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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Filosofisk_taoisme_(Tao-chia)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosofisk_taoisme_(Tao-chia)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Filosofisk taoisme (Tao-chia)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosofisk_taoisme_(Tao-chia)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religiøs_taoisme_(Tao_chiao)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religiøs_taoisme_(Tao_chiao)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Religiøs taoisme (Tao chiao)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religiøs_taoisme_(Tao_chiao)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taoisme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 152 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daoism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisma" title="Taoisma – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Taoisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismi" title="Daoismi – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Daoismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاوية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B4ismo" title="Taôismo – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Taôismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmu" title="Taoísmu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Taoísmu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1o_mbo%27e" title="Táo mbo'e – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táo mbo'e" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daosizm" title="Daosizm – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daosizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تائوئیزم – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تائوئیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Tao" title="Agama Tao – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Tao" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="তাওবাদ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাওবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D-k%C3%A0u" title="Tō-kàu – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даасізм – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даасізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даасізм – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Даасізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Даоизъм – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Даоизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏོའོ་ཅོའོ་ཆོས་ལུགས། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏོའོ་ཅོའོ་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoegezh" title="Daoegezh – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daoegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бомбын шажан – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бомбын шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismus" title="Taoismus – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taoismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utao" title="Utao – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Utao" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoaeth" title="Taoaeth – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taoaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاوية – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طاوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ταοϊσμός – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταοϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="تائوئیسم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تائوئیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisim" title="Taoisim – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Taoisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taochas" title="Taochas – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%93_%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE" title="તાઓ ધર્મ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાઓ ધર્મ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho-kau" title="Tho-kau – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tho-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EA%B5%90" title="도교 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դաոսականություն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դաոսականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpukpe_Tao" title="Okpukpe Tao – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okpukpe Tao" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="דאואיזם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאואיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B_t%C9%A9naa_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – grønlandsk" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grønlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಟಾವೊ ತತ್ತ್ವ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಾವೊ ತತ್ತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დაოსიზმი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაოსიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoieth" title="Taoieth – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Taoieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utao" title="Utao – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsm" title="Taoïsm – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Taoïsm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AEzm" title="Taoîzm – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Taoîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmo" title="Taoizmo – jødespansk" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Taoizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="jødespansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismus" title="Taoismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Taoismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoisms" title="Daoisms – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daoisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoizmas" title="Daoizmas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daoizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauisme" title="Dauisme – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dauisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmus" title="Taoizmus – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Taoizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Таоизам – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Таоизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B4isma" title="Taôisma – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taôisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="താവോയിസം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താവോയിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დაოსიზმი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დაოსიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طاويه – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طاويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4%CC%A4-g%C3%A1u" title="Dô̤-gáu – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dô̤-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бумбын шашин – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бумбын шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="တာအိုဘာသာ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာအိုဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daosizm" title="Daosizm – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daosizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਤਾਓਵਾਦ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਓਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تاؤ مت – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تاؤ مت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowizim" title="Dowizim – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Dowizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C" title="សាសនាតាវ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាសនាតាវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFme" title="Taoïme – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Taoïme" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таоізм – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Таоізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таоизм – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Таоизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismi" title="Taoismi – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Taoismi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauismu" title="Tauismu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tauismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmus" title="Taoizmus – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taoizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoizem" title="Daoizem – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daoizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayoismi" title="Tayoismi – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tayoismi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تاویزم – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاویزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Таоизам – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Таоизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolaisuus" title="Taolaisuus – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taolaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவோயியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவோயியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Даочылык – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Даочылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="టావోయిజం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టావోయిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ลัทธิเต๋า – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิเต๋า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwitawo" title="Khwitawo – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwitawo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تاؤ مت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاؤ مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="داۋجياۋ دىنى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="داۋجياۋ دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauhgyau" title="Dauhgyau – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dauhgyau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_gi%C3%A1o" title="Đạo giáo – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đạo giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawoyisse" title="Tawoyisse – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tawoyisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="טאאיזם – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאאיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C4%97zmos" title="Taoėzmos – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Taoėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9598#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taoisme" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tao.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/179px-Tao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/269px-Tao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/358px-Tao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Dao</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Taoismen</b>, også kalt <b>daoismen</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kinesisk" title="Kinesisk">kinesisk</a>: 道教 eller 道家; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>Dàojiào</i> eller <i>Dàojiā</i>) er et religiøst-filosofisk system som anses å være utviklet fra en spesiell forståelse av <b><a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">Tao</a></b> (道), som man primært finner nedfelt i verkene til de <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">kinesiske</a> vismenn <a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Zhuangzi" title="Zhuangzi">Zhuangzi</a>. </p><p>Taoismen er en av de tre store religiøse tradisjoner som har formet kinesisk kultur i de siste 2-3000 år. Dens åndelige ideal er forankret i en mytisk fortid da folk levde i enkelhet, i nær kontakt med naturen og uten de kompliserte problemer forbundet med politiske statsdannelser, definerte moralforskrifter og offentlige institusjoner. </p><p>Det taoistiske livsidealet er dermed forbundet med barnets væremåte slik det er preget av en åpen og positiv holdning til tilværelsen i glede og spontanitet. Man kan endog si at taoismen verdsetter en viss form for «anarkistisk» tilværelse. Idealtilstanden er den kaotiske fortid, den primordiale enhet som det ordnede og strukturerte samfunn har utviklet seg fra og senere forlatt. Taoistene henviser derfor ofte til naturen som et ideal for menneskelivet og den taoistiske vismann er den som unngår sosiale konvensjoner, etablerte moralske verdier og et sosialt og politisk forpliktende liv. </p><p>Det har derfor vært vanlig å kontrastere taoismen med konfusianismens vekt på individuell pliktmoral, ordnede samfunnsstrukturer og pragmatisk livsorientering. Taoismen på sin side er kjennetegnet av en åpen holdning til <a href="/wiki/Metafysikk" title="Metafysikk">metafysikk</a> og mystikk, samt mystiske og okkulte riter. Som sådan har taoismen fungert som en formidler mellom den mer offisielle konfusianske religionen og den folkelige religiøse praksis. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosofisk_taoisme_(Tao-chia)"><span id="Filosofisk_taoisme_.28Tao-chia.29"></span>Filosofisk taoisme (Tao-chia)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Filosofisk taoisme (Tao-chia)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Filosofisk taoisme (Tao-chia)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den filosofiske taoismen assosieres med skrifter som <i><a href="/wiki/Daodejing" title="Daodejing">Daodejing</a></i> (<i>Tao-te Ching</i>) <i><a href="/wiki/Zhuangzi_(bok)" title="Zhuangzi (bok)">Zhuangzi</a></i> (<i>Chuang-tzu</i>) og <i>Lieh-tzu</i>. Disse ble stort sett skrevet i borgerkrigstiden fra 481 til 221 f.Kr. De sentrale ideer kretser omkring begrepene <a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">tao</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tê (ikke skrevet ennå)">tê</a> der det førstnevnte betegner den ytterste, evige og kreative realitet som er alle tings kilde som kan erfares gjennom den mystiske ekstase, og sistnevnte betegner manifestasjonen av tao i alle ting. </p><p>Det å besitte fylden av tê innebærer å være i fullkommen harmoni med ens opprinnelige natur. Den som har oppnådd en slik tilstand forstår naturens ordninger i sin helhet og trenger derfor ikke frykte noe verken i liv eller død. En slik person er en vismann som avstår fra all formålsrettede og aktive handlinger. I stedet følger den vise prinsippet om wu-wei, det vil si den ikke-formålsrettede handling som er spontan (tzu-jan) og uten baktanker. Dette er slike handlinger man er vitne til når en for eksempel ser fugler flyr og fisk svømmer. Naturens ordninger viser mennesket hvordan det bør innrette sitt liv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religiøs_taoisme_(Tao_chiao)"><span id="Religi.C3.B8s_taoisme_.28Tao_chiao.29"></span>Religiøs taoisme (Tao chiao)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Religiøs taoisme (Tao chiao)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Religiøs taoisme (Tao chiao)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den religiøse taoisme med formulerte læresetninger, formalisert kult og institusjonelt lederskap utviklet seg i det 2. århundre e.Kr. og bygget på temaer og religiøse teknikker forbundet med ønsket om udødelighet. Selv om en slik form for taoisme står i et klart spenningsforhold til den filosofiske taoismen, fant man likevel elementer i de filosofiske tekstene som pekte i retning av livsforlengelse og beskyttelse for de som fulgte tao. De vise ble tolket som hsien, «udødelige», og dannet kjernen i den åndelige søken for de religiøse taoister. Lao-tzu ble guddommeliggjort som åpenbarer av hellige tekster og tolket som en frelser som hadde utviklet de nødvendige teknikker for å oppnå udødelighet. Teknikkene besto av: </p> <ul><li>Diett-forskrifter avhold fra mat som fremmer sykdom, alderdom og død.</li> <li>Pustekontroll og <a href="/wiki/Meditasjon" title="Meditasjon">meditasjon</a> visualisering av guder som ville hjelpe en til udødelighet.</li> <li>Seksuelle øvelser unngå ejakulasjon i seksuelle handlinger.</li> <li>Alkymi-eksperimenter midler som skulle invertere den normale aldringsprosessen.</li> <li>Bruk av magiske amuletter som beskyttet mot ondskap og fremmet helbredelse av sykdommer.</li></ul> <p>Ved å bruke slike teknikker, fremmet man de livskrefter som man er utstyrt med fra fødselen av, men som vanligvis hemmes gjennom innflytelsen fra det verdslige liv og hindrer den åndelige utviklingen. </p><p>Den religiøse taoismen har også sine røtter i andre trekk i den gamle kinesiske kulturen, ikke minst i den <a href="/wiki/Sjaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjaman">sjamanistiske</a> tradisjon der religiøse spesialister kunne kontakte de åndelige verdener, og i den <a href="/wiki/Liturgi" title="Liturgi">liturgiske</a> tradisjon der spesialister i riter og offerhandlinger kunne opptre som magikere og helbredere av sykdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daoismens_%C3%A5tte_skoler" title="Daoismens åtte skoler">Daoismens åtte skoler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Te_Ching" class="mw-redirect" title="Tao Te Ching">Tao Te Ching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanguan" title="Sanguan">Sanguan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Balfour, Frederic Henry, tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zhkNAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Divine Classic of Nan-Hua; Being the Works of Chuang Tsze, Taoist Philosopher</i></a> (Kelly & Walsh, 1881).</li> <li>Barrett, Rick. <i>Taijiquan: Through the Western Gate</i> (Blue Snake Books, 2006). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1583941398" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-58394-139-8</a>.</li> <li>Cane, Eulalio Paul. <i>Harmony: Radical Taoism Gently Applied</i> (Trafford Publishing, 2002). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1412247780" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4122-4778-0</a>.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Carr, Michael (1990). «Whence the Pronunciation of <i>Taoism</i>?». <i>Dictionaries</i>. 12: 55–74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3ATaoisme&rft.atitle=Whence+the+Pronunciation+of+Taoism%3F&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionaries&rft.pages=55-74&rft.volume=12&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Carr, David T. & Zhang, Canhui. <i>Space, Time, and Culture</i> (Springer, 2004). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1402028237" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4020-2823-7</a>.</li> <li>Chan Wing-tsit. <i>A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy</i> (Princeton, 1963). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0691019649" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-01964-9</a>.</li> <li>Chang, Stephen T. <i>The Great Tao</i> (Tao Longevity LLC, 1985). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0942196015" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-942196-01-5</a>.</li> <li>Demerath, Nicholas J. <i>Crossing the Gods: World Religions and Worldly Politics</i> (Rutgers University Press, 2003). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0813532078" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8135-3207-8</a>.</li> <li>Dumoulin, Heinrich, Heisig, James W. & Knitter, Paul. <i>Zen Buddhism: A History (India and China)</i> (World Wisdom, Inc, 2005). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0941532895" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-941532-89-5</a>.</li> <li>Eliade, Mircea. <i>A History of Religious Ideas, Volume 2</i>. Translated by Willard R. Trask. Chicago: <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (ikke skrevet ennå)">University of Chicago Press</a>, 1984.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Elorduy" title="Carmelo Elorduy">Carmelo Elorduy</a>: <i>Sesenta y cuatro conceptos de la ideología taoísta</i>. Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad Andrés Bello, Caracas, 1972.</li> <li>Fasching, Darrell J. & deChant, Dell. <i>Comparative Religious Ethics: a narrative approach</i> (Blackwell Publishing, 2001). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0631201254" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-20125-4</a>.</li> <li>Fisher, Mary Pat. <i>Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths</i> (I.B. Tauris, 1997). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1860641482" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-86064-148-2</a>.</li> <li>Goodspeed, Bennett W. <i>The Tao Jones Averages: A Guide to Whole-Brained Investing</i> (E. P. Dutton, 1983).</li> <li>Graham, Angus. <i>Disputers of the Tao</i> (Open Court, 1989) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0812690877" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8126-9087-7</a>.</li> <li>Hansen, Chad D. <i>A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophical Interpretation</i> (Oxford University Press, 2000). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0195134192" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-513419-2</a>.</li> <li>Hucker, Charles O. <i>China's Imperial Past: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture</i> (Stanford University Press, 1995). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0804723532" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-2353-2</a>.</li> <li>Jones, Richard H. <i>Mysticism and Morality: a new look at old questions</i> (Lexington Books, 2004). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0739107844" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7391-0784-4</a>.</li> <li>Keller, Catherine. <i>The Face of the Deep: A Theology of Becoming</i> (Routledge, 2003). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415256488" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-25648-8</a>.</li> <li>Kim, Ha Poong. <i>Reading Lao Tzu: A Companion to the Tao Te Ching With a New Translation</i> (Xlibris Corporation, 2003). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1401083161" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4010-8316-1</a>.</li> <li>Kirkland, Russel. <i>Taoism: The Enduring Tradition</i> (Routledge, 2004). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0415263220" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-26322-0</a>.</li> <li>Kohn, Livia, ed. <i>Daoism Handbook</i> (Leiden: Brill, 2000).</li> <li>Kohn, Livia. <i>The Daoist Monastic Manual: A Translation of the <u>Fengdao Kejie</u></i> (New York: Oxford University Press 2004)</li> <li>Kohn, Livia & LaFargue, Michael, ed. <i>Lao-Tzu and the Tao-Te-Ching</i> (SUNY Press, 1998). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0791435997" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7914-3599-7</a>.</li> <li>Komjathy, Louis. <i>Handbooks for Daoist Practice.</i> 10 vols. Hong Kong: Yuen Yuen Institute, 2008.</li> <li>Kraemer, Kenneth. <i>World Scriptures: An Introduction to Comparative Religions</i> (Paulist Press, 1986). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0809127814" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8091-2781-4</a>.</li> <li>LaFargue, Michael. <i>Tao and Method: A Reasoned Approach to the Tao Te Ching</i> (SUNY Press. 1994) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0791416011" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7914-1601-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Little&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Little (ikke skrevet ennå)">Little, Stephen</a> and Shawn Eichman, et al. <i>Taoism and the Arts of China</i> (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0520227840" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-22784-0</a></li> <li>Mair, Victor H. <i>The Columbia History of Chinese Literature</i> (Columbia University Press, 2001). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0231109849" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-231-10984-9</a></li> <li>Mair, Victor H. <i>Experimental Essays on Chuang-tzu</i> (Hawaii, 1983) <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0887069673" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-88706-967-3</a>.</li> <li>Markham, Ian S. & Ruparell, Tinu. <i>Encountering Religion: an introduction to the religions of the world</i> (Blackwell Publishing, 2001). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0631206744" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-20674-4</a>.</li> <li>Martin, William. <i>A Path And A Practice: Using Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching as a Guide to an Awakened Spiritual Life</i> (Marlowe & Company, 2005). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1569243905" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-56924-390-5</a>.</li> <li>Martinson, Paul Varo. <i>A theology of world religions: Interpreting God, self, and world in Semitic, Indian, and Chinese thought</i> (Augsburg Publishing House, 1987). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0806622539" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8066-2253-9</a>.</li> <li>Maspero, Henri. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. <i>Taoism and Chinese Religion</i> (University of Massachusetts Press, 1981). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0870233084" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87023-308-4</a></li> <li>Miller, James. <i>Daoism: A Short Introduction</i> (Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1851683151" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85168-315-1</a></li> <li>Mollier, Christine. <i>Buddhism and Taoism Face to Face: Scripture, Ritual, and Iconographic Exchange in Medieval China</i>. (University of Hawai'i Press, 2008). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0824831691" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8248-3169-1</a>.</li> <li>Moore, Charles Alexander. <i>The Chinese Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and Culture</i> (University of Hawaii Press, 1967). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0824800753" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8248-0075-3</a>.</li> <li>Occhiogrosso, Peter. <i>The Joy of Sects</i> (Doubleday, 1994). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0385425643" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-385-42564-3</a></li> <li>Pas, Julian F. & Leung, Man Kam. <i>Historical Dictionary of Taoism</i> (Scarecrow Press, 1998). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0810833697" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8108-3369-7</a>.</li> <li>Prebish, Charles. <i>Buddhism: A Modern Perspective</i> (Penn State Press, 1975). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0271011955" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-271-01195-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinet,_Isabelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinet, Isabelle">Robinet, Isabelle</a>. <i>Taoist Meditation: The Mao-shan Tradition of Great Purity</i> (Albany: SUNY Press, 1993 [original French 1989]).</li> <li>Robinet, Isabelle. <i>Taoism: Growth of a Religion</i> (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0804728399" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8047-2839-9</a>) [original: <i>Histoire du taoïsme : des origines au XIVe siècle</i>, Éditions du Cerf, 1991 <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/220404251X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 220404251X</a>]).</li> <li>Segal, Robert Alan. <i>The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion</i> (Blackwell Publishing, 2006). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0631232168" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-23216-8</a>.</li> <li>Schipper, Kristopher. <i>The Taoist Body</i> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993 [original French version 1982]).</li> <li>Schipper, Kristopher and Franciscus Verellen. <i>The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2004).</li> <li>Sharot, Stephen. <i>A Comparative Sociology of World Religions: virtuosos, priests, and popular religion</i> (New York: NYU Press, 2001). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0814798055" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8147-9805-5</a>.</li> <li>Silvers, Brock. <i>The Taoist Manual</i> (Honolulu: Sacred Mountain Press, 2005).</li> <li>Slingerland, Edward Gilman. <i>Effortless Action: Wu-Wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China</i> (Oxford University Press, 2003). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0195138996" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-513899-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Van_Voorst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Van Voorst (ikke skrevet ennå)">Van Voorst, Robert E.</a> <i>Anthology of World Scriptures</i> (Thomson Wadsworth, 2005). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0534520995" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-534-52099-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waley,_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Waley, Arthur">Waley, Arthur</a>. <i>The Way and Its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and Its Place in Chinese Thought</i> (Grove Press, 1958). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0802150853" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8021-5085-3</a>.</li> <li>Watts, Alan Wilson. <i>Tao: The Watercourse Way</i> with Al Chung-liang Huang (Pantheon, 1977). <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0394733118" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-394-73311-8</a> .</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taoisme&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger 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title="Islamsk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Islamsk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stlig_filosofi" title="Østlig filosofi">Østlig</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie" title="Filosofiens historie">Filosofiens historie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Försokratisk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Försokratisk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_filosofi" title="Antikkens filosofi">Antiken</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Middelalderens_filosofi" title="Middelalderens filosofi">Middelalderen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renessansens_Filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renessansens Filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Renessansens Filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Filosofi_p%C3%A5_1600-tallet" title="Filosofi på 1600-tallet">Filosofi på 1600-tallet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Opplysningsfilosofene" title="Opplysningsfilosofene">Opplysningsfilosofene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samtidsfilosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samtidsfilosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Samtidsfilosofi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer" title="Kategori:Filosofer">Filosofer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Sortering efter: <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_epoke" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter epoke">epok</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_nasjonalitet" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter nasjonalitet">nasjonalitet</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Filosofer_etter_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter religion (ikke skrevet ennå)">religion</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_tradisjon" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter tradisjon">tradisjon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Filosofer_etter_disiplin" title="Kategori:Filosofer etter disiplin">disiplin</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Grener</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Traditionella</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axiologi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Axiologi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estetikk" title="Estetikk">Estetikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etik (ikke skrevet ennå)">Etik</a>)  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Erkjennelsesteori" title="Erkjennelsesteori">Erkjennelsesteori</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Logikk" title="Logikk">Logikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metafysikk" title="Metafysikk">Metafysikk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">Ontologi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Filosofi om…</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of artificial intelligence (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of artificial intelligence</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioethics (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bioethics</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_theory_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action theory (philosophy) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Action theory (philosophy)</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_history&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of history (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of history</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of war (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of war</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matematisk_filosofi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matematisk filosofi (ikke skrevet ennå)">Matematik</a>[[:nn:Matematisk filosofi|[[[nn]]]] <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophy_of_medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philosophy of medicine (ikke skrevet ennå)">Philosophy of medicine</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sinnsfilosofi" title="Sinnsfilosofi">Sinnsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaphilosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaphilosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Metaphilosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Naturfilosofi" title="Naturfilosofi">Naturfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pedagogisk_filosofi" title="Pedagogisk filosofi">Pedagogisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rettsfilosofi" title="Rettsfilosofi">Rettsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sosialfilosofi" title="Sosialfilosofi">Sosialfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språkfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religionsfilosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vitenskapsteori" title="Vitenskapsteori">Vitenskapsteori</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Skolor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filosofiens_historie#Antikkens_filosofi" title="Filosofiens historie">Antiken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Chinese philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konfusianisme" title="Konfusianisme">Konfusianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Legalisme" title="Legalisme">Legalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mohismen" title="Mohismen">Mohismen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Navneskolen" title="Navneskolen">Navneskolen</a> <b>·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Taoisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=School_of_Naturalists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="School of Naturalists (ikke skrevet ennå)">School of Naturalists</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Grekisk-romersk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelisme" title="Aristotelisme">Aristotelisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomisme" title="Atomisme">Atomisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eleatene" title="Eleatene">Eleatene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epikurisme" title="Epikurisme">Epikurisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rsokratikerne" title="Førsokratikerne">Førsokratikerne</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_joniska_naturfilosoferna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De joniska naturfilosoferna (ikke skrevet ennå)">De joniska naturfilosoferna</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efesiska_skolan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efesiska skolan (ikke skrevet ennå)">Efesiska skolan</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kynisme" title="Kynisme">Kynisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kyreneikere" title="Kyreneikere">Kyreneikere</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mithras-kulten" title="Mithras-kulten">Mithras-kulten</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Peripatos" title="Peripatos">Peripatos</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Platonisme" title="Platonisme">Platonisme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nyplatonisme" title="Nyplatonisme">Ny</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pytagoreer" title="Pytagoreer">Pytagoreer</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopythagoreanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopythagoreanism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Neopythagoreanism</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sofistene" title="Sofistene">Sofistene</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stoisisme" title="Stoisisme">Stoisisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Indian philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%80j%C4%ABvika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ājīvika (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ājīvika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sautr%C4%81ntika" title="Sautrāntika">Sautrāntika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Yogasutra" title="Yogasutra">Yogasutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middelalderens_filosofi" title="Middelalderens filosofi">Middelalderens filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestlig_filosofi" title="Vestlig filosofi">Vestlig filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Christian philosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skolastikk" title="Skolastikk">Skolastikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Thomisme" title="Thomisme">Thomisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Renessansehumanisme" title="Renessansehumanisme">Renessansehumanisme</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Islamic philosophy</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stlig_filosofi" title="Østlig filosofi">Østlig filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita_vedanta" title="Advaita vedanta">Advaita vedanta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvaita_Vedanta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvaita Vedanta (ikke skrevet ennå)">Dvaita Vedanta</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianisme" title="Neokonfucianisme">Neokonfucianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sufisme" title="Sufisme">Sufisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Moderne tid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Allmänt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkisme" title="Anarkisme">Anarkisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesianisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Cartesianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Determinisme" title="Determinisme">Determinisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">Empirisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foundationalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foundationalisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Foundationalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Historisisme" title="Historisisme">Historisisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Holisme" title="Holisme">Holisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">Humanisme</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antihumanisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antihumanisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Antihumanisme</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Idealisme" title="Idealisme">Idealisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Individualisme" title="Individualisme">Individualisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivisme" title="Kollektivisme">Kollektivisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Konservatisme" title="Konservatisme">Konservatisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kontraktualisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kontraktualisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kontraktualisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">Liberalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Materialisme" title="Materialisme">Materialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monisme" title="Monisme">Monisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Naturalisme_(filosofi)" title="Naturalisme (filosofi)">Naturalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nihilisme" title="Nihilisme">Nihilisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Kantianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Kantianisme (ikke skrevet ennå)">Neo-Kantianisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-scholasticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-scholasticism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Neo-scholasticism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Positivisme" title="Positivisme">Positivisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pragmatisme" title="Pragmatisme">Pragmatisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rasjonalisme" title="Rasjonalisme">Rasjonalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">Sosialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalisme" title="Transcendentalisme">Transcendentalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarisme" title="Utilitarisme">Utilitarisme</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contemporary_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contemporary philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Contemporary philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analytical_Marxism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analytical Marxism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Analytical Marxism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Experimental philosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quietism_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quietism (philosophy) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Quietism (philosophy)</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Internalisme_og_eksternalisme" title="Internalisme og eksternalisme">Internalisme og eksternalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coherentism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coherentism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Coherentism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarisme" title="Kommunitarisme">Kommunitarisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Teleologisk_etikk" title="Teleologisk etikk">Teleologisk etikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivisme" title="Logisk positivisme">Logisk positivisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaethics (ikke skrevet ennå)">Metaethics</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etikk" title="Normativ etikk">Normativ etikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_positivism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal positivism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Legal positivism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Scientisme" title="Scientisme">Scientisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Applied_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applied ethics (ikke skrevet ennå)">Applied ethics</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordinary_language_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordinary language philosophy (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ordinary language philosophy</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vitenskapelig_skeptisisme" title="Vitenskapelig skeptisisme">Vitenskapelig skeptisisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moral_realism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moral realism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Moral realism</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Wienerkretsen" title="Wienerkretsen">Wienerkretsen</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental filosofi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruksjon_(filosofi)" title="Dekonstruksjon (filosofi)">Dekonstruksjon</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk filosofi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurtskolen" title="Frankfurtskolen">Frankfurtskolen</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_teori" title="Kritisk teori">Kritisk teori</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutikk" title="Hermeneutikk">Hermeneutikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">Marxisme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nymarxisme" title="Nymarxisme">Ny</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Marxism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Marxism (ikke skrevet ennå)">Western Marxism</a>) <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sosialkonstruksjonisme" title="Sosialkonstruksjonisme">Sosialkonstruksjonisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme">Strukturalisme</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalisme" title="Poststrukturalisme">Poststrukturalisme</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f9dc7d;;width:1%">Diverse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dialektikk" title="Dialektikk">Dialektikk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Formalisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Formalisme">Formalisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nythomisme" title="Nythomisme">Nythomisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Objektivisme" title="Objektivisme">Objektivisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Relativisme" title="Relativisme">Relativisme</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philosophical_skepticism&action=edit&redlink=1" 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