3foros" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Conversa:Cili%C3%B3foros" rel="discussion" title="Conversa acerca do contido desta páxina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a variante de lingua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">galego</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cili%C3%B3foros"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=history" title="Versións anteriores desta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Máis opcións" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accións </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cili%C3%B3foros"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código fonte desta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar a fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=history"><span>Ver o historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_que_ligan_con_esta/Cili%C3%B3foros" title="Lista de todas as páxinas do wiki que ligan cara a aquí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páxinas que ligan con esta</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Cambios_relacionados/Cili%C3%B3foros" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recentes nas páxinas ligadas desde esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios relacionados</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1xinas_especiais" title="Lista de todas as páxinas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxinas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;oldid=5552231" title="Ligazón permanente a esta versión desta páxina"><span>Ligazón permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=info" title="Máis información sobre esta páxina"><span>Información da páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Cita&amp;page=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;id=5552231&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información sobre como citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCili%25C3%25B3foros"><span>Xerar URL acurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCili%25C3%25B3foros"><span>Descargar o código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Cili%C3%B3foros"><span>Crear un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;printable=yes" title="Versión para imprimir da páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión para imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros proxectos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliata" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ciliophora" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106345" title="Ligazón ao elemento conectado no repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Para o xénero de peixes da orde dos gadiformes, véxase <a href="/wiki/Ciliata_(x%C3%A9nero)" title="Ciliata (xénero)">Ciliata (xénero)</a></i></dd></dl> <div> <table class="toccolours" style="width:225px; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; float:right; clear:right; border-collapse: collapse" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#FDDBAF;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:125%; font-weight: bold;">Ciliados</span><br /><small>Rango fósil: <a href="/wiki/Ediac%C3%A1rico" title="Ediacárico">Ediacárico</a> - <a href="/wiki/Holoceno" title="Holoceno">Recente</a></small> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg/250px-Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg/375px-Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg/500px-Haeckel_Ciliata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="3276" /></a></span><br /><small>"Ciliados" da <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunstformen_der_Natur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunstformen der Natur (a páxina aínda non existe)">Kunstformen der Natur</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, 1904</small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background: #FDDBAF;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_cient%C3%ADfica" title="Clasificación científica">Clasificación científica</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:none; color:inherit" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Dominio: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukarya">Eukarya</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Reino_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Reino (bioloxía)">Reino</a>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromalveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromalveolata">Chromalveolata</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Superfilo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">Filo</a>: </td> <td><b>Ciliophora</b><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doflein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doflein (a páxina aínda non existe)">Doflein</a>, 1901 <i>emend.</i></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#FDDBAF"> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Clases </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Karyorelictea" title="Karyorelictea">Karyorelictea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Heterotrichea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Spirotrichea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Litostomatea" title="Litostomatea">Litostomatea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyrea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyrea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Phyrea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plagiopylid&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plagiopylid (a páxina aínda non existe)">Plagiopylea</a><br /> Ver texto para as subclases. </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p>O grupo dos <b>cilióforos</b> (<i><b>Ciliophora</b></i>) ou <b>ciliados</b> (<i><b>Ciliata</b></i>) é un grupo de <a href="/wiki/Protozoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoo">protozoos</a> caracterizados pola presenza duns <a href="/wiki/Org%C3%A1nulo" title="Orgánulo">orgánulos</a> con forma de pelo na súa superficie celular chamados <a href="/wiki/Cilio" title="Cilio">cilios</a>. Estes cilios aparecen en todos os membros do grupo (aínda que o grupo dos <a href="/wiki/Suctoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Suctoria">Suctoria</a> só os presentan en parte do seu ciclo de vida), e utilízanos para diversas funcións, como nadar, arrastrarse, adherirse, alimentarse e percibir sensacións. </p><p>Especificando máis, o termo "<b>Ciliophora</b>" utilízase nas clasificacións como un <a href="/wiki/Filo" title="Filo">filo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCiliophora_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCiliophora_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Os Ciliophora poden clasificarse dentro de <i><a href="/wiki/Protista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protista">Protista</a></i> <sup id="cite_ref-pmid19121402_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19121402-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> ou <i><a href="/wiki/Protozoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoo">Protozoa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17669163_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17669163-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> O termo "<b>Ciliata</b>" tamén se usa nas clasificacións <sup id="cite_ref-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> como unha <a href="/wiki/Clase_(biolox%C3%ADa)" title="Clase (bioloxía)">clase</a> taxonómica.<sup id="cite_ref-urlCiliajcta_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlCiliajcta_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> (pero este último termo pode tamén referirse a un tipo de peixe). A clasificación dos protistas está en rápida evolución e non é raro atopar estes termos utilizados para describir outros niveis xerárquicos. </p><p>Os ciliados son un dos grupos de <a href="/wiki/Protista" class="mw-redirect" title="Protista">protistas</a> máis importantes, e son comúns case en todas partes onde haxa auga (lagos, estanques, océanos, ríos, e solos húmidos). Moitos ciliados son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ectosimbiose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ectosimbiose (a páxina aínda non existe)">ectosimbióticos</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Endosimbiose" title="Endosimbiose">endosimbióticos</a>, e algúns son <a href="/wiki/Parasito" title="Parasito">parasitos</a> obrigados ou oportunistas. Os ciliados son unicelulares, con células de gran tamaño, que atinguen 2&#160;mm de lonxitude, e están entre os protozoos con estrutura máis complexa. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estrutura_celular">Estrutura celular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Estrutura celular»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Estrutura celular"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Ciliophora_morphology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ciliophora_morphology.svg/240px-Ciliophora_morphology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ciliophora_morphology.svg/360px-Ciliophora_morphology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ciliophora_morphology.svg/480px-Ciliophora_morphology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Estrutura celular dun cilióforo: 1-<a href="/wiki/Vac%C3%BAolo_contr%C3%A1ctil" title="Vacúolo contráctil">vacúolo contráctil</a>, 2-<a href="/wiki/Vac%C3%BAolo" title="Vacúolo">vacúolo</a> dixestivo, 3-macronúcleo, 4-micronúcleo, 5-citoprocto, 6-citofarinxe, 7-<a href="/wiki/Citostoma" title="Citostoma">citostoma</a>, 8-<a href="/wiki/Cilio" title="Cilio">cilio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A diferenza da maioría dos eucariotas, os ciliados teñen dous conxuntos deiferentes de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_celular" title="Núcleo celular">núcleos</a>: un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Micron%C3%BAcleo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Micronúcleo (a páxina aínda non existe)">micronúcleo</a> pequeno <a href="/wiki/Diploide" title="Diploide">diploide</a>, que intervén na reprodución, e un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macron%C3%BAcleo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Macronúcleo (a páxina aínda non existe)">macronúcleo</a> grande <a href="/wiki/Poliploide" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliploide">poliploide</a>, que intervén na regulación xeral da célula. O macronúcleo é xerado polo micronúcleo por amplificación do seu xenoma e grandes modificacións. A división do macronúcleo ten lugar por amitose, e a segregación dos seus cromosomas realízase por un mecanismo descoñecido. Este proceso de segregación non é perfecto, e despois dunhas 200 xeracións a célula mostra signos de envellecemento. Periodicamente, o macronúcleo debe ser rexenerado a partir do micronúcleo. Na maior parte dos casos isto ocorre durante a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conxugaci%C3%B3n_sexual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Conxugación sexual (a páxina aínda non existe)">conxugación</a></i>. Nela dúas células se aliñan unha enfronte da outra, os micronúcleos realizan a <a href="/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose">meiose</a>, algúns dos núcleos fillos <a href="/wiki/Haploide" title="Haploide">haploides</a> son intercambiados entre as células e despois fusiónanse formando novos micronúcleos e macronúcleos. </p><p>A célula forma tamén <a href="/wiki/Vac%C3%BAolo" title="Vacúolo">vacúolos</a> alimenticios por <a href="/wiki/Fagocitose" title="Fagocitose">fagocitose</a>, os cales xeralmente seguen un determinado percorrido pola célula a medida que o seu contido é dixerido e degradado polos <a href="/wiki/Lisosoma" title="Lisosoma">lisosomas</a> e as substancias nutritivas difunden desde o vacúolo á célula. Os refugallos indixeridos que queden no vacúolo son expulsados por <a href="/wiki/Exocitose" title="Exocitose">exocitose</a> cando o vacúolo chega a un poro da superficie chamado citoprocto (ano). A maioría dos ciliados teñen tamén un ou varios grandes vacúolos contráctiles, os cales recollen o exceso de auga da célula e o expulsan fóra da célula para manter a <a href="/wiki/Presi%C3%B3n_osm%C3%B3tica" title="Presión osmótica">presión osmótica</a>, ou para manter o equilibrio iónico. Estes vacúolos teñen unha distintiva feitura estrelada, cun tubo colector en cada extremo, un poro e fibras contráctiles para contraer o vacúolo e expulsar a auga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alimentación"><span id="Alimentaci.C3.B3n"></span>Alimentación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Alimentación»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Alimentación"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A maioría dos ciliados aliméntanse de forma <a href="/wiki/Heter%C3%B3trofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterótrofo">heterótrofa</a> capturando pequenos organismos, como <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">bacterias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">algas</a>, e arrastrando detritos á súa cavidade oral utilizando cilios modificados. Na cavidade oral hai xeralmente varias membranelas na parte esquerda e unha membrana paraoral na parte dereita, ambas as dúas orixinadas a partir dos chamados <i>policinetos</i>, que son grupos de cilios unidos con estrutruras asociadas. A comida é pulada polos cilios a través do poro oral e pasa á citofarinxe, onde se forman os vacúolos alimenticios. </p><p>Porén, isto varía considerablemente segundo as especies. Algúns ciliados carecen de "boca" e aliméntanse por absorción pola súa superficie, e outros son predadores e aliméntanse doutros <a href="/wiki/Protozoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Protozoo">protozoos</a>, xeralmente outros ciliados. Entre eles están os suctores (suctoria), que se alimentan a través de tentáculos especializados. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reprodución"><span id="Reproduci.C3.B3n"></span>Reprodución</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Reprodución»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Reprodución"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Unk.cilliate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Unk.cilliate.jpg/220px-Unk.cilliate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Unk.cilliate.jpg/330px-Unk.cilliate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Unk.cilliate.jpg/440px-Unk.cilliate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Ciliado nos procesos finais da <a href="/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_binaria" title="Fisión binaria">fisión binaria</a>, unha forma de reprodución asexual.</figcaption></figure> <p>Os ciliados poden realizar tanto a <a href="/wiki/Reproduci%C3%B3n_sexual" title="Reprodución sexual">reprodución sexual</a> coma a <a href="/wiki/Reproduci%C3%B3n_asexual" title="Reprodución asexual">asexual</a>. A reprodución asexual ten lugar por fisión binaria. O micronúcleo sofre <a href="/wiki/Mitose" title="Mitose">mitose</a> e o macronúcleo alóngase e divídese pola metade. A célula despois divídese en dúas. Cada nova célula obtén unha copia do micronúcleo e do macronúcleo. Polo contrario, a reprodución sexual implica o intercambio de material xenético (ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conxugaci%C3%B3n_sexual&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Conxugación sexual (a páxina aínda non existe)">conxugación sexual</a>) entre dous organismos de diferente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipo_de_apareamento&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipo de apareamento (a páxina aínda non existe)">tipo de apareamento</a> (parecido ao sexo, pero pode haber máis de dous tipos de apareamento, non só "macho" e "femia"). Isto xeralmente ocorre cando escasea a comida. As dúas células forman unha ponte de unión entre os seus dous <a href="/wiki/Citoplasma" title="Citoplasma">citoplasmas</a>, os micronúcleos sofren <a href="/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose">meiose</a>, os macronúcleos desaparecen, e os micronúcleos <a href="/wiki/Haploide" title="Haploide">haploides</a> intercámbianse a través da ponte. As células sepáranse despois e forman novos macronúcleos a partir dos seus micronúcleos. As dúas células divídense despois, formando novas células.<sup id="cite_ref-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estruturas_especializadas">Estruturas especializadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Estruturas especializadas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Estruturas especializadas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Tetrahymena_thermophila.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tetrahymena_thermophila.png/220px-Tetrahymena_thermophila.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tetrahymena_thermophila.png/330px-Tetrahymena_thermophila.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Tetrahymena_thermophila.png/440px-Tetrahymena_thermophila.png 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena_thermophila" title="Tetrahymena thermophila">Tetrahymena thermophila</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nalgunhas formas hai tamén policinetias polo corpo (non só na cavidade oral); por exemplo, entre os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espirotrico&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Espirotrico (a páxina aínda non existe)">espirotricos</a>, os cales xeralmente forman unha especie de sedas chamadas <i>cirros</i> (penachos de cilios unidos). Habitualmente os cilios corporais están dispostos formando <i>monocinetias</i> e <i>dicinetias</i>, formadas respectivamente por un ou dous <a href="/wiki/Cinetosoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinetosoma">cinetosomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corpo_basal" title="Corpo basal">corpo basal</a>), cada un dos cales sostén un cilio. Estes cilios están dispostos en ringleiras chamadas <i>cinetias</i>, que discorren desde a parte anterior á posterior da célula. As cinetias orais e corporais constitúen a <i>infraciliatura</i>, unha organización única dos ciliados moi importante para a súa clasificación taxonómica, e inclúen varias fibrilas e <a href="/wiki/Microt%C3%BAbulo" title="Microtúbulo">microtúbulos</a> implicados na coordinación dos cilios. </p><p>A infraciliatura é un dos principais compoñentes do córtex celular. Outros son os <i>alvéolos</i>, pequenas vesículas situadas baixo a membrana celular que están comprimidas contra ela formando unha <i>película</i> que mantén a forma da célula, e que pode ser flexible, contráctil ou ríxida. Xeralmente están presentes tamén numerosas <a href="/wiki/Mitocondria" title="Mitocondria">mitocondrias</a> e <a href="/wiki/Extrusoma" title="Extrusoma">extrusomas</a> (estruturas membranosas que descargan o seu contido fóra da célula). A presenza de alvéolos, a estrutura dos cilios, a forma da mitose e varios outros detalles sinalan que existe unha clara relación entre os ciliados, <a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" class="mw-redirect" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a>, e <a href="/wiki/Dinoflaxelado" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinoflaxelado">dinoflaxelados</a>. Estes grupos aparentemente diferentes agrúpanse dentro dos <a href="/wiki/Alveolado" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolado">alveolados</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rexistro_fósil"><span id="Rexistro_f.C3.B3sil"></span>Rexistro fósil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Rexistro fósil»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Rexistro fósil"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ata hai pouco, os ciliados fósiles máis antigos coñecidos eran os <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tint%C3%ADnido&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tintínido (a páxina aínda non existe)">tintínidos</a> do período <a href="/wiki/Ordov%C3%ADcico" title="Ordovícico">ordovícico</a>. Pero en 2007, Li <i>et al.</i> publicaron unha descrición de ciliados fósiles da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formaci%C3%B3n_Doushantuo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Formación Doushantuo (a páxina aínda non existe)">formación Doushantuo</a>, de aredor de 580 millóns de anos de angüidade, do período <a href="/wiki/Ediac%C3%A1rico" title="Ediacárico">ediacárico</a>. Entre eles había dous tipos de tintínidos e un posible suctor ancestral.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reordenamentos_do_ADN_(mestura_xénica)"><span id="Reordenamentos_do_ADN_.28mestura_x.C3.A9nica.29"></span>Reordenamentos do ADN (mestura xénica)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Reordenamentos do ADN (mestura xénica)»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Reordenamentos do ADN (mestura xénica)"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os ciliados conteñen dous tipos de núcleos: o “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Macron%C3%BAcleo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Macronúcleo (a páxina aínda non existe)">macronúcleo</a>” somático e o “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Micron%C3%BAcleo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Micronúcleo (a páxina aínda non existe)">micronúcleo</a>” xermintaivo. Só o <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_desoxirribonucleico" title="Ácido desoxirribonucleico">ADN</a> do micronúcleo pasa á outra célula durante a reprodución sexual (conxugación). Por outro lado, só o ADN do macronúcleo se expresa activamente e determina o <a href="/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo">fenotipo</a> do organismo. O ADN macronuclear deriva do ADN micronuclear por medio dun abraiantemente extenso rearranxo e amplificación do ADN. </p><p>O macronúcleo empeza como unha copia do micronúcleo. Os <a href="/wiki/Cromosoma" title="Cromosoma">cromosomas</a> micronucleares son fragmentados en moitas pequenas pezas e amplificados para producir máis copias. Os cromosomas macronucleares resultantes a miúdo só conteñen un só <a href="/wiki/Xene" title="Xene">xene</a>. En <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena" title="Tetrahymena">Tetrahymena</a></i>, o micronúcleo ten 10 cromosomas (5 por <a href="/wiki/Xenoma" title="Xenoma">xenoma</a> <a href="/wiki/Haploide" title="Haploide">haploide</a>), entanto que o macronúcleo ten uns 20.000 cromosomas.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21956937-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ademais, os xenes micronucleares están interrompidos por numerosas "Secuencias Eliminadas Internas" (IESs). Durante o desenvolvemento do macronúcleo, as Secuencias Eliminadas Internas son eliminadas por <a href="/wiki/Deleci%C3%B3n" title="Deleción">deleción</a> e os segmentos restantes do xene, denominadas "Secuencias Destinadas ao Macronúcleo", son empalmadas xuntas para orixinar o xene operativo. <i>Tetrahymena</i> ten arredor de 6.000 Secuencias Eliminadas Internas e un 15% do ADN micronuclear é eliminado durante este proceso. O proceso está guiado por ARNs pequenos e marcas <a href="/wiki/Epixen%C3%A9tica" title="Epixenética">epixenéticas</a> na <a href="/wiki/Cromatina" title="Cromatina">cromatina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21956937-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nos ciliados <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espirotrico&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Espirotrico (a páxina aínda non existe)">espirotricos</a> (como <i><a href="/wiki/Oxytricha" title="Oxytricha">Oxytricha</a></i>), o proceso é aínda máis complexo debido á "mestura xénica" (<i>gene scrambling</i>): as Secuencias Destinadas ao Macronúcleo do micronúcleo están xeralmente nunha orde e orientación diferentes da que terán no xene macronuclear, e por iso, ademais de delecións, requírense <a href="/wiki/Inversi%C3%B3n_cromos%C3%B3mica" title="Inversión cromosómica">inversións</a> e <a href="/wiki/Translocaci%C3%B3n_cromos%C3%B3mica" title="Translocación cromosómica">translocacións</a> no ADN para "desmesturalos". Este proceso está guiado por ARNs longos derivados do macronúcleo parental. Máis do 95% do ADN micronuclear é eliminado durante o desenvolvemento macronuclear dos espirotricos.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21956937-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificación"><span id="Clasificaci.C3.B3n"></span>Clasificación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Clasificación»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Clasificación"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg/220px-Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg/330px-Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg/440px-Stentor_roeseli_composite_image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stentor_roeseli&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stentor roeseli (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stentor roeseli</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg/220px-Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg/330px-Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg/440px-Oxytricha_trifallax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4267" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><i>Oxytricha trifallax</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Balantidium_trophB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Balantidium_trophB.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trofozo%C3%ADto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trofozoíto (a páxina aínda non existe)">trofozoíto</a> de <i><a href="/wiki/Balantidium_coli" title="Balantidium coli">Balantidium coli</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subfilo_Postciliodesmatophora">Subfilo Postciliodesmatophora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar a sección: «Subfilo Postciliodesmatophora»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Subfilo Postciliodesmatophora"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clase <a href="/wiki/Karyorelictea" title="Karyorelictea">Karyorelictea</a></li> <li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Heterotrichea</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">Stentor</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subfilo_Intramacronucleata">Subfilo Intramacronucleata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar a sección: «Subfilo Intramacronucleata»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Subfilo Intramacronucleata"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Spirotrichea</a> <ul><li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choreotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Choreotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Choreotrichia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tintinnidium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tintinnidium (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tintinnidium</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Oligotrichia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halteria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Halteria (a páxina aínda non existe)">Halteria</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stichotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stichotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Stichotrichia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Stylonychia" title="Stylonychia">Stylonychia</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hypotrichia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euplotes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Euplotes (a páxina aínda non existe)">Euplotes</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Clase <a href="/wiki/Litostomatea" title="Litostomatea">Litostomatea</a> <ul><li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haptoria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haptoria (a páxina aínda non existe)">Haptoria</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Didinium" title="Didinium">Didinium</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trichostomo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trichostomo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Trichostomatia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balantidium&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Balantidium (a páxina aínda non existe)">Balantidium</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllopharyngea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllopharyngea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Phyllopharyngea</a> <ul><li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllopharyngia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllopharyngia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Phyllopharyngia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilodonella_uncinata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chilodonella uncinata (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chilodonella uncinata</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhynchodia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhynchodia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Rhynchodia</a></li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chonotrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chonotrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Chonotrichia</a></li> <li>Subclase <a href="/wiki/Suctoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Suctoria">Suctoria</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podophrya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Podophrya (a páxina aínda non existe)">Podophrya</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nassophorea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nassophorea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Nassophorea</a></li> <li>Clase <a href="/wiki/Colpodea" title="Colpodea">Colpodea</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Colpoda" title="Colpoda">Colpoda</a></i>)</li> <li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostomatea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostomatea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Prostomatea</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleps&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleps (a páxina aínda non existe)">Coleps</a></i>)</li> <li>Clase <a href="/wiki/Oligohymenophorea" title="Oligohymenophorea">Oligohymenophorea</a> <ul><li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peniculia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peniculia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Peniculia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Paramecium" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramecium">Paramecium</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himen%C3%B3stomo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Himenóstomo (a páxina aínda non existe)">Hymenostomatia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena" title="Tetrahymena">Tetrahymena</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scuticociliatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Scuticociliatia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Scuticociliatia</a></li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peritrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peritrich (a páxina aínda non existe)">Peritrichia</a> (por exemplo, <i><a href="/wiki/Vorticella" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorticella">Vorticella</a></i>)</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astomatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Astomatia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Astomatia</a>, parasitos sen cavidade oral</li> <li>Subclase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostomatia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Apostomatia (a páxina aínda non existe)">Apostomatia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Clase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plagiopylea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plagiopylea (a páxina aínda non existe)">Plagiopylea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros">Outros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar a sección: «Outros»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Xénero <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptocaryon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cryptocaryon (a páxina aínda non existe)">Cryptocaryon</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cili%C3%B3foros&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-urlCiliophora_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-urlCiliophora_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080117074332/http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/ciliophora">"Ciliophora - Definition from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/Ciliophora">o orixinal</a> o 17 de xaneiro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2009-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.btitle=Ciliophora+-+Definition+from+Merriam-Webster%27s+Medical+Dictionary&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedical.merriam-webster.com%2Fmedical%2FCiliophora&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19121402-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19121402_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yi Z, Song W, Clamp JC, Chen Z, Gao S, Zhang Q (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(08)00581-2">"Reconsideration of systematic relationships within the order Euplotida (Protista, Ciliophora) using new sequences of the gene coding for small-subunit rRNA and testing the use of combined data sets to construct phylogenies of the Diophrys-complex"</a>. <i>Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.</i> <b>50</b> (3): 599–607. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19121402">19121402</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2008.12.006">10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.atitle=Reconsideration+of+systematic+relationships+within+the+order+Euplotida+%28Protista%2C+Ciliophora%29+using+new+sequences+of+the+gene+coding+for+small-subunit+rRNA+and+testing+the+use+of+combined+data+sets+to+construct+phylogenies+of+the+Diophrys-complex&amp;rft.au=Yi+Z%2C+Song+W%2C+Clamp+JC%2C+Chen+Z%2C+Gao+S%2C+Zhang+Q&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Mol.+Phylogenet.+Evol.&amp;rft.pages=599-607&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1055-7903%2808%2900581-2&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2008.12.006&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19121402&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17669163-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17669163_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Miao M, Song W, Chen Z; et al. (2007). "A unique euplotid ciliate, Gastrocirrhus (Protozoa, Ciliophora): assessment of its phylogenetic position inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence". <i>J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.</i> <b>54</b> (4): 371–8. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17669163">17669163</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2007.00271.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00271.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.atitle=A+unique+euplotid+ciliate%2C+Gastrocirrhus+%28Protozoa%2C+Ciliophora%29%3A+assessment+of+its+phylogenetic+position+inferred+from+the+small+subunit+rRNA+gene+sequence&amp;rft.au=Miao+M%2C+Song+W%2C+Chen+Z&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=J.+Eukaryot.+Microbiol.&amp;rft.pages=371-8&amp;rft.volume=54&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2007.00271.x&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17669163&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-urlIntroduction_to_the_Ciliata_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624004447/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata.html">"Introduction to the Ciliata"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata.html">o orixinal</a> o 24 de xuño de 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2009-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Ciliata&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Fprotista%2Fciliata.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlCiliajcta_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-urlCiliajcta_-_Definition_from_Merriam-Websters_Medical_Dictionary_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612120546/http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/ciliata">"Ciliata - Definition from Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary"</a>. Arquivado dende <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/ciliata">o orixinal</a> o 12 de xuño de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado o <span class="nowrap">2009-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.btitle=Ciliata+-+Definition+from+Merriam-Webster%27s+Medical+Dictionary&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedical.merriam-webster.com%2Fmedical%2Fciliata&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Li, C.-W.; et al. (2007). "Ciliated protozoans from the Precambrian Doushantuo Formation, Wengan, South China". <i>Geological Society, London, Special Publications</i> <b>286</b>: 151–156. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1144%2FSP286.11">10.1144/SP286.11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.atitle=Ciliated+protozoans+from+the+Precambrian+Doushantuo+Formation%2C+Wengan%2C+South+China&amp;rft.aufirst=C.-W.&amp;rft.aulast=Li&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Geological+Society%2C+London%2C+Special+Publications&amp;rft.pages=151-156&amp;rft.volume=286&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2FSP286.11&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid21956937-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-pmid21956937_7-2">7,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation journal">Mochizuki, Kazufumi (2010). "DNA rearrangements directed by non-coding RNAs in ciliates". <i>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA</i> <b>1</b> (3): 376–387. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956937">21956937</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fwrna.34">10.1002/wrna.34</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fgl.wikipedia.org%3ACili%C3%B3foros&amp;rft.atitle=DNA+rearrangements+directed+by+non-coding+RNAs+in+ciliates&amp;rft.au=Mochizuki%2C+Kazufumi&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+RNA&amp;rft.pages=376-387&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fwrna.34&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21956937&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106345" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q106345">Q106345</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2016376">2016376</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/ciliate">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">GEC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0521748.xml">0521748</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4189928-3">4189928-3</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85066336">sh85066336</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/2777334866">2777334866</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570710">00570710</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ph781161">ph781161</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH935">935</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores_taxonómicos" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores_taxonómicos" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonom%C3%ADa" title="Taxonomía">Identificadores taxonómicos</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AlgaeBase: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=104349">104349</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id176356">176356</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Dyntaxa: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/5000054">5000054</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EOL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4666">4666</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Europea_e_Mediterr%C3%A1nea_de_Protecci%C3%B3n_Vexetal" title="Organización Europea e Mediterránea de Protección Vexetal">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CILIP">1CILIP</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&amp;taxon_no=720">720</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7765738">7765738</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/118996">118996</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">IRMNG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=239">239</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Integrado_de_Informaci%C3%B3n_Taxon%C3%B3mica" title="Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=46211">46211</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=5878">5878</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">uBio: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=4907719">4907719</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=11">11</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D016798">D016798</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/B01.043.185">B01.043.185</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐594d4bbbb‐rk754 Cached time: 20241102150909 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.419 seconds Real time usage: 0.563 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1501/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30255/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1365/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 23/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11140/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.291/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7829195/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 23/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 469.887 1 -total 64.45% 302.836 1 Modelo:Control_de_autoridades 18.11% 85.103 1 Modelo:Taxobox 16.84% 79.109 1 Modelo:Taxobox/núcleo 16.21% 76.149 1 Modelo:Listaref 13.97% 65.630 1 Modelo:Propiedade 8.94% 42.007 3 Modelo:Cita_web 4.07% 19.138 4 Modelo:Cita_publicación_periódica 0.94% 4.427 1 Modelo:Taxobox/cor 0.41% 1.943 1 Modelo:Column-width --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key glwiki:pcache:idhash:213574-0!canonical and timestamp 20241102150909 and revision id 5552231. 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