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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Opening </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s:_Countercultural_epicenter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s:_Countercultural_epicenter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1960s: Countercultural epicenter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Countercultural_epicenter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Student_takeover_of_Ford_Hall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_takeover_of_Ford_Hall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Student takeover of Ford Hall </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_takeover_of_Ford_Hall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century:_Institutional_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century:_Institutional_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Late 20th century: Institutional crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century:_Institutional_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Presidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Campus </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Campus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Campus subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Campus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Heller_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Heller_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 The Heller School </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Heller_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Business_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Business_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 International Business School </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Business_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Rabb_School_of_Continuing_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Rabb_School_of_Continuing_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 The Rabb School of Continuing Studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Rabb_School_of_Continuing_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Graduate School of Arts and Sciences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rose_Art_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rose_Art_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Rose Art Museum </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rose_Art_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Academics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Academics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cohen_Center_for_Modern_Jewish_Studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cohen_Center_for_Modern_Jewish_Studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cohen_Center_for_Modern_Jewish_Studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schuster_Institute_for_Investigative_Journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schuster_Institute_for_Investigative_Journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schuster_Institute_for_Investigative_Journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steinhardt_Social_Research_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steinhardt_Social_Research_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Steinhardt Social Research Institute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steinhardt_Social_Research_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_Studies_Research_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_Studies_Research_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Women's Studies Research Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_Studies_Research_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wien_International_Scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wien_International_Scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Wien International Scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wien_International_Scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_and_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Reputation and rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspaper_and_yearbook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspaper_and_yearbook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.1 Newspaper and yearbook </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspaper_and_yearbook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.2 Magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.3 Journals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Student life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Athletics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Brandeis University</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="جامعة برانديز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة برانديز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_Brandeis" title="Universidá Brandeis – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Universidá Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeys_Universiteti" title="Brandeys Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brandeys Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="برندایس بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="برندایس بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Брандэйскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брандэйскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_Brandeis" title="Universitat Brandeis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prifysgol_Brandeis" title="Prifysgol Brandeis – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prifysgol Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brandeis University" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_Brandeis" title="Universidad Brandeis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_Brandeis" title="Universitato Brandeis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_Unibertsitatea" title="Brandeis Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brandeis Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="دانشگاه برندایس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه برندایس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Brandeis" title="Université Brandeis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilthigh_Brandeis" title="Oilthigh Brandeis – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oilthigh Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%9E%9C%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="브랜다이스 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브랜다이스 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_Brandeis" title="Universitato Brandeis – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Universitato Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brandeis University" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1" title="אוניברסיטת ברנדייס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת ברנדייס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="جامعة برانديز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة برانديز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis-universiteit" title="Brandeis-universiteit – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandeis-universiteit" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ブランダイス大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブランダイス大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brandeis University" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="برانڈیس یونیورسٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برانڈیس یونیورسٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brandeis University" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_Brandeisa" title="Uniwersytet Brandeisa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet Brandeisa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_Brandeis" title="Universidade Brandeis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade Brandeis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Брандейский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брандейский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brandeis University" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandeisin_yliopisto" title="Brandeisin yliopisto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brandeisin yliopisto" 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71°15′35″W / 42.365664°N 71.259742°W / 42.365664; -71.259742</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private university in Waltham, Massachusetts, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the University of Louisville law school, see <a href="/wiki/Louis_D._Brandeis_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis D. Brandeis School of Law">Louis D. Brandeis School of Law</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Brandeis University</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Brandeis_University_seal.svg/150px-Brandeis_University_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Brandeis_University_seal.svg/225px-Brandeis_University_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Brandeis_University_seal.svg/300px-Brandeis_University_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="234" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: אמת, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: Emet (Truth)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">"Truth even unto its innermost parts"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 1948; 76 years ago (1948-10-20)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Goldstein" title="Israel Goldstein">Israel Goldstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">NECHE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">AAU</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Colleges_and_Universities" title="National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities">NAICU</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.26 billion (2024)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Arthur A. Levine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Fierke" title="Carol Fierke">Carol Fierke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">559 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Administrative staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,451 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">5,302 (2023-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,675 (2023-24)<a href="#cite_note-Common_Data-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,627 (2023-24)<a href="#cite_note-Common_Data-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Brandeis_University&params=42.365664_N_71.259742_W_region:US-MA_type:edu">42°21′56″N 71°15′35″W / 42.365664°N 71.259742°W / 42.365664; -71.259742</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Small city<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>, 235 acres (95 ha)<a href="#cite_note-Facts-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Brandeis_Hoot" title="The Brandeis Hoot">The Brandeis Hoot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Justice_(newspaper)" title="The Justice (newspaper)">The Justice</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Blue<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Judges</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">Division III</a> – <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">UAA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_College_Athletic_Conference" title="Eastern College Athletic Conference">ECAC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Intercollegiate_Sailing_Association" title="New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association">NEISA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">The Judge and Ollie the Owl (named for Justice <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/">www.brandeis.edu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg/180px-Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg/270px-Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg/360px-Brandeis-University-Word-Mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="128" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Brandeis University (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbrændaɪs/</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">research university</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, Massachusetts</a>, United States. It is located within the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> area. Founded in 1948 as a <a href="/wiki/Nonsectarian" title="Nonsectarian">non-sectarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coeducational" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeducational">coeducational</a> university, Brandeis was established on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University_(Massachusetts)" title="Middlesex University (Massachusetts)">Middlesex University</a>. The university is named after <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court</a>. Brandeis is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"<a href="#cite_note-Carnegie-9">[9]</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">accredited</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">New England Commission of Higher Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The university has been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a> (AAU) since 1985. In 2018, it had a total enrollment of 5,800 students on a campus of 235 acres (95 hectares).<a href="#cite_note-Facts-5">[5]</a> The university has a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a> focus. <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brandeis_University_people" title="List of Brandeis University people">Alumni and faculty</a> of the university have included <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fields Medalist">Fields Medalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a> Winner <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a>, and co-creators of the television show <a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Crane_(producer)" title="David Crane (producer)">David Crane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marta_Kauffman" title="Marta Kauffman">Marta Kauffman</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding">Founding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Middlesex_University,_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Coat_of_arms_of_Middlesex_University%2C_Massachusetts.png/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Middlesex_University%2C_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Coat_of_arms_of_Middlesex_University%2C_Massachusetts.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Seal of the former <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University_(Massachusetts)" title="Middlesex University (Massachusetts)">Middlesex University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/220px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/330px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/440px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Usen_Castle" title="Usen Castle">Usen Castle</a>, a building on campus</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_University_(Massachusetts)" title="Middlesex University (Massachusetts)">Middlesex University</a> was a medical school located in Waltham, Massachusetts, that was at the time the only medical school in Massachusetts that did not impose a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">quota on Jews</a>. The founder, John Hall Smith, died in 1944. Smith's will stipulated that the school should go to any group willing to use it to establish a non-sectarian university.<a href="#cite_note-spirit-11">[11]</a> Within two years, Middlesex University was on the brink of financial collapse. The school had not been able to secure accreditation by the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a>, which Smith partially attributed to institutional antisemitism in the American Medical Association.<a href="#cite_note-reisfounding-12">[12]</a> Smith's son, C. Ruggles Smith, was desperate for a way to save something of Middlesex University. He learned of a New York committee headed by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Goldstein" title="Israel Goldstein">Israel Goldstein</a> that was seeking a campus to establish a Jewish-sponsored secular university. Smith approached Goldstein with a proposal to give the Middlesex campus and charter to Goldstein's committee, in the hope that his committee might "possess the apparent ability to reestablish the School of Medicine on an approved basis." While Goldstein was concerned about being saddled with a failing medical school, he was excited about the opportunity to secure a 100-acre (40-hectare) "campus not far from New York, the premier Jewish community in the world, and only 9 miles (14 km) from Boston, one of the important Jewish population centers."<a href="#cite_note-reisfounding-12">[12]</a> Goldstein agreed to accept Smith's offer, proceeding to recruit George Alpert, a Boston lawyer with fundraising experience as national co-chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_Jewish_Appeal" title="United Jewish Appeal">United Jewish Appeal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brandeis_University_sign.jpg/220px-Brandeis_University_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brandeis_University_sign.jpg/330px-Brandeis_University_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Brandeis_University_sign.jpg/440px-Brandeis_University_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Brandeis University sign</figcaption></figure> Alpert had worked his way through <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Law" title="Boston University School of Law">Boston University School of Law</a> and co-founded the firm of Alpert and Alpert. Alpert's firm had a long association with the <a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_Haven_and_Hartford_Railroad" title="New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad">New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad</a>, of which he was to become president from 1956 to 1961.<a href="#cite_note-alpert-obit-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Alpert was chairman of Brandeis from 1946 to 1954, and a trustee from 1946 until his death.<a href="#cite_note-alpert-obit-14">[14]</a> By February 5, 1946, Goldstein had recruited <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, whose involvement drew national attention to the nascent university.<a href="#cite_note-reis-16">[16]</a> Einstein believed the university would attract the best young people in all fields, satisfying a real need.<a href="#cite_note-setup-17">[17]</a> In March 1946, Goldstein said the foundation had raised $10 million that it would use to open the school by the following year.<a href="#cite_note-sought-18">[18]</a> The foundation purchased Middlesex University's land and buildings for two million dollars.<a href="#cite_note-setup-17">[17]</a> The charter of this operation was transferred to the foundation along with the campus. The founding organization was announced in August and named The Albert Einstein Foundation for Higher Learning, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-unit-19">[19]</a> The new school would be a Jewish-sponsored secular university open to students and faculty of all races and religions.<a href="#cite_note-unit-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabb_Graduate_Center,_Brandeis_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/220px-Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/330px-Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/440px-Rabb_Graduate_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Rabb Graduate Center (1965, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(architect)" title="Benjamin Thompson (architect)">Benjamin Thompson</a>)</figcaption></figure> The trustees offered to name the university after Einstein in the summer of 1946, but Einstein declined, and on July 16, 1946, the board decided the university would be named after <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Einstein threatened to sever ties with the foundation on September 2, 1946.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] Believing the venture could not succeed without Einstein, Goldstein quickly agreed to resign, and Einstein recanted.<a href="#cite_note-einstein-quits-21">[21]</a> Einstein's near-departure was publicly denied.<a href="#cite_note-quits-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-sachar-23">[23]</a> Goldstein said that, despite his resignation, he would continue to solicit donations for the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-quits-22">[22]</a> On November 1, 1946, the foundation announced that the new university would be named Brandeis University, after Louis D. Brandeis, associate justice of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-disclose-24">[24]</a> By the end of 1946, the foundation said it had raised over five hundred thousand dollars,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> and two months later it said it had doubled that amount.<a href="#cite_note-to-open-26">[26]</a> The Brandeis board felt it was in no position to make the investment in the medical school that would enable it to receive accreditation, and closed it in 1947. Einstein wanted Middlesex University's veterinary school's standards to be improved before expanding to the school,<a href="#cite_note-einstein-quits-21">[21]</a> while others in the foundation wanted to simply close the veterinary school,<a href="#cite_note-sachar-23">[23]</a> which, by the winter of 1947, had an enrollment of just about 100 students.<a href="#cite_note-to-open-26">[26]</a> A professional study of the veterinary school recommended dismissing certain instructors and requiring end-of-year examinations for the students, but the foundation declined to enact any of the recommendations, to the dismay of Einstein and a couple of the foundation's trustees.<a href="#cite_note-gives-up-27">[27]</a> In early June 1947, Einstein made a final break with the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-einstein-quits-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-severs-28">[28]</a> The veterinary school was closed, despite students' protests and demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-sachar-23">[23]</a> According to George Alpert, a lawyer responsible for much of the organizational effort, Einstein had wanted to offer the presidency of the school to left-wing scholar <a href="/wiki/Harold_Laski" title="Harold Laski">Harold Laski</a>,<a href="#cite_note-as-planned-29">[29]</a> someone that Alpert had characterized as "a man utterly alien to American principles of democracy, tarred with the Communist brush."<a href="#cite_note-reis-16">[16]</a> He said, "I can compromise on any subject but one: that one is Americanism."<a href="#cite_note-sachar-23">[23]</a> Two of the foundation's trustees, S. Ralph Lazrus and Otto Nathan, quit the foundation at the same time as Einstein.<a href="#cite_note-einstein-quits-21">[21]</a> In response, Alpert said that Lazrus and Nathan had tried to give Brandeis University a "radical, political orientation."<a href="#cite_note-charged-30">[30]</a> Alpert also criticized Lazrus' lack of fundraising success and Nathan's failure to organize an educational advisory committee.<a href="#cite_note-charged-30">[30]</a> Einstein said he, Lazrus, and Nathan "have always been and have always acted in complete harmony."<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening">Opening</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opening">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg/220px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg/330px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg/440px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption> Brandeis's admissions building at night</figcaption></figure> On April 26, 1948, Brandeis University announced that <a href="/wiki/Abram_L._Sachar" title="Abram L. Sachar">Abram L. Sachar</a>, chairman of the National Hillel Commission, had been chosen as Brandeis' first president.<a href="#cite_note-heads-32">[32]</a> Sachar promised that Brandeis University would follow Louis Brandeis' principles of academic integrity and service.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> He also promised that students and faculty would never be chosen based on quotas of "genetic or ethnic or economic distribution" because choices based on quotas "are based on the assumption that there are standard population strains, on the belief that the ideal American must look and act like an eighteenth-century Puritan, that the melting pot of America must mold all who live here into such a pattern."<a href="#cite_note-installed-34">[34]</a> Students who applied to the school were not asked their race, religion, or ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Brandeis decided its undergraduate instruction would not be organized with traditional departments or divisions, and instead it would have four schools, namely the School of General Studies, the School of Social Studies, the School of Humanities, and the School of Science.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On October 14, 1948,<a href="#cite_note-installed-34">[34]</a> Brandeis University received its first freshman class of 107 students.<a href="#cite_note-expanding-37">[37]</a> They were taught by thirteen instructors<a href="#cite_note-first-graduation-38">[38]</a> in eight buildings on a 100-acre (40-hectare) campus.<a href="#cite_note-brandeis-builds-39">[39]</a> Students came from 28 states and six foreign countries.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The library was formerly a barn, students slept in the former medical school building and two army barracks, and the cafeteria was where the medical school had stored cadavers.<a href="#cite_note-spirit-11">[11]</a> Historians Elinor and Robert Slater later called the opening of Brandeis one of the great moments in Jewish history.<a href="#cite_note-slater-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early years">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> joined the board of trustees in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Proskauer" title="Joseph M. Proskauer">Joseph M. Proskauer</a> joined the board in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Construction of on-campus dormitories began in March 1950 with the goal of ninety percent of students living on campus.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Construction on an athletic field began in May 1950.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Brandeis' football team played its first game on September 30, 1950, a road win against <a href="/wiki/Maine_Maritime_Academy" title="Maine Maritime Academy">Maine Maritime Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Its first varsity game was on September 29, 1951, with a home loss against the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Hampshire" title="University of New Hampshire">University of New Hampshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brandeis_Loses_Opener,_33-20-47">[47]</a> Its first varsity win was a score of 24–13, an away game at <a href="/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a> on October 6, 1951.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Brandeis Stadium opened in time for a home win against <a href="/wiki/American_International_College" title="American International College">American International College</a> on October 13, 1951.<a href="#cite_note-Brandeis_Wins,_25-7-49">[49]</a> During its first season, the football team won four and lost four games during the regular season and then lost to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tampa" title="University of Tampa">University of Tampa</a> in a post-season game.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Construction of a 2,000-seat amphitheater began in February 1952.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The state legislature of Massachusetts authorized Brandeis to award master's degrees, doctorate degrees, and honorary degrees in 1951.<a href="#cite_note-expanding-37">[37]</a> Brandeis' first graduating class of 101 students received degrees on June 16, 1952.<a href="#cite_note-first-graduation-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-festival-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, director of Brandeis' Center of Creative Arts, planned <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein_Festival_of_the_Creative_Arts" title="Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts">a four-day ceremony to commemorate the occasion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-festival-52">[52]</a> Held in the newly opened amphitheater, the ceremony included the world premier of Bernstein's opera <a href="/wiki/Trouble_in_Tahiti" title="Trouble in Tahiti">Trouble in Tahiti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-festival-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Eleanor Roosevelt and Massachusetts Governor <a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Paul A. Dever</a> spoke at the commencement ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In 1953, Einstein declined the offer of an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> from Brandeis, writing to Brandeis President <a href="/wiki/Abram_L._Sachar" title="Abram L. Sachar">Abram L. Sachar</a> that "what happened in the stage of preparation of Brandeis University was not at all caused by a misunderstanding and cannot be made good any more."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Instead, at the graduation ceremony for Brandeis' second graduating class of 108 students, individuals given Brandeis' first honorary degrees included Illinois Senator <a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">Paul H. Douglas</a>, Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ginzberg" title="Louis Ginzberg">Louis Ginzberg</a>, and Alpert.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> 1953 also saw the creation of the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, one of the first academic programs in Jewish Studies at an American university. Among the founders were distinguished emigre scholars Alexander Altmann, Nathan Glatzer, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Rawidowicz" title="Simon Rawidowicz">Simon Rawidowicz</a>. Brandeis' graduate program, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, opened in fall 1954.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In the same year, Brandeis became fully accredited, joining the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Association_of_Colleges_and_Secondary_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools">New England Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brandeis-builds-39">[39]</a> As of 1954, Brandeis had 22 buildings and a 192-acre (78-hectare) campus.<a href="#cite_note-brandeis-builds-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChapelPond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ChapelPond.jpg/220px-ChapelPond.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ChapelPond.jpg/330px-ChapelPond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ChapelPond.jpg/440px-ChapelPond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Chapels Pond</figcaption></figure> In 1954, Brandeis began construction on an interfaith center consisting of separate Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Jewish chapels.<a href="#cite_note-interfaith-59">[59]</a> Designed by the architectural firm of <a href="/wiki/Harrison_%26_Abramovitz" title="Harrison & Abramovitz">Harrison & Abramovitz</a>, the three chapels surrounded a natural pond.<a href="#cite_note-interfaith-59">[59]</a> Brandeis announced that no official chaplains would be named, and attendance at chapel services would not be required.<a href="#cite_note-interfaith-59">[59]</a> The Roman Catholic chapel was named Bethlehem, meaning house of bread, and it was dedicated on September 9, 1955.<a href="#cite_note-catholic-60">[60]</a> Dedicated on September 11, 1955, the Jewish chapel was named in memory of Mendel and Leah Berlin, parents of Boston surgeon David D. Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-three-chapels-61">[61]</a> Named in memory of Supreme Court Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan" title="John Marshall Harlan">John Marshall Harlan</a>, the Protestant chapel was dedicated on October 30, 1955.<a href="#cite_note-three-chapels-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg/220px-Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg/330px-Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg/440px-Brandeis_University_Libraries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1355" /></a><figcaption>Farber Library at left (1984, Abramovitz, Harris, & Kingsland); Goldfarb Library at right (1959, Harrison & Abramovitz)</figcaption></figure> In 1956, Brandeis received a one-million-dollar donation from New York industrialist Jack A. Goldfarb to build a library.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-gets-gift-63">[63]</a> The building, named the Bertha and Jacob Goldfarb Library in his honor, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Harrison_%26_Abramovitz" title="Harrison & Abramovitz">Harrison & Abramovitz</a>, a firm which designed many campus buildings in the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-gets-gift-63">[63]</a> Built of brick and glass, the library was designed to hold 750,000 volumes.<a href="#cite_note-gets-gift-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg/150px-Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg/225px-Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg/300px-Louis_Brandeis_statue_by_Robert_Berks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Berks" title="Robert Berks">Robert Berks</a>' statue of Louis Brandeis stands atop the outcropping in Fellows Garden, in the center of campus (1956).</figcaption></figure> A nine-foot bronze statue of Justice <a href="/wiki/Louis_D._Brandeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis D. Brandeis">Louis D. Brandeis</a> is a campus landmark. The sculpture, created by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Berks" title="Robert Berks">Robert Berks</a>, was unveiled in 1956 in honor of the 100th anniversary of Brandeis' birth.<a href="#cite_note-statue-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-statue2-65">[65]</a> Berks' wife Dorothy had been the Justice's personal assistant for 39 years and wore his actual robes to model the statue.<a href="#cite_note-statue2-65">[65]</a> After Brandeis University awarded an honorary doctorate to Israeli Premier <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> in 1960,<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> boycotted Brandeis University, announcing that it would not issue currency permits to Jordanian students at Brandeis.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Beginning in fall 1959, singer <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Fisher" title="Eddie Fisher">Eddie Fisher</a> established two scholarships at the university, one for classical and one for popular music, in the name of <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> On May 16, 1960, Brandeis announced it would discontinue its varsity football team.<a href="#cite_note-quits-football-69">[69]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Abram_Sachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abram Sachar">Abram Sachar</a> pointed to the cost of the team as one reason for the decision.<a href="#cite_note-quits-football-69">[69]</a> Brandeis' football coach <a href="/wiki/Benny_Friedman" title="Benny Friedman">Benny Friedman</a> said it was difficult to recruit football players who were also excellent students with so much competition in the Boston metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-fielding-70">[70]</a> Brandeis said the discontinuation of varsity football would allow it to expand intercollegiate activity in other sports.<a href="#cite_note-fielding-70">[70]</a> During its nine years of varsity play, Brandeis' football team recorded 34 wins, 33 losses, and four ties.<a href="#cite_note-fielding-70">[70]</a> In 1985, Brandeis was elected to membership in the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a>, an association that focuses on graduate education and research.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Countercultural_epicenter">1960s: Countercultural epicenter</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1960s: Countercultural epicenter">edit</a>]</div> Brandeis became an epicenter of radical student activism and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">anti–Vietnam War protests</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture of the 1960s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> It was the National Student Strike Information Center during the <a href="/wiki/Student_strike_of_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Student strike of 1970">student strike of 1970</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Student_takeover_of_Ford_Hall">Student takeover of Ford Hall</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Student takeover of Ford Hall">edit</a>]</div> On January 8, 1969, about 70 black students entered then-student-center, Ford Hall, ejected everyone else from the building, and refused to leave.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The students' demands included the hiring of more black faculty members, increasing black student enrollment from four percent to ten percent of the student body,<a href="#cite_note-seize-74">[74]</a> establishing an independent department on African American studies,<a href="#cite_note-resume-75">[75]</a> and an increase in scholarships for black students.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Over 200 white students staged a sit-in in the lobby of the administration building.<a href="#cite_note-suspends-77">[77]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Morris_B._Abram" title="Morris B. Abram">Morris B. Abram</a> said that, although he recognized "the deep frustration and anger which black students here and all over the country feel at what must seem—and often is—the indifference and duplicity of white men in relation to blacks",<a href="#cite_note-suspends-77">[77]</a> the students' actions were an affront to the university. The faculty condemned the students' actions as well.<a href="#cite_note-seize-74">[74]</a> On the fourth day of the protest, the <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a> Superior Court issued a temporary restraining order, requiring the students to leave Ford Hall.<a href="#cite_note-resume-75">[75]</a> While Abram did not allow the order to forcibly remove the students from Ford Hall to be enforced, 65 students had been suspended for their actions.<a href="#cite_note-suspends-77">[77]</a> On January 18, the black students exited Ford Hall, ending the eleven-day occupation of the building.<a href="#cite_note-end-occupation-78">[78]</a> There had been no violence or destruction of property during the occupation, and Brandeis gave the students amnesty for their actions.<a href="#cite_note-end-occupation-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Walters" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Walters">Ronald Walters</a> became the first chair of Afro-American studies at Brandeis later the same year.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Ford Hall was demolished in August 2000 to make way for the Shapiro Campus Center, which was opened and dedicated October 3, 2002. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_century:_Institutional_crisis">Late 20th century: Institutional crisis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Late 20th century: Institutional crisis">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Context plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Context" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit">improve the article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Provide_context_for_the_reader" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">providing more context for the reader</a>. (October 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In the 1970s, Brandeis faced a financial crisis as donations from American Jews decreased as they turned toward support for Israel and other causes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_O._Thier" title="Samuel O. Thier">Samuel O. Thier</a>, president from 1991 to 1994, helped to restabilize the university.<a href="#cite_note-:1-72">[72]</a> In 1998, German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> addressed the university as commencement speaker and dedicated the Center for German and European established the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In January 2007, former <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Jimmy Carter</a> spoke at the university against the backdrop of controversy over his book <a href="/wiki/Palestine:_Peace_Not_Apartheid" title="Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid">Palestine:Peace Not Apartheid</a> after being invited by students despite some campus opposition. <a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> His speech was followed by a rebuttal remarks from <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dershowitz" title="Alan Dershowitz">Alan Dershowitz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Later that spring <a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Norman Finkelstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pipes" title="Daniel Pipes">Daniel Pipes</a> were invited to speak on campus by separate student groups.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In December 2007 former President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> spoke on campus and launched the Eli J. Segal Leadership program.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems,_Brandeis_University,_Waltham_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/220px-Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/330px-Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/440px-Volen_Center_for_Complex_Systems%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Volen Center for Complex Systems (1994, <a href="/wiki/CannonDesign" title="CannonDesign">CannonDesign</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landsman_Research_Facility,_Brandeis_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/220px-Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/330px-Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/440px-Landsman_Research_Facility%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Landsman Research Facility (completed 2005, dedicated 2008), home to a superconducting magnet.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2014, Brandeis announced it would offer an honorary doctorate to <a href="/wiki/Ayaan_Hirsi_Ali" title="Ayaan Hirsi Ali">Ayaan Hirsi Ali</a>, "a staunch supporter of <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>",<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> and an outspoken campaigner against <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">honor killing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a> in general. After complaints from the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations" title="Council on American–Islamic Relations">Council on American–Islamic Relations</a> and internal consultation with faculty and students, Brandeis publicly withdrew the offer, citing that Ali's statements condemning Islam<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> were "inconsistent with the University's core values".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> 87 out of 511 faculty members at Brandeis signed a letter to the university president. The university announced that the decision to withdraw the invitation was made after a discussion between Ayaan Ali and President Frederick Lawrence, stating that "She is a compelling public figure and advocate for women's rights ... but we cannot overlook certain of her past statements".<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> According to Brandeis, Ali was never invited to speak at commencement, she was only invited to receive an honorary degree.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Ali said that Brandeis' decision surprised her because Brandeis said they did not know what she had said in the past even though her speeches were publicly available on the internet, calling it a "feeble excuse".<a href="#cite_note-foxnews.com-99">[99]</a> Ali stated that the university's decision was motivated in part by fear of offending Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-foxnews.com-99">[99]</a> She argued that the "spirit of free expression" referred to in the Brandeis statement has been betrayed and stifled.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> While some commentators such as Abdullah Antepli, the Muslim chaplain and adjunct faculty of Islamic Studies at Duke University, applauded the decision and warned against "making renegades into heroes,"<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> other academic commentators such as the University of Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Coyne" title="Jerry Coyne">Jerry Coyne</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> and the George Mason University Foundation Professor <a href="/wiki/David_Bernstein_(law_professor)" title="David Bernstein (law professor)">David Bernstein</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> criticized the decision as an attack on academic values such as freedom of inquiry and intellectual independence from religious pressure groups. In 2017, a planned student performance of a play called "Buyer Beware" about <a href="/wiki/Lenny_Bruce" title="Lenny Bruce">Lenny Bruce</a> by Brandeis alumnus <a href="/wiki/Michael_Weller" title="Michael Weller">Michael Weller</a> was first postponed over concerns about racism, then prompting the playwright to withdraw the play in favor of a staging it elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The university adopted official free expression principles in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> A new presidential taskforce to review the university's free expression guidelines was set up in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In 2021, a student group's "oppressive language list" was removed from the university website after it got outside attention for its suggestion to avoid the term "trigger warning."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> President Ronald Liebowitz announced his resignation in September 2024 following a faculty no-confidence vote amid budget concerns and controversy over the handling of pro-Palestinian protests on campus -- the fifth university president to step down that year at least in part in connection with the <a href="/wiki/2024_pro-Palestinian_protests_on_university_campuses" title="2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses">2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses</a>, according to the New York Times.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Presidents">edit</a>]</div> The presidents of Brandeis University include: <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Presidents of Brandeis University </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;">Name </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Tenure </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Note </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abram_L._Sachar" title="Abram L. Sachar">Abram L. Sachar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1948–1968<a href="#cite_note-heads-32">[32]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morris_B._Abram" title="Morris B. Abram">Morris B. Abram</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1968–1970<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charles I. Schottland </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1970–1972<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marver_Bernstein" title="Marver Bernstein">Marver Bernstein</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1972–1983<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Handler" title="Evelyn Handler">Evelyn Handler</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1983–1991<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Altman" title="Stuart Altman">Stuart Altman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1990–1991<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> </td> <td>interim </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Samuel_O._Thier" title="Samuel O. Thier">Samuel O. Thier</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1991–1994<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jehuda_Reinharz" title="Jehuda Reinharz">Jehuda Reinharz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1994–2010<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_M._Lawrence" title="Frederick M. Lawrence">Frederick M. Lawrence</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2011–2015<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lisa_M._Lynch" title="Lisa M. Lynch">Lisa M. Lynch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2015–2016<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> </td> <td>interim </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_D._Liebowitz" title="Ronald D. Liebowitz">Ronald D. Liebowitz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2016–2024<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthur E. Levine </td> <td>2024–<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> </td> <td>interim </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Campus">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG/220px-Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG/330px-Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG/440px-Brandeis_University_aerial_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of campus in <a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShapiroCC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/ShapiroCC.jpg/220px-ShapiroCC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/ShapiroCC.jpg/330px-ShapiroCC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/ShapiroCC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Carl and Ruth Shapiro Campus Center (2002, Charles Rose Architects)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Heller_School">The Heller School</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Heller School">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Heller_School_for_Social_Policy_and_Management" title="Heller School for Social Policy and Management">Heller School for Social Policy and Management</a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Heller_School_for_Social_Policy_and_Management" title="Heller School for Social Policy and Management">Heller School for Social Policy and Management</a> has programs in social policy, health policy and management, and international development. Researchers at the graduate school and research institution research policy in health; mental health; substance abuse; children, youth, and families; aging; international and community development; developmental disabilities; philanthropy; and work and inequalities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Business_School">International Business School</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: International Business School">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_International_Business_School" title="Brandeis International Business School">Brandeis International Business School</a> is a professional school dedicated to business, finance, economics and data analytics. The International Business School is an AACSB-accredited institution. The International Business School offers five graduate programs, two accelerated graduate programs, six dual-degree programs and undergraduate majors and minors in business and economics. The school was established in 1994 as the Graduate School of International Economics and Finance, offering a PhD in International Economics and Finance and Master of Arts in International Economics and Finance (MA). In 1998, the school launched the Master of Business Administration (MBA) and Master of Science in finance (MSF) programs. In 2003, the school changed its name to Brandeis International Business School. In 2018, the school launched the Master of Science in business analytics (MSBA) program. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Rabb_School_of_Continuing_Studies">The Rabb School of Continuing Studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Rabb School of Continuing Studies">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center,_Brandeis_University,_Waltham_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/220px-Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/330px-Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/440px-Carl_J_Shapiro_Science_Center%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Carl J. Shapiro Science Center (2009, Payette)</figcaption></figure> With more than 4,000 enrollments a year,<a href="#cite_note-4,000_Students_a_Year-135">[135]</a> the Rabb School of Continuing Studies develops educational offerings across four distinct divisions. It provides professional development opportunities through degree programs, personal enrichment and lifelong learning. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences">Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">edit</a>]</div> One of four graduate schools on campus, the <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</a> (GSAS) offers over 40 programs, 18 of which are doctoral programs. Brandeis graduate students are eligible to cross-register for courses at Boston College, Boston University, Tufts University, and the Graduate Consortium in Women's Studies at MIT. Brandeis is also a member of the Boston Library Consortium,<a href="#cite_note-Boston_Library_Consortium-136">[136]</a> composed of 18 academic and research institutions in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rose_Art_Museum">Rose Art Museum</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rose Art Museum">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rose_Art_Museum" title="Rose Art Museum">Rose Art Museum</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Art_Museum,_Brandeis_University,_Waltham_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/220px-Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/330px-Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg/440px-Rose_Art_Museum%2C_Brandeis_University%2C_Waltham_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Rose Art Museum (1961, Harrison & Abramovitz)</figcaption></figure> Established in 1961, the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Art_Museum" title="Rose Art Museum">Rose Art Museum</a> is a museum dedicated to 20th- and 21st-century art. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Library">Library</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Library">edit</a>]</div> The Brandeis Library<a href="#cite_note-Library-137">[137]</a> provides resources and services to support research, scholarship, teaching, and learning on campus. The library manages more than 1,500,000 physical volumes, and more than 600,000 electronic books, as well as electronic journals and online databases. As part of the library, the Robert D. Farber University Archives & Special Collections Department houses Brandeis University's unique and rare primary sources, which support teaching, research and scholarship at the university and beyond. The department comprises University Archives, containing materials related to Brandeis University, and Special Collections, including rare books, original manuscripts dating from the 13th to 21st centuries, unique primary source material, and a wide variety of visual material.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1047px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Campus buildings viewed from Starr Plaza (1997, Pressley Associates), left to right: Shapiro Campus Center (2002, Charles Rose architects); Gryzmish Center (1959, Hugh Stubbins); Irving Presidential Enclave (1959, Hugh Stubbins); Bernstein-Marcus Administration Center (1959, Hugh Stubbins)."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg/1039px-Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1039" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg/1559px-Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg/2078px-Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16382" data-file-height="3628" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Brandeis University Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Campus buildings viewed from Starr Plaza (1997, Pressley Associates), left to right: Shapiro Campus Center (2002, Charles Rose architects); Gryzmish Center (1959, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Stubbins" title="Hugh Stubbins">Hugh Stubbins</a>); Irving Presidential Enclave (1959, Hugh Stubbins); Bernstein-Marcus Administration Center (1959, Hugh Stubbins).</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Academics">edit</a>]</div> The schools of the university include: <ul><li>College of Arts and Sciences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller_School_for_Social_Policy_and_Management" title="Heller School for Social Policy and Management">Heller School for Social Policy and Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabb_School_of_Summer_and_Continuing_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabb School of Summer and Continuing Studies">Rabb School of Summer and Continuing Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_International_Business_School" title="Brandeis International Business School">Brandeis International Business School</a></li></ul> The College of Arts and Sciences comprises 24 departments and 22 interdepartmental programs, which, in total, offer 43 majors and 47 minors. The Heller School for Social Policy and Management, founded in 1959, has graduate programs in healthcare administration, social policy, social work, and international development.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Internships, research assistantships and other hands-on experiences are available throughout the curriculum. The global and experiential dimensions of education at Brandeis are carried out through international centers and institutes, which sponsor lectures and colloquia and add to the ranks of distinguished scholars on campus. The Brandeis University Press, a member of the University Press of New England, publishes books in a variety of scholarly and general interest fields. The Goldfarb Library at Brandeis has more than 1.6 million volumes and 300,000 e-journals. The library also houses a large United States Government archive. Brandeis University is a part of the Boston Library Consortium, which allows its students, faculty, and staff to access and borrow books and other materials from other BLC institutions including <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cohen_Center_for_Modern_Jewish_Studies">Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies">edit</a>]</div> In 1980, Brandeis University established the Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> the first academic center devoted to the study of Jewish life in the United States. The Cohen Center's work spans basic research on Jewish identity to applied educational evaluation studies. The center's recent signature studies include research with participants in <a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Taglit-Birthright Israel</a>, investigations of synagogue transformation, analyses of Jewish summer camping, and socio-demographic studies of Jewish communities throughout the United States. CMJS research has altered the understanding of contemporary Jewish life and the role of Jewish institutions in the United States. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schuster_Institute_for_Investigative_Journalism">Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism">edit</a>]</div> The Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism was launched in September 2004 as the first investigative reporting center based at a United States university.<a href="#cite_note-Schuster-wind-down-141">[141]</a> It was named for founding benefactors <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Schuster" title="Elaine Schuster">Elaine Schuster</a> and Gerald Schuster. The institute's major projects were: <ul><li>the Political & Social Justice Project</li> <li>the Justice Brandeis Innocence Project</li> <li>the Gender & Justice Project.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li></ul> The Schuster Institute closed at the end of 2018 due to financial considerations.<a href="#cite_note-Schuster-wind-down-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steinhardt_Social_Research_Institute">Steinhardt Social Research Institute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Steinhardt Social Research Institute">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg/220px-Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg/330px-Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg/440px-Brandeis-womens-studies-research-center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3793" data-file-height="2790" /></a><figcaption>Women's Studies Research Center</figcaption></figure> The Steinhardt Social Research Institute<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> was created in 2005 from a gift from <a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinhardt" title="Michael Steinhardt">Michael Steinhardt</a> as a forum to collect, analyze, and disseminate data about the Jewish community and about religion and ethnicity in the United States. The first mission of SSRI was to interpret the inherent problems with the <a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Population_Survey" title="National Jewish Population Survey">National Jewish Population Survey</a> of 2000 (NJPS). SSRI has done a Jewish Population Survey of the Greater Boston area, the results of which were released on November 9, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The Institute collects and organizes existing socio-demographic data from private, communal, and government sources and will conduct local and national studies of the character of American Jewry and Jewish organizations. The work of the institute is done by a multidisciplinary staff of faculty and scholars, working with undergraduate and graduate students, and augmented by visiting scholars and consultants. The institute works in close collaboration with the Maurice and Marilyn Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_Studies_Research_Center">Women's Studies Research Center</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Women's Studies Research Center">edit</a>]</div> The WSRC, located in the Epstein Building, was founded in 2001 by Professor Emerita of Sociology <a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Reinharz" title="Shulamit Reinharz">Shulamit Reinharz</a>. It is home to three general programs: <ul><li>The Scholars Program, which consists of about 70 academic scholars from around the world who study gender through an interdisciplinary lens</li> <li>The Student-Scholar Partnership Program, which pairs Brandeis University undergraduate students with WSRC scholars for semester-long, paid research assistantships</li> <li>The Arts Program, which oversees the Kniznick Gallery, devoted to feminist artwork</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wien_International_Scholarship">Wien International Scholarship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Wien International Scholarship">edit</a>]</div> The Wien International Scholarship Program<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> was instituted by Brandeis University for international undergraduate students. It was established in 1958 by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wien" title="Lawrence Wien">Lawrence A.</a> and Mae Wien. The family had three objectives: to further international understanding, to provide foreign students an opportunity to study in the United States, and to enrich the intellectual and cultural life at Brandeis. The Wien Scholarship offers full or partial tuition awards; these awards are need-based and require the applicants to present outstanding academic and personal achievement. Each year, the recipients of the scholarship take a week-long tour of a destination in the United States. In previous years, the students have visited the United Nations in New York City, and did relief work in New Orleans following <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>. In April 2008, the university hosted a three-day-long celebration for the 50th anniversary of the program. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reputation_and_rankings">Reputation and rankings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Reputation and rankings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges">Forbes</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-146">[146]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">105</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_NU-147">[147]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings">Washington Monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_NU-148">[148]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">161</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">WSJ</a>/College Pulse<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-149">[149]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">109</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Global</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Academic_Ranking_of_World_Universities" title="Academic Ranking of World Universities">ARWU</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_ARWU-150">[150]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">301–400</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_QS_W-151">[151]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">661–670</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">THE</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_THES_W-152">[152]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">251–300</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Global_Universities_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_W-153">[153]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">409</td></tr></tbody></table> U.S. News & World Report ranked Brandeis No. 63 in its 2024 annual list of Best National Universities, and Times Higher Education ranked Brandeis No.10 in its "world’s best small universities"<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> category. Acceptance to Brandeis was characterized as "most selective".<a href="#cite_note-:0-155">[155]</a> Its doctoral program in neuroscience and neurobiology was ranked tied for No. 2 among national universities by the <a href="/wiki/National_Research_Council_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Council (United States)">National Research Council</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_International_Business_School" title="Brandeis International Business School">Brandeis International Business School</a> was ranked No. 1 by <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> from 2010 through 2013 for its Master of Arts in International Economics and Finance Program.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In 2025, the university had a ranking of 231 of 257 top colleges in a free speech ranking conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Individual_Rights_and_Expression" title="Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression">Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression</a> and College Pulse, after ranking at 148 in 2024 and at 125 in 2022/2023.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slosberg_Music_Center,_Brandeis_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/220px-Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/330px-Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg/440px-Slosberg_Music_Center%2C_Brandeis_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Slosberg Music Center</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newspaper_and_yearbook">Newspaper and yearbook</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Newspaper and yearbook">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Archon, the yearbook (1950 to 2023) <a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li>The Barrister News Ltd was a politically neutral broadside weekly newspaper with nationally syndicated features, published 1985–1991.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li>The Blowfish, a satirical newspaper founded in February 2006, is published every other Thursday. The first issue appeared inside The Hoot, and every issue since then has been published independently.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Justice_(newspaper)" title="The Justice (newspaper)">The Justice</a>, which was founded in 1949 (one year after the university's inception) is an administratively independent weekly newspaper distributed every Tuesday during term.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brandeis_Hoot" title="The Brandeis Hoot">The Brandeis Hoot</a>, founded in 2005, is an independent weekly newspaper published on Fridays.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li>Novus Guide, incoming student guide published until 2008 <a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Magazines">Magazines</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Magazines">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Louis Lunatic, founded in the winter of 2004, is a student-run sports magazine released each semester, discussing Brandeis and national sports.</li> <li>Gravity, a humor magazine founded in 1990</li> <li>Laurel Moon, a literary magazine launched in 1991</li> <li>Artemis, a feminist magazine published intermittently in the 1980s-1990s and revived during the fall 2013 semester.</li> <li>Under the Robe, an arts and entertainment social tabloid published by The Barrister 1985–1988</li> <li>Where the Children Play, a literature and arts magazine founded in 1994 by Phil Robinson and Abigail Myers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Brandeis Economic & Finance Review, founded by Jordan Caruso in 2010, is a student-run online and print publication dedicated to issues in business, economics, and finance. Nobel Laureate <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a> contributed an original article for the Fall 2010 printed publication.</li> <li>Brandeis International Journal, a student-run semesterly publication on international affairs, which became the Brandeis Journal of Politics.</li> <li>Brandeis University Law Journal, founded in 2008, is the only undergraduate-edited legal publication not affiliated with a law school in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>The Brandeis Scope reports on research occurring on the Brandeis University campus and affiliated laboratories in the sciences.</li> <li>Louis Magazine, a defunct journal of intellectual discourse, 1999–2002</li> <li>The Pulse, reports on advances in medicine; published by the Pre-Health Society</li> <li>The Open-Air Journal, a literary journal that publishes academic and creative student work in addition to weekly columns; published by students in the Heller School.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Research">edit</a>]</div> Brandeis is <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">classified</a> among <a href="/wiki/List_of_research_universities_in_the_United_States#Universities_classified_as_"R1:_Doctoral_Universities_–_Very_high_research_activity"" title="List of research universities in the United States">"R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In FY 2017, Brandeis spent $68.4 million on research and was ranked 174 in the nation by total R&D expenditure.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> These include sponsored research funds from sources including the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>; the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Health and Human Services">US Department of Health and Human Services</a> as well as a range of foundations.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The university's Division of Science encompasses seven departments (Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Psychology), five interdepartmental programs (Biochemistry & Biophysics, Biological Physics, Biotechnology, Genetic Counseling, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Neuroscience), six science centers (Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, Benjamin and Mae Volen National Center for Complex Systems, and W.M. Keck Institute for Cellular Visualization), and more than 50 laboratories<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> that investigate fundamental life processes ranging from the structure and function of individual macromolecules to the mechanisms that control the behavior of whole organisms. Faculty, postdoctoral fellows, graduate students and undergraduates investigate areas such as neuronal development and plasticity, signal transduction, immunology, the molecular basis of genetic recombination, and the three-dimensional structure of macromolecular assemblies. Brandeis science faculty include 12 National Academy of Science members,<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> three Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators,<a href="#cite_note-hhmi_inv-175">[175]</a> two Howard Hughes Medical Institute professors,<a href="#cite_note-hhmi_inv-175">[175]</a> two MacArthur Foundation Fellows,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> and 15 American Association for the Advancement of Sciences Fellows.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Brandeis undergraduate students have the opportunity to work with faculty, postdoctoral students and graduate students to conduct original laboratory research.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Brandeis also offers a number of funding resources to support independent undergraduate research projects. In 2008, Brandeis established a Science Posse program, a merit-based scholarship program that admits students based on their academic, leadership and communication skills, and their interests in studying science. Founded by Irving Epstein, the Henry F. Fischbach Professor of Chemistry, and supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute grant, the Science Posse program is focused on increasing the recruitment and retention of students from traditionally underrepresented groups in the sciences. The program recruits, trains, and provides mentoring and other services for 10 inner-city Atlanta students each year who are interested in studying science at the undergraduate level.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In 2014, the National Science Foundation renewed funding for Brandeis' Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), which was established in 2008. This center supports interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary materials research and education that address fundamental problems in science and engineering that are important to society.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In particular, the center uses simplified components to create new materials that have some of the functionalities found in living organisms. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Student life">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable floatright sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White</a> </td> <td align="right">44% </td> <td align="left">44<div style="width:88px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_national" title="Foreign national">Foreign national</a> </td> <td align="right">20% </td> <td align="left">20<div style="width:40px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:orange"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">15% </td> <td align="left">15<div style="width:30px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> </td> <td align="right">8% </td> <td align="left">8<div style="width:16px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other<a href="#cite_note-182">[a]</a> </td> <td align="right">7% </td> <td align="left">7<div style="width:14px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> </td> <td align="right">6% </td> <td align="left">6<div style="width:12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4" data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/Economic_diversity" title="Economic diversity">Economic diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_lower_class" title="American lower class">Low-income</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[b]</a> </td> <td align="right">16% </td> <td align="left">16<div style="width:32px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:red"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluent</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">84% </td> <td align="left">84<div style="width:168px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:black"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The university has an active student government, the Brandeis Student Union,<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> as well as more than 270 student organizations.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">Fraternities and sororities</a> are not officially recognized by Brandeis University, as they are contrary to a central tenet of the university, namely, that student organizations be open to all students, with membership determined by competency or interest. According to an official handbook, "exclusive or secret societies are inconsistent with the principles of openness to which the University is committed."<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> Brandeis became the first university to ban <a href="/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine" title="Students for Justice in Palestine">Students for Justice in Palestine</a> from campus, occurring shortly after a vigil hosted by SJP relating to Palestinian lives lost in the <a href="/wiki/Israel-Hamas_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hamas War">Israel-Hamas War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Brandeis has 11 <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_a_cappella" title="Collegiate a cappella">a cappella</a> groups, six undergraduate-run theater companies, one sketch comedy troupe (Boris' Kitchen, founded in 1987),<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> four <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre" title="Improvisational theatre">improv-comedy</a> groups, and many other cultural and arts clubs, as well as student activism groups that advocate for causes including environmentalism, immigration reform, LGBTQ rights, feminism, and anti-racism. Brandeis is also home to what has been cited as one of the country's few undergraduate-run law publications.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> Of particular note is the Brandeis Academic Debate and Speech Society (B.A.D.A.S.S.), which consistently ranks as one of the top 10 debate teams in the United States, and participates across the globe in the <a href="/wiki/World_Universities_Debating_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Universities Debating Championships">World Universities Debating Championships</a> each year. During the 2012–2013 school year, B.A.D.A.S.S. was the second most successful team overall on the <a href="/wiki/American_Parliamentary_Debate_Association" title="American Parliamentary Debate Association">American Parliamentary Debate Association</a> Circuit.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> Cholmondeley's coffeehouse, commonly referred to as "Chums", is located in Brandeis' <a href="/wiki/Usen_Castle" title="Usen Castle">Usen Castle</a>. Chums is a popular site for student performances and concerts, including <a href="/wiki/Tracy_Chapman" title="Tracy Chapman">Tracy Chapman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Pond_PA" title="Matt Pond PA">Matt Pond PA</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genesis_(band)" title="Genesis (band)">Genesis</a> (notable as their first American performance). Early footage of Chums appears in the short documentary film, Coffee House Rendezvous.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> Cholmondley's is named after a notoriously ill-tempered Basset hound that was the on-campus pet for Ralph Norman, the campus photographer during the first years of Brandeis. The dog roamed the campus after dark, growling at students, often nipping at their cuffs and making a general nuisance of himself. After his death, the coffee house was named for him, not so much in remembrance but in celebration.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> In 2015, in an email to student workers of the coffee house, Brandeis administration announced the immediate closure of Chums Coffeehouse, leaving said student workers unemployed. After significant pushback from the student body and alumni alike, the administration determined to make the closure temporary while the space underwent renovations.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> Brandeis University's Campus Sustainability Initiative seeks to reduce the university's environmental and climate change impact. The university's accomplishments in the arena of sustainability include the creation of a student-organized on-campus Farmers' Market, the implementation of a <a href="/wiki/Single-stream_recycling" title="Single-stream recycling">single-stream recycling</a> program, and the transition to GreenE certified wind power for 15% of the school's electricity needs.<a href="#cite_note-Sustainability_Accomplishments-196">[193]</a> Brandeis also offers an environmental studies academic program, which includes courses such as Greening the Ivory Tower: Improving Sustainability of Brandeis and Community, which serves as an incubator for student led sustainability projects.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> Student projects have included greening campus offices, running after-school environmental education programs for children in the Waltham schools, and cleaning up local streams and ponds.<a href="#cite_note-Greening_Class_Projects_2008-198">[195]</a> In addition, a student-led project in 2014 established a rooftop farm atop the Gerstenzang science building consisting of 1,500 potted milk crates.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Students also have the option of taking courses with a "Community Engaged Learning" (CEL) aspect. Community-engaged learning is an aspect of the university's broad-based commitment to experiential learning. Emergency medical services are provided by the Brandeis Emergency Medical Corps, nicknamed BEMCO, a Massachusetts-certified <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_technician-basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency medical technician-basic">EMT-Basic</a> volunteer student organization<a href="#cite_note-Gala-200">[197]</a> which does not charge a fee for any of its emergency services.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> Security escort services are provided around the campus and into Waltham by the student-run "Branvan," which runs on a daily schedule from 4:00 pm to 2:30 am on weekdays and from noon to 2:30 am on weekends. The university is 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston and is accessible through <a href="/wiki/Brandeis/Roberts_(MBTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandeis/Roberts (MBTA station)">Brandeis/Roberts station</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Fitchburg_Line" title="Fitchburg Line">Fitchburg Commuter Rail Line</a>, a free shuttle that services Boston and Cambridge (<a href="/wiki/Harvard_Square" title="Harvard Square">Harvard Square</a>) Thursday through Sunday,<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> the nearby <a href="/wiki/Riverside_(MBTA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside (MBTA station)">Riverside subway station</a> (above ground) on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">Green Line</a>, and the 553 <a href="/wiki/MBTA_bus" title="MBTA bus">MBTA bus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Undergraduate Admissions Center"><img alt="Undergraduate Admissions Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg/200px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg/300px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg/400px-Brandeis_University_Admissions_Bldg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="720" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Undergraduate Admissions Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shapiro Campus Center"><img alt="Shapiro Campus Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg/150px-Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg/225px-Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg/300px-Brandeis_University_Shapiro_Campus_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shapiro Campus Center</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Athletics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Brandeis Judges</a></div> Brandeis fields 19 <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">Division III</a> varsity athletic programs. Brandeis athletic teams compete in the <a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a> (UAA). Brandeis has won <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> team championships in men's soccer (1976)<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> and men's cross country (1983),<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> as well as 24 individual titles. Brandeis teams have earned 17 <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">NCAA Division III</a> Tournament berths and won eight Eastern Collegiate Athletic Association (ECAC) New England crowns in the last decade. Nine teams have earned national rankings, with men's and women's basketball and men's and women's soccer all ascending to the top 10 in the nation during that span.<a href="#cite_note-D3soccer.com_Men's_Top_25,_Week_3-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSCAA/Continental_Tire_NCAA_Division_III_Women's_-_National_-_Poll_3_-_September_17,_2013-207">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-D3hoops.com_men's_Top_25,_Week_3-208">[205]</a> In 2017, the men's team reached the Sweet 16 of the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_III_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship">NCAA Tournament</a> for the sixth year in a row, and reached the Final Four for the second straight year. It was the fourth straight year they finished ranked a top ten team in the country. Also earning national rankings in '13-14 were women's cross country<a href="#cite_note-USTFCCCA_NCAA_Division_III_National_Coaches'_Poll-209">[206]</a> and men's and women's tennis.<a href="#cite_note-Division_III_Men's_National_Rankings_-_March_27-210">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-Division_III_Women's_National_Rankings_Administered_by_the_ITA-211">[208]</a> Brandeis also sponsors 20 club sports. Among them, <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_frisbee" title="Ultimate frisbee">ultimate frisbee</a>, crew, archery and women's rugby have had success on a national level. The program's many intramural sports are open to students, faculty and staff. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brandeis_University_people" title="List of Brandeis University people">List of Brandeis University people</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_gallery plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. Please help improve the section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Image_galleries" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">removing excessive or indiscriminate images</a> or by <a href="/wiki/MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE">moving relevant images</a> beside adjacent text, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Manual of Style on use of images</a>. (April 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Roderick_MacKinnon,_M.D..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roderick MacKinnon (BA, 1978) Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2003"><img alt="Roderick MacKinnon (BA, 1978) Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2003" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg/120px-Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg/180px-Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg/240px-Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="685" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a> (BA, 1978) Winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 2003</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drew Weissman (BA, MA, 1981) Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023"><img alt="Drew Weissman (BA, MA, 1981) Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg/120px-Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg/180px-Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg/240px-Drew_Weissman_Life_Science_medalist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="564" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a> (BA, MA, 1981) Winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> in 2023</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Witten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edward Witten (BA, 1971) Theoretical physicist and Fields Medal recipient"><img alt="Edward Witten (BA, 1971) Theoretical physicist and Fields Medal recipient" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edward_Witten.jpg/94px-Edward_Witten.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edward_Witten.jpg/141px-Edward_Witten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Edward_Witten.jpg/188px-Edward_Witten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="2292" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (BA, 1971) Theoretical physicist and <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> recipient</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Lamport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Leslie Lamport (PhD, 1972) Turing Award–winning computer scientist and inventor of the first algorithm for reading the state of an arbitrary distributed system"><img alt="Leslie Lamport (PhD, 1972) Turing Award–winning computer scientist and inventor of the first algorithm for reading the state of an arbitrary distributed system" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/94px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/141px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/189px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> (PhD, 1972) <a href="/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award">Turing Award</a>–winning computer scientist and inventor of the first algorithm for reading the state of an arbitrary distributed system</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karen Uhlenbeck (PhD, 1968) First (and to-date only) woman to win the Abel Prize in Mathematics"><img alt="Karen Uhlenbeck (PhD, 1968) First (and to-date only) woman to win the Abel Prize in Mathematics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Uhlenbeck_Karen_1982_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="568" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a> (PhD, 1968) First (and to-date only) woman to win the <a href="/wiki/Abel_Prize" title="Abel Prize">Abel Prize</a> in Mathematics</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Eve_Marder.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eve Marder (BA, 1965) recipient of the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (2016) and National Medals of Science (2023)."><img alt="Eve Marder (BA, 1965) recipient of the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (2016) and National Medals of Science (2023)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Eve_Marder.jpg/80px-Eve_Marder.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Eve_Marder.jpg/120px-Eve_Marder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Eve_Marder.jpg/160px-Eve_Marder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eve_Marder" title="Eve Marder">Eve Marder</a> (BA, 1965) recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Kavli_Prize" title="Kavli Prize">Kavli Prize</a> in Neuroscience (2016) and <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medals of Science</a> (2023).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Zimmer (BA, 1968) Mathematician and president of the University of Chicago from 2006 to 2021"><img alt="Robert Zimmer (BA, 1968) Mathematician and president of the University of Chicago from 2006 to 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg/80px-Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg/120px-Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg/160px-Robert_Zimmer_By_Eric_Guo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zimmer" title="Robert Zimmer">Robert Zimmer</a> (BA, 1968) Mathematician and president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> from 2006 to 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Friedman_2005_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Friedman (BA, 1975) Three-time Pulitzer Prize winner"><img alt="Thomas Friedman (BA, 1975) Three-time Pulitzer Prize winner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg/89px-Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg/134px-Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg/178px-Thomas_Friedman_2005_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2756" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</a> (BA, 1975) Three-time <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Margo Jefferson (BA, 1970) Pulitzer Prize for Criticism winner"><img alt="Margo Jefferson (BA, 1970) Pulitzer Prize for Criticism winner" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg/80px-Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg/120px-Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg/160px-Margo_Jefferson_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="1124" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Margo_Jefferson" title="Margo Jefferson">Margo Jefferson</a> (BA, 1970) <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Criticism" title="Pulitzer Prize for Criticism">Pulitzer Prize for Criticism</a> winner</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vbalki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="V. Balakrishnan (physicist) (PhD, 1970) Indian theoretical physicist"><img alt="V. Balakrishnan (physicist) (PhD, 1970) Indian theoretical physicist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vbalki.jpg/94px-Vbalki.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vbalki.jpg/141px-Vbalki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vbalki.jpg/188px-Vbalki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="454" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/V._Balakrishnan_(physicist)" title="V. Balakrishnan (physicist)">V. Balakrishnan (physicist)</a> (PhD, 1970) Indian theoretical physicist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mitch Albom (BA, 1979) New York Times Best Selling Author of Tuesdays with Morrie"><img alt="Mitch Albom (BA, 1979) New York Times Best Selling Author of Tuesdays with Morrie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg/120px-Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg/180px-Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg/240px-Mitch_Albom%27s_book_signing_2010-09-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1834" data-file-height="1613" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Albom" title="Mitch Albom">Mitch Albom</a> (BA, 1979) New York Times Best Selling Author of <a href="/wiki/Tuesdays_with_Morrie" title="Tuesdays with Morrie">Tuesdays with Morrie</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Davis_crop.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Angela Davis (BA, 1965) American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author"><img alt="Angela Davis (BA, 1965) American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Angela_Davis_crop.png/120px-Angela_Davis_crop.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Angela_Davis_crop.png/180px-Angela_Davis_crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Angela_Davis_crop.png/240px-Angela_Davis_crop.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="552" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a> (BA, 1965) American political activist, philosopher, academic, and author</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Cheyer,_2008.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Adam Cheyer (BA, 1988) Co-founder of Siri and former director of engineering for the iPhone"><img alt="Adam Cheyer (BA, 1988) Co-founder of Siri and former director of engineering for the iPhone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png/92px-Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png/138px-Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png/184px-Adam_Cheyer%2C_2008.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Cheyer" title="Adam Cheyer">Adam Cheyer</a> (BA, 1988) Co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a> and former director of engineering for the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Christie_Hefner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christie Hefner (BA, 1974) Former CEO of Playboy Enterprises."><img alt="Christie Hefner (BA, 1974) Former CEO of Playboy Enterprises." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christie_Hefner.jpg/80px-Christie_Hefner.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christie_Hefner.jpg/120px-Christie_Hefner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Christie_Hefner.jpg/160px-Christie_Hefner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christie_Hefner" title="Christie Hefner">Christie Hefner</a> (BA, 1974) Former CEO of <a href="/wiki/Playboy_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Playboy Enterprises">Playboy Enterprises</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Debra Messing (BA, 1990) Emmy Award–winning actress"><img alt="Debra Messing (BA, 1990) Emmy Award–winning actress" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/86px-Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/128px-Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg/171px-Debra_Messing_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2715" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Debra_Messing" title="Debra Messing">Debra Messing</a> (BA, 1990) Emmy Award–winning actress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Kertzer (PhD 1974) Pulitzer Prize–winning historian (2014)."><img alt="David Kertzer (PhD 1974) Pulitzer Prize–winning historian (2014)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg/96px-David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg/144px-David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg/192px-David_I._Kertzer_historian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/David_Kertzer" class="mw-redirect" title="David Kertzer">David Kertzer</a> (PhD 1974) <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Biography_or_Autobiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography">Pulitzer Prize–winning</a> historian (2014).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sidney Blumenthal (BA, 1969) Journalist and political operative known for his association with President Clinton"><img alt="Sidney Blumenthal (BA, 1969) Journalist and political operative known for his association with President Clinton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg/97px-Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg/145px-Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg/193px-Sidney_blumenthal_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="861" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Blumenthal" title="Sidney Blumenthal">Sidney Blumenthal</a> (BA, 1969) Journalist and political operative known for his association with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">President Clinton</a> </div> </li> </ul> Among the better-known graduates are co-creators of the television show <a href="/wiki/Friends" title="Friends">Friends</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Crane_(producer)" title="David Crane (producer)">David Crane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marta_Kauffman" title="Marta Kauffman">Marta Kauffman</a>, political activists <a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Yvonne_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Yvonne Davis">Angela Davis</a>, journalists <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Solman" title="Paul Solman">Paul Solman</a>, Congressman <a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Solarz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen J. Solarz">Stephen J. Solarz</a>, physicist and Fields medalist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a>, mathematician and Abel Prize recipient <a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Ha_Jin" title="Ha Jin">Ha Jin</a>, political theorist <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Michael Walzer</a>, actresses <a href="/wiki/Debra_Messing" title="Debra Messing">Debra Messing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a>, philosopher <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandel" title="Michael Sandel">Michael Sandel</a>, olympic silver medalist fencer <a href="/wiki/Tim_Morehouse" title="Tim Morehouse">Tim Morehouse</a>, social and psychoanalytic theorist <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Chodorow" title="Nancy Chodorow">Nancy Chodorow</a>, author <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Albom" title="Mitch Albom">Mitch Albom</a>, filmmakers <a href="/wiki/Debra_Granik" title="Debra Granik">Debra Granik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Newman" title="Jonathan Newman">Jonathan Newman</a>, music producer <a href="/wiki/Jon_Landau" title="Jon Landau">Jon Landau</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> and computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a>. Among the distinguished faculty, present and past, are mathematician <a href="/wiki/Heisuke_Hironaka" title="Heisuke Hironaka">Heisuke Hironaka</a>, a Fields medalist, biologists and Nobel laureates <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Michael Rosbash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Jeffrey C. Hall</a>, composers <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Victor_Berger" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Victor Berger">Arthur Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Boykan" title="Martin Boykan">Martin Boykan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chasalow" title="Eric Chasalow">Eric Chasalow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Fine" title="Irving Fine">Irving Fine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Martino" title="Donald Martino">Donald Martino</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rakowski" title="David Rakowski">David Rakowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Shapero" title="Harold Shapero">Harold Shapero</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Wyner" title="Yehudi Wyner">Yehudi Wyner</a>, social theorist <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a>, psychologist <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Maslow" title="Abraham Maslow">Abraham Maslow</a>, linguist <a href="/wiki/James_Pustejovsky" title="James Pustejovsky">James Pustejovsky</a>, human rights activist <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a>, historian <a href="/wiki/David_Hackett_Fischer" title="David Hackett Fischer">David Hackett Fischer</a>, economist <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Thomas Sowell</a>, chemist <a href="/wiki/S_Katharine_Hammond" title="S Katharine Hammond">S Katharine Hammond</a>, diplomat <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ross" title="Dennis Ross">Dennis Ross</a>, children's author <a href="/wiki/Margret_Rey" title="Margret Rey">Margret Rey</a>, former United States Secretary of Labor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Robert Reich</a>, sociologist <a href="/wiki/Morrie_Schwartz" title="Morrie Schwartz">Morrie Schwartz</a>, poets <a href="/wiki/Olga_Broumas" title="Olga Broumas">Olga Broumas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a>, author <a href="/wiki/Stephen_McCauley" title="Stephen McCauley">Stephen McCauley</a>, virologist and author of <a href="/wiki/Fields_Virology" title="Fields Virology">Fields Virology</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_N._Fields" title="Bernard N. Fields">Bernard N. Fields</a> and Pulitzer Prize–winning columnist <a href="/wiki/Eileen_McNamara" title="Eileen McNamara">Eileen McNamara</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/28px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/42px-School.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/56px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brandeis_University_people" title="List of Brandeis University people">List of Brandeis University people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Jewish_Film" title="National Center for Jewish Film">National Center for Jewish Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Generation_Speaks" title="Our Generation Speaks">Our Generation Speaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstiel_Award" title="Rosenstiel Award">Rosenstiel Award</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> Other consists of <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> & those who prefer to not say. </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> The percentage of students who received an income-based federal <a href="/wiki/Pell_Grant" title="Pell Grant">Pell Grant</a> intended for low-income students. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> The percentage of students who are a part of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">American middle class</a> at the bare minimum. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819070303/http://www.brandeis.edu/gps/students/studentresources/policiesprocedures/academicintegrity.html">"Academic Integrity"</a>. Brandeis.edu. Brandeis University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/gps/students/studentresources/policiesprocedures/academicintegrity.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2011. Retrieved March 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brandeis.edu&rft.atitle=Academic+Integrity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandeis.edu%2Fgps%2Fstudents%2Fstudentresources%2Fpoliciesprocedures%2Facademicintegrity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers1954" class="citation news cs1">Summers, Eileen (May 27, 1954). "University Clocks Rapid Growth". The Washington Post. p. 55. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/148628712">148628712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=University+Clocks+Rapid+Growth&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1954-05-27&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp">NAICU – Member Directory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109231238/http://www.naicu.edu/member_center/members.asp">Archived</a> November 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> As of June 2024. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandeis.edu/investment-management/">Office of Investment Management</a> (Report). 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Brandeis University Press, distributed by University Press of New England. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach/page/18">18</a>–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87451-585-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87451-585-8"><bdi>0-87451-585-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brandeis+University%3A+A+Host+at+Last&rft.pages=18-22&rft.pub=Brandeis+University+Press%2C+distributed+by+University+Press+of+New+England&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87451-585-8&rft.aulast=Sachar&rft.aufirst=Abram+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrandeisuniversi0000sach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-disclose-24"><a href="#cite_ref-disclose_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Disclose Plans for New College". The New York Times. November 7, 1946. p. 28. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/107542398">107542398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Disclose+Plans+for+New+College&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1946-11-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Fund Growing". The New York Times. 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February 11, 1947. p. 25. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/107822860">107822860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+University+to+Open+in+Fall+of+%2748&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1947-02-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gives-up-27"><a href="#cite_ref-gives-up_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Einstein Gives Up Support of New College". The Baltimore Sun. Associated Press. June 22, 1947. p. A2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/542673850">542673850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Einstein+Gives+Up+Support+of+New+College&rft.pages=A2&rft.date=1947-06-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-severs-28"><a href="#cite_ref-severs_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Einstein Severs Relations With University Fund". The Washington Post. June 22, 1947. p. M1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/151982804">151982804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Einstein+Severs+Relations+With+University+Fund&rft.pages=M1&rft.date=1947-06-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-as-planned-29"><a href="#cite_ref-as-planned_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis University to Open As Planned". The New York Times. June 25, 1947. p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/107894324">107894324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+University+to+Open+As+Planned&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1947-06-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-charged-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charged_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-charged_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Left Bias Charged in University Row". The New York Times. June 23, 1947. p. 24. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/107902395">107902395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Left+Bias+Charged+in+University+Row&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1947-06-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Einstein Backs Two Who Quit University". The New York Times. June 30, 1947. p. 9. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/107893714">107893714</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Einstein+Backs+Two+Who+Quit+University&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1947-06-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-heads-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heads_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heads_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Sachar Heads University". The New York Times. April 27, 1948. p. 3. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/108194770">108194770</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sachar+Heads+University&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1948-04-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis University Pledged to His Ideals". The New York Times. June 15, 1948. p. 34. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/108183254">108183254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+University+Pledged+to+His+Ideals&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1948-06-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-installed-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-installed_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-installed_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton1948" class="citation news cs1">Fenton, John H. (October 8, 1948). "Sachar Installed As Brandeis Head". The New York Times. p. 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/108273404">108273404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sachar+Installed+As+Brandeis+Head&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1948-10-08&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1948" class="citation news cs1">Pearson, Drew (October 17, 1948). "Brandeis University". The Washington Post. p. M15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/152041623">152041623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Brandeis+University&rft.pages=M15&rft.date=1948-10-17&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Drew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Inaugural: University in Waltham, Mass., Establishes Four Schools". The New York Times. October 3, 1948. p. E7. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/108268080">108268080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Inaugural%3A+University+in+Waltham%2C+Mass.%2C+Establishes+Four+Schools&rft.pages=E7&rft.date=1948-10-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-expanding-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-expanding_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-expanding_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1951" class="citation news cs1">Fine, Benjamin (May 13, 1951). "Brandeis Expanding". The New York Times. p. B9. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112215962">112215962</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Expanding&rft.pages=B9&rft.date=1951-05-13&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-first-graduation-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first-graduation_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-first-graduation_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis to Hold First Graduation: 'Pilot' Class of 101 to Receive Degrees—Mrs. Roosevelt Will Deliver Address". The New York Times. June 15, 1952. p. 64. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112280587">112280587</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+to+Hold+First+Graduation%3A+%27Pilot%27+Class+of+101+to+Receive+Degrees%E2%80%94Mrs.+Roosevelt+Will+Deliver+Address&rft.pages=64&rft.date=1952-06-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brandeis-builds-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brandeis-builds_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandeis-builds_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brandeis-builds_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Builds: Facilities Will Be Provided for Graduate Science Studies". The New York Times. January 31, 1954. p. E9. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113152034">113152034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Builds%3A+Facilities+Will+Be+Provided+for+Graduate+Science+Studies&rft.pages=E9&rft.date=1954-01-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Interracial Award Established At Brandeis University". Atlanta Daily World. August 8, 1950. p. 2. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/490919935">490919935</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlanta+Daily+World&rft.atitle=Interracial+Award+Established+At+Brandeis+University&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1950-08-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-slater-41"><a href="#cite_ref-slater_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaterSlater1999" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Elinor; Slater, Robert (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat/page/121">Great Moments in Jewish History</a>. Jonathan David Company, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatmomentsinje00slat/page/121">121–123</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8246-0408-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8246-0408-3"><bdi>0-8246-0408-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Moments+in+Jewish+History&rft.pages=121-123&rft.pub=Jonathan+David+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8246-0408-3&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Elinor&rft.au=Slater%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatmomentsinje00slat%2Fpage%2F121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Mrs. Roosevelt Joins Board of Brandeis U.". The New York Times. June 18, 1949. p. 15. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/105958940">105958940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mrs.+Roosevelt+Joins+Board+of+Brandeis+U.&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1949-06-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Proskauer on Brandeis Board". The New York Times. February 17, 1950. p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/111518559">111518559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Proskauer+on+Brandeis+Board&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1950-02-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis U. to Expand: President Announces Plans to Build Student Dormitories". The New York Times. February 20, 1950. p. 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/111518559">111518559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+U.+to+Expand%3A+President+Announces+Plans+to+Build+Student+Dormitories&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1950-02-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Starts Athletic Field". The New York Times. May 29, 1950. p. 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/111645250">111645250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Starts+Athletic+Field&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1950-05-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Freshmen on Top". The New York Times. October 1, 1950. p. 162. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/111395437">111395437</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Freshmen+on+Top&rft.pages=162&rft.date=1950-10-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brandeis_Loses_Opener,_33-20-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Brandeis_Loses_Opener,_33-20_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Loses Opener, 33-20". The New York Times. September 30, 1951. p. 128. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112140418">112140418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Loses+Opener%2C+33-20&rft.pages=128&rft.date=1951-09-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Zellner, Bob (October 6, 1951). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/712703472/">Much-Penalized Brandeis Downs Hofstra by 24-13</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720225111/https://www.newspapers.com/image/712703472/">Archived</a> July 20, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Newsday (Long Island, New York). p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Brandeis_Wins,_25-7-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Brandeis_Wins,_25-7_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Wins, 25-7". The Washington Post. October 14, 1951. p. C5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/152355750">152355750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Wins%2C+25-7&rft.pages=C5&rft.date=1951-10-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Roberts, Ernie (December 30, 1951). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/433527950/">De-Emphasis Trend Hits College Football</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630221259/https://www.newspapers.com/image/433527950/">Archived</a> June 30, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Boston Globe. p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis U. Starts Its Amphitheatre". The New York Times. February 24, 1952. p. 74. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112534800">112534800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+U.+Starts+Its+Amphitheatre&rft.pages=74&rft.date=1952-02-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-festival-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-festival_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-festival_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-festival_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaubman1952" class="citation news cs1">Taubman, Howard (June 13, 1952). "Brandeis U. Begins Festival of Arts". The New York Times. p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112247624">112247624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+U.+Begins+Festival+of+Arts&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1952-06-13&rft.aulast=Taubman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaubman1952" class="citation news cs1">Taubman, Howard (June 14, 1952). "Bernstein Opera Has Its Premiere". The New York Times. p. 12. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112268443">112268443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bernstein+Opera+Has+Its+Premiere&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1952-06-14&rft.aulast=Taubman&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Graduates 101 in Its First Class". The New York Times. June 17, 1952. p. 25. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112287529">112287529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Graduates+101+in+Its+First+Class&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1952-06-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachar1995" class="citation book cs1">Sachar, Abram L. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach">Brandeis University: A Host At Last</a>. Brandeis University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/brandeisuniversi0000sach/page/38">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874515855" title="Special:BookSources/9780874515855"><bdi>9780874515855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brandeis+University%3A+A+Host+At+Last&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Brandeis+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780874515855&rft.aulast=Sachar&rft.aufirst=Abram+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbrandeisuniversi0000sach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Douglas Gets Degree: Senator Honored at Brandeis—Urges Values in Red Fight". The New York Times. June 15, 1953. p. 27. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112720176">112720176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Douglas+Gets+Degree%3A+Senator+Honored+at+Brandeis%E2%80%94Urges+Values+in+Red+Fight&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1953-06-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/172194412/">Arthur Berger to Teach at Brandeis University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630211124/https://www.newspapers.com/image/172194412/">Archived</a> June 30, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Philadelphia Inquirer. July 26, 1953. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis Dedicates Its Graduate School". The New York Times. January 15, 1954. p. 21. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113153688">113153688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+Dedicates+Its+Graduate+School&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1954-01-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-interfaith-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interfaith_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interfaith_59-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-interfaith_59-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis to Build Interfaith Center". The New York Times. May 13, 1954. p. 26. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/112935577">112935577</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+to+Build+Interfaith+Center&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1954-05-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-catholic-60"><a href="#cite_ref-catholic_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton1955" class="citation news cs1">Fenton, John H. (September 10, 1955). "Catholic Chapel at Brandeis Open: Cushing, at Dedication on Campus, Lauds University for Aid to Religion". The New York Times. p. 19. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113254552">113254552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Catholic+Chapel+at+Brandeis+Open%3A+Cushing%2C+at+Dedication+on+Campus%2C+Lauds+University+for+Aid+to+Religion&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1955-09-10&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-three-chapels-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-three-chapels_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-three-chapels_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"3 Brandeis Chapels will be Dedicated". The New York Times. October 23, 1955. p. 111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113339821">113339821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=3+Brandeis+Chapels+will+be+Dedicated&rft.pages=111&rft.date=1955-10-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19560831-01.1.31">"Izler Solomon Named Symphony Head in 1956"</a>. Indianapolis: The National Jewish Post. August 31, 1956. p. 32. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210741/https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19560831-01.1.31">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2018. Retrieved November 3, 2018. <q>It was learned this month that former Indianapolis resident Jack Goldfarb of New York City gave a million-dollar gift to build a library at Brandeis university in Waltham, Mass. The library will be named in his honor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Izler+Solomon+Named+Symphony+Head+in+1956&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1956-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.library.in.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Findiana%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DJPOST19560831-01.1.31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gets-gift-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gets-gift_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gets-gift_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gets-gift_63-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Brandeis University Gets Gift of $1,000,000 for Library". The New York Times. April 12, 1956. p. 49. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113609504">113609504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Brandeis+University+Gets+Gift+of+%241%2C000%2C000+for+Library&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1956-04-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statue-64"><a href="#cite_ref-statue_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Memorial to Brandeis: 9-Foot Statue of Justice to Be Unveiled Nov. 13". The New York Times. April 15, 1956. p. 39. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/113897312">113897312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Memorial+to+Brandeis%3A+9-Foot+Statue+of+Justice+to+Be+Unveiled+Nov.+13&rft.pages=39&rft.date=1956-04-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statue2-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statue2_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statue2_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardillo2016" class="citation news cs1">Cardillo, Julian (April 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2016/april/louis-brandeis-statue-tbt.html">"Louis Brandeis statue enlivens campus"</a>. 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Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.d3soccer.com&rft.atitle=D3soccer.com+Men%27s+Top+25%2C+Week+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d3soccer.com%2Ftop25%2Fmen%2F2013%2Fweek3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSCAA/Continental_Tire_NCAA_Division_III_Women's_-_National_-_Poll_3_-_September_17,_2013-207"><a href="#cite_ref-NSCAA/Continental_Tire_NCAA_Division_III_Women's_-_National_-_Poll_3_-_September_17,_2013_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140625155811/http://www.nscaatv.com/rankings/2274/NCAADivisionIII/women/National/Poll3">"NSCAA/Continental Tire NCAA Division III Women's – National – Poll 3 – September 17, 2013"</a>. www.nscaatv.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nscaatv.com/rankings/2274/NCAADivisionIII/women/National/Poll3">the original</a> on June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nscaatv.com&rft.atitle=NSCAA%2FContinental+Tire+NCAA+Division+III+Women%27s+%E2%80%93+National+%E2%80%93+Poll+3+%E2%80%93+September+17%2C+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nscaatv.com%2Frankings%2F2274%2FNCAADivisionIII%2Fwomen%2FNational%2FPoll3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-D3hoops.com_men's_Top_25,_Week_3-208"><a href="#cite_ref-D3hoops.com_men's_Top_25,_Week_3_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.d3hoops.com/top25/men/2007-08/week3">"D3hoops.com men's Top 25, Week 3"</a>. www.d3hoops.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129133704/http://www.d3hoops.com/top25/men/2007-08/week3">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.d3hoops.com&rft.atitle=D3hoops.com+men%27s+Top+25%2C+Week+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.d3hoops.com%2Ftop25%2Fmen%2F2007-08%2Fweek3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USTFCCCA_NCAA_Division_III_National_Coaches'_Poll-209"><a href="#cite_ref-USTFCCCA_NCAA_Division_III_National_Coaches'_Poll_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ustfccca.org/assets/rankings/div3/2013-xc/Div3_XC_2013_Week8_National-Summary.pdf">"USTFCCCA NCAA Division III National Coaches' Poll"</a> (PDF). www.ustfccca.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140411150050/http://www.ustfccca.org/assets/rankings/div3/2013-xc/Div3_XC_2013_Week8_National-Summary.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ustfccca.org&rft.atitle=USTFCCCA+NCAA+Division+III+National+Coaches%27+Poll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustfccca.org%2Fassets%2Frankings%2Fdiv3%2F2013-xc%2FDiv3_XC_2013_Week8_National-Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Division_III_Men's_National_Rankings_-_March_27-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Division_III_Men's_National_Rankings_-_March_27_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140403132648/http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Men_s_Rankings/Division_III_Men_s_National_Rankings_-_March_27.htm">"Division III Men's National Rankings – March 27"</a>. www.itatennis.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Men_s_Rankings/Division_III_Men_s_National_Rankings_-_March_27.htm">the original</a> on April 3, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itatennis.com&rft.atitle=Division+III+Men%27s+National+Rankings+%E2%80%93+March+27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itatennis.com%2FAwardsAndRankings%2FRankings%2F2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Men_s_Rankings%2FDivision_III_Men_s_National_Rankings_-_March_27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Division_III_Women's_National_Rankings_Administered_by_the_ITA-211"><a href="#cite_ref-Division_III_Women's_National_Rankings_Administered_by_the_ITA_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140420024104/http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm">"Division III Women's National Rankings Administered by the ITA"</a>. www.itatennis.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itatennis.com/AwardsAndRankings/Rankings/2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings/Division_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm">the original</a> on April 20, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itatennis.com&rft.atitle=Division+III+Women%27s+National+Rankings+Administered+by+the+ITA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itatennis.com%2FAwardsAndRankings%2FRankings%2F2013-14_ITA_Division_III_Women_s_Rankings%2FDivision_III_Women_s_National_Rankings_-_April_10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2013/summer/featured-stories/bq-landau.html">"Jon Landau '68 | Brandeis Magazine"</a>. Brandeis Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905100844/http://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2013/summer/featured-stories/bq-landau.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brandeis+Magazine&rft.atitle=Jon+Landau+%2768+%7C+Brandeis+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandeis.edu%2Fmagazine%2F2013%2Fsummer%2Ffeatured-stories%2Fbq-landau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasternack1988" class="citation book cs1">Pasternack, Susan, ed. (1988). From the Beginning: A Picture History of the First Four Decades of Brandeis University. Brandeis University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0962954504" title="Special:BookSources/978-0962954504"><bdi>978-0962954504</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Beginning%3A+A+Picture+History+of+the+First+Four+Decades+of+Brandeis+University&rft.pub=Brandeis+University&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0962954504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSachar1995" class="citation book cs1">Sachar, Abram L. (October 15, 1995). Brandeis University: A Host at Last. <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University_Press" title="Brandeis University Press">Brandeis University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874515855" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874515855"><bdi>978-0874515855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brandeis+University%3A+A+Host+at+Last&rft.pub=Brandeis+University+Press&rft.date=1995-10-15&rft.isbn=978-0874515855&rft.aulast=Sachar&rft.aufirst=Abram+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"> (a scholarly history of the school)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfieldKrasner2015" class="citation journal cs1">Whitfield, Stephen J.; Krasner, Jonathan B. (February 2015). "Jewish liberalism and racial grievance in the sixties: The ordeal of Brandeis University". <a href="/wiki/Modern_Judaism" title="Modern Judaism">Modern Judaism</a>. 35 (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 18–41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmj%2Fkju019">10.1093/mj/kju019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Judaism&rft.atitle=Jewish+liberalism+and+racial+grievance+in+the+sixties%3A+The+ordeal+of+Brandeis+University&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmj%2Fkju019&rft.aulast=Whitfield&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft.au=Krasner%2C+Jonathan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrandeis+University" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandeis_University&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brandeis_University" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeis.edu/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandeisjudges.com/">Official athletics website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Brandeis_International_Business_School" title="Brandeis International Business School">Brandeis International Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Brandeis University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences">Graduate School of Arts and Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/100px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/150px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG/200px-Brandeis-Usen_Castle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003478; color:white;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brandeis_University_people" title="List of Brandeis University people">List of Brandeis University people</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003478; color:white;width:1%">Campus life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Brandeis Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBRS" title="WBRS">WBRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceMale" title="VoiceMale">VoiceMale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brandeis_Hoot" title="The Brandeis Hoot">The Brandeis Hoot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003478; color:white;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Usen_Castle" title="Usen Castle">Usen Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University_President%27s_House" title="Brandeis University President's House">President's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Art_Museum" title="Rose Art Museum">Rose Art Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#003478; color:white;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Jewish_Film" title="National Center for Jewish Film">National Center for Jewish Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstiel_Award" title="Rosenstiel Award">Rosenstiel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeis_blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandeis blue">Brandeis Blue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="University_Athletic_Association103" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#385bac; color:#FFFFFF; border: 2px solid #f82b00"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_Athletic_Association_navbox" title="Template:University Athletic Association navbox"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_Athletic_Association_navbox" title="Template talk:University Athletic Association navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_Athletic_Association_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University Athletic Association navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_Athletic_Association103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_Athletic_Association" title="University Athletic Association">University Athletic Association</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandeis</a> <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_Judges" title="Brandeis Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a> <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_Tartans" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Mellon Tartans">Tartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a> <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_Spartans" title="Case Western Reserve Spartans">Spartans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Maroons" title="Chicago Maroons">Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a> <a href="/wiki/Emory_Eagles" title="Emory Eagles">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a> <a href="/wiki/NYU_Violets" title="NYU Violets">Violets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a> <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Yellowjackets" title="Rochester Yellowjackets">Yellowjackets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University</a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_Bears" title="Washington University Bears">Bears</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Template:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Template talk:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston">Colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babson_College" title="Babson College">Babson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology">Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley_University" title="Bentley University">Bentley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berklee_College_of_Music" title="Berklee College of Music">Berklee College of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Architectural_College" title="Boston Architectural College">Boston Architectural College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Baptist_College" title="Boston Baptist College">Boston Baptist College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Conservatory">Boston Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Graduate_School_of_Psychoanalysis" title="Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis">Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandeis University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Community_College" title="Bunker Hill Community College">Bunker Hill Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_College" title="Cambridge College">Cambridge College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_College" title="Curry College">Curry College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Nazarene_College" title="Eastern Nazarene College">Eastern Nazarene College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_College" title="Emerson College">Emerson College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Emmanuel College (Massachusetts)">Emmanuel College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_College" title="Fisher College">Fisher College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_College" title="Hebrew College">Hebrew College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_College_and_Holy_Cross_Greek_Orthodox_School_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic College and Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology">Hellenic College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hult_International_Business_School" title="Hult International Business School">Hult International Business School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour%C3%A9_College" title="Labouré College">Labouré College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasell_University" title="Lasell University">Lasell University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesley_University" title="Lesley University">Lesley University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longy_School_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Longy School of Music">Longy School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Community_College" title="Massachusetts Bay Community College">Massachusetts Bay Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Art_and_Design" title="Massachusetts College of Art and Design">Massachusetts College of Art and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Pharmacy_and_Health_Sciences" title="Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences">Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGH_Institute_of_Health_Professions" title="MGH Institute of Health Professions">MGH Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_College_of_Optometry" title="New England College of Optometry">New England College of Optometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory_of_Music" title="New England Conservatory of Music">New England Conservatory of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="New England School of Law">New England School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_Community_College" title="North Shore Community College">North Shore Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_College" title="Quincy College">Quincy College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Community_College" title="Roxbury Community College">Roxbury Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Seminary_(Massachusetts)" title="Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts)">St. John's Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simmons_University" title="Simmons University">Simmons University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_University" title="Suffolk University">Suffolk University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Boston" title="University of Massachusetts Boston">University of Massachusetts Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_College_of_Boston" title="Urban College of Boston">Urban College of Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Institute_of_Technology" title="Wentworth Institute of Technology">Wentworth Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_College" title="William James College">William James College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Template talk:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_American_Universities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of American Universities"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_American_Universities237" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Universities" title="Association of American Universities">Association of American Universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_University" title="Arizona State University">Arizona State</a></li> <li>California <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder" title="University of Colorado Boulder">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_Urbana-Champaign" title="University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li>New York <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_University" title="Stony Brook University">Stony Brook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh" title="University of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">South Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color: #ffffff; background-color: #003c7a; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">Private</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston U</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_University" title="Emory University">Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">Notre Dame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">NYU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulane_University" title="Tulane University">Tulane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4239456-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80072552">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12236318r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12236318r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35021323">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2009542765&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000199909&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811987577005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259076605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/31cd2e4f-1fa9-4813-9604-3204863ed7b5">MusicBrainz place</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04641404?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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