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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>An Introduction to Biblical Aramaic - Andreas Schuele - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Biblical_Aramaic.html?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Introduction_to_Biblical_Aramaic.html?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC"/><meta name="title" content="An Introduction to Biblical Aramaic"/><meta name="description" content="The study of biblical Aramaic, an ancient Semitic language from which the Hebrew alphabet was derived, is necessary for understanding texts written during certain periods of early Jewish and Christian history and is especially important for the study of the books of Daniel and Ezra. 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This new textbook is a thorough guide to learning to read and translate biblical Aramaic and includes an introduction to the language, examples of texts for practice translations, and helpful comparison charts.</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="-5CWO0QjIGoC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&printsec=frontcover&vq=dagesh" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="selected_pages_anchor"></a>Selected pages</h3><div id=selected_pages class=about_content><div id=selected_pages_v><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR3&vq=dagesh&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR3&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U0n4QSRRwTYn6psGY1rTqlDHr5NaQ" alt="Title Page" title="Title Page" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR3&vq=dagesh&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Title Page</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR5&vq=dagesh&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR5&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U3XyOHWODs04myAV2I8q7u3xOotFQ" alt="Table of Contents" title="Table of Contents" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&pg=PR5&vq=dagesh&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Table of Contents</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>FROM THE PHOENICIAN TO THE ARAMAIC </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>3</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>MASORETIC VOWEL SIGNS </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>10</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE NOUN </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>19</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>xi </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>25</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">11 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>33</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>VERBS WITH SUFFIXES </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>52</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>SYNTAX </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>59</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>אִיתַי אֲתַי The Particle of Existence </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>65</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>IMPERSONAL SPEECH </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>71</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>ANALYTIC AND SYNTHETIC SYNTAX </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>77</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">20 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>79</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>WORD LIST </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>83</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>THE ZAKKUR INSCRIPTION </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>98</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>TWO SAYINGS FROM THE WISDOM </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>105</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>PARADIGMS </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>120</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&printsec=copyright&vq=dagesh" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">19 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>69</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN0664234240&id=-5CWO0QjIGoC'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir=ltr>An Introduction to Biblical Aramaic</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Andreas+Schuele%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Andreas Schuele</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">No preview available</span> - 2012</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"An Introduction to Biblical Aramaic","authors":"Andreas Schuele","bib_key":"ISBN:9781611642612","pub_date":"3 Sept 2012","snippet":"The study of biblical Aramaic, an ancient Semitic language from which the Hebrew alphabet was derived, is necessary for understanding texts written during certain periods of ...","subject":"Religion","info_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","preview_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","thumbnail_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=kRRtDwAAQBAJ\u0026printsec=frontcover\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=1","num_pages":136,"viewability":4,"preview":"noview","embeddable":false,"my_ebooks_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fas_coll%3D7\u0026hl=en","has_flowing_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false}]);})();</script></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=action&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>action</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Aramaic+language&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Aramaic language</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Arameans&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Arameans</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=assimilation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>assimilation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=attested&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>attested</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=awEh/l&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>awEh/l</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Belshazzar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Belshazzar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Biblical+Aramaic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Biblical Aramaic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=clause&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>clause</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=closed+syllable&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>closed syllable</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=conjugation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>conjugation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=consonant&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>consonant</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=consonantal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>consonantal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=const&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>const</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=dagesh&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>dagesh</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=daniel&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>daniel</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=ending&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>ending</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=examples&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>examples</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Exercise&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Exercise</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Ezra&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Ezra</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=f.sg&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>f.sg</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=factitive-resultant&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>factitive-resultant</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=following+forms&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>following forms</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Forms+in+Various&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Forms in Various</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=genitive+chains&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>genitive chains</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=grammatical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>grammatical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Hap%27el&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>Hap'el</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=heaven&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>heaven</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Hebrew&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Hebrew</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=hitpa&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>hitpa</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=hitpe&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>hitpe</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=hitpe%60el&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>hitpe`el</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=hn%22d&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>hn"d</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=hollow+roots&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>hollow roots</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Hop%27al&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Hop'al</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=II%3DIII&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>II=III</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=imperative&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>imperative</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=imperfect+forms&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>imperfect forms</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Imperial+Aramaic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Imperial Aramaic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=impersonal+speech&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>impersonal speech</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=impf&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>impf</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=infinitive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>infinitive</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=jussive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>jussive</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=king&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>king</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=lbeq%5C-lK&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>lbeq\-lK</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=m.sg&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>m.sg</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Masoretes&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Masoretes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=mater+lectionis&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>mater lectionis</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=narrative&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>narrative</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Note&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Note</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=noun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>noun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=occurs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>occurs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=open+syllable&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>open syllable</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Pacal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Pacal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Pacel&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Pacel</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Paradigm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Paradigm</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Parse+and+translate&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Parse and translate</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=participle&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>participle</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=passive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>passive</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=pata%E1%B8%A5&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>pataḥ</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Pe%27al&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Pe'al</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Pe%27il&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Pe'il</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Pe%CA%BBal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Peʻal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=perfect&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>perfect</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=plural&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>plural</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=predicate&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>predicate</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=prefix&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>prefix</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=preposition&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>preposition</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=pronoun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>pronoun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=q%C4%81me%E1%B9%A3&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>qāmeṣ</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Qere&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Qere</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=reflexive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>reflexive</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=relative+particle&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>relative particle</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=root+consonants&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>root consonants</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=second+consonant&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>second consonant</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=second+radical&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>second radical</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Semitic+languages&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Semitic languages</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=sentence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>sentence</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=shewa&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>shewa</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=silent+shewa&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>silent shewa</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=tense&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tense</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=texts&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>texts</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=third+consonants&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>third consonants</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=translate+the+following&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>translate the following</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=Various+Conjugations&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Various Conjugations</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=vision&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>vision</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=vowel+pattern&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>vowel pattern</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=vowel+signs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>vowel signs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=weak+verbs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>weak verbs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=word+order&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>word order</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=yId:a&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>yId:a</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=yt%3Byai&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>yt;yai</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=%D7%93%D6%B4%D7%99&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=rtl>דִי</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=%D7%94%D6%B2%D7%95%D6%B8%D7%94&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=rtl>הֲוָה</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=rtl>כתב</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&q=%D7%9E%D6%B7%D7%9C%D6%B0%D7%9B%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%90&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=rtl>מַלְכָּא</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2012)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>Andreas Schuele is Aubrey Lee Brooks Professor of Biblical Theology at Union Presbyterian Seminary. He earned doctoral degrees in both Ancient Near Eastern Studies and Old Testament from the University of Heidelberg. His research focuses on language, literary history, and theology of the Old Testament. </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>An Introduction to Biblical Aramaic</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Andreas+Schuele%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Andreas Schuele</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Westminster John Knox Press, 2012</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>0664234240, 9780664234249</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>145 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Religion%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Religion</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Religion+Biblical+Reference%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Biblical Reference</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Religion+Biblical+Reference+Language+Study%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Language Study</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Religion+/+Biblical+Reference+/+Language+Study%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Religion / Biblical Reference / Language Study</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Religion+/+Biblical+Studies+/+Exegesis+%26+Hermeneutics%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Religion / Biblical Studies / Exegesis & Hermeneutics</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/An_Introduction_to_Biblical_Aramaic.bibtex?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/An_Introduction_to_Biblical_Aramaic.enw?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/An_Introduction_to_Biblical_Aramaic.ris?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3D-5CWO0QjIGoC%26vq%3Ddagesh%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"-5CWO0QjIGoC","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=-5CWO0QjIGoC\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" style="font-size:83%;text-align:center;position:relative;top:20px;height:4.5em;margin-top:2em"><div style="margin-bottom:8px"><a href="/intl/en/googlebooks/about.html"><nobr><nobr>About Google Books</nobr></nobr></a> - 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