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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="ویلیام هایدن انقلیش – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام هایدن انقلیش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Hayden English" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4" title="ویلیام هایدن انگلیش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام هایدن انگلیش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Hayden English" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9" title="ויליאם אינגליש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם אינגליש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B4" title="ويليام هايدن انجلش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام هايدن انجلش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ウィリアム・ヘイデン・イングリッシュ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ヘイデン・イングリッシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Hayden English" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="William Hayden English" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" title="威廉·海登·英格利希 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·海登·英格利希" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">19th-century American politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">William H. English</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamHEnglish.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/WilliamHEnglish.png/220px-WilliamHEnglish.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/WilliamHEnglish.png/330px-WilliamHEnglish.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/WilliamHEnglish.png/440px-WilliamHEnglish.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Indiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1861</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_L._Dunham" title="Cyrus L. Dunham">Cyrus L. Dunham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Cravens" title="James A. Cravens">James A. Cravens</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Indiana_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives">Speaker of the Indiana House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 8, 1852 – June 21, 1852</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">John Wesley Davis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Oliver Brooks Torbet</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /><a href="/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">Indiana House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1851–1853</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Hayden English</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1822-08-27</span>)</span>August 27, 1822<br /><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Indiana" title="Lexington, Indiana">Lexington, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 7, 1896<span style="display:none">(1896-02-07)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Hill_Cemetery" title="Crown Hill Cemetery">Crown Hill Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Emma Jackson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/William_E._English" title="William E. English">William</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hanover_College" title="Hanover College">Hanover College</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Hayden English</b> (August 27, 1822 – February 7, 1896) was an American politician. He served as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> from 1853 to 1861 and was the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>'s nominee for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> in <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a>. </p><p>English retired from the House in 1861, but remained involved in party affairs. In the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> he was a <a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrat</a>, supporting the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> war effort. As well as pursuing a political career, he was an author and businessman. He owned an opera house, was president of a bank, and developed many residential properties. English was successful in business, and became one of the wealthiest men in Indiana. After nearly two decades in the private sector, English returned to political life as the Democratic nominee for vice president in 1880. English and his presidential running mate, <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a>, lost narrowly to their <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republican</a> opponents, <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_early_career">Family and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Hayden English was born August 27, 1822 in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Indiana" title="Lexington, Indiana">Lexington, Indiana</a>, the only son of Elisha Gale English and his wife, Mahala (Eastin) English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both his parents were <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> natives from <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaveholding</a> families of English and French <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> ancestry. They moved to southern Indiana in 1818. Elisha English quickly became involved in local politics as a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>, serving in the state legislature as well as building a prominent business career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19088_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19088-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William English was educated in the local public schools, later attending <a href="/wiki/Hanover_College" title="Hanover College">Hanover College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left college after three years and began to <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">read law</a>. In 1840, English was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)">bar</a> at the age of eighteen and soon built a practice in his native <a href="/wiki/Scott_County,_Indiana" title="Scott County, Indiana">Scott County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started early in politics as well, attending the state Democratic convention that same year and giving speeches on behalf of the Democratic presidential candidate, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the end of 1842, English was mentored by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Indiana" title="Lieutenant Governor of Indiana">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Jesse D. Bright</a>, who helped him rise within Bright's faction of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBright_1934370–392_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBright_1934370–392-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_House_of_Representatives" title="Indiana House of Representatives">Indiana House of Representatives</a> selected English as their clerk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1844, he worked the campaign trail, this time in the service of presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_marriage">Politics and marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics and marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a reward, after Polk took office in 1845, he granted English a <a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">patronage</a> appointment as a clerk in the federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury Department</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English held this position for four years, during which time he met Emma Mardulia Jackson. They married in November 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children: <a href="/wiki/William_Eastin_English" class="mw-redirect" title="William Eastin English">William Eastin</a> and Rosalind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English attended the <a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, where he supported <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a>, the eventual presidential nominee. With the election of the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a>'s candidate, <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>, to the presidency, a Whig party member replaced English at the Treasury Department. He secured a job as clerk to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Claims" title="United States Senate Committee on Claims">Claims Committee</a> through party connections;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> serving until 1850 in Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English and his wife then returned to Indiana, where he worked as secretary to the Indiana constitutional convention.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Democrats were in the majority at the convention, and their proposals were incorporated into the new law, including increasing the number of elective offices, guaranteeing a <a href="/wiki/Homestead_exemption" title="Homestead exemption">homestead exemption</a>, and restricting voting rights to white men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953136–139_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953136–139-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_Negroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Negroes">Free blacks</a> had formerly had suffrage in the state. The voters approved the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana#Constitution_of_1851" title="Constitution of Indiana">new constitution</a> by a large majority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953141_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953141-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1851, English won his first election to the state House of Representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it was the first meeting of the legislature under the 1851 constitution, English's knowledge of it contributed to his election as speaker of the House at the age of twenty-nine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House had a Democratic majority and, at Bright's direction, English worked for the election of <a href="/wiki/Graham_N._Fitch" title="Graham N. Fitch">Graham N. Fitch</a>, a member of Bright's faction of the party, to the U.S. Senate. The legislature chose a different Democrat, <a href="/wiki/John_Pettit" title="John Pettit">John Pettit</a>, instead.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holding the office of Speaker increased English's influence throughout the state; in 1852, the Democrats chose him as their nominee for the federal House of Representatives from the newly reconfigured <a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Democrats were victorious in the <a href="/wiki/1852_and_1853_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1852 and 1853 United States House of Representatives elections">election that October</a>, sweeping all but one House seat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English defeated his Whig opponent 55% – 45% and joined the <a href="/wiki/33rd_United_States_Congress" title="33rd United States Congress">33rd Congress</a> when it convened in Washington in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubin1998164_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubin1998164-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English's time in Congress, much like the rest of his political career, can be seen as pragmatic. While he morally abhorred slavery, he condemned <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> and believed in the notion of "popular sovereignty," which argued that the people of a state or territory should choose for themselves whether to have slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained his opinion in a speech in 1854: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sir, I am a native of a free State [sic], and have no love for the institution of slavery. Aside from the moral question involved, I regard it as an injury to the State where it exists….But sir, I never can forget that we are a confederacy of States, possessing equal rights, under our glorious Constitution. That if the people of Kentucky believe the institution of slavery would be conducive to their happiness, they have the same right to establish and maintain that we of Indiana have to reject it; and this doctrine is just as applicable to States hereafter to be admitted as to those already in the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Congress">Congress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kansas–Nebraska_Act"><span id="Kansas.E2.80.93Nebraska_Act"></span>Kansas–Nebraska Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kansas–Nebraska Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Representatives convened for the 33rd Congress in December 1853. At that time, the simmering disagreement between the <a href="/wiki/Slave_and_free_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave and free states">free and slave states</a> heated up with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>, proposed by Illinois Democrat <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a>, which would open the <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> territories to slavery, an implicit repeal of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> of 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990536–565_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990536–565-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intended to quiet national agitation over slavery by shifting the decision to local settlers, Douglas's proposal instead inflamed anti-slavery sentiment in the North by allowing the possibility of slavery's expansion to territories held as free soil for three decades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990554–565_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990554–565-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English, a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Territories" title="United States House Committee on Territories">Committee on Territories</a>, thought the bill was unnecessary and disagreed with its timing; when the committee approved the bill, English wrote a minority report to that effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was not altogether opposed to the principle of <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Popular sovereignty in the United States">popular sovereignty</a>, however, believing that "each organized community ought to be allowed to decide for itself".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northern Democrats divided almost evenly on the bill, but English, despite his stated reservations, was among those who voted for it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In doing so, he said that Congress was bound to respect the decision of the territories' residents and pledged to uphold their decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> signed the bill into law on May 30, 1854. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Stephens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photograph of a man, seated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Alexander_Stephens.jpg/220px-Alexander_Stephens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Alexander_Stephens.jpg/330px-Alexander_Stephens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Alexander_Stephens.jpg/440px-Alexander_Stephens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2988" data-file-height="4023" /></a><figcaption>English worked with Senator <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Alexander H. Stephens</a> on the compromise legislation later called the English Bill.</figcaption></figure><p> The Kansas–Nebraska Act was grossly unpopular across the North. The reaction ultimately killed the Whig Party, weakened northern Democrats, and brought about a new party, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling200761–96_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling200761–96-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only 3 of 42 free-state representatives were reelected after voting for it; English was one of them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810Freehling1990559_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810Freehling1990559-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English was a conservative Democrat, and his southern Indiana district, while not pro-slavery, also had little sympathy for abolitionism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElbert19748_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElbert19748-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was reelected again in 1856, when the Democrats regained the House majority in the <a href="/wiki/35th_United_States_Congress" title="35th United States Congress">35th Congress</a>. The Speaker, <a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">James Lawrence Orr</a>, assigned English to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Post_Roads" title="United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads">Post Office and Post Roads Committee</a>, but the issue of Kansas claimed more of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_Bill">English Bill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: English Bill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/English_Bill_(1858)" title="English Bill (1858)">English Bill (1858)</a></div> <p>In December 1857, in an election boycotted by free-state partisans, Kansas adopted the pro-slavery <a href="/wiki/Lecompton_Constitution" title="Lecompton Constitution">Lecompton Constitution</a> and petitioned Congress to be admitted as a slave state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, a Democrat, urged that Congress take up the matter, and the Senate approved a bill to admit Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was defeated in the House, 112–120. English found the process by which the pro-slavery Kansans forced through their constitution inadequate, and voted against admission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress continued to debate the matter for months without resolution. English and <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> Democrat <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Stephens" title="Alexander H. Stephens">Alexander H. Stephens</a> came up with a compromise measure, later called the English Bill.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English Bill offered Kansas admission as a slave state, but only if the people endorsed that choice in a referendum. The Bill also required Kansans to renounce the unusually large grant of federal lands they had requested in the Lecompton Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kansas voters could, thus, reject Lecompton by the face-saving measure of turning down the smaller land grant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress passed the English Bill, and Kansans duly rejected their pro-slavery constitution by a ratio of six to one.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of English's political allies, including Bright (now a senator), would have preferred that Kansas be admitted as a slave state, but the decision was popular enough in his district to allow English to be reelected in 1858 with a majority of 56% to 44%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubin1998181_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubin1998181-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_career">Business career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Business career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-and-white picture of a large builing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg/220px-English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg/330px-English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg/440px-English_Opera_House_Indianapolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>English's Opera House</figcaption></figure> <p>English declined to run for reelection in 1860 but he gave several speeches advocating compromise and moderation in the growing North-South divide. After <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s election that year, English urged Southerners not to secede.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190812_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190812-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Secession" title="Ordinance of Secession">southern secession occurred</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> began, Governor <a href="/wiki/Oliver_P._Morton" title="Oliver P. Morton">Oliver P. Morton</a> offered English command of a regiment, but he declined it since he had no military knowledge or interests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English, however, supported Morton's (and indirectly Lincoln's) war policies and considered himself a <a href="/wiki/War_Democrat" title="War Democrat">War Democrat</a>. English lent money to the state government to cover the expenses of outfitting the troops and served as <a href="/wiki/Provost_marshal" title="Provost marshal">provost marshal</a> for the 2nd congressional district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After retiring from Congress, English spent a year at his home in Scott County before he relocated to <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, the state capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English and ten associates (including <a href="/wiki/James_Lanier" title="James Lanier">James Lanier</a>) organized the <a href="/w/index.php?title=First_National_Bank_of_Indianapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First National Bank of Indianapolis (page does not exist)">First National Bank of Indianapolis</a> in 1863, the first bank in that city chartered under the new <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Bank Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZeigler1994292_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZeigler1994292-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained president of that bank until 1877, including the difficult period during the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1873" title="Panic of 1873">Panic of 1873</a>, when many other banks folded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>English's business interests included other industries as well. He became the controlling shareholder of the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Street_Railway_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis Street Railway Company">Indianapolis Street Railway Company</a> and remained in charge of the company until 1876, when he sold his shares.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having also sold his shares of the bank by 1877, English turned most of his investment capital to real estate. By 1875, he had ordered construction of 75 houses along what is now English Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1954114_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1954114-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His wife, Emma, died two years later, in 1877. he survived her by 19 years. When he died in 1896, he owned 448 properties, most of them in Indianapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1880, English constructed <a href="/wiki/English%27s_Opera_House" title="English's Opera House">English's Opera House</a>, which, according to the 1994 <i>Encyclopedia of Indianapolis</i>, quickly became known as the city's finest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was modeled after the <a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike's Opera House">Grand Opera House</a> in New York and seated 2,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It opened on September 27, 1880, with a performance of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlet (opera)">Hamlet</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Barrett" title="Lawrence Barrett">Lawrence Barrett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, English was involved in politics once more. He turned over management of the Opera House to his son, <a href="/wiki/William_Eastin_English" class="mw-redirect" title="William Eastin English">William Eastin English</a>, who was interested in the theater and had just married an actress, Annie Fox.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English Sr. later added a hotel to the Opera House, and both operated until 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorth1994547_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorth1994547-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice-presidential_candidate">Vice-presidential candidate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vice-presidential candidate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A campaign poster with two men's faces on it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png/220px-1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png/330px-1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png/440px-1880DemocraticCampaignPoster.png 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Hancock–English campaign poster</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1880" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 1880">United States presidential election, 1880</a></div> <p>After leaving the House of Representatives, English remained in touch with local politics, and served as chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party. His son had been elected to the state house in 1879, and the elder English was still consulted on political matters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he had not sought elected office since 1858, he had raised his national profile in 1879 through several interviews and letters to friendly newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHouse1962184_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouse1962184-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English attended the <a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 Democratic National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> as a member of the Indiana delegation, where he favored presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, whom he admired for his support of the gold standard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy195864–65_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy195864–65-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first ballot was inconclusive, with Bayard in second place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_188299_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_188299-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major General <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> led the voting, and on the second ballot was nominated for President.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996274–280_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996274–280-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Indiana delegation held back their votes from Hancock until the crucial moment, and as a reward, the delegates unanimously selected English for the vice-presidential nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was not expected to add much to the ticket outside of Indiana, but the party leaders thought his popularity in that <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a> would help Hancock against <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a>, the Republican nominees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Republicans believed that the real reason for English's nomination was his willingness to use his personal fortune to finance the campaign, as Democratic campaign coffers were low.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp191743–44House1962185_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp191743–44House1962185-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> English gave a brief speech accepting the nomination, then replied more formally in a letter a month later. In that letter, English called the disputes of the Civil War settled, and promised a "sound currency, of honest money", the restriction of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese immigration to the United States">Chinese immigration</a>, and a "rigid economy in public expenditure".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882168_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882168-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He characterized the election as one between </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the people endeavoring to regain the political power which rightfully belongs to them, and to restore the pure, simple, economical, constitutional government of our fathers on the one side, and a hundred thousand federal office-holders and their backers, pampered with place and power, and determined to retain them at all hazards, on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882167_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882167-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Hancock and the Democrats expected to carry the <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a>, which, with the <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era">disenfranchisement of black Southerners</a> following the end of <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">Reconstruction</a>, was dominated electorally by white Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy1958250_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy1958250-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the South, the ticket needed to add New York and a few of the Midwestern states to their total to win the election; national elections in that era were largely decided by closely divided states there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJensen1971xv–xvi_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJensen1971xv–xvi-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practical differences between the parties were few, and the Republicans were reluctant to attack Hancock personally because of his heroic reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996292–296_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996292–296-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The one policy difference the Republicans were able to exploit was a statement in the Democratic platform endorsing "a <a href="/wiki/Tariffs_in_United_States_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Tariffs in United States history">tariff</a> for revenue only".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Garfield's campaign used this statement to paint the Democrats as unsympathetic to the plight of industrial laborers, who benefited from the high protective tariff then in place. The tariff issue cut Democratic support in industrialized Northern states, which were essential in establishing a Democratic majority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The October state elections in Ohio and Indiana resulted in Republican victories there, discouraging Democrats about the federal election to come the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was even some talk among party leaders of dropping English from the ticket, but English convinced them that the October losses owed more to local issues, and that the Democratic ticket could still carry Indiana, if not Ohio, in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, English was proven wrong: the Democrats and Hancock failed to carry any of the Midwestern states they had targeted, including Indiana. Hancock and English lost the popular vote by just 7,018.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electoral vote, however, had a much larger spread: 214 for Garfield and Arthur, compared to 155 for Hancock and English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-election_career">Post-election career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-election career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English resumed his business career after the election. He also became more interested in local history, joining a reunion of the survivors of the 1850 state constitutional convention, which met at his opera house in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the president of the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Historical_Society" title="Indiana Historical Society">Indiana Historical Society</a> and wrote two volumes, which were published at his death: <i>Conquest of the Country <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest of the River Ohio</a>, 1778–1783</i>; and <i>Life of General <a href="/wiki/George_Rogers_Clark" title="George Rogers Clark">George Rogers Clark</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956b352–356_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956b352–356-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served on the Indianapolis Monument Commission in 1893, and helped to plan and finance the <a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Monument_(Indianapolis)" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Indianapolis)">Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_(1822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery,_Indianapolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/200px-Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/300px-Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg/400px-Grave_of_William_Hayden_English_%281822%E2%80%931896_at_Crown_Hill_Cemetery%2C_Indianapolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2145" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>English's grave at Crown Hill Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>He died at his home in Indianapolis on February 7, 1896. English was interred in <a href="/wiki/Crown_Hill_Cemetery" title="Crown Hill Cemetery">Crown Hill Cemetery</a> with his wife, who had died in 1877. Although many of the buildings he constructed have been demolished, <a href="/wiki/English,_Indiana" title="English, Indiana">English, Indiana</a>, the county seat of <a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Indiana" title="Crawford County, Indiana">Crawford County</a>, is named after him, as is English Avenue in Indianapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identical statues of English stand in front of the Scott County Courthouse in <a href="/wiki/Scottsburg,_Indiana" title="Scottsburg, Indiana">Scottsburg, Indiana</a>, and at the Crawford County Fairgrounds in English.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son William served in Congress from 1884 to 1885. His grandson, <a href="/wiki/William_English_Walling" title="William English Walling">William English Walling</a>, the son of his daughter Rosalind, was a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECraig1998352_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECraig1998352-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extensive collection of English's personal and family papers is housed at the Indiana Historical Society in Indianapolis, where it is open for research. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bright, now a Senator, was a member of the committee.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> in 1913, senators were chosen by their states' legislatures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Many in Congress did not agree they were so bound, and this was a point of contention in the debates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19089_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19088-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_19088_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKennedyDillayeHill1880220_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKennedyDillayeHill1880">Kennedy, Dillaye & Hill 1880</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBright_1934370–392-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBright_1934370–392_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBright_1934">Bright 1934</a>, pp. 370–392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190817_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953136–139-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953136–139_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bolt1953">Van Bolt 1953</a>, pp. 136–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953141-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953141_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bolt1953">Van Bolt 1953</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Bolt1953155–157_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Bolt1953">Van Bolt 1953</a>, pp. 155–157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubin1998164-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubin1998164_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubin1998">Dubin 1998</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark2016-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2016_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark2016_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClark2016">Clark 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990536–565-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990536–565_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreehling1990">Freehling 1990</a>, pp. 536–565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990554–565-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling1990554–565_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreehling1990">Freehling 1990</a>, pp. 554–565.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERussel1963201_n.38_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRussel1963">Russel 1963</a>, p. 201 n.38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling200761–96-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling200761–96_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreehling2007">Freehling 2007</a>, pp. 61–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810Freehling1990559-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190810Freehling1990559_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 10; <a href="#CITEREFFreehling1990">Freehling 1990</a>, p. 559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElbert19748-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElbert19748_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElbert1974">Elbert 1974</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190811_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007136–141_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreehling2007">Freehling 2007</a>, pp. 136–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreehling2007142–144_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreehling2007">Freehling 2007</a>, pp. 142–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDubin1998181-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDubin1998181_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDubin1998">Dubin 1998</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190812-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190812_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190813_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZeigler1994292-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZeigler1994292_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZeigler1994">Zeigler 1994</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholas1994545_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholas1994">Nicholas 1994</a>, p. 545.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1954114-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1954114_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDraegart1954">Draegart 1954</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190814_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956a25–26_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDraegart1956a">Draegart 1956a</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorth1994547-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorth1994547_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorth1994">Worth 1994</a>, p. 547.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHouse1962184-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHouse1962184_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHouse1962">House 1962</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy195864–65-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy195864–65_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClancy1958">Clancy 1958</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_188299-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_188299_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFProceedings_1882">Proceedings 1882</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996274–280-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996274–280_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, pp. 274–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996281_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp191743–44House1962185-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp191743–44House1962185_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilipp1917">Philipp 1917</a>, pp. 43–44; <a href="#CITEREFHouse1962">House 1962</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882168-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882168_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFProceedings_1882">Proceedings 1882</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882167-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEProceedings_1882167_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFProceedings_1882">Proceedings 1882</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClancy1958250-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClancy1958250_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClancy1958">Clancy 1958</a>, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJensen1971xv–xvi-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJensen1971xv–xvi_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJensen1971">Jensen 1971</a>, pp. xv–xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996292–296-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996292–296_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, pp. 292–296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, p. 297.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996297–301_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, pp. 297–301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJordan1996306_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJordan1996">Jordan 1996</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956b352–356-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDraegart1956b352–356_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDraegart1956b">Draegart 1956b</a>, pp. 352–356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECommemorative_Biography_190818_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908">Commemorative Biography 1908</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECraig1998352-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECraig1998352_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCraig1998">Craig 1998</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCommemorative_Biography_1908" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/commemorativebio00chicago"><i>Commemorative Biographical Record of Prominent and Representative Men of Indianapolis and Vicinity</i></a>. Chicago, Illinois: J.H. Beers & Co. 1908.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commemorative+Biographical+Record+of+Prominent+and+Representative+Men+of+Indianapolis+and+Vicinity&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=J.H.+Beers+%26+Co.&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcommemorativebio00chicago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClancy1958" class="citation book cs1">Clancy, Herbert J. (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/presidentialelec0000clan"><i>The Presidential Election of 1880</i></a></span>. Chicago, Illinois: Loyola University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-258-19190-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-258-19190-0"><bdi>978-1-258-19190-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidential+Election+of+1880&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Loyola+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-1-258-19190-0&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Herbert+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpresidentialelec0000clan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubin1998" class="citation book cs1">Dubin, Michael J. (1998). <i>United States Congressional elections, 1788–1997 : the official results of the elections of the 1st through 105th Congresses</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0283-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0283-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-0283-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Congressional+elections%2C+1788%E2%80%931997+%3A+the+official+results+of+the+elections+of+the+1st+through+105th+Congresses&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0283-0&rft.aulast=Dubin&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreehling1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_W._Freehling" title="William W. Freehling">Freehling, William W.</a> (1990). <i>The Road to Disunion: Volume 1 Sessionists at Bay 1776–1854</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-505814-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-505814-3"><bdi>0-19-505814-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Disunion%3A+Volume+1+Sessionists+at+Bay+1776%E2%80%931854&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+US&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-19-505814-3&rft.aulast=Freehling&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreehling2007" class="citation book cs1">Freehling, William W. (2007). <i>The Road to Disunion: Volume 2 Secessionists Triumphant 1854–1861</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505815-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-505815-4"><bdi>978-0-19-505815-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Disunion%3A+Volume+2+Secessionists+Triumphant+1854%E2%80%931861&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+US&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-505815-4&rft.aulast=Freehling&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Jensen" title="Richard J. Jensen">Jensen, Richard J.</a> (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XpCgCNZwpvoC"><i>The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896</i></a>. Vol. 2. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-39825-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-39825-0"><bdi>0-226-39825-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winning+of+the+Midwest%3A+Social+and+Political+Conflict%2C+1888%E2%80%931896&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-226-39825-0&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXpCgCNZwpvoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan1996" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, David M. (1996) [1988]. <i>Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier's Life</i>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21058-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21058-5"><bdi>0-253-21058-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winfield+Scott+Hancock%3A+A+Soldier%27s+Life&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-253-21058-5&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedyDillayeHill1880" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, E.B.; Dillaye, S.D.; Hill, Henry (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ourpresidential00pubgoog"><i>Our Presidential Candidates and Political Compendium</i></a>. Newark, New Jersey: F.C. Bliss & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9056547">9056547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Presidential+Candidates+and+Political+Compendium&rft.place=Newark%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=F.C.+Bliss+%26+Co.&rft.date=1880&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9056547&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E.B.&rft.au=Dillaye%2C+S.D.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fourpresidential00pubgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas1994" class="citation book cs1">Nicholas, Stacey (1994). "William Hayden English". In Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C"><i>The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 544–545. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1"><bdi>0-253-31222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Hayden+English&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Indianapolis&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=544-545&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-253-31222-1&rft.aulast=Nicholas&rft.aufirst=Stacey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbg13QcMSsq8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProceedings_1882" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialproceed02convgoog"><i>Official Proceedings of the National Democratic Convention</i></a>. Dayton, Ohio: [Dayton] Daily Journal Book and Job Room. 1882.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Proceedings+of+the+National+Democratic+Convention&rft.place=Dayton%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=%5BDayton%5D+Daily+Journal+Book+and+Job+Room&rft.date=1882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialproceed02convgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorth1994" class="citation book cs1">Worth, Richard W. (1994). "English Hotel and Opera House". In Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C"><i>The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 546–547. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1"><bdi>0-253-31222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+Hotel+and+Opera+House&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Indianapolis&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=546-547&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-253-31222-1&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbg13QcMSsq8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeigler1994" class="citation book cs1">Zeigler, Connie J. (1994). "Banking Industry". In Bodenhamer, David J.; Barrows, Robert G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C"><i>The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis</i></a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 291–293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31222-1"><bdi>0-253-31222-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Banking+Industry&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Indianapolis&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=291-293&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-253-31222-1&rft.aulast=Zeigler&rft.aufirst=Connie+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dbg13QcMSsq8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Journal articles</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright_1934" class="citation journal cs1">"Some Letters of Jesse D. Bright to William H. English (1842–1863)". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>30</b> (4): 370–392. December 1934. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27786698">27786698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Some+Letters+of+Jesse+D.+Bright+to+William+H.+English+%281842%E2%80%931863%29&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=370-392&rft.date=1934-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27786698%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1998" class="citation journal cs1">Craig, Berry (Autumn 1998). "William English Walling: Kentucky's Unknown Civil Rights Hero". <i>The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society</i>. <b>96</b> (4): 351–376. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23384145">23384145</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Register+of+the+Kentucky+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=William+English+Walling%3A+Kentucky%27s+Unknown+Civil+Rights+Hero&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=351-376&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23384145%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Berry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraegart1954" class="citation journal cs1">Draegart, Eva (June 1954). "The Fine Arts in Indianapolis, 1875–1880". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 105–118. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27788180">27788180</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=The+Fine+Arts+in+Indianapolis%2C+1875%E2%80%931880&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-118&rft.date=1954-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27788180%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Draegart&rft.aufirst=Eva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraegart1956a" class="citation journal cs1">Draegart, Eva (March 1956a). "Cultural History of Indianapolis: The Theater, 1880–1890". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>52</b> (1): 21–48. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27788327">27788327</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Cultural+History+of+Indianapolis%3A+The+Theater%2C+1880%E2%80%931890&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-48&rft.date=1956-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27788327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Draegart&rft.aufirst=Eva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraegart1956b" class="citation journal cs1">Draegart, Eva (December 1956b). "Cultural History of Indianapolis: Literature, 1875–1890". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>52</b> (4): 343–367. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27788390">27788390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Cultural+History+of+Indianapolis%3A+Literature%2C+1875%E2%80%931890&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=343-367&rft.date=1956-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27788390%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Draegart&rft.aufirst=Eva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElbert1974" class="citation journal cs1">Elbert, E. Duane (March 1974). "Southern Indiana in the Election of 1860: The Leadership and the Electorate". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>70</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27789943">27789943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Southern+Indiana+in+the+Election+of+1860%3A+The+Leadership+and+the+Electorate&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=1974-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27789943%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Elbert&rft.aufirst=E.+Duane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouse1962" class="citation journal cs1">House, Albert V. (September 1962). "The Democratic State Central Committee of Indiana in 1880: A Case Study in Party Tactics and Finance". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 179–210. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27789008">27789008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=The+Democratic+State+Central+Committee+of+Indiana+in+1880%3A+A+Case+Study+in+Party+Tactics+and+Finance&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=179-210&rft.date=1962-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27789008%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=House&rft.aufirst=Albert+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussel1963" class="citation journal cs1">Russel, Robert R. (May 1963). "The Issues in the Congressional Struggle over the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 1854". <i>The Journal of Southern History</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 187–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2205040">10.2307/2205040</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2205040">2205040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&rft.atitle=The+Issues+in+the+Congressional+Struggle+over+the+Kansas-Nebraska+Bill%2C+1854&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=187-210&rft.date=1963-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2205040&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2205040%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Russel&rft.aufirst=Robert+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Bolt1953" class="citation journal cs1">Van Bolt, Roger H. (June 1953). "Indiana in Political Transition, 1851–1853". <i>Indiana Magazine of History</i>. <b>49</b> (2): 131–160. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27788097">27788097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indiana+Magazine+of+History&rft.atitle=Indiana+in+Political+Transition%2C+1851%E2%80%931853&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-160&rft.date=1953-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27788097%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Van+Bolt&rft.aufirst=Roger+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Thesis</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilipp1917" class="citation thesis cs1">Philipp, Ernest Joseph (1917). "Chapter 5: The Democratic National Convention". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Auo7AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Presidential Election of 1880</i></a> (M.A. thesis). University of Wisconsin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Presidential+Election+of+1880&rft.inst=University+of+Wisconsin&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Philipp&rft.aufirst=Ernest+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAuo7AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Manuscript collection</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/william-hayden-english-family-papers-1741-1928.pdf">Finding aid to the William Hayden English family papers at the Indiana Historical Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222185240/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/william-hayden-english-family-papers-1741-1928.pdf">Archived</a> December 22, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </div> <p><b>Website</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2016" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Justin (June 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.history.in.gov/william-hayden-english-a-man-apart/">"William Hayden English: A Man Apart"</a>. <i>The Indiana History Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indiana+History+Blog&rft.atitle=William+Hayden+English%3A+A+Man+Apart&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.history.in.gov%2Fwilliam-hayden-english-a-man-apart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hayden_English&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressE000191" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000191">"William Hayden English (id: E000191)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=William+Hayden+English+%28id%3A+E000191%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DE000191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Hayden+English" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_L._Dunham" title="Cyrus L. Dunham">Cyrus L. Dunham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Indiana">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">Indiana's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1853–1861 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_A._Cravens" title="James A. Cravens">James A. Cravens</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Thomas A. Hendricks</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Post_Roads" title="United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads">United States House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads <br /> (1808–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rhea" title="John Rhea">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Livermore" title="Arthur Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Johnson_(congressman)" title="Francis Johnson (congressman)">F. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Telemachus_Johnson" title="John Telemachus Johnson">J. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_D._Ingham" title="Samuel D. Ingham">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKean" title="Samuel McKean">McKean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Connor" title="Henry William Connor">Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Hopkins" title="George Washington Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Goggin" title="William L. Goggin">Goggin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emery_D._Potter" title="Emery D. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edson_B._Olds" title="Edson B. Olds">Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mace_(politician)" title="Daniel Mace (politician)">Mace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax" title="Schuyler Colfax">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Farnsworth" title="John F. Farnsworth">Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Black_Packer" class="mw-redirect" title="John Black Packer">Packer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bullock_Clark_Jr." title="John Bullock Clark Jr.">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Moore_Waddell" title="Alfred Moore Waddell">Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham" title="Henry H. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham" title="Henry H. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Henderson" title="John S. Henderson">J. Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_F._Loud" title="Eugene F. Loud">Loud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Overstreet" title="Jesse Overstreet">Overstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Moon" title="John A. Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halvor_Steenerson" title="Halvor Steenerson">Steenerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walton_Griest" class="mw-redirect" title="William Walton Griest">Griest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_D._Sanders" title="Archie D. Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_A._Romjue" title="Milton A. Romjue">Romjue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_G._Burch" title="Thomas G. Burch">Burch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._O%27Brien" title="George D. O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Reform in the) Civil Service* <br /> (1893–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._De_Forest" title="Robert E. De Forest">De Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriott_Henry_Brosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriott Henry Brosius">Brosius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Lafayette_Godwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal Lafayette Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Hamill" title="James A. Hamill">Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Lafayette_Godwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal Lafayette Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_R._Lehlbach" title="Frederick R. Lehlbach">Lehlbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Jeffers" title="Lamar Jeffers">Jeffers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ramspeck" title="Robert Ramspeck">Ramspeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Randolph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service <br /> (1947–1995)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert_Rees" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Herbert Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_J._Murray" title="Tom J. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Herbert_Rees" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Herbert Rees">Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_J._Murray" title="Tom J. Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_J._Dulski" title="Thaddeus J. Dulski">Dulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_N._Henderson" title="David N. Henderson">D. Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._C._Nix_Sr." title="Robert N. C. Nix Sr.">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Hanley" title="James M. Hanley">Hanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Ford" title="William D. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">Clay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Note</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><sup>*</sup>Name shortened from <b>Reform in the Civil Service</b> to <b>Civil Service</b> in 1925.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Indiana" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Indiana" title="Template:United States representatives from Indiana"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Indiana" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Indiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Indiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Indiana"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Indiana" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Indiana" title="United States congressional delegations from Indiana">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana01 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Prince_(politician)" title="William Prince (politician)">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Call" title="Jacob Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratliff_Boon" title="Ratliff Boon">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Blake" title="Thomas H. Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratliff_Boon" title="Ratliff Boon">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Proffit" title="George H. Proffit">Proffit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dale_Owen" title="Robert Dale Owen">R. Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Embree" title="Elisha Embree">Embree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Albertson" title="Nathaniel Albertson">Albertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lockhart_(Indiana_politician)" title="James Lockhart (Indiana politician)">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Miller" title="Smith Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lockhart_(Indiana_politician)" title="James Lockhart (Indiana politician)">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Law_(representative)" title="John Law (representative)">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_S._Fuller" title="Benoni S. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Heilman" title="William Heilman">Heilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Kleiner" title="John J. Kleiner">Kleiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Peterson_Hovey" title="Alvin Peterson Hovey">Hovey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Posey" title="Francis B. Posey">Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Parrett" title="William F. Parrett">Parrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Taylor" title="Arthur H. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Hemenway" title="James A. Hemenway">Hemenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Foster" title="John H. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Boehne" title="John W. Boehne">Boehne Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lieb" title="Charles Lieb">Lieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_K._Denton" title="George K. Denton">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Raymond_Luhring" title="Oscar Raymond Luhring">Luhring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Wilson_(Indiana_politician)" title="William E. Wilson (Indiana politician)">W. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_E._Rowbottom" title="Harry E. Rowbottom">Rowbottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Boehne_Jr." title="John W. Boehne Jr.">Boehne Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Schulte" title="William T. Schulte">Schulte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Madden" title="Ray Madden">Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Benjamin_Jr." title="Adam Benjamin Jr.">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hall_(American_politician)" title="Katie Hall (American politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Visclosky" title="Pete Visclosky">Visclosky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Mrvan" title="Frank J. Mrvan">Mrvan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/100px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/150px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana02 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carr_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Carr (Indiana politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ewing_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Ewing (Indiana politician)">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">J. W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ewing_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Ewing (Indiana politician)">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">J. W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Thompson" title="Richard W. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Henley" title="Thomas J. Henley">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_L._Dunham" title="Cyrus L. Dunham">Dunham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Cravens" title="James A. Cravens">Cravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_K._Wolfe" title="Simeon K. Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Williams" title="James D. Williams">J. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Humphreys" title="Andrew Humphreys">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cobb" title="Thomas R. Cobb">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._O%27Neall" title="John H. O'Neall">O'Neall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bretz" title="John L. Bretz">Bretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_M._Hardy" title="Alexander M. Hardy">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Miers" title="Robert W. Miers">Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Chaney" title="John C. Chaney">Chaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Cullop" title="William A. Cullop">Cullop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_E._Bland" title="Oscar E. Bland">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Durgan" title="George R. Durgan">Durgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Landgrebe" title="Earl Landgrebe">Landgrebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Fithian" title="Floyd Fithian">Fithian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sharp_(politician)" title="Philip Sharp (politician)">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McIntosh_(politician)" title="David McIntosh (politician)">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">M. Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Chocola" title="Chris Chocola">Chocola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Donnelly" title="Joe Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Walorski" title="Jackie Walorski">Walorski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Yakym" title="Rudy Yakym">Yakym</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana03 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Test" title="John Test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_H._Smith" title="Oliver H. Smith">O. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Test" title="John Test">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnathan_McCarty" title="Johnathan McCarty">Carty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carr_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Carr (Indiana politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Indiana_politician)" title="William Graham (Indiana politician)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carr_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Carr (Indiana politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._White" title="Joseph L. White">J. L. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(Indiana_congressman)" title="Thomas Smith (Indiana congressman)">T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Robinson" title="John L. Robinson">J. L. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_L._Dunham" title="Cyrus L. Dunham">Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grundy_Dunn" title="George Grundy Dunn">G. G. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hughes_(representative)" title="James Hughes (representative)">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKee_Dunn" title="William McKee Dunn">W. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Harrington" title="Henry W. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hill_(politician)" title="Ralph Hill (politician)">R. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_C._Hunter" title="Morton C. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_T._Carr" title="Nathan T. Carr">N. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Bicknell" title="George A. Bicknell">Bicknell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strother_M._Stockslager" title="Strother M. Stockslager">Stockslager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_G._Howard" title="Jonas G. Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_B._Brown" title="Jason B. Brown">J. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Tracewell" title="Robert J. Tracewell">Tracewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Zenor" title="William T. Zenor">Zenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Cox" title="William E. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Dunbar" title="James W. Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gardner_(politician)" title="Frank Gardner (politician)">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Dunbar" title="James W. Dunbar">Dunbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Crowe" title="Eugene B. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Pettengill" title="Samuel B. Pettengill">Pettengill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Grant" title="Robert A. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurman_C._Crook" title="Thurman C. Crook">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard_J._Crumpacker_Jr." title="Shepard J. Crumpacker Jr.">S. Crumpacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Jay_Nimtz" title="F. Jay Nimtz">Nimtz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brademas" title="John Brademas">Brademas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hiler" title="John P. Hiler">Hiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roemer" title="Tim Roemer">Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Souder" title="Mark Souder">Souder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Stutzman" title="Marlin Stutzman">Stutzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Banks" title="Jim Banks">Banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana04 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Lane" title="Amos Lane">A. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hedford_Dunn" title="George Hedford Dunn">G. H. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(Indiana_congressman)" title="Thomas Smith (Indiana congressman)">T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Cravens" title="James H. Cravens">Cravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Blood_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Caleb Blood Smith">C. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Parker" title="Samuel W. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lane_(politician)" title="Jim Lane (politician)">J. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cumback" title="William Cumback">Cumback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradford_Foley" title="James Bradford Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Farquhar" title="John H. Farquhar">Farquhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_M._Wilson" title="Jeremiah M. Wilson">Je. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeptha_D._New" title="Jeptha D. New">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonidas_Sexton" title="Leonidas Sexton">Sexton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeptha_D._New" title="Jeptha D. New">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Griffith" title="Francis M. Griffith">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Dixon" title="Lincoln Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Benham" title="John S. Benham">Benham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_C._Canfield" title="Harry C. Canfield">Canfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Indus_Farley" class="mw-redirect" title="James Indus Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Gillie" title="George W. Gillie">Gillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Kruse" title="Edward H. Kruse">Kruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Ross_Adair" title="E. Ross Adair">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edward_Roush" title="J. Edward Roush">Roush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Coats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Long_Thompson" title="Jill Long Thompson">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Souder" title="Mark Souder">Souder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Buyer" title="Steve Buyer">Buyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Rokita" title="Todd Rokita">Rokita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Baird_(politician)" title="Jim Baird (politician)">Baird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana05 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnathan_McCarty" title="Johnathan McCarty">McCarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rariden" title="James Rariden">Rariden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kennedy_(American_politician)" title="Andrew Kennedy (American politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brown_(Indiana_politician)" title="William J. Brown (Indiana politician)">W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Wick" title="William W. Wick">Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brown_(Indiana_politician)" title="William J. Brown (Indiana politician)">W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Parker" title="Samuel W. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Holloway" title="David P. Holloway">Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kilgore" title="David Kilgore">Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coburn_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Coburn (Indiana politician)">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Browne" title="Thomas M. Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtland_C._Matson" title="Courtland C. Matson">Matson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Cooper" title="George W. Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Overstreet" title="Jesse Overstreet">Overstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Faris" title="George W. Faris">Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_S._Holliday" title="Elias S. Holliday">Holliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_W._Moss_(politician)" title="Ralph W. Moss (politician)">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Sanders" title="Everett Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_J._Johnson" title="Noble J. Johnson">N. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtland_C._Gillen" title="Courtland C. Gillen">Gillen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Griswold" title="Glenn Griswold">Griswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Harness" title="Forest Harness">Harness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Walsh" title="John R. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V._Beamer" title="John V. Beamer">Beamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edward_Roush" title="J. Edward Roush">Roush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Roudebush" title="Richard L. Roudebush">Roudebush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_Hillis" title="Elwood Hillis">Hillis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jontz" title="Jim Jontz">Jontz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Buyer" title="Steve Buyer">Buyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Burton" title="Dan Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brooks" title="Susan Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Spartz" title="Victoria Spartz">Spartz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana06 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Kinnard" title="George L. Kinnard">Kinnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herod" title="William Herod">Herod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Wick" title="William W. Wick">Wick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wallace_(Indiana_politician)" title="David Wallace (Indiana politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">J. W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grundy_Dunn" title="George Grundy Dunn">G. G. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_A._Gorman" title="Willis A. Gorman">Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Barbour" title="Lucien Barbour">Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Gregg" title="James M. Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_G._Porter" title="Albert G. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Dumont" title="Ebenezer Dumont">Dumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coburn_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Coburn (Indiana politician)">Coburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Voorhees" title="Daniel W. Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_C._Hunter" title="Morton C. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_S._Robinson" title="Milton S. Robinson">M. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Myers" title="William R. Myers">W. Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Browne" title="Thomas M. Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_U._Johnson" title="Henry U. Johnson">H. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Watson" title="James E. Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Barnard" title="William O. Barnard">Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finly_Hutchinson_Gray" title="Finly Hutchinson Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Comstock" title="Daniel Webster Comstock">Comstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Elliott" title="Richard N. Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Larrabee_(Indiana_politician)" title="William Larrabee (Indiana politician)">Larrabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_E._Jenckes" title="Virginia E. Jenckes">Jenckes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_J._Johnson" title="Noble J. Johnson">N. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_M._Harden" title="Cecil M. Harden">Harden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Wampler_(politician)" title="Fred Wampler (politician)">Wampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Roudebush" title="Richard L. Roudebush">Roudebush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Bray" title="William G. Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Evans" title="David W. Evans">D. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Burton" title="Dan Burton">Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">M. Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Messer" title="Luke Messer">Messer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Pence" title="Greg Pence">G. Pence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana07 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Hannegan" title="Edward A. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Smith_White" title="Albert Smith White">A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilghman_Howard" title="Tilghman Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Lane" title="Henry S. Lane">H. S. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Wright" title="Joseph A. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._McGaughey" title="Edward W. McGaughey">McGaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_W._Thompson" title="Richard W. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._McGaughey" title="Edward W. McGaughey">McGaughey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Davis" title="John G. Davis">J. G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_D._Scott" title="Harvey D. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Davis" title="John G. Davis">J. G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Voorhees" title="Daniel W. Voorhees">Voorhees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Washburn" title="Henry D. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Dickerson_Manson" title="Mahlon Dickerson Manson">Manson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Cason" title="Thomas J. Cason">Cason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Landers" title="Franklin Landers">Landers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanna_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Hanna (Indiana politician)">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_De_La_Matyr" title="Gilbert De La Matyr">Matyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_J._Peelle" title="Stanton J. Peelle">Peelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._English" title="William E. English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Bynum" title="William D. Bynum">Bynum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Henry" title="Charles L. Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Overstreet" title="Jesse Overstreet">Overstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Korbly" title="Charles A. Korbly">Korbly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrill_Moores" title="Merrill Moores">Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_E._Updike" title="Ralph E. Updike">Updike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ludlow" title="Louis Ludlow">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_H._Greenwood" title="Arthur H. Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_W._Landis" title="Gerald W. Landis">Landis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellsworth_Noland" title="James Ellsworth Noland">Noland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Bray" title="William G. Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Myers_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Myers (congressman)">J. Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Pease" title="Ed Pease">Pease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Kerns" title="Brian Kerns">Kerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Carson" title="Julia Carson">J. Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson" title="André Carson">A. Carson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana08 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Pettit" title="John Pettit">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._McDonald" title="Joseph E. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mace_(politician)" title="Daniel Mace (politician)">Mace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Indiana_politician)" title="James Wilson (Indiana politician)">Ja. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Smith_White" title="Albert Smith White">A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Noble_Tyner" title="James Noble Tyner">Tyner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_C._Hunter" title="Morton C. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_J._Hostetler" title="Abraham J. Hostetler">Hostetler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._F._Peirce" title="Robert B. F. Peirce">Peirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="John Edward Lamb">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Johnston" title="James T. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_V._Brookshire" title="Elijah V. Brookshire">Brookshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Faris" title="George W. Faris">Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Henry" title="Charles L. Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Cromer" title="George W. Cromer">Cromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._M._Adair" title="John A. M. Adair">Adair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_Vestal" title="Albert Henry Vestal">Vestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Boehne_Jr." title="John W. Boehne Jr.">Boehne Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._La_Follette" title="Charles M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._A._Mitchell" title="E. A. Mitchell">E. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_K._Denton" title="Winfield K. Denton">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Bailey_Merrill" title="D. Bailey Merrill">Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_K._Denton" title="Winfield K. Denton">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_H._Zion" title="Roger H. Zion">Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Hayes" title="Philip H. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Cornwell" title="David L. Cornwell">Cornwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Joel_Deckard" title="H. Joel Deckard">Deckard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McCloskey" title="Frank McCloskey">McCloskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hostettler" title="John Hostettler">Hostettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Ellsworth" title="Brad Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Bucshon" title="Larry Bucshon">Bucshon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana09 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Sample" title="Samuel C. Sample">Sample</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Cathcart" title="Charles W. Cathcart">Cathcart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_N._Fitch" title="Graham N. Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Eddy" title="Norman Eddy">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._C._Shanks" title="John P. C. Shanks">Shanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Cason" title="Thomas J. Cason">Cason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._White" title="Michael D. White">M. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_T._Doxey" title="Charles T. Doxey">Doxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Ward" title="Thomas B. Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Cheadle" title="Joseph B. Cheadle">Cheadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Waugh" title="Daniel W. Waugh">Waugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanly" title="Frank Hanly">Hanly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Landis" title="Charles B. Landis">Landis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_A._Morrison" title="Martin A. Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_S._Purnell" title="Fred S. Purnell">Purnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_B._Crowe" title="Eugene B. Crowe">Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilson_(politician)" title="Earl Wilson (politician)">E. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Hogan" title="Earl Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilson_(politician)" title="Earl Wilson (politician)">E. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hamilton" title="Lee Hamilton">L. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Hill_(politician)" title="Baron Hill (politician)">B. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sodrel" title="Mike Sodrel">Sodrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Hill_(politician)" title="Baron Hill (politician)">B. Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Hollingsworth" title="Trey Hollingsworth">Hollingsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Houchin" title="Erin Houchin">Houchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana10 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kennedy_(American_politician)" title="Andrew Kennedy (American politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Rockhill" title="William R. Rockhill">Rockhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Harlan" title="Andrew J. Harlan">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Brenton" title="Samuel Brenton">Brenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_M._Chamberlain" title="Ebenezer M. Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Case" title="Charles Case">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mitchell_(congressman)" title="William Mitchell (congressman)">W. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_K._Edgerton" title="Joseph K. Edgerton">Edgerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Defrees" title="Joseph H. Defrees">Defrees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Indiana_politician)" title="William Williams (Indiana politician)">W. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Sayler" title="Henry B. Sayler">Sayler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Haymond" title="William S. Haymond">Haymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Calkins" title="William H. Calkins">Calkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_L._De_Motte" title="Mark L. De Motte">Motte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Wood" title="Thomas Jefferson Wood">T. Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Owen" title="William D. Owen">W. Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Henry_Patton" title="David Henry Patton">Patton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hammond_(Indiana_politician)" title="Thomas Hammond (Indiana politician)">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_A._Hatch" title="Jethro A. Hatch">Hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_D._Crumpacker" title="Edgar D. Crumpacker">E. Crumpacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Peterson" title="John B. Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Wood_(Indiana_politician)" title="William R. Wood (Indiana politician)">W. Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finly_Hutchinson_Gray" title="Finly Hutchinson Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_S._Springer" title="Raymond S. Springer">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Harvey" title="Ralph Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_S._Harmon" title="Randall S. Harmon">Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Harvey" title="Ralph Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Roudebush" title="Richard L. Roudebush">Roudebush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Dennis" title="David W. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sharp_(politician)" title="Philip Sharp (politician)">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jacobs_Jr." title="Andrew Jacobs Jr.">Jacobs Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Carson" title="Julia Carson">J. Carson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana11 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Harlan" title="Andrew J. Harlan">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_U._Pettit" title="John U. Pettit">Pettit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._C._Shanks" title="John P. C. Shanks">Shanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._McDowell" title="James F. McDowell">McDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_N._Stilwell" title="Thomas N. Stilwell">Stilwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._C._Shanks" title="John P. C. Shanks">Shanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Packard" title="Jasper Packard">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_La_Fayette_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="James La Fayette Evans">J. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Cowgill" title="Calvin Cowgill">Cowgill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Steele" title="George Washington Steele">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_N._Martin" title="Augustus N. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Steele" title="George Washington Steele">Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Landis" title="Frederick Landis">Landis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Rauch" title="George W. Rauch">Rauch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Kraus" title="Milton Kraus">Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_E._Cook" title="Samuel E. Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_R._Hall_(Indiana_politician)" title="Albert R. Hall (Indiana politician)">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Griswold" title="Glenn Griswold">Griswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Larrabee_(Indiana_politician)" title="William Larrabee (Indiana politician)">Larrabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ludlow" title="Louis Ludlow">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jacobs_(lawyer)" title="Andrew Jacobs (lawyer)">Jacobs Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Brownson" title="Charles B. Brownson">Brownson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Barr" title="Joseph W. Barr">Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Bruce" title="Donald C. Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jacobs_Jr." title="Andrew Jacobs Jr.">Jacobs Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Hudnut_III" title="William H. Hudnut III">Hudnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jacobs_Jr." title="Andrew Jacobs Jr.">Jacobs Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana12 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_H._Hamilton" title="Andrew H. Hamilton">A. Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole_G._Colerick" title="Walpole G. Colerick">Colerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lowry_(Indiana_politician)" title="Robert Lowry (Indiana politician)">Lowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bain_White" title="James Bain White">J. B. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._O._McClellan" title="Charles A. O. McClellan">McClellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McNagny" title="William F. McNagny">McNagny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_D._Leighty" title="Jacob D. Leighty">Leighty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Robinson_(politician)" title="James M. Robinson (politician)">J. M. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_W._Gilbert" title="Newton W. Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_C._Gilhams" title="Clarence C. Gilhams">Gilhams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cline" title="Cyrus Cline">Cline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_W._Fairfield" title="Louis W. Fairfield">Fairfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hogg_(American_politician)" title="David Hogg (American politician)">Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ludlow" title="Louis Ludlow">Ludlow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Indiana13 !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Indiana's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(Indiana_politician)" title="John Baker (Indiana politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Calkins" title="William H. Calkins">Calkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Shively" title="Benjamin F. Shively">Shively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ford_(American_politician)" title="George Ford (American politician)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Shively" title="Benjamin F. Shively">Shively</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Conn" title="Charles G. Conn">Conn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_W._Royse" title="Lemuel W. Royse">Royse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_L._Brick" title="Abraham L. Brick">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Barnhart" title="Henry A. Barnhart">Barnhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Hickey" title="Andrew J. Hickey">Hickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Pettengill" title="Samuel B. Pettengill">Pettengill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="IndianaAL !"><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Indiana's at-large congressional district">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hendricks" title="William Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Packard" title="Jasper Packard">Packard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godlove_S._Orth" title="Godlove S. Orth">Orth</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Indiana_politician)" title="William Williams (Indiana politician)">W. Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Parke" title="Benjamin Parke">Parke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_B._Thomas" title="Jesse B. Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Jennings" title="Jonathan Jennings">Jennings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Template talk:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_VPOTUS_candidates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unsuccessful major party VPOTUS candidates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="List of unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States">Unsuccessful major party candidates for Vice President of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/George_Clinton_(vice_president)" title="George Clinton (vice president)">George Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pinckney" title="Thomas Pinckney">Thomas Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Aaron Burr</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Ingersoll" title="Jared Ingersoll">Jared Ingersoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">John E. Howard</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Nathan Sanford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Nathaniel Macon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rush" title="Richard Rush">Richard Rush</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sergeant_(politician)" title="John Sergeant (politician)">John Sergeant</a> (<a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">Francis Granger</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">John Tyler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Richard M. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Frelinghuysen" title="Theodore Frelinghuysen">Theodore Frelinghuysen</a> (<a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">William O. Butler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William A. Graham</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">William L. Dayton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">Herschel V. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">George H. Pendleton</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Francis P. Blair Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">B. Gratz Brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William H. English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Logan" title="John A. Logan">John A. Logan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid" title="Whitelaw Reid">Whitelaw Reid</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Arthur Sewall</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Adlai Stevenson I</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">Henry G. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">John W. Kern</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Sherman" title="James S. Sherman">James S. Sherman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Charles W. Fairbanks</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">Charles W. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Joseph T. Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Knox" title="Frank Knox">Frank Knox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._McNary" title="Charles L. McNary">Charles L. McNary</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Bricker" title="John W. Bricker">John W. Bricker</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Miller" title="William E. Miller">William E. Miller</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_vice-presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States vice-presidential candidates by year">All vice presidential candidates</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">Vice presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National<br />conventions</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<i>None</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and<br />territorial<br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1876)_1880_United_States_presidential_election_(1884_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1880 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1880 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1880 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1876)_1880_United_States_presidential_election_(1884_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">← 1876</a>) <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention" title="1880 Republican National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a href="/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur" title="Chester A. Arthur">Chester A. Arthur</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">John Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">George F. Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Elihu B. Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Windom" title="William Windom">William Windom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>President: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield S. Hancock</a></b></li> <li><b>Vice President: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William H. English</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Thomas F. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Samuel J. Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Payne" title="Henry B. Payne">Henry B. Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Allen G. Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Johnson_Field" title="Stephen Johnson Field">Stephen J. Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">William R. Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Thomas A. Hendricks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0BDA51;"><b><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/1880_Greenback_National_Convention" title="1880 Greenback National Convention">Convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">James B. Weaver</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barzillai_J._Chambers" title="Barzillai J. Chambers">Barzillai J. Chambers</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hendrick_Bradley_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrick Bradley Wright">Hendrick B. Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Dillaye" title="Stephen D. Dillaye">Stephen D. Dillaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Benjamin Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solon_Chase" title="Solon Chase">Solon Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Allis_(businessman)" title="Edward P. Allis (businessman)">Edward P. Allis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Illinois_politician)" title="Alexander Campbell (Illinois politician)">Alexander Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_H._Murch" title="Thompson H. Murch">Thompson H. Murch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Neal_Dow" title="Neal Dow">Neal Dow</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams_Thompson" title="Henry Adams Thompson">Henry A. Thompson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D99FE8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Phelps" title="John W. Phelps">John W. Phelps</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Pomeroy" title="Samuel C. Pomeroy">Samuel C. Pomeroy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1880 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1880 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_and_1881_United_States_Senate_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442044#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442044#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442044#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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