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</a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WHO" and "The WHO" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Who_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Who (disambiguation)">Who (disambiguation)</a>. For the band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The World Health Organization (WHO) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">specialized agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> responsible for global <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a> It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland, and has six regional offices<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and 150 field offices worldwide. Only sovereign States can participate, and it is the largest intergovernmental health organization at the international level.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">World Health Organization (WHO)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/250px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/375px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg/500px-World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="157"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_headquarters,_Geneva,_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="1772"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tschumi" title="Jean Tschumi">Jean Tschumi</a> and inaugurated in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">WHO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Initialism (W-H-O) by WHO itself and governmental stakeholders </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">7 April 1948; 76 years ago (1948-04-07)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">United Nations specialized agency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=World_Health_Organization&params=46_13_56_N_06_08_03_E_type:landmark_region:CH-GE">46°13′56″N 06°08′03″E / 46.23222°N 6.13417°E / 46.23222; 6.13417</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy Director General</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael Ryan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$6.83 billion (2024–25)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/">who.int</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The WHO's purpose is to achieve the highest possible level of health for all the world's people, defining health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The main functions of the World Health Organization include: to promote the control of epidemic and endemic diseases; to provide and improve the teaching and training in public health, the medical treatment of disease and related matters; and to promote the establishment of international standards for biological products. The <a href="/wiki/Establishment_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Establishment of the World Health Organization">WHO was established</a> on April 7, 1948, and formally began its work on September 1, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Ascher-1952-6">[6]</a> It incorporated the assets, personnel, and duties of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>' Health Organization and the Paris-based <a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">Office International d'Hygiène Publique</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases" title="International Classification of Diseases">International Classification of Diseases</a> (ICD).<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The agency's work began in earnest in 1951 after a significant infusion of financial and technical resources.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The WHO's official mandate is to promote health and safety while helping the vulnerable worldwide. It provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards, collects data on global health issues, and serves as a forum for scientific or policy discussions related to health.<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a> Its official publication, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Report" title="World Health Report">World Health Report</a>, provides assessments of worldwide health topics.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The WHO has played a leading role in several public health achievements, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradication</a> of <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polio_eradication" title="Polio eradication">eradication of polio</a>, and the development of an <a href="/wiki/Ebola_vaccine" title="Ebola vaccine">Ebola vaccine</a>. Its current priorities include <a href="/wiki/Communicable_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicable disease">communicable diseases</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_disease" title="Non-communicable disease">non-communicable diseases</a> such as heart disease and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Healthy_eating" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthy eating">healthy diet</a>, nutrition, and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a>; <a href="/wiki/Occupational_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupational health">occupational health</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">substance abuse</a>. The agency advocates for <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> coverage, engagement with the monitoring of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> risks, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and promoting health and <a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">well-being</a> generally.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The WHO is governed by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (WHA), which is composed of its 194 member states. The WHA elects and advises an executive board made up of 34 health specialists; selects the WHO's chief administrator, the director-general (currently <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>);<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> sets goals and priorities; and approves the budget and activities. The WHO is funded primarily by contributions from member states (both assessed and voluntary), followed by private donors. Its total approved budget for 2020–2021 is over $7.2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-The-Henry-J-Kaiser-Family-Foundation-2019-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> while the approved budget for 2022–2023 is over $6.2 billion. The budget is $6.83 billion for 2024–2025. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Origin_and_founding">1.1 Origin and founding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Establishment">1.2 Establishment</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Operational_history">1.3 Operational history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Policies_and_objectives">2 Policies and objectives</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Overall_focus">2.1 Overall focus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Communicable_diseases">2.1.1 Communicable diseases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Non-communicable_diseases">2.1.2 Non-communicable diseases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Environmental_health">2.1.3 Environmental health</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Life_course_and_lifestyle">2.1.4 Life course and lifestyle</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Surgery_and_trauma_care">2.1.5 Surgery and trauma care</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Emergency_work">2.1.6 Emergency work</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-13"><a href="#Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak">2.1.6.1 Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-14"><a href="#Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic">2.1.6.2 Response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Health_policy">2.1.7 Health policy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Digital_Health">2.1.8 Digital Health</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Policy_packages">2.2 Policy packages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Governance_and_support">2.3 Governance and support</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Partnerships">2.3.1 Partnerships</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Public_health_education_and_action">2.3.2 Public health education and action</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Data_handling_and_publications">2.4 Data handling and publications</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer">2.4.1 International Agency for Research on Cancer</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Structure_and_governance">3 Structure and governance</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Membership">3.1 Membership</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="#Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China">3.1.1 Membership and participation of the Republic of China</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board">3.2 World Health Assembly and Executive Board</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Director-General">3.3 Director-General</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Global_institutions">3.4 Global institutions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Personnel">3.5 Personnel</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Goodwill_Ambassadors">3.6 Goodwill Ambassadors</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization">3.7 Medical Society of the World Health Organization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Financing_and_partnerships">3.8 Financing and partnerships</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Past">3.8.1 Past</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards">3.9 WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#World_headquarters_and_offices">4 World headquarters and offices</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building">4.1 Gallery of the WHO headquarters building</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Country_and_liaison_offices">4.2 Country and liaison offices</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Regional_offices">4.3 Regional offices</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Private_funding">5 Private funding</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_and_founding">Origin and founding</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin and founding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/International_Sanitary_Conferences" title="International Sanitary Conferences">International Sanitary Conferences</a> (ISC), the first of which was held on 23 June 1851, were a series of conferences that took place until 1938, about 87 years.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon-13">[13]</a> The first conference, in Paris, was almost solely concerned with <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, which would remain the disease of major concern for the ISC for most of the 19th century. With the <a href="/wiki/Cause_(medicine)" title="Cause (medicine)">cause</a>, origin, and communicability of many epidemic diseases still uncertain and a matter of scientific argument, international agreement on appropriate measures was difficult to reach.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon-13">[13]</a> Seven of these international conferences, spanning 41 years, were convened before any resulted in a multi-state international agreement. The seventh conference, in Venice in 1892, finally resulted in a convention. It was concerned only with the sanitary control of shipping traversing the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, and was an effort to guard against importation of cholera.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon7-14">[14]</a>: 65 Five years later, in 1897, a convention concerning the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a> was signed by sixteen of the nineteen states attending the Venice conference. While <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweden-Norway">Sweden-Norway</a>, and the US did not sign this convention, it was unanimously agreed that the work of the prior conferences should be codified for implementation.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon10-15">[15]</a> Subsequent conferences, from 1902 until the final one in 1938, widened the diseases of concern for the ISC, and included discussions of responses to <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brucellosis" title="Brucellosis">brucellosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SanCon13-16">[16]</a> In part as a result of the successes of the Conferences, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Sanitary_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-American Sanitary Bureau">Pan-American Sanitary Bureau</a> (1902), and the <a href="/wiki/Office_International_d%27Hygi%C3%A8ne_Publique" class="mw-redirect" title="Office International d'Hygiène Publique">Office International d'Hygiène Publique</a> or "<a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International office of Public Hygiene</a>" in english(1907) were soon founded. When the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> was formed in 1920, it established the Health Organization of the League of Nations. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> absorbed all the other health organizations, to form the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the 1945 United Nations Conference on International Organization, <a href="/wiki/Szeming_Sze" title="Szeming Sze">Szeming Sze</a>, a delegate from China, conferred with Norwegian and Brazilian delegates on creating an international health organization under the auspices of the new United Nations. After failing to get a resolution passed on the subject, <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>, the secretary general of the conference, recommended using a declaration to establish such an organization. Sze and other delegates lobbied and a declaration passed calling for an international conference on health.<a href="#cite_note-Pitt_ULS-18">[18]</a> The use of the word "world", rather than "international", emphasized the truly global nature of what the organization was seeking to achieve.<a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> The constitution of the World Health Organization was signed by all 51 countries of the United Nations, and by 10 other countries, on 22 July 1946.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle_1947-20">[20]</a> It thus became the first specialized agency of the United Nations to which every member subscribed.<a href="#cite_note-shimkin-21">[21]</a> Its constitution formally came into force on the first <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Day" title="World Health Day">World Health Day</a> on 7 April 1948, when it was ratified by the 26th member state.<a href="#cite_note-chronicle_1947-20">[20]</a> The WHO formally began its work in September 1, 1948.<a href="#cite_note-Ascher-1952-6">[6]</a> The first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> finished on 24 July 1948, having secured a budget of US$5 million (then £1,250,000) for the 1949 year. <a href="/wiki/G._Brock_Chisholm" class="mw-redirect" title="G. Brock Chisholm">G. Brock Chisholm</a> was appointed director-general of the WHO, having served as executive secretary and a founding member during the planning stages,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Andrija_%C5%A0tampar" title="Andrija Štampar">Andrija Štampar</a> was the assembly's first president. Its first priorities were to control the spread of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, and to improve <a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">maternal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Child_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Child health">child health</a>, nutrition and environmental hygiene.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Its first legislative act was concerning the compilation of accurate statistics on the spread and morbidity of disease.<a href="#cite_note-bmj1948-19">[19]</a> The logo of the World Health Organization features the <a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Asclepius" title="Rod of Asclepius">Rod of Asclepius</a> as a symbol for healing.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1959, the WHO signed Agreement WHA 12–40 with the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA), which says:<a href="#cite_note-Independence-for-WHO-25">[25]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">whenever either organization proposes to initiate a programme or activity on a subject in which the other organization has or may have a substantial interest, the first party shall consult the other with a view to adjusting the matter by mutual agreement.</blockquote> The nature of this statement has led some groups and activists including <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Europe_for_a_Common_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Europe for a Common Future">Women in Europe for a Common Future</a> to claim that the WHO is restricted in its ability to investigate the <a href="/wiki/Acute_radiation_syndrome" title="Acute radiation syndrome">effects on human health of radiation</a> caused by the use of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> and the continuing effects of <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_nuclear_disasters_and_radioactive_incidents" title="Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents">nuclear disasters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima nuclear disaster">Fukushima</a>. They believe WHO must regain what they see as independence.<a href="#cite_note-Independence-for-WHO-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Independent WHO held a weekly vigil from 2007 to 2017 in front of WHO headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> However, as pointed out by Foreman<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> in clause 2 it states: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In particular, and in accordance with the Constitution of the World Health Organization and the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and its agreement with the United Nations together with the exchange of letters related thereto, and taking into account the respective co-ordinating responsibilities of both organizations, it is recognized by the World Health Organization that the International Atomic Energy Agency has the primary responsibility for encouraging, assisting and co-ordinating research and development and practical application of atomic energy for peaceful uses throughout the world without prejudice to the right of the World Health Organization to concern itself with promoting, developing, assisting and co-ordinating international health work, including research, in all its aspects.</blockquote> The key text is highlighted in bold, the agreement in clause 2 states that the WHO is free to perform any health-related work. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operational history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/220px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2220"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/220px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/330px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg/440px-Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Three former directors of the <a href="/wiki/Smallpox#Eradication" title="Smallpox">Global Smallpox Eradication Programme</a> read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.</figcaption></figure> 1947: The WHO established an <a href="/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> information service via <a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">telex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 5 1949: The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and its constituent republics quit the WHO over the organization's unwillingness to share the <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> recipe. They would not return until 1956.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> 1950: A mass <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> inoculation drive using the <a href="/wiki/BCG_vaccine" title="BCG vaccine">BCG vaccine</a> gets under way.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 8 1955: The malaria eradication programme was launched, although objectives were later modified. (In most areas, the programme goals became control instead of eradication.)<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 9 1958: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Zhdanov" title="Viktor Zhdanov">Viktor Zhdanov</a>, Deputy Minister of Health for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>, called on the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> to undertake a global initiative to <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_infectious_diseases" title="Eradication of infectious diseases">eradicate</a> smallpox, resulting in Resolution WHA11.54.<a href="#cite_note-fenner3-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fenner2-33">[33]</a>: 366–371, 393, 399, 419 1965: The first report on <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a> and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 10–11 1966: The WHO moved its headquarters from the Ariana wing at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a> to a newly constructed headquarters elsewhere in Geneva.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/220px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1856"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/220px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/330px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg/440px-Alexei_Yablokov%2C_Rosa_Goncharova%2C_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Yablokov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexey Yablokov">Alexey Yablokov</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Vassili_Nesterenko" title="Vassili Nesterenko">Vassili Nesterenko</a> (farthest right) protesting in front of the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2008</figcaption></figure>1967: The WHO intensified the global <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> eradication campaign by contributing $2.4 million annually to the effort and adopted a new <a href="/wiki/Disease_surveillance" title="Disease surveillance">disease surveillance</a> method,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> at a time when 2 million people were dying from smallpox per year.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The initial problem the WHO team faced was inadequate reporting of smallpox cases. WHO established a network of consultants who assisted countries in setting up surveillance and containment activities.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The WHO also helped contain the last European <a href="/wiki/1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak" title="1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak">outbreak in Yugoslavia in 1972</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> After over two decades of fighting smallpox, a Global Commission declared in 1979 that the disease had been eradicated – the first disease in history to be eliminated by human effort.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> 1974: The <a href="/wiki/Expanded_Programme_on_Immunization" class="mw-redirect" title="Expanded Programme on Immunization">Expanded Programme on Immunization</a><a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 13 and the control programme of <a href="/wiki/Onchocerciasis" title="Onchocerciasis">onchocerciasis</a> was started, an important partnership between the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP), and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 14 1975: The WHO launched the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_disease#Health_programmes" title="Tropical disease">Special Programme for Research and Training</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tropical_disease" title="Tropical disease">Tropical diseases</a> (the TDR).<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 15 Co-sponsored by <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>, UNDP, and the World Bank, it was established in response to a 1974 request from the WHA for an intensive effort to develop improved control of tropical diseases. The TDR's goals are, firstly, to support and coordinate international research into diagnosis, treatment and control of tropical diseases; and, secondly, to strengthen research capabilities within endemic countries.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> 1976: The WHA enacted a resolution on <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disability</a> prevention and <a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">rehabilitation</a>, with a focus on community-driven care.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 16 1977 and 1978: The first list of <a href="/wiki/Essential_medicines" title="Essential medicines">essential medicines</a> was drawn up,<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 17 and a year later the ambitious goal of "<a href="/wiki/Health_For_All" title="Health For All">Health For All</a>" was declared.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 18 1986: The WHO began its global programme on <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 20 Two years later preventing discrimination against patients was attended to<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 21 and in 1996 the <a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a> (UNAIDS) was formed.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 23 1988: The <a href="/wiki/Global_Polio_Eradication_Initiative" title="Global Polio Eradication Initiative">Global Polio Eradication Initiative</a> was established.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 22 1995: The WHO established an independent International Commission for the Certification of <a href="/wiki/Eradication_of_dracunculiasis" title="Eradication of dracunculiasis">Dracunculiasis Eradication</a> (Guinea worm disease eradication; ICCDE).<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 23 The ICCDE recommends to the WHO which countries fulfil requirements for certification. It also has role in advising on progress made towards elimination of transmission and processes for verification.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> 1998: The WHO's director-general highlighted gains in child survival, reduced <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">infant mortality</a>, increased <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> and reduced rates of "scourges" such as smallpox and <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> on the fiftieth anniversary of WHO's founding. He, did, however, accept that more had to be done to assist maternal health and that progress in this area had been slow.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> 2000: The <a href="/wiki/Stop_TB_Partnership" title="Stop TB Partnership">Stop TB Partnership</a> was created along with the UN's formulation of the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 24 2001: The <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a> initiative was formed, and credited with reducing global deaths from the disease by 68% by 2007.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 26 2002: <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a> was drawn up to improve the resources available.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-2-30">[30]</a>: 27 2005: The WHO revises <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a> (IHR) in light of emerging health threats and the experience of the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002/3 SARS epidemic</a>, authorizing WHO, among other things, to declare a health threat a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> 2006: The WHO endorsed the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit for Zimbabwe, which formed the basis for global prevention, treatment, and support the plan to fight the <a href="/wiki/AIDS_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS pandemic">AIDS pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/220px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3427" data-file-height="1867"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/220px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/330px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg/440px-Dr_Edmond_Fernandes_and_WHO_Representative_to_India.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>WHO Representative to India & EMT Team with Dr. Edmond Fernandes at a policy meeting</figcaption></figure> 2006: The WHO launches the <a href="/wiki/Global_action_plan_for_influenza_vaccines" title="Global action plan for influenza vaccines">Global action plan for influenza vaccines</a> 2016: The <a href="/wiki/Global_action_plan_for_influenza_vaccines" title="Global action plan for influenza vaccines">Global action plan for influenza vaccines</a> ends with a report which concludes that while substantial progress has been made over the 10 years of the Plan, the world is still not ready to respond to an influenza pandemic. 2016: Following the perceived failure of the response to the <a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">West Africa Ebola outbreak</a>, the World Health Emergencies programme was formed, changing the WHO from just being a "normative" agency to one that responds operationally to health emergencies.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> 2020: the World Health Organization announced that it had classified the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">novel coronavirus outbreak</a> as a public health emergency of international concern. The <a href="/wiki/Novel_coronavirus" title="Novel coronavirus">novel coronavirus</a> was a new strain of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">coronavirus</a> that had never been detected in humans before. The WHO named this new coronavirus "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>" or "2019-nCov". 2022: The WHO suggests formation of a Global Health Emergency Council, with a new global health emergency workforce, and recommends revision of the International Health Regulations.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> 2024: WHO has declared the spread of <a href="/wiki/Mpox" title="Mpox">mpox</a> (formerly monkeypox) in several African countries a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_of_international_concern" title="Public health emergency of international concern">public health emergency</a> of international concern, marking the second such declaration in the last two years due to the virus's transmission.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Policies_and_objectives">Policies and objectives</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policies and objectives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overall_focus">Overall focus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Overall focus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO's Constitution states that its objective "is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The WHO fulfils this objective through its functions as defined in its Constitution: <ul style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <li>To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work;</li> <li>To establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations as may be deemed appropriate;</li> <li>To assist Governments, upon request, in strengthening health services;</li> <li>To furnish appropriate technical assistance and, in emergencies, necessary aid upon the request or acceptance of Governments;</li> <li>To provide or assist in providing, upon the request of the United Nations, health services and facilities to special groups, such as the peoples of trust territories;</li> <li>To establish and maintain such administrative and technical services as may be required, including epidemiological and statistical services;</li> <li>To stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other diseases;</li> <li>To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the prevention of accidental injuries;</li> <li>To promote, in co-operation with other specialized agencies where necessary, the improvement of nutrition, housing, sanitation, recreation, economic or working conditions and other aspects of environmental hygiene;</li> <li>To promote co-operation among scientific and professional groups which contribute to the advancement of health;</li> <li>To propose conventions, agreements and regulations, and make recommendations with respect to international health matters and to perform (Article 2 of the Constitution).</li> </ul> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the WHO has defined its role in <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> as follows:<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <ul><li>providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;</li> <li>shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation, and dissemination of valuable knowledge;<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;</li> <li>articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;</li> <li>providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity; and</li> <li>monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.</li> <li>CRVS (<a href="/wiki/Civil_registration_and_vital_statistics" title="Civil registration and vital statistics">civil registration and vital statistics</a>) to provide monitoring of vital events (birth, death, wedding, divorce).<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul> Since the late 20th century, the rise of new actors engaged in global health—such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (<a href="/wiki/President%27s_Emergency_Plan_for_AIDS_Relief" title="President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief">PEPFAR</a>) and dozens of public-private partnerships for global health—have weakened the WHO's role as a coordinator and policy leader in the field; subsequently, there are various proposals to reform or reorient the WHO's role and priorities in public health, ranging from narrowing its mandate to strengthening its independence and authority.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Communicable_diseases">Communicable diseases</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Communicable diseases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During the 1970s, WHO had dropped its commitment to a global malaria eradication campaign as too ambitious, it retained a strong commitment to malaria control. WHO's Global Malaria Programme works to keep track of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> cases, and future problems in malaria control schemes. As of 2012, the WHO was to report as to whether <a href="/wiki/RTS,S" title="RTS,S">RTS,S</a>/AS01, were a viable <a href="/wiki/Malaria_vaccine" title="Malaria vaccine">malaria vaccine</a>. For the time being, <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticide</a>-treated <a href="/wiki/Mosquito_net" title="Mosquito net">mosquito nets</a> and insecticide sprays are used to prevent the spread of malaria, as are <a href="/wiki/Antimalarial_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimalarial drugs">antimalarial drugs</a> – particularly to vulnerable people such as pregnant women and young children.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 1988, WHO launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative to eradicate <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> It has also been successful in helping to reduce cases by 99% since WHO partnered with <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary International</a>, the <a href="/wiki/US_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Children%27s_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children's Fund">United Nations Children's Fund</a> (UNICEF), and smaller organizations. As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, it has been working to immunize young children and prevent the re-emergence of cases in countries declared "polio-free".<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In 2017, a study was conducted as to why Polio Vaccines may not be enough to eradicate the Virus & conduct new technology. Polio is now on the verge of extinction, thanks to a Global Vaccination Drive. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated the eradication programme has saved millions from deadly disease.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Between 1990 and 2010, WHO's help has contributed to a 40% decline in the number of deaths from tuberculosis, and since 2005, over 46 million people have been treated and an estimated 7 million lives saved through practices advocated by WHO. These include engaging national governments and their financing, early diagnosis, standardising treatment, monitoring of the spread and effect of tuberculosis, and stabilising the drug supply. It has also recognized the vulnerability of victims of HIV/AIDS to tuberculosis.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 2003, the WHO denounced the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>'s health department's opposition to the use of <a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">condoms</a>, saying: "These incorrect statements about condoms and HIV are dangerous when we are facing a global pandemic which has already killed more than 20 million people, and currently affects at least 42 million."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_and_AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church and AIDS">Catholic Church remains opposed to increasing the use of contraception to combat HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> At the time, the World Health Assembly president, Guyana's Health Minister <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Ramsammy" title="Leslie Ramsammy">Leslie Ramsammy</a>, condemned <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict's</a> opposition to contraception, saying he was trying to "create confusion" and "impede" proven strategies in the battle against the disease.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In 2007, the WHO organized work on pandemic <a href="/wiki/Influenza_vaccine" title="Influenza vaccine">influenza vaccine</a> development through <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> in collaboration with many experts and health officials.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">A pandemic</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_H1N1/09_virus" title="Pandemic H1N1/09 virus">H1N1 influenza virus</a> was declared by the then director-general <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chan" title="Margaret Chan">Margaret Chan</a> in April 2009.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Margret Chan declared in 2010 that the H1N1 has moved into the post-pandemic period.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> By the post-pandemic period, critics claimed the WHO had exaggerated the danger, spreading "fear and confusion" rather than "immediate information".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Industry experts countered that the 2009 pandemic had led to "unprecedented collaboration between global health authorities, scientists and manufacturers, resulting in the most comprehensive pandemic response ever undertaken, with a number of vaccines approved for use three months after the pandemic declaration. This response was only possible because of the extensive preparations undertaken during the last decade".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The 2012–2013 WHO budget identified five areas among which funding was distributed.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 5, 20 Two of those five areas related to <a href="/wiki/Communicable_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicable diseases">communicable diseases</a>: the first, to reduce the "health, social and economic burden" of communicable diseases in general; the second to combat <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in particular.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 5, 26 As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the World Health Organization has worked within the <a href="/wiki/UNAIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a> network and strives to involve sections of society other than health to help deal with the economic and social effects of <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In line with UNAIDS, WHO has set itself the interim task between 2009 and 2015 of reducing the number of those aged 15–24 years who are infected by 50%; reducing new HIV infections in children by 90%; and reducing HIV-related deaths by 25%.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The World Health Organization's definition of neglected tropical disease has been criticised to be restrictive (focusing only on communicable diseases) and described as a form of epistemic injustice, where conditions like snakebite are forced to be framed as a medical problem.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-communicable_diseases">Non-communicable diseases</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-communicable diseases" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> One of the thirteen WHO priority areas is aimed at the prevention and reduction of "disease, disability and premature deaths from chronic <a href="/wiki/Noncommunicable_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncommunicable disease">noncommunicable diseases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_disorder" title="Mental disorder">mental disorders</a>, violence and <a href="/wiki/Injury_prevention" title="Injury prevention">injuries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">visual impairment</a> which are collectively responsible for almost 71% of all deaths worldwide".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The Division of Noncommunicable Diseases for Promoting Health through the Reproductive Health has published the magazine, Entre Nous, across Europe since 1983.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> WHO is mandated under two of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_drug_control_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations drug control conventions">international drug control conventions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a>, 1971) to carry out scientific assessments of substances for international <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">drug control</a>. Through the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Drug_Dependence_(ECDD)" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)">WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (ECDD)</a>, it can recommend changes to scheduling of substances to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The ECDD is in charge of evaluating "the impact of psychoactive substances on public health" and "their dependence producing properties and potential harm to health, as well as considering their potential medical benefits and therapeutic applications."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmental_health">Environmental health</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Environmental health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO estimates that 12.6 million people died as a result of living or working in an unhealthy environment in 2012 – this accounts for nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water, and <a href="/wiki/Soil_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil pollution">soil pollution</a>, chemical exposures, climate change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. This can result in a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_pollution-related_diseases" title="List of pollution-related diseases">pollution-related diseases</a>. <ul><li>2018 (30 October – 1 November) : 1 WHO's first global conference on air pollution and health (Improving air quality, combatting climate change – saving lives) ; organized in collaboration with UN Environment, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Life_course_and_lifestyle">Life course and lifestyle</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Life course and lifestyle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> WHO works to "reduce <a href="/wiki/Morbidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Morbidity">morbidity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">mortality</a> and improve health during key stages of life, including pregnancy, childbirth, the <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">neonatal period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Childhood">childhood</a> and adolescence, and improve <a href="/wiki/Sexual_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual health">sexual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a> and promote active and healthy aging for all individuals", for instance with the <a href="/wiki/Special_Programme_on_Human_Reproduction" title="Special Programme on Human Reproduction">Special Programme on Human Reproduction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 39–45 <a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> It also tries to prevent or reduce risk factors for "health conditions associated with use of tobacco, alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity and <a href="/wiki/Unsafe_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsafe sex">unsafe sex</a>".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 50–55 <a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The WHO works to improve nutrition, <a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">food safety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> and to ensure this has a positive effect on <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 66–71 In April 2019, the WHO released new recommendations stating that children between the ages of two and five should spend no more than one hour per day engaging in sedentary behaviour in front of a screen and that children under two should not be permitted any sedentary screen time.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surgery_and_trauma_care">Surgery and trauma care</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Surgery and trauma care" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The World Health Organization promotes road safety as a means to reduce traffic-related injuries.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> It has also worked on global initiatives in surgery, including emergency and essential surgical care,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> trauma care,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and safe surgery.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/WHO_Surgical_Safety_Checklist" title="WHO Surgical Safety Checklist">WHO Surgical Safety Checklist</a> is in current use worldwide in the effort to improve patient safety.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergency_work">Emergency work</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Emergency work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The World Health Organization's primary objective in natural and man-made emergencies is to coordinate with member states and other stakeholders to "reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability."<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 46–49 On 5 May 2014, WHO announced that the spread of <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">polio</a> was a world health emergency – outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East were considered "extraordinary".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> On 8 August 2014, WHO declared that the spread of <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> was a public health emergency; an outbreak which was believed to have started in Guinea had spread to other nearby countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone. The situation in West Africa was considered very serious.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Reform_efforts_following_the_Ebola_outbreak">Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reform efforts following the Ebola outbreak" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ebola_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ebola outbreak">2014 Ebola outbreak</a> in West Africa, the organization was heavily criticized for its bureaucracy, insufficient financing, regional structure, and staffing profile.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> An internal WHO report on the Ebola response pointed to underfunding and the lack of "core capacity" in health systems in developing countries as the primary weaknesses of the existing system. At the annual World Health Assembly in 2015, Director-General Margaret Chan announced a $100 million Contingency Fund for rapid response to future emergencies,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> of which it had received $26.9 million by April 2016 (for 2017 disbursement). WHO has budgeted an additional $494 million for its <a href="/wiki/Health_Emergencies_Programme_(WHO)" title="Health Emergencies Programme (WHO)">Health Emergencies Programme</a> in 2016–17, for which it had received $140 million by April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The program was aimed at rebuilding WHO capacity for direct action, which critics said had been lost due to budget cuts in the previous decade that had left the organization in an advisory role dependent on member states for on-the-ground activities. In comparison, billions of dollars have been spent by developed countries on the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic and 2015–16 Zika epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Response to the COVID-19 pandemic</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Response to the COVID-19 pandemic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6162" data-file-height="4108"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organization_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Staffs of World Health Organization Bangladesh are in COVID vaccine program in Dhaka.</figcaption></figure> The WHO created an Incident Management Support Team on 1 January 2020, one day after Chinese health authorities notified the organization of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology.<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-whopneumonia-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-superpower-struggle-98">[98]</a> On 5 January the WHO notified all member states of the outbreak,<a href="#cite_note-Amanda-Watts-and-Veronica-Stracqualursi-99">[99]</a> and in subsequent days provided guidance to all countries on how to respond,<a href="#cite_note-Amanda-Watts-and-Veronica-Stracqualursi-99">[99]</a> and confirmed the first infection outside China.<a href="#cite_note-SCMP-WHO-100">[100]</a> On 14 January 2020, the WHO announced that preliminary investigations conducted by Chinese authorities had found no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) identified in Wuhan.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> The same day, the organization warned of limited human-to-human transmission, and confirmed human-to-human transmission one week later.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuterswarns-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-KesslerApr17-104">[104]</a> On 30 January the WHO declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC),<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> considered a "call to action" and "last resort" measure for the international community and a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March.<a href="#cite_note-Rull2015-108">[108]</a> While organizing the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic and overseeing "more than 35 emergency operations" for cholera, measles and other epidemics internationally,<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a> the WHO has been criticized for praising China's public health response to the crisis while seeking to maintain a "diplomatic balancing act" between the United States and China.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-superpower-struggle-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_L._Heymann" title="David L. Heymann">David L. Heymann</a>, professor of infectious disease epidemiology at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine" title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a>, said that "China has been very transparent and open in sharing its data... and they opened up all of their files with the WHO present."<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The WHO faced criticism from the United States' <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> while "guid[ing] the world in how to tackle the deadly" <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Withholding-funding-from-the-World-Health-Organization-is-wrong-and-dangerous-2020-96">[96]</a> On 14 April 2020, United States president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> said that he would halt United States funding to the WHO while reviewing its role in "severely mismanaging and covering up the spread of the coronavirus."<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> World leaders and health experts largely condemned President Trump's announcement, which came amid criticism of his response to the outbreak in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> WHO called the announcement "regrettable" and defended its actions in alerting the world to the emergence of COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On 8 May 2020, the United States blocked a vote on a U.N. Security Council resolution aimed at promoting nonviolent international cooperation during the pandemic, and mentioning the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On 7 July 2020, President Trump formally notified the UN of his intent to withdraw the United States from the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> However, Trump's successor, President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, cancelled the planned withdrawal and announced in January 2021 that the U.S. would resume funding the organization.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> In May 2023, the WHO announced that COVID-19 was no longer a world-wide health emergency.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Health_policy">Health policy</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Health policy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> WHO addresses government <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> with two aims: firstly, "to address the underlying social and economic determinants of health through policies and programmes that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches" and secondly "to promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention and influence public policies in all sectors so as to address the root causes of environmental threats to health".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 61–65 The organization develops and promotes the use of evidence-based tools, norms and standards to support member states to inform <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> options. It oversees the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Regulations" title="International Health Regulations">International Health Regulations</a>, and publishes a series of <a href="/wiki/Medical_classification" title="Medical classification">medical classifications</a>; of these, three are over-reaching "reference classifications": the <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases">International Statistical Classification of Diseases</a> (ICD), the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Functioning,_Disability_and_Health" title="International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health">International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health</a> (ICF) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Classification_of_Health_Interventions" title="International Classification of Health Interventions">International Classification of Health Interventions</a> (ICHI).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Other international policy frameworks produced by WHO include the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Marketing_of_Breast-milk_Substitutes" title="International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes">International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes</a> (adopted in 1981),<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> (adopted in 2003)<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources#Global_Code_of_Practice_on_the_International_Recruitment_of_Health_Personnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel</a> (adopted in 2010)<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines</a> and its <a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children">pediatric counterpart</a>. An international convention on pandemic prevention and preparedness is being actively considered.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> In terms of health services, WHO looks to improve "governance, financing, staffing and management" and the availability and quality of evidence and research to guide policy. It also strives to "ensure improved access, quality and use of medical products and technologies".<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 72–83 WHO – working with donor agencies and national governments – can improve their reporting about use of research evidence.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Digital_Health">Digital Health</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Digital Health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On Digital Health topics, WHO has existing Inter-Agency collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> (the UN Specialized Agency for <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">ICT</a>), including the Be Health, Be Mobile initiate and the ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization,_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organization%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>World Health Organization, Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_packages">Policy packages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Policy packages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO has developed several technical policy packages to support countries to improve health:<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> <ul><li>ACTIVE (physical activity)</li> <li>HEARTS (cardiovascular diseases)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPOWER_tobacco_control" title="MPOWER tobacco control">MPOWER</a> (tobacco control)</li> <li>REPLACE (trans fat)</li> <li>SAFER (alcohol)</li> <li>SHAKE (salt reduction)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance_and_support">Governance and support</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Governance and support" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The remaining two of WHO's thirteen identified policy areas relate to the role of WHO itself:<a href="#cite_note-WHO-69">[69]</a>: 84–91 <ul><li>"to provide leadership, strengthen governance and foster partnership and collaboration with countries, the United Nations system, and other stakeholders in order to fulfil the mandate of WHO in advancing the global health agenda"; and</li> <li>"to develop and sustain WHO as a flexible, learning organization, enabling it to carry out its mandate more efficiently and effectively".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Partnerships">Partnerships</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO along with the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> constitute the core team responsible for administering the <a href="/wiki/International_Health_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="International Health Partnership">International Health Partnership</a> (IHP+). The IHP+ is a group of partner governments, development agencies, civil society, and others committed to improving the health of citizens in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>. Partners work together to put international principles for <a href="/wiki/Aid_effectiveness" title="Aid effectiveness">aid effectiveness</a> and development co-operation into practice in the health sector.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The organization relies on contributions from renowned scientists and professionals to inform its work, such as the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Biological_Standardization" title="WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization">WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Expert_Committee_on_Leprosy" title="WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy">WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Interprofessional_education#WHO_Study_Group_on_Interprofessional_Education_&_Collaborative_Practice" title="Interprofessional education">WHO Study Group on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> WHO runs the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Health_Policy_and_Systems_Research" title="Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research">Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research</a>, targeted at improving <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> WHO also aims to improve access to health research and literature in developing countries such as through the <a href="/wiki/HINARI" title="HINARI">HINARI</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> WHO collaborates with <a href="/wiki/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS,_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria" title="The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a>, UNITAID, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> to spearhead and fund the development of HIV programs. WHO created the Civil Society Reference Group on HIV,<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> which brings together other networks that are involved in policymaking and the dissemination of guidelines. WHO, a sector of the United Nations, partners with UNAIDS<a href="#cite_note-appswhoint-135">[135]</a> to contribute to the development of HIV responses in different areas of the world. WHO facilitates technical partnerships through the Technical Advisory Committee on HIV,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> which they created to develop WHO guidelines and policies. In 2014, WHO released the Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of Life in a joint publication with the <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Hospice_Palliative_Care_Alliance" title="Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance">Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance</a>, an affiliated NGO working collaboratively with the WHO to promote <a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">palliative care</a> in national and international <a href="/wiki/Health_policy" title="Health policy">health policy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_health_education_and_action">Public health education and action</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Public health education and action" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The practice of empowering individuals to exert more control over and make improvements to their health is known as health education, as described by the WHO. It shifts away from an emphasis on personal behaviour and toward a variety of societal and environmental solutions.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Each year, the organization marks <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Day" title="World Health Day">World Health Day</a> and other observances focusing on a specific <a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">health promotion</a> topic. World Health Day falls on 7 April each year, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's founding. Recent themes have been <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vector-borne diseases</a> (2014), healthy ageing (2012) and <a href="/wiki/Drug_resistance" title="Drug resistance">drug resistance</a> (2011).<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The other official global public health campaigns marked by WHO are <a href="/wiki/World_Tuberculosis_Day" title="World Tuberculosis Day">World Tuberculosis Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Immunization_Week" title="World Immunization Week">World Immunization Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Malaria_Day" title="World Malaria Day">World Malaria Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_No_Tobacco_Day" title="World No Tobacco Day">World No Tobacco Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Blood_Donor_Day" title="World Blood Donor Day">World Blood Donor Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Hepatitis_Day" title="World Hepatitis Day">World Hepatitis Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_AIDS_Day" title="World AIDS Day">World AIDS Day</a>. As part of the United Nations, the World Health Organization supports work towards the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Of the eight Millennium Development Goals, three – reducing child mortality by two-thirds, to reduce maternal deaths by three-quarters, and to halt and begin to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS – relate directly to the WHO's scope; the other five inter-relate and affect world health.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_handling_and_publications">Data handling and publications</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Data handling and publications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The World Health Organization works to provide the needed health and well-being evidence through a variety of data collection platforms, including the World Health Survey covering almost 400,000 respondents from 70 countries,<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Study_on_Global_Ageing_and_Adult_Health" title="Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health">Study on Global Aging and Adult Health</a> (SAGE) covering over 50,000 persons over 50 years old in 23 countries.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The Country Health Intelligence Portal (CHIP), has also been developed to provide an access point to information about the health services that are available in different countries.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The information gathered in this portal is used by the countries to set priorities for future strategies or plans, implement, monitor, and evaluate it. The WHO has published various tools for measuring and monitoring the capacity of national <a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">health systems</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Health_Human_Resources" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Human Resources">health workforces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The Global Health Observatory (GHO) has been the WHO's main portal which provides access to data and analyses for key health themes by monitoring health situations around the globe.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The WHO Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO-AIMS), the WHO Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL), and the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) provide guidance for data collection.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Collaborative efforts between WHO and other agencies, such as through the <a href="/wiki/Health_Metrics_Network" title="Health Metrics Network">Health Metrics Network</a>, also aim to provide sufficient high-quality information to assist governmental decision making.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> WHO promotes the development of capacities in member states to use and produce research that addresses their national needs, including through the <a href="/wiki/Evidence-Informed_Policy_Network" title="Evidence-Informed Policy Network">Evidence-Informed Policy Network</a> (EVIPNet).<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a> (PAHO/AMRO) became the first region to develop and pass a policy on research for health approved in September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 10 December 2013, a new WHO database, known as MiNDbank, went online. The database was launched on <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a>, and is part of WHO's QualityRights initiative, which aims to end human rights violations against people with mental health conditions. The new database presents a great deal of information about mental health, substance abuse, disability, human rights, and the different policies, strategies, laws, and service standards being implemented in different countries.<a href="#cite_note-MiNDbank-153">[153]</a> It also contains important international documents and information. The database allows visitors to access the health information of WHO member states and other partners. Users can review policies, laws, and strategies and search for the best practices and success stories in the field of mental health.<a href="#cite_note-MiNDbank-153">[153]</a> The WHO regularly publishes a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Report" title="World Health Report">World Health Report</a>, its leading publication, including an expert assessment of a specific <a href="/wiki/Global_health" title="Global health">global health</a> topic.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Other publications of WHO include the <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Bulletin of the World Health Organization">Bulletin of the World Health Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Health_Journal" title="Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal">Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal</a> (overseen by EMRO),<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Human_Resources_for_Health" title="Human Resources for Health">Human Resources for Health</a> (published in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/BioMed_Central" title="BioMed Central">BioMed Central</a>),<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="Pan American Journal of Public Health">Pan American Journal of Public Health</a> (overseen by PAHO/AMRO).<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> In 2016, the World Health Organization drafted a global health sector strategy on HIV. In the draft, the World Health Organization outlines its commitment to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 with interim targets for the year 2020. To make achievements towards these targets, the draft lists actions that countries and the WHO can take, such as a commitment to universal health coverage, medical accessibility, prevention and eradication of disease, and efforts to educate the public. Some notable points made in the draft include tailoring resources to mobilized regions where the health system may be compromised due to natural disasters, etc. Among the points made, it seems clear that although the prevalence of HIV transmission is declining, there is still a need for resources, health education, and global efforts to end this epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The WHO has a Framework Convention on Tobacco implementation database which is one of the few mechanisms to help enforce compliance with the FCTC.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> However, there have been reports of numerous discrepancies between it and national implementation reports on which it was built. As researchers Hoffman and Rizvi report "As of July 4, 2012, 361 (32·7%) of 1104 countries' responses were misreported: 33 (3·0%) were clear errors (e.g., database indicated 'yes' when report indicated 'no'), 270 (24·5%) were missing despite countries having submitted responses, and 58 (5·3%) were, in our opinion, misinterpreted by WHO staff".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> WHO has been moving toward acceptance and integration of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a> (TCM). In 2022, the new <a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a>, ICD-11, will attempt to enable classifications from traditional medicine to be integrated with classifications from <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a>. Though Chinese authorities have pushed for the change, this and other support of the WHO for traditional medicine has been criticized by the medical and scientific community, due to lack of evidence and the risk of endangering wildlife hunted for traditional remedies.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hunt-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> A WHO spokesman said that the inclusion was "not an endorsement of the scientific validity of any Traditional Medicine practice or the efficacy of any Traditional Medicine intervention."<a href="#cite_note-Hunt-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International Agency for Research on Cancer" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a></div> The WHO sub-department, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), conducts and coordinates research into the causes of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> It also <a href="/wiki/Cancer_registry" title="Cancer registry">collects</a> and publishes <a href="/wiki/Disease_surveillance" title="Disease surveillance">surveillance</a> data regarding the occurrence of cancer worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monographs</a> Programme identifies carcinogenic <a href="/wiki/Hazard" title="Hazard">hazards</a> and evaluates environmental <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">causes of cancer</a> in humans.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Structure_and_governance">Structure and governance</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Structure and governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The World Health Organization is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Group">United Nations Development Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/220px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 102px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/220px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png" data-width="220" data-height="102" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/330px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png/440px-World_Health_Organization_membership_status_map.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Countries by World Health Organization membership status</figcaption></figure> As of January 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the WHO has 194 member states: all member states of the United Nations except for <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (192 countries), plus the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-countries-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> A state becomes a full member of WHO by ratifying the treaty known as the Constitution of the World Health Organization. As of January 2021, it also had two associate members, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> The WHO two-year budget for 2022–2023 is paid by its 194 members and 2 associate members.<a href="#cite_note-Members+AM-171">[171]</a> Several other countries have been granted <a href="/wiki/Observer_status" title="Observer status">observer status</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> is an observer as a "national liberation movement" recognized by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Arab States">League of Arab States</a> under United Nations Resolution 3118. The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> (or Order of Malta) also attends on an observer basis. The <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> attends as an observer, and its participation as "non-Member State Observer" was formalized by an Assembly resolution in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burci-2004-174">[174]</a> The government of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> was allowed to participate under the designation "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>" as an observer from 2009 to 2016, but has not been invited again since.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> WHO member states appoint delegations to the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>, the WHO's supreme decision-making body. All UN member states are eligible for WHO membership, and, according to the WHO website, "other countries may be admitted as members when their application has been approved by a simple majority vote of the World Health Assembly".<a href="#cite_note-countries-170">[170]</a> The World Health Assembly is attended by delegations from all member states, and determines the policies of the organization. The executive board is composed of members technically qualified in health and gives effect to the decisions and policies of the World Health Assembly. In addition, the UN observer organizations <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a> have entered into "official relations" with WHO and are invited as observers. In the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>, they are seated alongside the other NGOs.<a href="#cite_note-Burci-2004-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Membership_and_participation_of_the_Republic_of_China">Membership and participation of the Republic of China</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Membership and participation of the Republic of China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">China and the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Political status of Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (ROC), which controlled <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a> from 1912 to 1949 and currently governs <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <a href="/wiki/Retrocession_of_Taiwan" title="Retrocession of Taiwan">since 1945</a> following World War II, was the founding member of WHO since its inception had represented "China" in the organization, but the representation was changed to the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC), <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">established</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">in 1949</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), in 1971 that <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758">expelled</a> the ROC from both WHO and the UN organs. Since that time, per the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a>, both the ROC and PRC <a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">lay claims</a> of sovereignty to each other's territory.<a href="#cite_note-UN_ARES2758XXVI_page1-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In May 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health (Republic of China)">Department of Health of the Republic of China</a> was invited by the WHO to attend the 62nd <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> as an observer under the name "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei" title="Chinese Taipei">Chinese Taipei</a>". This was the ROC's first participation at WHO meetings since 1971, as a result of the improved <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">cross-strait relations</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> became the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="President of the Republic of China">president of the Republic of China</a> a year before.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Its participation with WHO ended due to diplomatic pressure from the PRC following the <a href="/wiki/2016_Taiwanese_presidential_election" title="2016 Taiwanese presidential election">election in 2016</a> that brought the independence-minded <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> back into power.<a href="#cite_note-Kyodo_News_2020-179">[179]</a> Political pressure from the PRC has led to the ROC being barred from membership of the WHO and other UN-affiliated organizations, and in 2017 to 2020 the WHO refused to allow Taiwanese delegates to attend the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">WHO annual assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> According to Taiwanese publication <a href="/wiki/The_News_Lens" title="The News Lens">The News Lens</a>, on multiple occasions Taiwanese journalists have been denied access to report on the assembly.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> In May 2018, the WHO denied access to its annual assembly by Taiwanese media, reportedly due to demands from the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Later in May 172 members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> wrote to the director-general of the World Health Organization to argue for Taiwan's inclusion as an observer at the WHA.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The United States, Japan, Germany, and Australia all support Taiwan's inclusion in WHO.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Pressure to allow the ROC to participate in WHO increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic with Taiwan's exclusion from emergency meetings concerning the outbreak bringing a rare united front from Taiwan's diverse political parties. Taiwan's main opposition party, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party), expressed their anger at being excluded arguing that disease respects neither politics nor geography. China once again dismissed concerns over Taiwanese inclusion with the foreign minister claiming that no-one cares more about the health and wellbeing of the Taiwanese people than central government of the PRC.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> During the outbreak Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> voiced his support for Taiwan's participation in WHO, as did Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Shinzo_Abe" title="Shinzo Abe">Shinzo Abe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kyodo_News_2020-179">[179]</a> In January 2020 the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, a WHO observer, backed Taiwan's participation in WHO meetings related to the coronavirus pandemic as well as their general participation.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In a 2020 interview, Assistant Director-General <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> appeared to dodge a question from <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a> reporter Yvonne Tong about Taiwan's response to the pandemic and inclusion in the WHO, blaming internet connection issues.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> When the video chat was restarted, he was asked another question about Taiwan. He responded by indicating that they had already discussed China and formally ended the interview.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> This incident led to accusations about the PRC's political influence over the international organization.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Taiwan's effective response to the 2019–20 <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> has bolstered its case for WHO membership. Taiwan's response to the outbreak has been praised by a number of experts.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In early May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(New_Zealand)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand)">New Zealand Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> expressed support for the ROC's bid to rejoin the WHO during a media conference.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The New Zealand Government subsequently supporting Taiwan's bid to join the WHO, putting NZ alongside Australia and the United States who have taken similar positions.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> On 9 May, Congressmen <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Engel" title="Eliot Engel">Eliot Engel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">Michael McCaul</a>, the House Committee's ranking <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> member, Senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Risch" title="Jim Risch">Jim Risch</a>, the Republican chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a>, and Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Menendez" title="Bob Menendez">Bob Menendez</a>, the Senate Committee's ranking Democratic member, submitted a joint letter to nearly 60 "like-minded" countries including Canada, Thailand, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, and Australia, urging them to support ROC's participation in the World Health Organization.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In November 2020, the word "Taiwan" was blocked in comments on a livestream on the WHO's <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Health_Assembly_and_Executive_Board">World Health Assembly and Executive Board</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: World Health Assembly and Executive Board" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_headquarters,_Geneva,_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="1772"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_north_and_west_sides_2007.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>WHO headquarters in Geneva</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (WHA) is the legislative and supreme body of the WHO. Based in Geneva, it typically meets yearly in May. It appoints the director-general every five years and votes on matters of policy and finance of WHO, including the proposed budget. It also reviews reports of the executive board and decides whether there are areas of work requiring further examination. The Assembly elects 34 members, technically qualified in the field of health, to the executive board for three-year terms. The main functions of the board are to carry out the decisions and policies of the Assembly, to advise it, and to facilitate its work.<a href="#cite_note-governance-201">[201]</a> As of June 2023, the chair of the executive board is Dr. Hanan Mohamed Al Kuwari of Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Director-General">Director-General</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Director-General" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Director-General_of_the_World_Health_Organization" title="Director-General of the World Health Organization">Director-General of the World Health Organization</a></div> The head of the organization is the director-general, elected by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> The term lasts for five years, and directors-general are typically appointed in May, when the Assembly meets. The current director-general is Dr. <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a>, who was appointed on 1 July 2017.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_institutions">Global institutions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Global institutions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Apart from regional, country, and liaison offices, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> has also established other institutions for promoting and carrying on research.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> (IARC)<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Personnel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO employs 7,000 people in 149 countries and regions to carry out its principles.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In support of the principle of a tobacco-free work environment, the WHO does not recruit cigarette smokers.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The organization has previously instigated the <a href="/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goodwill_Ambassadors">Goodwill Ambassadors</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Goodwill Ambassadors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The WHO operates "<a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Goodwill_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization Goodwill Ambassador">Goodwill Ambassadors</a>"; members of the arts, sports, or other fields of public life aimed at drawing attention to the WHO's initiatives and projects. There are currently five Goodwill Ambassadors (<a href="/wiki/Jet_Li" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peng_Liyuan" title="Peng Liyuan">Peng Liyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yohei_Sasakawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yohei Sasakawa">Yohei Sasakawa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra">Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra</a>) and a further ambassador associated with a partnership project (<a href="/wiki/Craig_David" title="Craig David">Craig David</a>).<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On 21 October 2017, the director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus</a> appointed the then Zimbabwean president <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> as a <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization_Goodwill_Ambassador" class="mw-redirect" title="World Health Organization Goodwill Ambassador">WHO Goodwill Ambassador</a> to help promote the fight against non-communicable diseases. The appointment address praised Mugabe for his commitment to public health in Zimbabwe. The appointment attracted widespread condemnation and criticism in WHO member states and international organizations due to Robert Mugabe's poor record on human rights and presiding over a decline in Zimbabwe's public health.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Due to the outcry, the following day the appointment was revoked.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_Society_of_the_World_Health_Organization">Medical Society of the World Health Organization</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Medical Society of the World Health Organization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Since the beginning,<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> the WHO has had the Medical Society of the World Health Organization. It has conducted lectures by noted researchers and published findings, recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">excessive citations</a>] The founder, Dr. <a href="/wiki/S._William_A._Gunn" title="S. William A. Gunn">S. William A. Gunn</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> has been its president.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Murray_Eden" title="Murray Eden">Murray Eden</a> was awarded the WHO Medical Society medal, for his work as consultant on research and development for WHO's director-general.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing_and_partnerships">Financing and partnerships</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Financing and partnerships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The WHO is financed by contributions from member states and outside donors. In 2020–21, the largest contributors were the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The WHO Executive Board formed a Working Group on Sustainable Financing in 2021, charged to rethink WHO's funding strategy and present recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Its recommendations were adopted by the 2022 World Health Assembly,<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> the key one being to raise compulsory member dues to a level equal to 50% of WHO's 2022–2023 base budget by the end of the 2020s.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <caption>Top 10 contributors (biennium 2020–2021; updated until Q4-2021) in millions of US$ </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Contributor</th> <th>Assessed contributions</th> <th>Voluntary contributions specified</th> <th>Core voluntary contributions</th> <th>Total (biennium)</th> <th>Share</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>58</td> <td>953</td> <td></td> <td>1,011</td> <td>14.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>232</td> <td>448</td> <td></td> <td>681</td> <td>9.7%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a></td> <td></td> <td>592</td> <td></td> <td>592</td> <td>8.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a></td> <td>44</td> <td>367</td> <td>120</td> <td>531</td> <td>7.6%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/GAVI" title="GAVI">GAVI Alliance</a></td> <td></td> <td>371</td> <td></td> <td>371</td> <td>5.3%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a></td> <td></td> <td>310</td> <td></td> <td>310</td> <td>4.4%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>82</td> <td>122</td> <td></td> <td>204</td> <td>2.9%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>115</td> <td>63</td> <td></td> <td>178</td> <td>2.5%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></td> <td></td> <td>158</td> <td></td> <td>158</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary International</a></td> <td></td> <td>152</td> <td></td> <td>152</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Others</td> <td>530</td> <td>2,306</td> <td>144</td> <td>2,980</td> <td>42.4%</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total</th> <th style="text-align:right;">957</th> <th style="text-align:right;">5,824</th> <th style="text-align:right;">264</th> <th style="text-align:right;">7,031</th> <th>100.0%</th> <th><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Assessed contributions are the dues the Member States pay depending on the states' wealth and population</li> <li>Voluntary contributions specified are funds for specific programme areas provided by the Member States or other partners</li> <li>Core voluntary contributions are funds for flexible uses provided by the Member States or other partners</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Past">Past</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Past" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the beginning of the 21st century, the WHO's work involved increasing collaboration with external bodies.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> As of 2002<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, a total of 473 nongovernmental organizations (NGO) had some form of partnership with WHO. There were 189 partnerships with international NGOs in formal "official relations" – the rest being considered informal in character.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Partners include the <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> As of 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the largest annual assessed contributions from member states came from the United States ($110 million), Japan ($58 million), Germany ($37 million), United Kingdom ($31 million) and France ($31 million).<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The combined 2012–2013 budget proposed a total expenditure of $3,959 million, of which $944 million (24%) will come from assessed contributions. This represented a significant fall in outlay compared to the previous 2009–2010 budget, adjusting to take account of previous underspends. Assessed contributions were kept the same. Voluntary contributions will account for $3,015 million (76%), of which $800 million is regarded as highly or moderately flexible funding, with the remainder tied to particular programmes or objectives.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">The Associated Press</a>, the WHO routinely spends about $200 million a year on travel expenses, more than it spends to tackle mental health problems, <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> combined. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chan" title="Margaret Chan">Margaret Chan</a>, director-general of WHO from January 2007 to June 2017,<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> stayed in a $1000-per-night hotel room while visiting West Africa.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> The biggest contributor used to be the United States, which gives over $400 million annually.<a href="#cite_note-The-New-York-Times-2020-249">[249]</a> U.S. contributions to the WHO are funded through the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department's</a> account for Contributions to International Organizations (CIO). In April 2020, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, with backing by members of his party,<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> announced that his administration would halt funding to the WHO.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Funds previously earmarked for the WHO were to be held for 60–90 days pending an investigation into the WHO's handling of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, particularly in respect to the organization's purported relationship with China.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> The announcement was immediately criticized by world leaders including <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a>, the secretary general of the United Nations; <a href="/wiki/Heiko_Maas" title="Heiko Maas">Heiko Maas</a>, the German foreign minister; and <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki Mahamat</a>, African Union chairman.<a href="#cite_note-The-New-York-Times-2020-249">[249]</a> During the first two years of the pandemic, American funding of the WHO declined by a quarter, although it is expected to increase during 2022 and 2023.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> On 16 May 2020, the Trump Administration agreed to pay up to what China pays in assessed contributions, which is less than about one-tenth of its previous funding. Biennium 2018–2019 China paid in assessed contributions US$75,796K, in specified voluntary contributions US$10,184K, for a total US$85,980K.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards">WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/WHO_Public_Health_Prizes_and_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards">WHO Public Health Prizes and Awards</a></div> World Health Organization Prizes and Awards are given to recognize major achievements in public health. The candidates are nominated and recommended by each prize and award selection panel. The WHO Executive Board selects the winners, which are presented during the World Health Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="World_headquarters_and_offices">World headquarters and offices</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: World headquarters and offices" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The seat of the organization is in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland. It was designed by Swiss architect <a href="/wiki/Jean_Tschumi" title="Jean Tschumi">Jean Tschumi</a> and inaugurated in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> In 2017, the organization launched an international competition to redesign and extend its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_of_the_WHO_headquarters_building">Gallery of the WHO headquarters building</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Gallery of the WHO headquarters building" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 73.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 71.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters,_Geneva,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stairwell, 1969"><noscript><img alt="Stairwell, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/107px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="425"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 72px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/107px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" data-alt="Stairwell, 1969" data-width="72" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/161px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/215px-Stairwell_in_World_Health_Organization_headquarters%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stairwell, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 83.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 81.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Internal courtyard, 1969"><noscript><img alt="Internal courtyard, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/122px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="375"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 82px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/122px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg" data-alt="Internal courtyard, 1969" data-width="82" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/183px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg/244px-Patio_of_World_Health_Organization_headquarters_building%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Internal courtyard, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization,_Geneva,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reflecting pool, 1969"><noscript><img alt="Reflecting pool, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/300px-Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="249"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg/300px-Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg" data-alt="Reflecting pool, 1969" data-width="200" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Reflecting_pool_and_women_walking_at_World_Health_Organization%2C_Geneva%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reflecting pool, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization,_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior, 1969"><noscript><img alt="Exterior, 1969" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/115px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="390"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 77px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/115px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg" data-alt="Exterior, 1969" data-width="77" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/172px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg/230px-Women_sunning_selves_at_Geneva_headquarters_of_World_Health_Organization%2C_1969.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior, 1969</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:WHO_HQ_main_building,_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="From southwest, 2013"><noscript><img alt="From southwest, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/240px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/240px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG" data-alt="From southwest, 2013" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/360px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG/480px-WHO_HQ_main_building%2C_Geneva_from_Southwest.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">From southwest, 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ,_Geneva.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance hall, 2013"><noscript><img alt="Entrance hall, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/240px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/240px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG" data-alt="Entrance hall, 2013" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/360px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG/480px-The_entrance_hall_WHO_HQ%2C_Geneva.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance hall, 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Main conference room, 2013"><noscript><img alt="Main conference room, 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/240px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/240px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG" data-alt="Main conference room, 2013" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/360px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG/480px-World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Main conference room, 2013</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country_and_liaison_offices">Country and liaison offices</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Country and liaison offices" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The World Health Organization operates 150 country offices in six different regions.<a href="#cite_note-peopleandoffices-259">[259]</a> It also operates several liaison offices, including those with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, United Nations and a single office covering the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. It also operates the <a href="/wiki/International_Agency_for_Research_on_Cancer" title="International Agency for Research on Cancer">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France, and the <a href="/wiki/WHO_Centre_for_Health_Development" title="WHO Centre for Health Development">WHO Centre for Health Development</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, Japan.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> Additional offices include those in <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>; the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>; the US-Mexico Border Field Office in <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>; the Office of the Caribbean Program Coordination in Barbados; and the Northern Micronesia office.<a href="#cite_note-detailedinformation-261">[261]</a> There will generally be one WHO country office in the capital, occasionally accompanied by satellite-offices in the provinces or sub-regions of the country in question. The country office is headed by a WHO Representative (WR). As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the only WHO Representative outside Europe to be a national of that country was for the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libyan Arab Jamahiriya</a> ("Libya"); all other staff was international. WHO Representatives in the Region termed the Americas are referred to as PAHO/WHO Representatives. In Europe, WHO Representatives also serve as head of the country office, and are nationals except for Serbia; there are also heads of the country office in Albania, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.<a href="#cite_note-detailedinformation-261">[261]</a> The WR is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN system</a> country team which is coordinated by the UN System <a href="/wiki/Resident_Coordinator" title="Resident Coordinator">Resident Coordinator</a>. The country office consists of the WR, and several health and other experts, both foreign and local, as well as the necessary support staff.<a href="#cite_note-peopleandoffices-259">[259]</a> The main functions of WHO country offices include being the primary adviser of that country's government in matters of health and pharmaceutical policies.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_offices">Regional offices</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Regional offices" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/220px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/330px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg/440px-World_Health_Organisation_regional_offices.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the WHO's regional offices and their respective operating regions: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> Africa; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, Republic of the Congo</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Western Pacific; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> South East Asia; HQ: <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Europe; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Americas; HQ: <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US</div> </figcaption></figure> The regional divisions of WHO were created between 1949 and 1952, following the model of the pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization#History" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hanrieder-2015-263">[263]</a> and are based on article 44 of the WHO's constitution, which allowed the WHO to "establish a [single] regional organization to meet the special needs of [each defined] area". Many decisions are made at the regional level, including important discussions over WHO's budget, and in deciding the members of the next assembly, which are designated by the regions.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Each region has a regional committee, which generally meets once a year, normally in the autumn. Representatives attend from each member or associative member in each region, including those states that are not full members. For example, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> attends meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Regional_office_of_World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization">Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office</a>. Each region also has a regional office.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Each regional office is headed by a director, who is elected by the Regional Committee. The board must approve such appointments, although as of 2004, it had never over-ruled the preference of a regional committee. The exact role of the board in the process has been a subject of debate, but the practical effect has always been small.<a href="#cite_note-burci53-264">[264]</a> Since 1999, regional directors serve for a once-renewable five-year term, and typically take their position on 1 February.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Each regional committee of the WHO consists of all the Health Department heads, in all the governments of the countries that constitute the Region. Aside from electing the regional director, the regional committee is also in charge of setting the guidelines for the implementation, within the region, of the health and other policies adopted by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a>. The regional committee also serves as a progress review board for the actions of WHO within the Region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The regional director is effectively the head of WHO for his or her region. The RD manages and/or supervises a staff of health and other experts at the regional offices and in specialized centres. The RD is also the direct supervising authority – concomitantly with the WHO Director-General – of all the heads of WHO country offices, known as WHO Representatives, within the region.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The strong position of the regional offices has been criticized in WHO history for undermining its effectiveness and led to unsuccessful attempts to integrate them more strongly within 'One WHO'.<a href="#cite_note-Hanrieder-2015-263">[263]</a> Disease specific programmes such as the smallpox eradication programme<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> or the 1980s Global Programme on AIDS <a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> were set up with more direct, vertical structures that bypassed the regional offices. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Regional offices of WHO </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="13%">Region </th> <th width="17%">Headquarters </th> <th>Notes </th> <th>Website </th></tr> <tr> <td>Africa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, Republic of the Congo </td> <td>AFRO includes most of Africa, with the exception of Egypt, Sudan, Djibouti, Tunisia, Libya, Somalia and Morocco (all fall under EMRO).<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Matshidiso_Moeti" title="Matshidiso Moeti">Matshidiso Moeti</a>, a Botswana national. (Tenure: 2015–present).<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro.who.int">AFRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europe </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark </td> <td>EURO includes all of Europe (except Liechtenstein), Israel, and all of the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Hans_Kluge" title="Hans Kluge">Hans Kluge</a>, a Belgian national (Tenure: 2020–present).<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euro.who.int/en">EURO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070729061315/http://www.euro.who.int/vaccine/20030724_13">Archived</a> 29 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>South-East Asia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic People's Republic of Korea">North Korea</a> is served by SEARO.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Saima_Wazed" title="Saima Wazed">Saima Wazed</a>, a Bangladeshi national (Tenure: 2024–present).<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searo.who.int">SEARO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Mediterranean </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_Regional_office_of_World_Health_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Mediterranean Regional office of World Health Organization">Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office</a> serves the countries of Africa that are not included in AFRO, as well as all countries in the Middle East except for Israel. Pakistan is served by EMRO.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> The regional director is <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Al-Mandhari" title="Ahmed Al-Mandhari">Ahmed Al-Mandhari</a>, an Omani national (Tenure: 2018 – present).<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emro.who.int">EMRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Western Pacific </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, the Philippines </td> <td>WPRO covers all the Asian countries not served by SEARO, EMRO, or EURO, and all the countries in Oceania. South Korea is served by WPRO.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> The acting regional director is <a href="/wiki/Zsuzsanna_Jakab" title="Zsuzsanna Jakab">Zsuzsanna Jakab</a>, a Hungarian national and the current WHO Deputy Director-General (Tenure: 2023 – present).<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpro.who.int">WPRO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Americas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States </td> <td>Also known as the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Health_Organization" title="Pan American Health Organization">Pan American Health Organization</a> (PAHO), and covers the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The WHO regional director is <a href="/wiki/Carissa_F._Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Carissa F. Etienne">Carissa F. Etienne</a>, a Dominican national (Tenure: 2013 – present).<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paho.org">AMRO</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Private_funding">Private funding</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Private funding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> In 2024 the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> was the organization's major private contributor, funding 10% of its budget.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Healthy_Cities" title="Alliance for Healthy Cities">Alliance for Healthy Cities</a>, an international alliance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_mental_health" title="Global mental health">Global mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">Health promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Sciences_Online" title="Health Sciences Online">Health Sciences Online</a>, virtual learning resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_city" title="Healthy city">Healthy city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_5s_Project" title="High 5s Project">High 5s Project</a>, a patient safety collaboration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_polluted_cities_in_the_world_by_particulate_matter_concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most polluted cities in the world by particulate matter concentration">List of most polluted cities in the world by particulate matter concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Learning_for_Development" title="Open Learning for Development">Open Learning for Development</a>, virtual learning resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Programme_of_Research,_Development_and_Research_Training_in_Human_Reproduction-_HRP" title="Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction- HRP">Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction- HRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Partnership_for_Maternal,_Newborn_and_Child_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health">The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_global_health" title="Timeline of global health">Timeline of global health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interagency_Task_Force_on_the_Prevention_and_Control_of_NCDs" title="United Nations Interagency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of NCDs">United Nations Interagency Task Force on the Prevention and Control of NCDs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellbeing_economy" title="Wellbeing economy">Wellbeing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Framework_Convention_on_Tobacco_Control" title="WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control">WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Guidelines_for_drinking-water_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality">WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHO_Pesticide_Evaluation_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme">WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Hearing_Day" title="World Hearing Day">World Hearing Day</a></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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Retrieved 8 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.taipeitimes.com&rft.atitle=Ma+accused+of+%27lying%27+about+relations+%E2%80%93+Taipei+Times&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffront%2Farchives%2F2013%2F10%2F18%2F2003574772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/18/Taiwan-attends-WHA-as-observer/UPI-68411242697115/">"Taiwan attends WHA as observer"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Taiwan+attends+WHA+as+observer&rft.date=2009-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2F2009%2F05%2F18%2FTaiwan-attends-WHA-as-observer%2FUPI-68411242697115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kyodo_News_2020-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kyodo_News_2020_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kyodo_News_2020_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/01/cff2af87f289-abe-calls-for-taiwans-participation-in-who-as-coronavirus-spreads.html">"Japan PM Abe calls for Taiwan's participation in WHO as coronavirus spreads"</a>. english.kyodonews.net. 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Retrieved 30 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.kyodonews.net&rft.atitle=Japan+PM+Abe+calls+for+Taiwan%27s+participation+in+WHO+as+coronavirus+spreads&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.kyodonews.net%2Fnews%2F2020%2F01%2Fcff2af87f289-abe-calls-for-taiwans-participation-in-who-as-coronavirus-spreads.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170521203309/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/china-warns-taiwan-of-continued-lockout-from-who-assembly/2017/05/21/0a486d66-3e58-11e7-b29f-f40ffced2ddb_story.html">"China warns Taiwan of continued lockout from WHO assembly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. 21 May 2017. 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The Diplomat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130175019/https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/taiwan-picks-up-international-support-after-being-barred-from-world-health-assembly/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Picks+Up+International+Support+After+Being+Barred+from+World+Health+Assembly&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.aulast=Aspinwall&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2019%2F05%2Ftaiwan-picks-up-international-support-after-being-barred-from-world-health-assembly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlanchard2020" class="citation news cs1">Blanchard, Ben (24 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-taiwan/parties-unite-over-taiwans-exclusion-from-who-anti-virus-planning-idUSKBN1ZN0QG">"Parties unite over Taiwan's exclusion from WHO anti-virus planning"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200129133126/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-taiwan/parties-unite-over-taiwans-exclusion-from-who-anti-virus-planning-idUSKBN1ZN0QG">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Parties+unite+over+Taiwan%27s+exclusion+from+WHO+anti-virus+planning&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft.aulast=Blanchard&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-health-taiwan%2Fparties-unite-over-taiwans-exclusion-from-who-anti-virus-planning-idUSKBN1ZN0QG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverington2020" class="citation web cs1">Everington, Keoni (30 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3867144">"Canada's Trudeau supports Taiwan involvement in WHO"</a>. Taiwan News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200130134607/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3867144">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Trudeau+supports+Taiwan+involvement+in+WHO&rft.date=2020-01-30&rft.aulast=Everington&rft.aufirst=Keoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3867144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverington2020" class="citation web cs1">Everington, Keoni (31 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3867764">"EU backs Taiwan's inclusion in WHO"</a>. Taiwan News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131124019/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3867764">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+News&rft.atitle=EU+backs+Taiwan%27s+inclusion+in+WHO&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Everington&rft.aufirst=Keoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwannews.com.tw%2Fen%2Fnews%2F3867764&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths2020" class="citation web cs1">Griffiths, James (5 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/04/asia/taiwan-coronavirus-response-who-intl-hnk/index.html">"Taiwan's coronavirus response is among the best globally"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200405222935/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/04/04/asia/taiwan-coronavirus-response-who-intl-hnk/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan%27s+coronavirus+response+is+among+the+best+globally&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F04%2F04%2Fasia%2Ftaiwan-coronavirus-response-who-intl-hnk%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrundy" class="citation web cs1">Grundy, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/03/29/video-top-doctor-bruce-aylward-pretends-not-hear-journalists-taiwan-questions-ends-video-call/">"Video: Top WHO doctor Bruce Aylward pretends not to hear journalist's Taiwan questions, ends video call"</a>. www.hongkongfp.com. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200328170545/https://www.hongkongfp.com/2020/03/29/video-top-doctor-bruce-aylward-pretends-not-hear-journalists-taiwan-questions-ends-video-call/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hongkongfp.com&rft.atitle=Video%3A+Top+WHO+doctor+Bruce+Aylward+pretends+not+to+hear+journalist%27s+Taiwan+questions%2C+ends+video+call&rft.aulast=Grundy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongfp.com%2F2020%2F03%2F29%2Fvideo-top-doctor-bruce-aylward-pretends-not-hear-journalists-taiwan-questions-ends-video-call%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYvonne_Tong2020" class="citation web cs1">Yvonne Tong (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328175232/https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=RLvg0KnTKhU&t=1193&app=desktop">"The Pulse: Coronavirus situations in New York city, London and Lombardy, Italy & interview with WHO Bruce Aylward"</a>. YouTube. <a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a> VNEWS. 16:35 to 20:59. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLvg0KnTKhU?t=994">the original</a> on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+Pulse%3A+Coronavirus+situations+in+New+York+city%2C+London+and+Lombardy%2C+Italy+%26+interview+with+WHO+Bruce+Aylward&rft.pages=16%3A35+to+20%3A59&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft.au=Yvonne+Tong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DRLvg0KnTKhU%3Ft%3D994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> <a href="//archive.org/details/thepulsecoronavirussituationsinnewyorkcitylondonandlombardyitalyinterviewwithwhob" class="extiw" title="iarchive:thepulsecoronavirussituationsinnewyorkcitylondonandlombardyitalyinterviewwithwhob">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWulfsohn2020" class="citation web cs1">Wulfsohn, Joseph (28 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/who-china-taiwan-interview">"WHO accused of 'carrying China's water' after official refuses to acknowledge Taiwan during bizarre interview"</a>. Fox News. <a href="/wiki/Gordon_G._Chang" title="Gordon G. Chang">Gordon G. Chang</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200405065616/https://www.foxnews.com/media/who-china-taiwan-interview">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2020. <q>Aylward's behavior reminds us that either we remove #China's pernicious influence in multilateral institutions like the #WorldHealthOrganization or the world's free states defund them and start over.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=WHO+accused+of+%27carrying+China%27s+water%27+after+official+refuses+to+acknowledge+Taiwan+during+bizarre+interview&rft.date=2020-03-28&rft.aulast=Wulfsohn&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fmedia%2Fwho-china-taiwan-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSui2020" class="citation web cs1">Sui, Cindy (9 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taiwan-s-coronavirus-success-bolsters-case-joining-who-experts-say-n1179196">"Taiwan's coronavirus success bolsters case for joining WHO, experts say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 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Retrieved 27 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Health+Assembly+elects+Dr+Tedros+Adhanom+Ghebreyesus+as+new+WHO+Director-General&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2017%2Fdirector-general-elect%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> See, generally, Article 18 of the Constitution of the World Health Organization. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Assembly1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> (1965). "WHA18.44 Establishment of an International Agency for Research on Cancer". 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Retrieved 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+Enabled+Knowledge+Translation+for+eHealth%3A+Principles+and+Practice&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.isbn=978-1-4614-3495-5&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.aufirst=Kendall&rft.au=Jarvis-Selinger%2C+Sandra&rft.au=Lauscher%2C+Helen+Novak&rft.au=Cordeiro%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Scott%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2NAnplcnjNYC%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%253A978-1-4614-3495-5%252F1.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417170450/https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%253A978-1-4614-3495-5%252F1.pdf">Copy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 17 April 2021). </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210115152905/https://www.eecs.mit.edu/news-events/media/remembering-murray-eden-1920-2020">"Remembering Murray Eden, 1920–2020 | MIT EECS"</a>. www.eecs.mit.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eecs.mit.edu/news-events/media/remembering-murray-eden-1920-2020">the original</a> on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eecs.mit.edu&rft.atitle=Remembering+Murray+Eden%2C+1920%E2%80%932020+%7C+MIT+EECS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eecs.mit.edu%2Fnews-events%2Fmedia%2Fremembering-murray-eden-1920-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/funding/contributors/usa">"United States of America"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+of+America&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Ffunding%2Fcontributors%2Fusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGostinKlockClarkDiop2022" class="citation journal cs1">Gostin, Lawrence O.; Klock, Kevin A.; Clark, Helen; Diop, Fatimatou Zahra; Jayasuriya, Dayanath; Mahmood, Jemilah; Waris, Attiya (23 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942479">"Financing the future of WHO"</a>. The Lancet. 399 (10334): 1445–1447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900533-5">10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00533-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8942479">8942479</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35338858">35338858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Financing+the+future+of+WHO&rft.volume=399&rft.issue=10334&rft.pages=1445-1447&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8942479%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35338858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900533-5&rft.aulast=Gostin&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+O.&rft.au=Klock%2C+Kevin+A.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Helen&rft.au=Diop%2C+Fatimatou+Zahra&rft.au=Jayasuriya%2C+Dayanath&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+Jemilah&rft.au=Waris%2C+Attiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8942479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/24-05-2022-world-health-assembly-agrees-historic-decision-to-sustainably-finance-who">"World Health Assembly agrees historic decision to sustainably finance WHO"</a>. World Health Organization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220714184006/https://www.who.int/news/item/24-05-2022-world-health-assembly-agrees-historic-decision-to-sustainably-finance-who">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=World+Health+Assembly+agrees+historic+decision+to+sustainably+finance+WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F24-05-2022-world-health-assembly-agrees-historic-decision-to-sustainably-finance-who&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlockGostinFitchWetter2023" class="citation web cs1">Klock, Kevin A.; Gostin, Lawrence O.; Fitch, Alexandra; Wetter, Sarah; Perlman, Vanessa S. (21 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.devex.com/news/opinion-5-ways-to-buttress-who-s-financing-ambition-105731">"5 Ways to Buttress WHO's Financing Ambition"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=Western+Pacific+Regional+Director&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fwesternpacific%2Fabout%2Fgovernance%2Fregional-director&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304104500/http://www.who.int/about/regions/amro/en/index.html">"Regional Office for the Americas"</a>. WHO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/about/regions/amro/en/index.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+Office+for+the+Americas&rft.pub=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fabout%2Fregions%2Famro%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180611081644/http://www.who.int/dg/regional_directors/etienne/en/">"AMRO Regional Director Biography | WHO"</a>. World Health Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/dg/regional_directors/etienne/en/">the original</a> on 11 June 2018. Retrieved 11 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=AMRO+Regional+Director+Biography+%7C+WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdg%2Fregional_directors%2Fetienne%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulia_Crawford2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Julia Crawford (11 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/politics/sanit%C3%A0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms/46600166">"Bill Gates ha troppa influenza sull'OMS?"</a> [Does Bill Gates have an excessive influence on the WHO?]. <a href="/w/index.php?title=SWI_swissinfi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SWI swissinfi (page does not exist)">swissinfo.ch</a> (in Italian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816053643/https://www.swissinfo.ch/ita/politica/sanit%c3%a0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms/46600166">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Bill+Gates+ha+troppa+influenza+sull%27OMS%3F&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.au=Julia+Crawford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fita%2Fpolitics%2Fsanit%25C3%25A0-mondiale_bill-gates-ha-troppa-influenza-sull-oms%2F46600166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorld+Health+Organization" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style 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sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> World Health Organization at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="21" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/19px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/29px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/38px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 8px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="8" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&oldid=1259074302">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&oldid=1259074302</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=World_Health_Organization&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 06:03 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%AAreldgesondheidsorganisasie" title="Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%A4%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85%E1%89%B5" title="የአለም ጤና ድርጅት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የአለም ጤና ድርጅት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailm_tierv%C3%A2svuot%C3%A2organisaatio" title="Maailm tiervâsvuotâorganisaatio – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Maailm tiervâsvuotâorganisaatio" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B8%D2%BF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Агәабзиарахьчара адунеизегьтәи аиҿкаара – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Агәабзиарахьчара адунеизегьтәи аиҿкаара" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة الصحة العالمية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منظمة الصحة العالمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_d%27a_Salut" title="Organización Mundial d'a Salut – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Organización Mundial d'a Salut" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisacion_mondi%C3%A2la_de_la_sant%C3%A2t" title="Organisacion mondiâla de la santât – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Organisacion mondiâla de la santât" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_la_Sal%C3%BA" title="Organización Mundial de la Salú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organización Mundial de la Salú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tes%C3%A3i_Arapygua_Atyguasu" title="Tesãi Arapygua Atyguasu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tesãi Arapygua Atyguasu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmumd%C3%BCnya_S%C9%99hiyy%C9%99_T%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Ümumdünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ümumdünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونیا ساغلیق تشکیلاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kak%C3%A9nakan_Gumi" title="Organisasi Kakénakan Gumi – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Organisasi Kakénakan Gumi" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahimpunan_Kawigasan_Dunia" title="Pahimpunan Kawigasan Dunia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pahimpunan Kawigasan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8-k%C3%A0i_%C5%8Ce-seng_Cho%CD%98-chit" title="Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sè-kài Ōe-seng Cho͘-chit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%99_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D2%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөтә донъя һаулыҡ һаҡлау ойошмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Сусветная арганізацыя аховы здароўя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сусветная арганізацыя аховы здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%8F" title="Сусьветная арганізацыя здароўя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сусьветная арганізацыя здароўя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="बिस्व स्वास्थ संगठन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बिस्व स्वास्थ संगठन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankinaban_na_Organisasyon_nin_Salud" title="Pankinaban na Organisasyon nin Salud – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pankinaban na Organisasyon nin Salud" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Helt_Ogenaesesen" title="Wol Helt Ogenaesesen – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wol Helt Ogenaesesen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Световна здравна организация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Световна здравна организация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetska_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aozadur_Bedel_ar_Yec%27hed" title="Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aozadur Bedel ar Yec'hed" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Дэлхэйн элүүр мэндын байгуулга – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дэлхэйн элүүр мэндын байгуулга" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_Mundial_de_la_Salut" title="Organització Mundial de la Salut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organització Mundial de la Salut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BC_%D1%82%C4%95%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%B9%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%B3" title="Пĕтĕм тĕнчери сывлăха сыхлас йĕркелӳ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕтĕм тĕнчери сывлăха сыхлас йĕркелӳ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%9Btov%C3%A1_zdravotnick%C3%A1_organizace" title="Světová zdravotnická organizace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Světová zdravotnická organizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangano_reHutano_Pasirose" title="Sangano reHutano Pasirose – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sangano reHutano Pasirose" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefydliad_Iechyd_y_Byd" title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailma_Terviseorganisatsioon" title="Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Υγείας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παγκόσμιος Οργανισμός Υγείας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organi%C5%9Basi%C3%B2un_mondi%C3%A8la_dla_sanit%C3%AA" title="Organiśasiòun mondièla dla sanitê – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Organiśasiòun mondièla dla sanitê" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_de_la_Salud" title="Organización Mundial de la Salud – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización Mundial de la Salud" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Sano" title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munduko_Osasun_Erakundea" title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="سازمان جهانی بهداشت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان جهانی بهداشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_de_la_sant%C3%A9" title="Organisation mondiale de la santé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation mondiale de la santé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wr%C3%A2lds%C3%BBnensorganisaasje" title="Wrâldsûnensorganisaasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wrâldsûnensorganisaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eagra%C3%ADocht_Dhomhanda_Sl%C3%A1inte" title="An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eagraíocht Dhomhanda Sláinte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagheydys_Slaynt_y_Theihll" title="Reagheydys Slaynt y Theihll – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Reagheydys Slaynt y Theihll" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Mundial_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Organización Mundial da Saúde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organización Mundial da Saúde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5_%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BE" title="વિશ્વ આરોગ્ય સંસ્થા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિશ્વ આરોગ્ય સંસ્થા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%B9%B3-kie_V%C3%AD-s%C3%AAn_Ch%C3%BB-ch%E1%B9%B3t" title="Sṳ-kie Ví-sên Chû-chṳt – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sṳ-kie Ví-sên Chû-chṳt" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="세계보건기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세계보건기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukumar_Lafiya_ta_Duniya" title="Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Առողջապահության համաշխարհային կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առողջապահության համաշխարհային կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svjetska_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondal_Organizuro_pri_Saneso" title="Mondal Organizuro pri Saneso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mondal Organizuro pri Saneso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunglo_ti_Salun-at_ti_Lubong" title="Gunglo ti Salun-at ti Lubong – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gunglo ti Salun-at ti Lubong" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kesehatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_Mundial_del_Sanitate" title="Organisation Mundial del Sanitate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Organisation Mundial del Sanitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundal_Organisation_del_Sanit%C3%A1" title="Mundal Organisation del Sanitá – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mundal Organisation del Sanitá" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0aheilbrig%C3%B0ism%C3%A1lastofnunin" title="Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_mondiale_della_sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizzazione mondiale della sanità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organizzazione mondiale della sanità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ארגון הבריאות העולמי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון הבריאות העולמי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paheman_Kawarasan_Donya" title="Paheman Kawarasan Donya – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paheman Kawarasan Donya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMS_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B" title="OMS ŋgbɛyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="OMS ŋgbɛyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%98%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86" title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дуния саулукъ организация – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Дуния саулукъ организация" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჯანდაცვის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯანდაცვის მსოფლიო ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Дүниежүзілік денсаулық сақтау ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дүниежүзілік денсаулық сақтау ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kowethyans_Yeghes_an_Bys" title="Kowethyans Yeghes an Bys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kowethyans Yeghes an Bys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirika_la_Afya_Duniani" title="Shirika la Afya Duniani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shirika la Afya Duniani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ganizasyon_Mondyal_Lasante" title="Òganizasyon Mondyal Lasante – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganizasyon Mondyal Lasante" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizasyon_mondyal_di_sant%C3%A9" title="Organizasyon mondyal di santé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Organizasyon mondyal di santé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAxistina_Tenduristiy%C3%AA_ya_C%C3%AEhan%C3%AA" title="Rêxistina Tenduristiyê ya Cîhanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêxistina Tenduristiyê ya Cîhanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Бүткүл дүйнөлүк саламаттык сактоо уюму – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бүткүл дүйнөлүк саламаттык сактоо уюму" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%81" title="ອົງການອະນາໄມໂລກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອົງການອະນາໄມໂລກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_mundi_sanitarius" title="Ordo mundi sanitarius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo mundi sanitarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaules_Vesel%C4%ABbas_organiz%C4%81cija" title="Pasaules Veselības organizācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pasaules Veselības organizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun" title="Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Weltgesondheetsorganisatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasaulio_sveikatos_organizacija" title="Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werreldgez%C3%B3ndjheidsorganisaasje" title="Werreldgezóndjheidsorganisaasje – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Werreldgezóndjheidsorganisaasje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza_Mundal_de_Sania" title="Organiza Mundal de Sania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Organiza Mundal de Sania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazzion_mondiala_de_la_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizzazzion mondiala de la Sanità – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Organizzazzion mondiala de la Sanità" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eg%C3%A9szs%C3%A9g%C3%BCgyi_Vil%C3%A1gszervezet" title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egészségügyi Világszervezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска здравствена организација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Светска здравствена организација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikambanana_Maneran-Tany_momba_ny_Fahasalamana" title="Fikambanana Maneran-Tany momba ny Fahasalamana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fikambanana Maneran-Tany momba ny Fahasalamana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A8" title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോകാരോഗ്യസംഘടന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazzjoni_Dinjija_tas-Sa%C4%A7%C4%A7a" title="Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संस्था – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य संस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AD%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ჭყანთხილუაშ მოსოფელიშ ორგანიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჭყანთხილუაშ მოსოფელიშ ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="منظمة الصحه العالمية – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منظمة الصحه العالمية" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%81%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ပရေၚ်ထတ်ယုက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ပရေၚ်ထတ်ယုက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kesihatan_Sedunia" title="Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kasihatan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kasihatan Dunia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Organisasi Kasihatan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%AD%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн Байгууллага – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхийн Эрүүл Мэндийн Байгууллага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ကမ္ဘာ့ကျန်းမာရေးအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာ့ကျန်းမာရေးအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्व स्वास्थ्य सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="वर्ल्ड हेल्थ अर्गेनाइजेसन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वर्ल्ड हेल्थ अर्गेनाइजेसन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BF%9D%E5%81%A5%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="世界保健機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="世界保健機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B9%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Дерригдуьненан могушалла Ӏалашйаран организаци – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дерригдуьненан могушалла Ӏалашйаран организаци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdens_helseorganisasjon" title="Verdens helseorganisasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verdens helseorganisasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdsorganisasjonen_for_helse" title="Verdsorganisasjonen for helse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdsorganisasjonen for helse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacion_Mondiala_de_la_Santat" title="Organizacion Mondiala de la Santat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organizacion Mondiala de la Santat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%A8" title="ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahon_sog%CA%BBliqni_saqlash_tashkiloti" title="Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash tashkiloti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਸਥਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵ ਸਿਹਤ ਸੰਸਥਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85" title="عالمی صحت تنظیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عالمی صحت تنظیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisashon_Mundial_di_Sal%C3%BA" title="Organisashon Mundial di Salú – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Organisashon Mundial di Salú" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="د روغتيا نړيوال سازمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روغتيا نړيوال سازمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol_Elt_Aaganizieshan" title="Wol Elt Aaganizieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wol Elt Aaganizieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80" title="អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អង្គការសុខភាពពិភពលោក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisassion_Mondial_%C3%ABd_la_Sanit%C3%A0" title="Organisassion Mondial ëd la Sanità – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Organisassion Mondial ëd la Sanità" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisatschoon_f%C3%B6r_Weltgesundheit" title="Organisatschoon för Weltgesundheit – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Organisatschoon för Weltgesundheit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiatowa_Organizacja_Zdrowia" title="Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_da_Sa%C3%BAde" title="Organização Mundial da Saúde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização Mundial da Saúde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1q_saqlav_te%C5%9Fkil%C3%A2t%C4%B1" title="Dünya sağlıq saqlav teşkilâtı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Dünya sağlıq saqlav teşkilâtı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Mondial%C4%83_a_S%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii" title="Organizația Mondială a Sănătății – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația Mondială a Sănătății" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8F" title="Світова орґанізація охороны здоровя – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Світова орґанізація охороны здоровя" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Всемирная организация здравоохранения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Всемирная организация здравоохранения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Доруобуйа аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Доруобуйа аан дойдутааҕы тэрилтэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="विश्वस्वास्थ्यसंस्था – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विश्वस्वास्थ्यसंस्था" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizatzione_Mundiale_de_sa_Salude" title="Organizatzione Mundiale de sa Salude – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Organizatzione Mundiale de sa Salude" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizata_Bot%C3%ABrore_e_Sh%C3%ABndet%C3%ABsis%C3%AB" title="Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urganizzazioni_Munniali_d%C3%A2_Saluti" title="Urganizzazioni Munniali dâ Saluti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Urganizzazioni Munniali dâ Saluti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%9B%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලෝක සෞඛ්‍ය සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%DA%8A_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%BF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="ورلڊ هيلٿ آرگنائيزيشن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ورلڊ هيلٿ آرگنائيزيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetov%C3%A1_zdravotn%C3%ADcka_organiz%C3%A1cia" title="Svetová zdravotnícka organizácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Svetová zdravotnícka organizácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetovna_zdravstvena_organizacija" title="Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awiatow%C5%8F_%C3%94rganizacyj%C5%8F_Zdrowi%C5%8F" title="Światowŏ Ôrganizacyjŏ Zdrowiŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Światowŏ Ôrganizacyjŏ Zdrowiŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ururka_Caafimaadka_Aduunka" title="Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ururka Caafimaadka Aduunka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ڕێکخراوەی تەندروستیی جیھانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێکخراوەی تەندروستیی جیھانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска здравствена организација – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Светска здравствена организација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO" title="WHO – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="WHO" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kas%C3%A9hatan_Dunya" title="Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Organisasi Kaséhatan Dunya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailman_terveysj%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6" title="Maailman terveysjärjestö – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maailman terveysjärjestö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsh%C3%A4lsoorganisationen" title="Världshälsoorganisationen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Världshälsoorganisationen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaigdigang_Organisasyon_sa_Kalusugan" title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="உலக சுகாதார அமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உலக சுகாதார அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuddsa_tamadlant_n_tdawsa" title="Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tuddsa tamadlant n tdawsa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Бөтендөнья сәламәтлек оешмасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөтендөнья сәламәтлек оешмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%81%BE%E1%82%83%E1%82%89" title="ၸုမ်းပၢႆးယူႇလီလုမ်ႈၾႃႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၸုမ်းပၢႆးယူႇလီလုမ်ႈၾႃႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రపంచ ఆరోగ్య సంస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="องค์การอนามัยโลก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องค์การอนามัยโลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%89%A5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8B%95%E1%8A%93_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%88%E1%88%9D" title="ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B7%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D3%A3" title="Созмони ҷаҳонии тандурустӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Созмони ҷаҳонии тандурустӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCnya_Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1k_%C3%96rg%C3%BCt%C3%BC" title="Dünya Sağlık Örgütü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dünya Sağlık Örgütü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCtind%C3%BCn%C3%BD%C3%A4_Saglyk_Guramasy(BSG)" title="Bütindünýä Saglyk Guramasy(BSG) – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bütindünýä Saglyk Guramasy(BSG)" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sot-nta%CC%B1m_Gbi%CC%B1ngban_Swanta" title="Sot-nta̱m Gbi̱ngban Swanta – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Sot-nta̱m Gbi̱ngban Swanta" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Всесвітня організація охорони здоров'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Всесвітня організація охорони здоров'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%AA" title="عالمی ادارہ صحت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عالمی ادارہ صحت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="دۇنيا سەھىيە تەشكىلاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دۇنيا سەھىيە تەشكىلاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiqgyaiq_Veiswngh_Cujciz" title="Seiqgyaiq Veiswngh Cujciz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Seiqgyaiq Veiswngh Cujciz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizasion_mondia%C5%82e_de_%C5%82a_sanit%C3%A0" title="Organizasion mondiałe de ła sanità – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Organizasion mondiałe de ła sanità" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail%27man_tervhudenorganizacii" title="Mail'man tervhudenorganizacii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mail'man tervhudenorganizacii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_ch%E1%BB%A9c_Y_t%E1%BA%BF_Th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi" title="Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maailma_Terv%C3%BCseorganisats%27uun" title="Maailma Tervüseorganisats'uun – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Maailma Tervüseorganisats'uun" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="世界衛生組織 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="世界衛生組織" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="World Health Organization" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="世界卫生组织" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="װעלט געזונט ארגאניזאציע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װעלט געזונט ארגאניזאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%E1%BB%8D_%C3%8Clera_%C3%80gb%C3%A1y%C3%A9" title="Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àjọ Ìlera Àgbáyé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A1%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="世界衞生組織 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="世界衞生組織" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svieta_sveikatas_organ%C4%97zac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Svieta sveikatas organėzacėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Svieta sveikatas organėzacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世界卫生组织" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punguan_Hahisaron_Portibi" title="Punguan Hahisaron Portibi – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Punguan Hahisaron Portibi" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Kairasan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Kairasan Dunia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Organisasi Kairasan Dunia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 06:03 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> 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