CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Grand Principality of Serbia - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b6db4b8d-5a4a-400a-96d5-b3a7c1148e50","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Grand_Principality_of_Serbia","wgTitle":"Grand Principality of Serbia","wgCurRevisionId":1268503318,"wgRevisionId":1268503318,"wgArticleId":31378963,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Serbian-language text","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters","Pages using Lang-xx templates","Articles containing Latin-language text","Commons category link from Wikidata","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Serbian-language sources (sr)","Grand Principality of Serbia", "Medieval history of Serbia","11th century in Serbia","12th century in Serbia","13th century in Serbia","States and territories established in the 11th century","States and territories disestablished in the 13th century","Vukanović dynasty","Nemanjić dynasty","1091 establishments in Europe","1210s disestablishments in Europe","Former principalities"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Grand_Principality_of_Serbia","wgRelevantArticleId":31378963,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist" :true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1311990","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/1200px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="931"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/800px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="621"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/640px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="497"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Grand Principality of Serbia - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Grand_Principality_of_Serbia rootpage-Grand_Principality_of_Serbia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grand+Principality+of+Serbia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grand+Principality+of+Serbia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Grand+Principality+of+Serbia" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Grand+Principality+of+Serbia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ecclesiastical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rulers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rulers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rulers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rulers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Principality of Serbia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="إمارة صربيا الكبرى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارة صربيا الكبرى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka" title="Raška – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Raška" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%9Fka_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99ti" title="Raşka dövləti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Raşka dövləti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Рашка (дзяржава) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рашка (дзяржава)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Рашка (дзяржава) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рашка (дзяржава)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Велико княжество Сърбия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велико княжество Сърбия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka" title="Raška – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Raška" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srbsk%C3%A1_velk%C3%A1_%C5%BEupa" title="Srbská velká župa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Srbská velká župa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCrstentum_Raszien" title="Fürstentum Raszien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fürstentum Raszien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia_suurv%C3%BCrstkond" title="Serbia suurvürstkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Serbia suurvürstkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μεγάλο Πριγκιπάτο της Ράσκας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλο Πριγκιπάτο της Ράσκας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rascia" title="Rascia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rascia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rascie" title="Rascie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rascie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Principado_de_Serbia_(1090-1217)" title="Gran Principado de Serbia (1090-1217) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Principado de Serbia (1090-1217)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="세르비아 대공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세르비아 대공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Raška (država) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Raška (država)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(negara)" title="Raška (negara) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Raška (negara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Principatu_de_Serbia" title="Grand Principatu de Serbia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Grand Principatu de Serbia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rascia" title="Rascia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rascia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%94" title="רשקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(valsts)" title="Raška (valsts) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Raška (valsts)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbijos_did%C5%BEioji_kunigaik%C5%A1tyst%C4%97" title="Serbijos didžioji kunigaikštystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Serbijos didžioji kunigaikštystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рашка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рашка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grootvorstendom_Servi%C3%AB" title="Grootvorstendom Servië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grootvorstendom Servië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka" title="Raška – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Raška" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raszka_Wukanowicz%C3%B3w" title="Raszka Wukanowiczów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Raszka Wukanowiczów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o-Principado_da_S%C3%A9rvia" title="Grão-Principado da Sérvia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grão-Principado da Sérvia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marele_Principat_al_Serbiei" title="Marele Principat al Serbiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marele Principat al Serbiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Рашка (государство) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рашка (государство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principata_e_Madhe_e_Serbis%C3%AB" title="Principata e Madhe e Serbisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Principata e Madhe e Serbisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka" title="Raška – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Raška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(1071%E2%80%941217)" title="Србија (1071—1217) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Србија (1071—1217)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka" title="Raška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Raška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storfurstend%C3%B6met_Serbien" title="Storfurstendömet Serbien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storfurstendömet Serbien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rbistan_B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Prensli%C4%9Fi" title="Sırbistan Büyük Prensliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sırbistan Büyük Prensliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Рашка (держава) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рашка (держава)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="塞尔维亚大公国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞尔维亚大公国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1311990#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&oldid=1268503318" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&id=1268503318&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrand_Principality_of_Serbia"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGrand_Principality_of_Serbia"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1311990" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Serbian state between 1091 and 1217</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the state that existed from the 11th century to 1217. For the early medieval Principality of Serbia, see <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia (early medieval)</a>. For the modern Principality of Serbia (1815–1882), see <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Grand Principality of Serbia</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">Великожупанска Србија</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr-Latn">Velikožupanska Srbija</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1091–1217</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia"><img alt="Seal of Stefan Nemanja of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg/85px-Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg/128px-Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg/170px-Seal_of_Stefan_Nemanja.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div>Seal of <br /><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europe in 1135"><img alt="Europe in 1135" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/250px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/375px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg/500px-Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2234" data-file-height="1734" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Europe in 1135</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Church_Slavonic#Serbian_recension" title="Old Church Slavonic">Old Serbian</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> (majority)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a> (minority, banned)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">Grand Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupan" title="Župan">(Grand Župan)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1083–1112 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vukan,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia">Vukan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1166–1196 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1196–1202, 1204–1228 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanji%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Nemanjić">Stefan Nemanjić</a> (Grand Prince↑King)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1202–1204 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vukan_Nemanji%C4%87" title="Vukan Nemanjić">Vukan Nemanjić</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">Medieval</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1091</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Elevated to kingdom </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1217</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire_under_the_Komnenos_dynasty" title="Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty">Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Serbian_Empire%2C_reconstruction.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Grand Principality of Serbia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr">Великожупанска Србија</span> / <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">Velikožupanska Srbija</i></span>), also known by the anachronistic exonym <b><a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Rascia</a></b> (Serbian: <span lang="sr">Рашка</span> / <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr">Raška</i></span>),<sup id="ref_a_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup> was a medieval <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> state that existed from the second half of the 11th century up until 1217, when it was transformed into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1217%E2%80%931346)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346)">Kingdom of Serbia</a>. After the Grand Principality of Serbia emerged, it gradually expanded during the 12th century, encompassing various neighbouring regions, including territories of <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a>: <span lang="sr-Cyrl">Рашка</span>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Rascia</i>), modern <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herzegovina" title="Herzegovina">Herzegovina</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. It was founded by Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Vukan,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia">Vukan</a>, who initially served as the regional governor of the principality (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1082), appointed by King <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Bodin" title="Constantine Bodin">Constantine Bodin</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Serbian_wars" title="Byzantine–Serbian wars">Byzantine–Serbian wars</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1090), Vukan gained prominence and became a self-governing ruler in the inner Serbian regions. He founded the <a href="/wiki/Vukanovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vukanović dynasty">Vukanović dynasty</a>, which ruled the grand principality. Through diplomatic ties with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1000-1301)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1000-1301)">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, Vukan's successors managed to retain their self-governance, while also recognizing the supreme overlordship of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, up to 1180. Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1166–1196</span>) gained full independence and united almost all Serbian lands. His son, Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Stefan_the_First-Crowned" title="Stefan the First-Crowned">Stefan</a> was crowned King of Serbia in 1217, while his younger son <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sava" title="Saint Sava">Saint Sava</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Serbs">Archbishop of Serbs</a>, in 1219.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽivković2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽivković2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stari_Ras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stari_Ras.jpg/260px-Stari_Ras.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stari_Ras.jpg/390px-Stari_Ras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Stari_Ras.jpg/520px-Stari_Ras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Remains of the medieval fortress or <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a>, the capital of Serbian Grand Principality since mid-12th century; today UNESCO World Heritage Site</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia (early medieval)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a></div> <p>According to the <i><a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a></i> (DAI), the Serbs settled the Balkans under the protection of the Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 610–641</span>) and were ruled by a dynasty known in historiography as the <a href="/wiki/Vlastimirovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vlastimirović dynasty">Vlastimirović dynasty</a>. Slavs had begun settling in the region in the early 6th century, after raiding deep into the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanković200439-61_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanković200439-61-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They settled "baptized Serbia", which included <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, and the maritime lands (<i><a href="/wiki/Pomorje" title="Pomorje">Pomorje</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zahumlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahumlje">Zahumlje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paganija" class="mw-redirect" title="Paganija">Paganija</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while maritime <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a> was held by the Byzantines, it was presumably settled with Serbs as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199153_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199153-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the maritime lands bordered "baptized Serbia" to the north. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-9th century, the hitherto peaceful neighbour of Bulgaria invaded but was defeated in war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbia was Christianized in ca. 870, although missions had been made during Heraclius' reign. In the following decades, members of the dynasty fought succession wars, and Serbia became a matter of Byzantine-Bulgarian rivalry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The written information regarding the dynasty ends with the DAI and Prince <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Caslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Časlav">Časlav</a>'s death (ca. 950), after which the realm crumbled into pieces. The Byzantines established a short-lived <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">catepanate at Ras</a>, with military governorship ending soon thereafter with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria" title="Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria">Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria</a>, and was re-established only ca. 1018 with the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a>. </p><p>Meanwhile, Duklja emerged as the dominant Serbian principality, that gradually also included Travunija, Zahumlje, Bosnia and Serbia proper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956288_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956288-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽivković200650–57_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽivković200650–57-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991193–95_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991193–95-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially a vassal of the Byzantine Empire, <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Vojislav" title="Stefan Vojislav">Stefan Vojislav</a> (<abbr title="floruit ('flourished' – known to have been active at a particular time or during a particular period)">fl.</abbr> 1034–1043) rose and managed to take over the territories of the earlier Serbian principality, founding the <a href="/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty">Vojislavljević dynasty</a>. Between 1043 and 1080, under <a href="/wiki/Mihailo_Vojislavljevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihailo Vojislavljević">Mihailo Vojislavljević</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span> 1050–1081), and his son, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Bodin" title="Constantine Bodin">Constantine Bodin</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1081–1101</span>), Duklja saw its apogee. Mihailo was given the nominal title <i>King of Slavs</i> by the Pope after having left the Byzantine camp and supported a <a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Georgi_Voyteh" title="Uprising of Georgi Voyteh">Slavic uprising</a> in the Balkans, in which his son Bodin played a central part. Having incorporated the Serbian hinterland and installed vassal rulers there, it emerged as the most powerful Serb polity, seen in the titles used by its rulers ("Prince of Serbia", "of Serbs"). However, its rise was short-lived, as Bodin was defeated by the Byzantines and imprisoned; pushed to the background, his relative and vassal Vukan became independent in Serbia, which continued the fight against the Byzantines while Duklja was struck with civil wars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png/260px-Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png/390px-Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png/520px-Ohrid_archbishopric_1020_01.png 2x" data-file-width="1087" data-file-height="1112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a> and its episcopal sees, including those in Serbian lands, from the beginning of the 11th to the beginning of the 13th century</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1091 or 1092, Vukan became independent, taking the title of Grand Prince (<i><a href="/wiki/Veliki_%C5%BEupan" class="mw-redirect" title="Veliki župan">veliki župan</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991224–225_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991224–225-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subordinate to him were local counts (titled <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDupa" title="Župa">župan</a></i>), who seem to have been more or less autonomous in the internal affairs of their counties, but who obliged loyalty, and warfare support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991225-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems that the counts were hereditary holders, holding their land before Duklja annexed Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991225-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vukan began raiding Byzantine territory in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo (region)">Kosovo</a> in ca. 1090, the Byzantines initially being unable to take counter-measures as they faced invading <a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991225-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After defeating the Pechenegs, <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> sent an army with the <a href="/wiki/Dyrrhachium_(theme)" title="Dyrrhachium (theme)">strategos of Dyrrhachium</a>, which was defeated by Vukan in 1092.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexios then mobilized a much larger army, led by himself, and marched onto Serbia; Vukan sent envoys, seeking peace, which Alexios quickly accepted as problems arose at home with <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a> plundering as far as <a href="/wiki/Adrianople" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople">Adrianople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immediately after the Emperor's departure, Vukan broke the treaty and began to expand along the Vardar, obtaining much booty and taking the cities of <a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1094 or 1095, Alexios marched out and met Vukan, who offered peace and gave twenty hostages including his cousin Uroš and son Stefan (it was usual for relatives of rulers to stay at the Imperial court as hostages of peace).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Vukan acted entirely on his own, no longer a vassal of Duklja, which because of its civil war did not involve itself in the conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Bodin's death in 1101, Vukan took advantage of the dynastic civil wars in Duklja, and allied with <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dapar" title="Kočapar">Kočapar</a>, with whom he invaded Duklja in 1102. Kočapar's reign was short-lived, as he fell in battle during a conflict with Zahumlje; Vukan installed another member of the dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_II_of_Duklja" title="Vladimir II of Duklja">Vladimir</a>, to whom he married his daughter. Upon spreading his influence in Duklja, Vukan invaded Byzantium once more in the spring of 1106, taking advantage of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Norman_wars" title="Byzantine–Norman wars">Norman campaign</a>, defeating co-emperor <a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a>, but then sent hostages in return for peace in November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991228_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991228-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no written record of Vukan after this war, and he is believed to have died in ca. 1112, succeeded by his cousin <a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_I,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia">Uroš</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mramorje_2012_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mramorje_2012_5.JPG/260px-Mramorje_2012_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mramorje_2012_5.JPG/390px-Mramorje_2012_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Mramorje_2012_5.JPG/520px-Mramorje_2012_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1787" /></a><figcaption>Medieval tombstones <a href="/wiki/Ste%C4%87ak" title="Stećak">Stećci</a> found in Grand Principality of Serbia; today <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1113 or 1114, the Byzantine army of Dyrrhachium invaded Duklja and captured its capital of <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Scutari</a>. They subsequently installed their protégé, while ruler Đorđe took refuge in Serbia under the protection of Uroš and married his relative. The two led an army into Duklja in 1125, successfully retaining most of its territory. After a Byzantine invasion of the maritime, they nominally recognized Gradinja, resulting in a guerrilla war which ended with Đorđe's capture. Gradinja, however, only ruled a small portion of Duklja and subsequently strengthened ties with Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991232–236_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991232–236-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ca. 1127, a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1127%E2%80%931129)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)">Byzantine–Hungarian war</a> broke out, with the Hungarians taking over Belgrade, then penetrating to Niš, Sofia, and Philippopolis, after which John defeated them with infantry and navy on the Danube.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbs, who had in the meantime recognized Byzantine rule, expelled the Byzantine governor at Ras, Kritopl, who fled to Constantinople where he was ridiculed. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uroš I had three sons, Uroš II, <a href="/wiki/Desa_(monarch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Desa (monarch)">Desa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belo%C5%A1" title="Beloš">Beloš</a>, and one daughter, <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Rascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena of Rascia">Jelena</a>, from a marriage with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Diogenissa" title="Anna Diogenissa">Anna Diogenissa</a>, the granddaughter of Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a>. On 1 March 1131, he married his daughter to King <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_II_of_Hungary" title="Béla II of Hungary">Béla II of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Béla II, being blind, relied entirely on Jelena who acted as a co-ruler. Jelena is sourced as having decided to massacre 68 aristocrats at the Arad assembly, due to their persuasion of <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a> to blind her husband earlier. In 1137, <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_II_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus II of Hungary">Ladislaus II</a>, the son of Béla II and Jelena, became the titular <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ban of Bosnia">Ban of Bosnia</a>. When Béla II died on 13 February 1141, the eldest son <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9za_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Géza II">Géza II</a> ascended the throne, still a child.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, Jelena and her brother Beloš, whom she had invited to the court, ruled the Kingdom of Hungary as regents until September 1146 when he came of age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1145 Beloš received the title of <i><a href="/wiki/Comes_palatinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes palatinus">comes palatinus</a></i> (count palatine), the highest court title — meaning he could substitute for the King whenever necessary. Since 1142 Beloš served as the <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simeon_Ljeviska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Simeon_Ljeviska.jpg/260px-Simeon_Ljeviska.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Simeon_Ljeviska.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a>, died in 1199 as monk Simeon</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/260px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/390px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg/520px-Miroslav%27s_Gospel_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="1968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Gospel" title="Miroslav Gospel">Miroslav Gospel</a>, one of the oldest surviving documents written in Serbian recension of <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a>, created by order of Prince <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Hum" title="Miroslav of Hum">Miroslav of Hum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Uroš I was succeeded by his son, Uroš II.<sup id="ref_b_1" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_b">[b]</a></sup> Beloš had close ties with Uroš II, and they were able to count on each other in times of trouble.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In ca. 1148, the political situation in the Balkans was divided by two sides, one being the alliance of the Byzantines and Venice, the other the Normans and Hungarians. The Normans were sure of the danger that the battlefield would move from the Balkans to their area in Italy. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a> also allied himself with the Germans after defeating the Cumans in 1148.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbs, Hungarians and Normans exchanged envoys, being in the interest of the Normans to stop Manuel's plans to recover Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1149, Beloš's Hungarian army aided Uroš II against the Byzantines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Serbs under brothers Uroš II and Desa revolted against the Byzantines when Manuel was in Avlona planning an offensive across the Adriatic, and this revolt posed danger to the Emperor if he would attack Italy, as the Serbs could strike at the Adriatic bases.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uroš II and Desa next undertook an offensive against <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_of_Duklja" title="Radoslav of Duklja">Radoslav of Duklja</a>, who was a loyal Byzantine vassal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radoslav was pushed to the southwestern corner of Duklja, to Kotor, and retained only the coastal area, with the brothers holding much of inland Duklja and Trebinje – over two-thirds of Duklja.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radoslav sought help from the Emperor, who sent aid from Dyrrhachium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this moment, the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Priest_of_Duklja" title="Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja">Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja</a></i> ends, presumably because the author of the original text had died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major war was about to erupt in the Balkans; Uroš II and Desa, in light of Byzantine retaliation, sought aid from their brother Beloš, the <a href="/wiki/Count_palatine" title="Count palatine">count palatine</a> of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1150, Hungarian troops played an active role in Serbia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1150, Desa was mentioned in a charter as <i>dux</i> of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje. In 1150, Uroš II swore loyalty to the Byzantine Emperor and demanded that Desa be put in prison. He recovered his title and lands, and Desa also swore loyalty, and was recognized as ruler of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pomorje" title="Pomorje">Dalmatian lands</a></i>. The two brothers were to rule the appointed regions as Manuel's vassals. The event was part of what would become a competition between the Byzantine Emperor and Holy Roman Emperor that would soon move into Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1151, Manuel I declared war on Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was because Hungary had aided Serbia in its revolts against Byzantine rule. Byzantine troops <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Hungarian_War_(1149%E2%80%931155)" title="Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155)">were sent</a> into <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> and across the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Byzantines caused great destruction and then withdrew, the operation being strictly punitive, with no occupation of lands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Géza II soon signed a peace treaty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next 20 years, there were to be 10 campaigns against Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manuel I was able to keep the Hungarians under control in the Balkans, at the expense of abandoning the Norman conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1153, Desa ousted Uroš II; the pro-Hungarian faction at the Serbian court was upset with the Byzantine overlordship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In autumn 1154, Manuel I settled the dispute between Uroš II and Desa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Emperor restored Uroš II in 1155 or 1156 and gave Desa the appanage of Dendra near <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>. In 1161–62, Uroš II was briefly replaced by Beloš, who then returned to his office in Hungary and Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991239_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991239-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uroš II seems to have died in 1165 or 1166. </p><p>Manuel I now put <a href="/wiki/Tihomir_of_Serbia" title="Tihomir of Serbia">Tihomir</a> at the Serbian throne; he was the son of <a href="/wiki/Zavida" title="Zavida">Zavida</a>, a close relative to Uroš II who had held <a href="/wiki/Zahumlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahumlje">Zahumlje</a>. The rule was divided between Tihomir and his three younger brothers: Tihomir held supreme rule, while <a href="/wiki/Stracimir_Zavidovi%C4%87" title="Stracimir Zavidović">Stracimir</a> ruled <a href="/wiki/West_Morava" title="West Morava">West Morava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Hum" title="Miroslav of Hum">Miroslav</a> ruled <a href="/wiki/Zahumlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahumlje">Hum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunija</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a> ruled <a href="/wiki/Toplica_(river)" title="Toplica (river)">Toplica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ibar_(river)" title="Ibar (river)">Ibar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rasina_(river)" title="Rasina (river)">Rasina</a> and Reke. The youngest of the brothers, Nemanja, was also given the county of <a href="/wiki/Dubo%C4%8Dica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubočica">Dubočica</a> by Manuel I; he had aided the Byzantines against the Hungarians in Syrmia (1164). Tihomir most likely saw Nemanja's ties with Manuel I as a threat. Nemanja had monasteries built in <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1umlija" title="Kuršumlija">Kuršumlija</a> and near <a href="/wiki/Kosanica" title="Kosanica">Kosanica</a>, without the approval of Tihomir; Nemanja thought he had the freedom to do so, while Tihomir disagreed, thinking that Nemanja sought independence as he had close relations with Manuel I. </p><p>Tihomir had Nemanja imprisoned, and his lands taken. Nemanja's supporters conspired to the church that Tihomir had done all this because of his disapproval of church building, thus the Serbian church turned against him; Nemanja managed to escape, and returned to his lands. Now, Nemanja mobilized an army, possibly with Byzantine help (Manuel I might have been displeased with Tihomir's acting), and headed for the crown. Tihomir, Stracimir and Miroslav were defeated, and expelled to Byzantium in 1167. As Nemanja had now become very powerful, and the Byzantines had wanted to see Serbia weak by dividing it, Manuel I now turned to the expelled brothers. Tihomir, provided with an army, was dispatched from <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and met Nemanja's large army near <a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Dan" title="Zvečan">Zvečan</a>. Nemanja decisively <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pantino">defeated him at Pantino</a>, with Tihomir drowning in the <a href="/wiki/Sitnica" title="Sitnica">Sitnica</a> river, and then proceeded to capture his other brothers with whom he made peace and offered their former lands in return for recognizing him as the only ruler of Serbia. Although not recorded in the historical sources, somewhere in the second half of the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Stari Ras</a> was conquered and came under full Serbian control, becoming the centre of defence and residency for a long period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopović199938,_302–303,_306_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopović199938,_302–303,_306-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Serbia" title="Category:History of Serbia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of <span class="fn org label">Serbia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)"><img alt="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/230px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/345px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/460px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Centuries_in_Serbia" title="Category:Centuries in Serbia">By century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_century_in_Serbia" title="9th century in Serbia">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_Serbia" title="10th century in Serbia">10th</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Paleolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Mesolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Mesolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Neolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Bronze_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Iron_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Iron Age</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Ancient_tribes" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Pre-Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autariatae" title="Autariatae">Autariatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triballi" title="Triballi">Triballi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Early Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Late Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Moesia">Diocese of Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#Early_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 600 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; font-size:95%; padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(Early_Middle_Ages)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia (Early Middle Ages)">Bosnia</a></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 7th–10th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">Catepanate of Ras</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 969–976</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#High_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty">Duklja (Zeta)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 11th–12th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1018–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Grand_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Grand Principality">Grand Principality</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1071–1217</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1217–1346</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Stefan_Dragutin" title="Realm of Stefan Dragutin">King Dragutin's realm</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1282–1325</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1346–1371</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Lordship of Prilep</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1395</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Prince Lazar's Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1402</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/District_of_Brankovi%C4%87" title="District of Branković">Vuk's Land</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1537</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_history_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern history of Serbia">Early Modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1459–1804</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_%C4%8Celnik" title="Radoslav Čelnik">Radoslav Čelnik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1526–1530</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Lugoj_and_Caransebe%C8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș">Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 16th–17th</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-occupied_Serbia_(1686%E2%80%931691)" title="Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691)">Habsburg occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1686–1699</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Great_Serb_Migrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Serb Migrations">Great Serb Migrations</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1690 and<br />1737–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1702–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1718–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da%27s_frontier" class="mw-redirect" title="Koča's frontier">Koča's frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1788–1791</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia 1804–1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1815</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1815–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1849</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Serbia and Banat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1849–1860</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1882–1918</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia since 1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1941<br /></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Axis occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1944–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Constituent state with Montenegro</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1992–2006</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Republic of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2006–<small>present</small></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Serbia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Serbia" title="Template talk:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Serbian lands (<i>Raška</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patkovo" title="Patkovo">Patkovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvosno" title="Hvosno">Hvosno</a></li> <li>Podrimlje</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toplica_(river)" title="Toplica (river)">Toplica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibar_(river)" title="Ibar (river)">Ibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasina_(river)" title="Rasina (river)">Rasina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Morava" title="West Morava">West Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubo%C4%8Dica" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubočica">Dubočica</a></li> <li>Kostrc</li> <li>Draškovina</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitnica" title="Sitnica">Sitnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lab_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lab (river)">Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipljan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipljan">Lipljan</a></li> <li>Glbočica</li> <li>Reke</li> <li>Uska</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_Valley" title="Morava Valley">Pomoravlje</a></li> <li>Zagrlata</li> <li>Levče</li> <li>Belica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_(river)" title="Lim (river)">Lim</a></li> <li>Kujavča</li> <li>Zatrnava</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_(crown_land)" title="Zeta (crown land)">Zeta</a> (historical <a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>) <ul><li>Luška</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budva" title="Budva">Budva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogo%C5%A1t" class="mw-redirect" title="Onogošt">Onogošt</a></li> <li>Oblik</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribnica_(river)" title="Ribnica (river)">Ribnica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahumlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahumlje">Hum (Zahumlje)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ston" title="Ston">Ston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popovo_(%C5%BEupa)" title="Popovo (župa)">Popovo</a></li> <li>Dubrava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luka_(%C5%BEupa)" title="Luka (župa)">Luka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabar_(%C5%BEupa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabar (župa)">Dabar</a></li> <li>Žapska</li> <li>Gorička</li> <li>Večenik</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunija" class="mw-redirect" title="Travunija">Travunija</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trebinje" title="Trebinje">Trebinje</a></li> <li>Urmo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konavlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Konavlje">Konavlje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risan" title="Risan">Risan</a></li> <li>Rudina</li></ul></li> <li>Raban (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Arbanon</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_(%C5%BEupa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilot (župa)">Pilot</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The important <a href="/wiki/Via_de_Zenta" title="Via de Zenta">Via de Zenta</a>, a trade route connecting the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> with Serbia started from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Buna_(Adriatic_Sea)" title="Buna (Adriatic Sea)">Bojana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a> (Skadar) port, (alternatively <a href="/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro" title="Bar, Montenegro">Bar</a> then <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>) along the <a href="/wiki/Drin_Valley" title="Drin Valley">Drin Valley</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Lipljan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipljan">Lipljan</a>, then through <a href="/wiki/Novo_Brdo" title="Novo Brdo">Novo Brdo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vranje" title="Vranje">Vranje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusa</a> used the road for trade with Serbia and <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Kinnamos" title="John Kinnamos">John Kinnamos</a>, writing about the Byzantine conquest of Galič near Kosovska Mitrovica in 1149, said that many barbarians were imprisoned "who were partly warriors and partly cattle breeders". </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_of_Tyre" title="William of Tyre">William, the archbishop of Tyre</a>, when crossing Serbia for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> in 1168, he described the Serbs: <i>"They are rich in herds and flocks and unusually well supplied with <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wax" title="Wax">wax</a>"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 12th and 13th centuries the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a> benefited greatly by becoming a commercial outpost of the rising and prosperous Serbian state, especially after the signing of a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Stefan_the_First-Crowned" title="Stefan the First-Crowned">Stefan the First-Crowned</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in 1268, Uroš signed a treaty with Ragusa imposing the, so-called, St. Demetrious Revenue (Svetodimitarski dohodak), by which Ragusans were to pay to Serbian king 2,000 hyperperi a year.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecclesiastical">Ecclesiastical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Monastery of St. Nicholas, in <a href="/wiki/Kur%C5%A1umlija" title="Kuršumlija">Kuršumlija</a></li> <li>Monastery of the Holy Mother of Christ, between <a href="/wiki/Kosanica" title="Kosanica">Kosanica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toplica_(river)" title="Toplica (river)">Toplica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ur%C4%91evi_Stupovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Đurđevi Stupovi">Temple of George's Columns</a> (Đurđevi stupovi), in 1171 in <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studenica_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Studenica monastery">Temple of the Immaculate Holy Virgin the Benefactor</a> (Studenica), in 1190 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibar_(district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibar (district) (page does not exist)">Ibar</a></li> <li>Church of the Holy Mother of Christ, at the confluence of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bistrica_(Lim)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bistrica (Lim) (page does not exist)">Bistrica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lim_(river)" title="Lim (river)">Lim</a></li> <li>Monastery of St. Nicholas, in <a href="/wiki/Kon%C4%8Dulj" title="Končulj">Končulj</a> on the Ibar</li> <li>Nunnery of the Mother of Christ, in <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rulers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ruler </th> <th>Reign </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vukan,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Vukan, Grand Prince of Serbia">Vukan</a> </td> <td>1091–1112 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_I,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia">Uroš I</a> </td> <td>1112–1145 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uro%C5%A1_II,_Grand_Prince_of_Serbia" title="Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia">Uroš II</a> </td> <td>1145–1153 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Desa_(monarch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Desa (monarch)">Desa</a> </td> <td>1153–1155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uroš II </td> <td>1155–1162 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belo%C5%A1" title="Beloš">Beloš</a> </td> <td>1162 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Desa </td> <td>1162–1166 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tihomir_of_Serbia" title="Tihomir of Serbia">Tihomir</a> </td> <td>1166–1168 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Nemanja</a> </td> <td>1168–1196 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stefan_the_First-Crowned" title="Stefan the First-Crowned">Stefan</a> </td> <td>1196–1202 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vukan_Nemanji%C4%87" title="Vukan Nemanjić">Vukan</a> </td> <td>1202–1204 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stefan </td> <td>1204–1217 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality of Serbia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">List of Serbian monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Ohrid" title="Archbishopric of Ohrid">Archbishopric of Ohrid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style=""><ol class="references" style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"> <li id="cnote_a"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_a_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text">The Latin name <i>Rascia</i> or <i>Rassa</i> (sr. <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>) was used as an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> for Serbia in Western sources since the 13th century. <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(river)" title="Raška (river)">Raška</a> was a river flowing through the region, <a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Ras</a> was a royal estate, and seat of <a href="/wiki/Eparchy_of_Ra%C5%A1ka_and_Prizren" title="Eparchy of Raška and Prizren">an eparchy</a>. All contemporary Byzantine works used "Serbia" for the state. Papal charters from the 11th and 12th centuries show that "Rascia" was not used for the state. Only in the time of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a>, the term came to begin being used as a synonym for Serbia in Western sources, although still alongside "Serbia": The <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Hungarorum" title="Gesta Hungarorum">Gesta Hungarorum</a></i> (1172–96) used "terra Racy" (Rascian land), bishop <a href="/wiki/Diepold_of_Berg" title="Diepold of Berg">Diepold</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Passau" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau">Passau</a> called the state "Serbia" (1189), while <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Expedition_of_the_Emperor_Frederick" title="History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick">Ansbert</a> called Nemanja the "Grand Prince of Serbia and Rascia". The term "Rascia" was principally used in the 14th century for the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalić1995147-155_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalić1995147-155-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common misunderstanding comes from the 14th century <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_of_the_Priest_of_Duklja" title="Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja">Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja</a></i> which anachronistically refers to pre mid-12th century Principality of Serbia as Raška.<sup id="cite_ref-Novakovic_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Novakovic-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> <li id="cnote_b"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#ref_b_1">^</a></b></span> <div style="display:inline;" class="reference-text"><b>Reign:</b> Fine in <i>The Early Medieval Balkans</i> puts his reign "by 1145 to early 1160s", with Desa briefly ruling in 1150 and 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991298_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991298-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine in <i>The Late Medieval Balkans</i> puts his reign until 1161/1162, with Desa briefly ruling in 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine19942_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine19942-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽivković2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽivković2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŽivković2008">Živković 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanković200439-61-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanković200439-61_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanković2004">Janković 2004</a>, p. 39-61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoravcsik1967153,_155_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoravcsik1967">Moravcsik 1967</a>, pp. 153, 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine199153-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine199153_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991108,_110_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 108, 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991141-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991141_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956288-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstrogorsky1956288_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOstrogorsky1956">Ostrogorsky 1956</a>, pp. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽivković200650–57-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽivković200650–57_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŽivković2006">Živković 2006</a>, pp. 50–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991193–95-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991193–95_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 193–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991224–225-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991224–225_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 224–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991225-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991225_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991226-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991226_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991228-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991228_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5619/">"Stećak's - Medieval Tombstones"</a>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 7 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ste%C4%87ak%27s+-+Medieval+Tombstones&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5619%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991232–236-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991232–236_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, pp. 232–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991236-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991236_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991237-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991237_19-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStephenson2000245–246_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStephenson2000">Stephenson 2000</a>, p. 245–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991238-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991238_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991239-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991239_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPopović199938,_302–303,_306-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPopović199938,_302–303,_306_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopović1999">Popović 1999</a>, p. 38, 302–303, 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William of Tyre, <i>Historia Transmarina</i> 20.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrerfGc7kUoC&dq=serbian+empire+dusan+dubrovnik&pg=PT9">The Birth of Yugoslavia</a> by Henry Baerlein</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-5hnDwAAQBAJ&dq=serbia+dubrovnik&pg=RA1-PA84">Dubovnik:A History</a> by Robin Harris, section "Conflicts with Serbia"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKalić1995147-155-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKalić1995147-155_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKalić1995">Kalić 1995</a>, p. 147-155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Novakovic-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Novakovic_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaković1981" class="citation book cs1">Novaković, Relja (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/istorija/rnovakovic/rnovakovic-srbija.html"><i>Gde se nalazila Srbija od VII do XII veka</i></a>. Narodna knjiga i Istorijski institut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gde+se+nalazila+Srbija+od+VII+do+XII+veka&rft.pub=Narodna+knjiga+i+Istorijski+institut&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Novakovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Relja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Fistorija%2Frnovakovic%2Frnovakovic-srbija.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RXFpAAAAMAAJ">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine1991298-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine1991298_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1991">Fine 1991</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFine19942-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFine19942_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFФерјанчић1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%BEidar_Ferjan%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Božidar Ferjančić">Ферјанчић, Божидар</a> (1959). "Константин VII Порфирогенит". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/15762910/SANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-2"><i>Византиски извори за историју народа Југославије</i></a>. Vol. 2. Београд: Византолошки институт. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+VII+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.aufirst=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F15762910%2FSANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlusinCheynet2003" class="citation book cs1">Flusin, Bernard; Cheynet, Jean-Claude, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sFNoAAAAMAAJ"><i>John Scylitzès: Empereurs de Constantinople</i></a>. Paris: Lethielleux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782283604595" title="Special:BookSources/9782283604595"><bdi>9782283604595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Scylitz%C3%A8s%3A+Empereurs+de+Constantinople&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Lethielleux&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9782283604595&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsFNoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКунчер2009" class="citation book cs1">Кунчер, Драгана (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/27256737/Gesta-Regum-Sclavorum-I"><i>Gesta Regum Sclavorum</i></a>. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesta+Regum+Sclavorum&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80&rft.aufirst=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F27256737%2FGesta-Regum-Sclavorum-I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoravcsik1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gyula_Moravcsik" title="Gyula Moravcsik">Moravcsik, Gyula</a>, ed. (1967) [1949]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC"><i>Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio</i></a> (2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884020219" title="Special:BookSources/9780884020219"><bdi>9780884020219</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine+Porphyrogenitus%3A+De+Administrando+Imperio&rft.place=Washington+D.C.&rft.edition=2nd+revised&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks+Center+for+Byzantine+Studies&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=9780884020219&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3al15wpFWiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОстрогорскиБаришић1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Острогорски, Георгије</a>; Баришић, Фрањо, eds. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/15762924/SANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-3"><i>Византијски извори за историју народа Југославије</i></a>. Vol. 3. Београд: Византолошки институт.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F15762924%2FSANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFОстрогорскиБаришић1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Острогорски, Георгије</a>; Баришић, Фрањо, eds. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/15762934/SANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-4"><i>Византијски извори за историју народа Југославије</i></a>. Vol. 4. Београд: Византолошки институт.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F15762934%2FSANU-Posebna-Izdanja-Vizantijski-Izvori-Za-Istoriju-Naroda-Jugoslavije-Tom-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThallóczyÁldásy1907" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lajos_Thall%C3%B3czy" title="Lajos Thallóczy">Thallóczy, Lajos</a>; Áldásy, Antal, eds. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KozMagyOkmanytarak_Tortenelmi_emlekek_Szerbia"><i>Magyarország és Szerbia közti összeköttetések oklevéltára 1198-1526</i></a>. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magyarorsz%C3%A1g+%C3%A9s+Szerbia+k%C3%B6zti+%C3%B6sszek%C3%B6ttet%C3%A9sek+oklev%C3%A9lt%C3%A1ra+1198-1526&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Magyar+Tudom%C3%A1nyos+Akad%C3%A9mia&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.hungaricana.hu%2Fhu%2Fview%2FKozMagyOkmanytarak_Tortenelmi_emlekek_Szerbia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurn1973" class="citation book cs1">Thurn, Hans, ed. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=79jH-QXdf0EC"><i>Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum</i></a>. Berlin-New York: De Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110022858" title="Special:BookSources/9783110022858"><bdi>9783110022858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ioannis+Scylitzae+Synopsis+historiarum&rft.place=Berlin-New+York&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9783110022858&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D79jH-QXdf0EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFШишић1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ferdo_%C5%A0i%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ferdo Šišić">Шишић, Фердо</a>, ed. (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HXwCSCgxTlcC"><i>Летопис Попа Дукљанина</i></a>. Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0+%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%99%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1&rft.pub=%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHXwCSCgxTlcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWortley2010" class="citation book cs1">Wortley, John, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C"><i>John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057</i></a>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139489157" title="Special:BookSources/9781139489157"><bdi>9781139489157</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Skylitzes%3A+A+Synopsis+of+Byzantine+History%2C+811%E2%80%931057&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781139489157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvGE8Xq832A0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFЖивковић2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Живковић, Тибор</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/66926958/Tibor-Zivkovic-Gesta-Regum-Sclavorum-II"><i>Gesta Regum Sclavorum</i></a>. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gesta+Regum+Sclavorum&rft.place=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.pub=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B&rft.aufirst=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F66926958%2FTibor-Zivkovic-Gesta-Regum-Sclavorum-II&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Secondary sources</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBataković2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_T._Batakovi%C4%87" title="Dušan T. Bataković">Bataković, Dušan T.</a>, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a0jA_LdH6nsC"><i>Histoire du peuple serbe</i></a> [<i>History of the Serbian People</i>] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782825119587" title="Special:BookSources/9782825119587"><bdi>9782825119587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+peuple+serbe&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=L%E2%80%99Age+d%E2%80%99Homme&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9782825119587&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da0jA_LdH6nsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlagojević2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Blagojevi%C4%87" title="Miloš Blagojević">Blagojević, Miloš</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=srAVAQAAIAAJ"><i>Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama</i></a> (in Serbian). Službeni list SRJ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788635504971" title="Special:BookSources/9788635504971"><bdi>9788635504971</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dr%C5%BEavna+uprava+u+srpskim+srednjovekovnim+zemljama&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+list+SRJ&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9788635504971&rft.aulast=Blagojevi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milo%C5%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsrAVAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIAYMNOOe0YC"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521815390" title="Special:BookSources/9780521815390"><bdi>9780521815390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780521815390&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIAYMNOOe0YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-sqiDwAAQBAJ"><i>Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300)</i></a>. Leiden and Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004395190" title="Special:BookSources/9789004395190"><bdi>9789004395190</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages+%28500-1300%29&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789004395190&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-sqiDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinić1966" class="citation journal cs1">Dinić, M. (1966). "O nazivima srednjovekovne srpske države". <i>Prilozi za književnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor</i>. <b>32</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2). Belgrade.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prilozi+za+knji%C5%BEevnost%2C+jezik%2C+istoriju+i+folklor&rft.atitle=O+nazivima+srednjovekovne+srpske+dr%C5%BEave&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Dini%C4%87&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1991) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C"><i>The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century</i></a>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08149-7"><bdi>0-472-08149-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Sixth+to+the+Late+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-472-08149-7&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY0NBxG9Id58C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Van_Antwerp_Fine_Jr." title="John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.">Fine, John V. A. Jr.</a> (1994) [1987]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-08260-4"><bdi>0-472-08260-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-472-08260-4&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.+A.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDimnik2004" class="citation journal cs1">Dimnik, Martin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUl53tLtFukC">"Kievan Rus', the Bulgars and the southern Slavs, c. 1020—c. 1200"</a>. <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History</i>. <b>4</b>: <span class="nowrap">254–</span>276. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCHOL9780521414111.011">10.1017/CHOL9780521414111.011</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139054034" title="Special:BookSources/9781139054034"><bdi>9781139054034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=Kievan+Rus%27%2C+the+Bulgars+and+the+southern+Slavs%2C+c.+1020%E2%80%94c.+1200&rft.volume=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E254-%3C%2Fspan%3E276&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521414111.011&rft.isbn=9781139054034&rft.aulast=Dimnik&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUl53tLtFukC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dvornik" title="Francis Dvornik">Dvornik, Francis</a> (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/slavsineuropeanh0000dvor"><i>The Slavs in European History and Civilization</i></a></span>. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Slavs+in+European+History+and+Civilization&rft.place=New+Brunswick&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fslavsineuropeanh0000dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanković2004" class="citation journal cs1">Janković, Đorđe (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/delo/13047">"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum"</a>. <i>Гласник Српског археолошког друштва</i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">39–</span>61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=The+Slavs+in+the+6th+Century+North+Illyricum&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Jankovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C4%90or%C4%91e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Farheologija%2Fdelo%2F13047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalić1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jovanka_Kali%C4%87" title="Jovanka Kalić">Kalić, Jovanka</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rastko.rs/istorija/srbi-balkan/jkalic-raska.html">"Rascia - The Nucleus of the Medieval Serbian State"</a>. <i>The Serbian Question in the Balkans</i>. Belgrade: Faculty of Geography. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>155.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rascia+-+The+Nucleus+of+the+Medieval+Serbian+State&rft.btitle=The+Serbian+Question+in+the+Balkans&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E155&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Geography&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Kali%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jovanka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Fistorija%2Fsrbi-balkan%2Fjkalic-raska.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalić2017" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jovanka_Kali%C4%87" title="Jovanka Kalić">Kalić, Jovanka</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/ft.aspx?id=0350-76531748007K">"The First Coronation Churches of Medieval Serbia"</a>. <i>Balcanica</i> (48): <span class="nowrap">7–</span>18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FBALC1748007K">10.2298/BALC1748007K</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=The+First+Coronation+Churches+of+Medieval+Serbia&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FBALC1748007K&rft.aulast=Kali%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Jovanka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fft.aspx%3Fid%3D0350-76531748007K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKomatina2016" class="citation book cs1">Komatina, Ivana (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MaOADgAAQBAJ"><i>Crkva i država u srpskim zemljama od XI do XIII veka</i></a> [<i>Church and State in the Serbian Lands from the XIth to the XIIIth Century</i>]. Istorijski institut. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7743-113-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7743-113-6"><bdi>978-86-7743-113-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crkva+i+dr%C5%BEava+u+srpskim+zemljama+od+XI+do+XIII+veka&rft.pub=Istorijski+institut&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-86-7743-113-6&rft.aulast=Komatina&rft.aufirst=Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMaOADgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovaković2010" class="citation web cs1">Novaković, Relja (2010) [1981]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/istorija/rnovakovic/rnovakovic-srbija.html">"Gde se nalazila Srbija od VII do XII veka: Zaključak i rezime monografije"</a> (Internet ed.). Belgrade: Narodna knjiga i Istorijski institut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gde+se+nalazila+Srbija+od+VII+do+XII+veka%3A+Zaklju%C4%8Dak+i+rezime+monografije&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.edition=Internet&rft.pub=Narodna+knjiga+i+Istorijski+institut&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Novakovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Relja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Fistorija%2Frnovakovic%2Frnovakovic-srbija.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopović1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Popović, Marko (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/30335784"><i>Tvrđava Ras</i></a> [<i>The Fortress of Ras</i>] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Archaeological Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788680093147" title="Special:BookSources/9788680093147"><bdi>9788680093147</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tvr%C4%91ava+Ras&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Archaeological+Institute&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788680093147&rft.aulast=Popovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Marko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F30335784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrejovićGavrilovićĆirković1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Srejović, Dragoslav; Gavrilović, Slavko; Ćirković, Sima M. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4BNXAAAAYAAJ"><i>Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od najstarijih vremena do Maričke bitke (1371)</i></a> (in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorija+srpskog+naroda%3A+knj.+Od+najstarijih+vremena+do+Mari%C4%8Dke+bitke+%281371%29&rft.pub=Srpska+knji%C5%BEevna+zadruga&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Srejovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragoslav&rft.au=Gavrilovi%C4%87%2C+Slavko&rft.au=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87%2C+Sima+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4BNXAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanojević1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanoje_Stanojevi%C4%87" title="Stanoje Stanojević">Stanojević, Stanoje</a> (1989) [1927]. <i>Сви српски владари: биографије српских (са црногорским и босанским) и преглед хрватских владара</i>. Opovo: Simbol. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-81299-04-2" title="Special:BookSources/86-81299-04-2"><bdi>86-81299-04-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%3A+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%28%D1%81%D0%B0+%D1%86%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%29+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.place=Opovo&rft.pub=Simbol&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=86-81299-04-2&rft.aulast=Stanojevi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Stanoje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2000" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, Paul (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ILiOI0UgxHoC"><i>Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900-1204</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521770170" title="Special:BookSources/9780521770170"><bdi>9780521770170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium%27s+Balkan+Frontier%3A+A+Political+Study+of+the+Northern+Balkans%2C+900-1204&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521770170&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DILiOI0UgxHoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeselinovićLjušić2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Veselinović, Andrija; Ljušić, Radoš (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gWctAQAAIAAJ"><i>Srpske dinastije</i></a> (in Serbian). Službeni glasnik. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-86-7549-921-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-86-7549-921-3"><bdi>978-86-7549-921-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srpske+dinastije&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+glasnik&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-86-7549-921-3&rft.aulast=Veselinovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Andrija&rft.au=Lju%C5%A1i%C4%87%2C+Rado%C5%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgWctAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Živković, Tibor (2006). <i>Портрети српских владара (IX-XII век)</i> (in Serbian). Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-17-13754-1" title="Special:BookSources/86-17-13754-1"><bdi>86-17-13754-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0+%28IX-XII+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%29&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Zavod+za+ud%C5%BEbenike&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=86-17-13754-1&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JlIsAQAAIAAJ"><i>Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550–1150</i></a>. Belgrade: The Institute of History, Čigoja štampa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675585732" title="Special:BookSources/9788675585732"><bdi>9788675585732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forging+unity%3A+The+South+Slavs+between+East+and+West+550%E2%80%931150&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+History%2C+%C4%8Cigoja+%C5%A1tampa&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9788675585732&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJlIsAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Principality+of+Serbia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&oldid=1268503318">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&oldid=1268503318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Category:Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality of Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_history_of_Serbia" title="Category:Medieval history of Serbia">Medieval history of Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th_century_in_Serbia" title="Category:11th century in Serbia">11th century in Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:12th_century_in_Serbia" title="Category:12th century in Serbia">12th century in Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th_century_in_Serbia" title="Category:13th century in Serbia">13th century in Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_the_11th_century" title="Category:States and territories established in the 11th century">States and territories established in the 11th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_the_13th_century" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in the 13th century">States and territories disestablished in the 13th century</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vukanovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Category:Vukanović dynasty">Vukanović dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nemanji%C4%87_dynasty" title="Category:Nemanjić dynasty">Nemanjić dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1091_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1091 establishments in Europe">1091 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1210s_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1210s disestablishments in Europe">1210s disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_principalities" title="Category:Former principalities">Former principalities</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Serbian-language text">Articles containing Serbian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Lang-xx_templates" title="Category:Pages using Lang-xx templates">Pages using Lang-xx templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Serbian-language_sources_(sr)" title="Category:CS1 Serbian-language sources (sr)">CS1 Serbian-language sources (sr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 January 2025, at 03:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_Principality_of_Serbia&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Principality of Serbia</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>37 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-vwnk5","wgBackendResponseTime":149,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.026","walltime":"1.233","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9421,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":183881,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16202,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":128141,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1057.091 1 -total"," 20.53% 217.014 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 16.80% 177.541 54 Template:Sfn"," 14.39% 152.148 30 Template:Cite_book"," 10.31% 109.009 1 Template:History_of_Serbia"," 10.09% 106.697 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 9.99% 105.551 2 Template:Native_name"," 8.73% 92.264 1 Template:Reflist"," 6.98% 73.791 2 Template:Cite_web"," 6.19% 65.477 1 Template:Commons_category"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.641","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18113533,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBataković2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlagojević2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurta2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurta2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDimnik2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDinić1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDvornik1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlusinCheynet2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanković2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalić1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalić2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKomatina2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoravcsik1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaković1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNovaković2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstrogorsky1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopović1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrejovićGavrilovićĆirković1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanojević1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephenson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThallóczyÁldásy1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThurn1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeselinovićLjušić2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWortley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĆirković2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽivković2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽivković2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFЖивковић2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFКунчер2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFОстрогорскиБаришић1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFОстрогорскиБаришић1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFФерјанчић1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFШишић1928\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Cnote2\"] = 2,\n [\"Cnote2 Begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Cnote2 End\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Cref2\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Serbia, Grand Principality\"] = 1,\n [\"Floruit\"] = 1,\n [\"History of Serbia\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang-sr-Cyrl\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang-sr-Cyrl-Latn\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 1,\n [\"Reigned\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 54,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"The Early Medieval Balkans\"] = 1,\n [\"The Late Medieval Balkans\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-mlcks","timestamp":"20250214045616","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Grand Principality of Serbia","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1311990","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1311990","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-04-03T19:22:05Z","dateModified":"2025-01-10T03:01:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5c\/Public_Schools_Historical_Atlas_-_Europe_1135.jpg","headline":"Medieval principality in Eastern Europe"}</script> </body> </html>